Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
  • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
  • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
  • A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
  • A61K31/7048—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/41—Amines
  • A61K8/416—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
  • A61K8/498—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom having 6-membered rings or their condensed derivatives, e.g. coumarin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
  • A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
  • A61Q17/02—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings containing insect repellants
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the invention relates to a composition having anti-lice properties comprising effective amounts of one or more specific quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent(s) (named monoalkyl, dialkyl quat and amidoquat, respectively, in the context of the present invention) in combination with flavonoid-containing extracts obtained from plants of the species Citrus and/or isolated Citrus flavonoids. Further, the invention relates to said composition for use in a method for treating infestation with head lice, and said composition for use as a medicinal product or cosmetic product.
• specific quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent(s) named monoalkyl, dialkyl quat and amidoquat, respectively, in the context of the present invention
• flavonoid-containing extracts obtained from plants of the species Citrus and/or isolated Citrus flavonoids.
• Head lice Pediculus humanus capitis
• Lice occur worldwide and are remarkably widespread in children aged between 3 and 15 years. In many industrialized countries the cases of infested individuals have been observed to increase significantly during the last years. Lice infestations have remained a troublesome problem.
• Insecticides in lice medications are organochlorines, e.g. lindane and DDT, natural pyrethrum or synthetic pyrethroids, e.g. permethrin or resmethrin, often in combination with the monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide, the carbamate ester carbaryl, and the thiophosphate ester malathion, and fipronil.
• Insecticidal lice products are generally and increasingly thought of with caution, especially when young children are treated with such toxins. Most parents fear to apply to their children harmful insecticidal chemicals. Poisoning does not require ingestion of the product, since anti-lice chemicals readily may be absorbed through the skin.
• a suffocation mode of activity has been ascribed to licicidal medications based on silicone/siloxane oils (patents WO 2009/105617, EP 2081428 A, NZ 545068). Cyclomethicone, dimethicone, and other types of silicones and most of them in combination with a plant oil derivative are marketed as non-prescription medicinal products.
• silicone-containing formulations distributed in the hair turned out to be highly flammable. Incidences have occurred, were the entire skin of the head burned away. It is not acceptable to treat a child with a silicone product, which possibly could ruin the live, solely for reason to eliminate a few insects.
• Silicone medications also have the disadvantages to be very sticky to the hair, and to require, after treatment, several washings with normal shampoo to remove the medication. Some silicone preparations bear even more hazardous risks.
• DE 102008004676 by Oystershell teaches a formulation of a siloxene in combination with more than 50 weight-percent of saturated linear or branched C 10 to C 22 -carbon chains. If only tiny amounts of this formulation would be inhaled during treatment of the head, it can be deduced from available information on these molecules that the child would suffer serious damages of the lung and possibly even could die.
• Herbal preparations are assumed by most people to be in general less harmful than synthetic chemicals, though in some cases this is questionable from a scientific view.
• Pharmaceutical producers offer lice treatments containing various active ingredients from plants.
• Many herbal products are based on essential oils, and the modest capacity of essential oils and certain terpenes of the oils to kill insects is known from numerous studies.
• Several patent applications claim the use of essential oils and terpenes as lice treatments, e.g. limonene (KR 20000022375 and US 2009/176890) or a mixture of essential oils (WO 2008/101131).
• neem oil and essential oils e.g. those from anise, tea tree and other Eucalyptus oils and lavender oils have been proposed to treat lice (AU 2008101219).
• Essential oils have the serious disadvantage to be skin irritating and sensitizing. Due to that, the EU legislation 2003/15/EC Directive requires that products containing certain allegedly allergenic essential oil terpenes have to be labelled with a warning note that the product may cause allergies.
• Several essential oil constituents are skin penetrating neurotoxins, notably anethol from anise or star anise, and commercialized products containing these substances are critical for the health of children.
• these anti-lice products strictly are to be classified as pharmaceutical drugs, not as medicinal products.
