US20120004108A1 - Coated powder particles - Google Patents
Coated powder particles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120004108A1 US20120004108A1 US13/168,090 US201113168090A US2012004108A1 US 20120004108 A1 US20120004108 A1 US 20120004108A1 US 201113168090 A US201113168090 A US 201113168090A US 2012004108 A1 US2012004108 A1 US 2012004108A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- powder
- micrometers
- powder composition
- preferred
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- -1 cyclopropene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008173 hydrogenated soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010514 hydrogenated cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005638 polyethylene monopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclopropene Chemical compound CC1=CC1 SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 101100045633 Arabidopsis thaliana TCX3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 101150037491 SOL1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001450 Alpha-Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-RWMJIURBSA-N alpha-cyclodextrin Chemical group OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-RWMJIURBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940043377 alpha-cyclodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000036253 epinasty Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQZIBDNUYKXGPF-KWNHIAGJSA-N [(2r)-2-[[(z)-heptadec-10-enyl]carbamoyloxy]-3-hexadecanoyloxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)NCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCC QQZIBDNUYKXGPF-KWNHIAGJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 229940097362 cyclodextrins Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001810 isothiocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=S 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100437784 Drosophila melanogaster bocks gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001116 FEMA 4028 Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 [1*]C1=C([2*])C1([3*])[4*] Chemical compound [1*]C1=C([2*])C1([3*])[4*] 0.000 description 1
- WFMBDEXRLSHIKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+](=O)Cl(=O)(=O)(N=O)N=[N+]=[N-] Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)Cl(=O)(=O)(N=O)N=[N+]=[N-] WFMBDEXRLSHIKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005282 allenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000852 azido group Chemical group *N=[N+]=[N-] 0.000 description 1
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011175 beta-cyclodextrine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Inorganic materials [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromic acid Chemical compound OBr(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001651 cyanato group Chemical group [*]OC#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006310 cycloalkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005144 cycloalkylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005240 diheteroarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GDSRMADSINPKSL-HSEONFRVSA-N gamma-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO GDSRMADSINPKSL-HSEONFRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080345 gamma-cyclodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006517 heterocyclyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005844 heterocyclyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013500 performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical class O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004001 thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZQTYRTSKQFQYPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH2]O[SiH3] ZQTYRTSKQFQYPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
Definitions
- One desirable way of treating plants or plant parts is to prepare a liquid composition that contains one or more cyclopropene compound and then apply that liquid composition to plants or plant parts. It is contemplated that such treatment is useful for blocking the effects of ethylene in the treated plants or plant parts.
- One useful way of preparing such a liquid composition is to make an encapsulation complex in which a molecule of a cyclopropene compound is encapsulated in a molecule of a molecular encapsulation agent.
- the encapsulation complex can be made into a powder, which can be conveniently stored and transported.
- One method of using such a powder is to make a liquid composition by mixing the powder with water, possibly along with other ingredients, and bringing the resulting liquid composition into contact with plants or plant parts, for example by spraying or dipping.
- a powder composition comprising a collection of particles (I) having median particle diameter of 10 micrometers to 200 micrometers, wherein each of said particles (I) comprises
- a slurry comprising an aqueous medium and the collection of particles (I) described above in the first aspect of the present invention.
- a method of treating plants or plant parts comprising contacting said plants or plant parts with the slurry described above in the second aspect of the present invention.
- a “fatty group” is a chemical group that contains at least one chain of carbon atoms that is at least 8 carbon atoms long.
- a “fatty compound” is any compound that contains a fatty group.
- aqueous medium is a composition that is liquid at 25° C. and that contains 75% or more water by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous medium. Ingredients that are dissolved in the aqueous medium are considered to be part of the aqueous medium, but materials that are not dissolved in the aqueous medium are not considered to be part of the aqueous medium. An ingredient is “dissolved” in a liquid if individual molecules of that ingredient are distributed throughout the liquid and are in intimate contact with the molecules of the liquid.
- ratios when any ratio is said to be X:1 or higher, that ratio is meant to be Y:1, where Y is X or higher.