• the task of the present invention is to offer a treatment for infestation with lice having no toxicity, that exerts a lice killing mechanism based on a physical mode of action, and that is not prone to development of resistance. Furthermore, the residuals of the medication have to be environmentally safe, and is expected to enable a user-friendly application consisting in a short treatment time not exceeding much that for an ordinary shampoo used for normal hair cleaning by non-infested persons.
• the invention provides the composition as defined in claim 1 .
• Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
• the invention provides a composition
• a composition comprising a flavonoid-containing extract from plants of the species Citrus and/or one or more isolated Citrus flavonoids in combination with at least one cationic surface-active agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts having one or two C 8-26 alkyl chain(s) (in the following named monoalkyl or dialkyl quats) and quaternary ammonium salts having one C 8-26 fatty acid being bound to the ammonium nitrogen via an amide bond (in the following named amido quats).
• Flavonoids are natural polyphenols with a 2-phenylbenzopyrone (2-phenyl-benzochromen-4-one) structure. They are often called bioflavonoids, indicating that they are plant derived, e.g. obtained from citrus fruits (genus Rutaceae , species Citrus ), and because of their beneficial health effects.
• Naringin (7-[[2-O-(6-desoxy- ⁇ -L-mannopyra-nosyl)- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one), hesperidin ((2S)-7-((6-O-(6-desoxy- ⁇ -L-mannopyranosyl)- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) and their aglycons naringenin ((S)-2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) and hesperetin ((S)-2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4
• Flavonoids Due to their bitter taste, they are used as an additive for certain beverages. Polyphenols protect the body against cell-destroying effects of free radicals and citrus fruit consumption is associated with a reduction in cancer incidence. Flavonoids also protect vascular cells, exhibit cholesterol-lowering effects and act anti-inflammatory (Galati E M. et al. 1994, Biological effects of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid (note I): anti-inflammatory and analgesis activity. In: Farmaco vol. 40, p 709-712; Montforte M. T. et al. 1995: Biological effects of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid (note II): hypolipidemic activity on experimental hypercholesterinemia in rat. In: Farmaco vol. 50, p 595-599).
• Naringin is a peculiar flavonoid, which can be extracted from grapefruit seed and pulp. Naringin displays several health-related properties of flavonoids. Grapefruit flavonoids are under study as therapies against inflammation, tumor (EP 0352147) and liver diseases (EP 1032381), treatment of cough (EP 1591123) and in alternative medicine are applied to treat against a broad range of diverse diseases.
• a putative insecticidal activity of naringin is of interest in the present context.
• a fraction containing naringin in acetonitrile has been collected from high pressure liquid chromatography and this fraction has been reported to kill mosquito larvae (Rajkumar S., Jebasan A., Bioactivity of flavonoid compounds from Poncirus trifoliata L. (Family: Rutaceae) against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 104:19-25, (2008)).
• the second constituent of the composition according to the present invention are specific cationic surface-active agents.
• Compounds with cationic moieties typically are used for conditioning in hair care, though silicone compounds gained a dominant role for this purpose.
• Hair bears negative charges to which cationic agents can be bound in order to impart an antistatic effect and to obtain a smooth hair surface.
• Cationic emulsifiers comprise one or two charged nitrogen atoms and one or two alkyl chains.
• monoalkyl and dialkyl quats and amidoquats are not known to have any licidical effect have not been employed for treating lice infestations.
• flavonoid-containing extracts obtained from plants of the species Citrus and/or one or more of isolated Citrus flavonoids in combination with monoalkyl or dialkyl quats and/or amidoquats exert a strong licicidal effect.
• the present invention was accomplished.
• composition of the present invention readily infiltrates the tracheae and tiny tracheolae and thereby irreversibly blocks the uptake of oxygen by the louse.
• inventive composition also dissolves barrier substances plugging the breathing pores of the eggs. This leads to drying out of the developing embryo.
• a further advantage of the present invention is that the active principle does not contain noxious constituents, which might harm the health of treated humans.
• Flavonoids which are contained as main components in the Citrus plant extracts used according to the invention are naringin, naringenin, hesperetin and hesperidin. These flavonoids are typically contained in extracts obtained form plants of the genus Citrus , such as grapefruit, pomelo, orange, bitter orange, blood orange, bergamot orange, lemon, key lime, lime, clementine, satsuma, tangelo, tangerine, mandarin orange and kumquat. Most preferably extracts obtained from grapefruit, orange and lemon are used according to the invention. Such extracts can be obtained from Citrus fruits or fruit parts such as pulp, peels or kernels by procedures known to the one skilled in the art.
• the plant parts are extracted with a suitable solvent such as e.g. petrol ether, cyclohexane, hexane or pentane, in order to remove unwanted essential oils.
• a suitable solvent such as methanol or ethanol.
• the extract is concentrated until a syrup is obtained, and then the flavonoids are precipitated by adding a suitable acid, e.g. acetic acid.
• the precipitate is then washed with e.g. diluted acid such as diluted acetic acid, if desired, and dried.
• Flavonoid-containing extracts of Citrus plants are also commercially available, e.g. from Furfural Espanol S.A. They may be used according to the invention as a dry extract or as a suspension or solution in a suitable solvent such as glycerol. Grapefruit dry extract typically contains up to 50% by weight of naringin based on the total content of flavonoids.
• the Citrus flavonoids naringin, naringenin, hesperetin and hesperidin may also be used as isolated compounds for preparing the composition, either a single compounds or as a mixture of one or more compounds. They may also be used in admixture with the flavonoid-containing Citrus extract defined before. Naringin and hesperidin are the most preferred flavonoids according to the invention. These Citrus flavonoids are commercially available e.g. from Furfural workout S.A. or can be manufactured by known processes.
• compositions include at least 0.05% by weight flavonoid or mixtures of flavonoids, preferably at least 0.1%, and most preferably at least about 0.2% by weight based on the total composition.
• maximum total amount of the flavonoids in a composition according to the invention is 0.5-10%, preferably 0.5-15%, most preferably about 0.5-1% by weight. These amounts refer to the isolated flavonoids. If Citrus extract is used for preparing the composition, the amount of extract to be added to the composition is calculated based on the amount of flavonoids contained in the extract in order to achieve the flavonoid contents defined above.
• compositions according to the invention include at least about 0.1% by weight of the cationic surface active agent as defined in the claims, preferably at least about 0.5% by weight, and most preferably at least about 1% by weight of the cationic surface active agent based on the total composition.
• the amount of cationic surface active agent is about 2-25%, more preferably about 2-10%, most preferably about 2-7% by weight.
• the surface active agents are selected from quaternary ammonium salts having one or two linear saturated C 8-26 alkyl chain(s) (named monoalkyl and dialkyl quats, respectively) and quaternary ammonium salts having one C 8-26 fatty acid being bound to the ammonium nitrogen via an amide bond (amido quats).
• dialkyl quats the two long alkyl chains may be the same or different.
• Preferred long alkyl chains of the mono- and alkyl quats are fatty alcohol residues, in particular stearyl, cetyl and behenyl.
• the remaining alkyl residues of the quaternary ammonium salt are short-chain alkyl groups, in particular C 1-6 alkyl groups, which may be linear or branched, e.g. methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec.-butyl, tert.-butyl groups, pentyl groups or hexyl groups. They may be the same or different.
• these remaining alkyl groups are methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl.
• the fatty acids for forming the amide bond of the amidoquat are typically C 8-24 fatty acids, which are linear and which may have one or more double bonds in the carbon chain.
• Examples for the fatty acid the residue is derived form are caprylic acid, caproic acid, pelargonic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolienic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, elaidinic acid, myristic acid, margaric acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, pentadecanoic acid.
• the counter-anions of the ammonium salts are selected from bases of strong or weak inorganic or organic acids such as halogenides (chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, preferably chloride), sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, acetate, toluenesulfonate, sulfonate, trifluoracetate, carbonate, bicarbonate, dihydrogenphosphate, hydrogendiphosphate, benzoate and other usually employed anions. Most preferred are halogenides and in particular chlorides.