- ratios when any ratio is said to be R:1 or lower, that ratio is meant to be S:1, where S is R or lower.
- the “aspect ratio” of a solid particle is the ratio of the particle's longest dimension to that particle's shortest dimension.
- a particle's longest dimension is the length of the longest possible line segment (“segment L”) that passes through the particle's center of mass and that has each of its end points on the surface of the particle.
- That particle's shortest dimension is the length of the shortest possible line segment (“segment S”) that passes through the particle's center of mass, that has each of its end points on the surface of the particle, and that is perpendicular to segment L.
- the aspect ratio is the ratio of the length of segment L to the length of segment S.
- the “diameter” of a particle is the average of the length of that particle's segment L and that particle's segment S. It is noted that, when the particle is spherical, this definition give the “diameter” in the usual sense.
- a cyclopropene compound is any compound with the formula
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and a chemical group of the formula:
- Each L is a bivalent radical. Suitable L groups include, for example, radicals containing one or more atoms selected from H, B, C, N, O, P, S, Si, or mixtures thereof. The atoms within an L group may be connected to each other by single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, or mixtures thereof. Each L group may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. In any one R group (i.e., any one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 ) the total number of heteroatoms (i.e., atoms that are neither H nor C) is from 0 to 6.
- each Z is a monovalent radical.
- Each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, nitroso, azido, chlorate, bromate, iodate, isocyanato, isocyanido, isothiocyanato, pentafluorothio, and a chemical group G, wherein G is a 3 to 14 membered ring system.
- the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are independently selected from the suitable groups.
- the groups that are suitable for use as one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are, for example, aliphatic groups, aliphatic-oxy groups, alkylphosphonato groups, cycloaliphatic groups, cycloalkylsulfonyl groups, cycloalkylamino groups, heterocyclic groups, aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, halogens, silyl groups, other groups, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
- Groups that are suitable for use as one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 may be substituted or unsubstituted.
- suitable R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, aliphatic groups.
- suitable aliphatic groups include, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups.
- Suitable aliphatic groups may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. Independently, suitable aliphatic groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.
- a chemical group of interest is said to be “substituted” if one or more hydrogen atoms of the chemical group of interest is replaced by a substituent.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups that are connected to the cyclopropene compound through an intervening oxy group, amino group, carbonyl group, or sulfonyl group; examples of such R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, diheterocyclylamino, and diheterocyclylaminosulfonyl.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclic groups that are connected to the cyclopropene compound through an intervening oxy group, amino group, carbonyl group, sulfonyl group, thioalkyl group, or aminosulfonyl group; examples of such R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are diheteroarylamino, heteroarylthioalkyl, and diheteroarylaminosulfonyl.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, nitro, nitroso, azido, chlorato, bromato, iodato, isocyanato, isocyanido, isothiocyanato, pentafluorothio; acetoxy, carboethoxy, cyanato, nitrato, nitrito, perchlorato, allenyl, butylmercapto, diethylphosphonato, dimethylphenylsilyl, isoquinolyl, mercapto, naphthyl, phenoxy, phenyl, piperidino, pyridyl, quinolyl, triethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl; and substituted analogs thereof.
- the chemical group G is a 3 to 14 membered ring system.
- Ring systems suitable as chemical group G may be substituted or unsubstituted; they may be aromatic (including, for example, phenyl and napthyl) or aliphatic (including unsaturated aliphatic, partially saturated aliphatic, or saturated aliphatic); and they may be carbocyclic or heterocyclic.
- heterocyclic G groups some suitable heteroatoms are, for example, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and combinations thereof.
- Ring systems suitable as chemical group G may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, polycyclic, spiro, or fused; among suitable chemical group G ring systems that are bicyclic, tricyclic, or fused, the various rings in a single chemical group G may be all the same type or may be of two or more types (for example, an aromatic ring may be fused with an aliphatic ring).
- one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl. More preferred are embodiments in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 8 )alkyl. More preferred are embodiments in which, each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl. More preferred are embodiments in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or methyl. More preferred are embodiments in which R 1 is (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl and each of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen. Most preferred are embodiments in which R 1 is methyl and each of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen, and the cyclopropene compound is known herein as “1-MCP.”