• Preferred monoalkyl quats are behentrimonium chloride (Docosyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride) and cetrimonium chloride (hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride).
• Preferred dialkyl quats are dicetyldimonium chloride (dihexadecyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride) and distearyl-dimonium chloride (dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium chloride).
• Preferred quats used in the inventive composition are amidoquats.
• a preferred amidoquat and at the same time the most preferred of all cationic surface active agents used according to the invention is palm itamidopropyl-trimonium chloride.
• the cationic alkyl quats are commercially available preparations, e.g. Varisoft PATC (manufactured by EVONIK), IncroquatTM HO or OCS (manufactured by Croda). These products may contain other ingredients, which may also be present in the composition according to the present invention if the commercially available quats and/or amidoquats are used.
• composition of the present invention preferably is adapted for application as a shampoo.
• the present invention also comprises formulations, non-exhaustively, as mousse, gel, lotion, liquid, spray, aerosol, hair spray, paste, powder, hair conditioner or other compositional forms.
• the invention also comprises formulations such household agents selected form the group consisting of washing solution, spray or powder for treatment of textiles, beddings, carpets or furniture.
• Immersion solutions for lice combs that may be used successively for several individuals, and washing additives for lice eliminating treatments of clothing or bedding textiles are also comprised in the present invention.
• the shampoo formulation would typically be left in the hair for about 5 minutes to 1 hour. Then the product and dead lice are rinsed out from the hair with warm water.
• the application of the inventive formulation may be repeated after 8 to 10 days, if necessary, though typically a single treatment will be sufficient to eradicate the lice infestation.
• An additional advantage of the quat(s) used in the composition of the present invention is the known hair conditioning effect of this substance.
• the user wishes to remove all nits, i.e. shells of the lice eggs glued to the hair. To achieve this the hair typically is intensely combed.
• the act of combing generates negative charges so that the similarly charged hair fibers repulse each other.
• Alkyl quats or amidoquats neutralize the negative charges, reduce the flyaway of the hair and thereby allow to easily comb the smooth lying hair.
• it is an important advantage of the quats used in the composition of the present invention that the smoothening the hair surface makes it significantly easier to strip away the nits from the hair fibers.
• composition according to the invention may be used as a cosmetic product, medicinal product or pharmaceutical product. It is used for treating infestation with head lice, and may be used by adults, youths and children.
• the invention also comprises a composition as defined before for use in a cosmetic or medical treatment of infestation with head lice.
• compositions intended for treating infestation with head lice are classified according to local law as medical, cosmetic or medicinal product, and all these uses are comprised in the present invention.
• the production of the claimed anti lice medication may be started with the dissolution of a Citrus extract or powder containing naringin, naringenin, hesperidin and/or hesperetin or of one or more of these isolated flavonoids with the quat fluid.
• the mixture forms a complex of both substances, and a colour development from faint brownish of the flavonoid powder to an intense yellow-brown coloration of the solution can be observed.
• the colour intensity of this insecticidal complex can be measured by spectrophotometry, e.g. for purpose of in-process quality control.
• the insecticidal complex is mixed with different additives. Shampooing of the head ensures uniform distribution of the medication all over the hair.
• composition according to the invention may be any suitable chemical entity that is compatible with the hair and the skin physiology (Pepe R. C., Wenniger J. A., McEwen G. N. (eds.) 2000, International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Cosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Washington).
• composition of the invention may also comprise other insect-killing substances which are known in the art, such as those mentioned in the introductory part of this description.
• composition of the present invention may further comprise usual suitable additives and ingredients which are generally used in medicinal products or cleaning compositions.
• non-ionic, anionic amphoteric, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants other than the quats defined above, which can serve to boost or stabilize the foaming of a shampoo, to emulsify other constituents of the formulation, or compounds added for purpose of hair and skin cleansing.