- a cyclopropene compound that has boiling point at one atmosphere pressure of 50° C. or lower; more preferred 25° C. or lower; more preferred 15° C. or lower.
- a cyclopropene compound is used that has boiling point at one atmosphere pressure of ⁇ 100° C. or higher; more preferred ⁇ 50° C. or higher; more preferred ⁇ 25° C. or higher; more preferred 0° C. or higher.
- the composition of the present invention includes at least one molecular encapsulating agent.
- at least one molecular encapsulating agent encapsulates one or more cyclopropene compound or a portion of one or more cyclopropene compound.
- a complex that contains a cyclopropene compound molecule or a portion of a cyclopropene compound molecule encapsulated in a molecule of a molecular encapsulating agent is known herein as a “cyclopropene compound complex.”
- At least one cyclopropene compound complex is present that is an inclusion complex.
- the molecular encapsulating agent forms a cavity, and the cyclopropene compound or a portion of the cyclopropene compound is located within that cavity.
- the interior of the cavity of the molecular encapsulating agent is substantially apolar or hydrophobic or both, and the cyclopropene compound (or the portion of the cyclopropene compound located within that cavity) is also substantially apolar or hydrophobic or both.
- the present invention is not limited to any particular theory or mechanism, it is contemplated that, in such apolar cyclopropene compound complexes, van der Waals forces, or hydrophobic interactions, or both, cause the cyclopropene compound molecule or portion thereof to remain within the cavity of the molecular encapsulating agent.
- the amount of molecular encapsulating agent can usefully be characterized by the ratio of moles of molecular encapsulating agent to moles of cyclopropene compound.
- the ratio of moles of molecular encapsulating agent to moles of cyclopropene compound is 0.1 or larger; more preferably 0.2 or larger; more preferably 0.5 or larger; more preferably 0.9 or larger.
- the ratio of moles of molecular encapsulating agent to moles of cyclopropene compound is 10 or lower; more preferably 5 or lower; more preferably 2 or lower; more preferably 1.5 or lower.
- Suitable molecular encapsulating agents include, for example, organic and inorganic molecular encapsulating agents. Preferred are organic molecular encapsulating agents, which include, for example, substituted cyclodextrins, unsubstituted cyclodextrins, and crown ethers. Suitable inorganic molecular encapsulating agents include, for example, zeolites. Mixtures of suitable molecular encapsulating agents are also suitable.
- the encapsulating agent is alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin, or a mixture thereof. In more preferred embodiments of the invention, alpha-cyclodextrin is used.
- a preferred method of making the powder composition of the present invention includes the step of making a powder (herein called the “complex powder”) that contains cyclopropene compound complex.
- the complex powder either contains no fatty compound or else, if any fatty compound is present, the amount of all fatty compounds is less than 1% by weight based on the weight of the complex powder.
- each particle of the complex powder contains many molecules of molecular encapsulating agent in which a molecule of a cyclopropene compound is encapsulated.
- the complex powder may also contain one or more adjuvants, including, for example, one or more mono- or di-saccharide compound, one or more metal complexing agent, or combinations thereof.
- Preferred complex powders have median particle diameter of 10 micrometers or less; more preferred 7 micrometers or less; more preferred 5 micrometers or less. Independently, preferred complex powders have median particle diameter of 0.1 micrometer or more; or 0.3 micrometer or more. Median particle diameter may be measured by light diffraction using a commercial instrument such as those manufactured, for example, by Horiba Co. or Malvern Instruments.
- Preferred complex powders have median aspect ratio of 5:1 or lower; more preferably 3:1 or lower; more preferably 2:1 or lower. If a complex powder is obtained that has undesirably high median aspect ratio, it is preferred to use mechanical means such as, for example, milling, to reduce the median aspect ratio to a desirable value.