• Examples include, but are not limited to, sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betain and other N-alkyl betaines, sulphobetaines, lauryl sulfates, ester linked sulphonates, alkyl carboxylates, N-acyl sarcosinates, N-substituted alkyl amides, soaps made from fatty acids with alkali, polyglyceryl-3-caprate, lauryl glucoside, glyceryl laurate.
• emulsifiers and emollients which may be added are, but are not limited to, cocoamido ethyl betaine, cetyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, disodium cetearyl sulfosuccinate, disodium oleoampho-dipropionate, lauramide DEA, cetyl phosphate, potassium cetyl phosphate, glycerol monooleate, glyceryl stearate, cetearyl glucoside, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, glyceryl trioleate, triglyceryl diisostearate, sucrose distearate, sucrose cocoate, polyoxyethylene monostearate, sucrose distearate, polyethylene glycol monostearate, capric/caprylic triglyceride, cetyl palmitate, cetyl alcohol, isopropyl stearate,
• Vehicles which may be used according to the invention include, but are not limited to, water, ethanol, glycerol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and silicones.
• the vehicle is water.
• a product according to the present invention may also comprise other hair conditioning agents that alter the wet and dry combing properties, the appearance, feel or styling of the hair.
• Additives to improve the hair texture may be, but are not limited to, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol.
• the pH of a composition of this invention is in the range from 4.0 to 8.5, and most preferably between 4.5 and 6.0.
• usual organic or inorganic acids or bases or buffers may be added.
• these pH adjusting agents are acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid and salts thereof, potassium or sodium hydroxide, or ammonia may be added.
• Antioxidants may be included in the formulation in order to prevent the degradation caused by oxidation.
• Antioxidants include, but are not limited to ascorbic acid, tocopherol, acetyl cysteine, cysteine, gallates, natural polyphenolic compounds and butyl hydroxytoluene.
• a formulation of the present invention may be stabilized with preservatives to inhibit microbial growth.
• preservatives include, but are not limited to, ethanol, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, chlorohexidine, germaben, parabens, sorbic acid, and phenoxyethanol.
• further adjuvants include, but are not limited, to chelating agents, polymers to stabilize and prevent physical separation of the formulation, thickeners, fragrances and dyes.
• Dried seeds or peels of grapefruits (10 kg) are extracted with 60 kg petrol ether at 50° C. for 4 hours in order to remove unwanted essentials oils.
• the petrol ether fraction is discarded and the plant material is dried and then extracted with methanol for at least 2 hours.
• the methanolic extract is concentrated by evaporation until a syrup consistency is obtained.
• Acetic acid (6%) is added to precipitate the flavonoids. The precipitate is washed with 6% acetic acid and dried.
• the solutions were formulated by addition of the tests substances listed in Table 1 to a basic solution consisting of 10% lauryl glucoside, 5% glycerin and purified water ad 100% and adjusted to pH 6.0 with citric acid.
• a basic solution consisting of 10% lauryl glucoside, 5% glycerin and purified water ad 100% and adjusted to pH 6.0 with citric acid.
• 5 lice were incubated, in the controls consisting of the basic solution without any additions 10 lice were incubated.
• the vitality of the lice is recorded as “mobile” when the louse crawled over the filter paper, as “immobile” when the louse did not crawl, but eventually showed slow movements of one or more legs, and/or peristalsis of the intestine.
• Test 1 demonstrates that flavonoids and alkyl quats alone did not kill the lice. The combination of a flavonoid and an alkyl quat efficiently killed the lice.
• the inventive composition was formulated as a shampoo as given in formulation example 3.
• lice were incubated in the shampoo basic formulation of example 3, but without additions of a flavonoid or a quat. 12 lice were incubated in each test formulation.
• the vitality of the lice is recorded as “mobile” when the louse crawled over the filter paper, as “immobile” when the louse did not crawl, but eventually showed slow movements of one or more legs, and peristalsis of the intestine. “Dead” means that neither movements of the legs nor of the intestine were observed.

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