- the present invention involves the use of a fatty compound having melting point of 50° C. to 110° C. If a fatty compound has more than one melting point, the “melting point” of that fatty compound is herein considered to be the lowest melting point that accounts for 10% or more of the total melting exotherm. Melting points and melting exotherms may be observed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- Fatty compounds include, for example, fatty acids, fatty hydrocarbons, fatty oils and waxes, modified versions thereof, and mixtures thereof. Suitable modifications include any process, including chemical reactions, that alters the composition of a fatty compound, as long as the resulting compound still meets the definition of fatty compound. Modifications include, for example, hydrogenation, esterification, trans-esterification, de-esterification, polymerization, attachment of functional groups, and combinations thereof.
- Fatty acids have the formula R—COOH, where the R group contains a fatty group.
- Fatty hydrocarbons are fatty compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- Fatty oils and waxes are fatty compounds that contain one or more ester group, hydroxyl group, aldehyde group, ketone group, or combination thereof.
- Preferred fatty compounds include at least one fatty group having 16 or more carbon atoms. More preferred are fatty compounds that include at least one fatty group having 18 or more carbon atoms.
- Preferred fatty compounds include fatty acids, triglycerides, polyolefin waxes, and mixtures thereof.
- Triglycerides are triesters of glycerol with three fatty acids. Among fatty acids, the preferred fatty acids do not have pendant hydroxyl groups.
- oils that contain carbon-carbon double bonds are hydrogenated, the extent of the hydrogenation process can determine the melting point of the hydrogenated oil. It is contemplated that when hydrogenated oil is used in the present invention, the extent of hydrogenation will be determined to make the melting point of the hydrogenated oil fall within the melting point ranges discussed below as appropriate for use in the present invention.
- Preferred triglycerides are hydrogenated soybean oil and hydrogenated cottonseed oil.
- Polyolefin waxes are polymers that have polymerized units of ethylene, propylene, or a mixture thereof.
- Preferred polyolefin waxes are polymers that have no polymerized units other than ethylene, propylene, or a mixture thereof. More preferred are polyethylene homopolymer waxes.
- preferred polyolefin waxes Independent of monomer type, preferred polyolefin waxes have number-average molecular weight of 200 or higher; more preferred is 400 or higher. Independently, preferred polyolefin waxes have number-average molecular weight of 2,000 or lower; or 1,000 or lower; or 750 or lower.
- Preferred fatty compounds are triglycerides, polyolefin waxes, and mixtures thereof.
- Fatty compounds useful in the present invention have melting point of 50° C. to 110° C. It is contemplated that if the melting point is too low, the powder composition will be sticky, and the powder will not flow properly. It is also contemplated that if the melting point is too high, when cyclopropene compound complex is mixed with molten fatty compound, the temperature will be high enough to cause significant degradation of the cyclopropene compound.
- Preferred fatty compounds have melting point of 55° C. or higher; more preferred 65° C. or higher; more preferred 70° C. or higher. Independently, preferred fatty compounds have melting point of 100° C. or lower; more preferred 90° C. or lower.
- Another method of assessing fatty compounds is the temperature of onset of the melting point.
- the exotherm curve heat flow vs. temperature
- the baseline is determined, and a corrected heat-flow curve calculated by subtracting the baseline from the original heat-flow curve.
- the maximum heat-flow value of the corrected curve (HFMAX) is determined.
- the onset temperature is the lowest temperature at which the heat-flow value on the corrected curve is equal to 0.1*HFMAX.
- Preferred fatty compounds have onset temperature of 45° C. or higher; more preferred is 55° C. or higher.
- a fatty compound forms a covering over inner particles (II) that contain cyclopropene compound complex.
- a preferred method of making the powder composition of the present invention involves mixing complex powder with molten fatty compound. This mixture may then be separated into individual powder particles by any method.
- a preferred method of turning the molten mixture into powder particles is spray chilling. Spray chilling is a process that involves forming droplets of the molten mixture and dispersing those droplets in air; as the droplets fall due to gravity, they cool and form solid powder particles. The air may be still or may be given an upward current.
- the droplets may be formed by passing the molten mixture through a spray head or a nozzle or by flinging molten mixture off of a rotating disk by centrifugal force.
- An alternative method of producing powder particles of the present invention is non-aqueous spray drying.
- this method using a solvent other than water, fatty compound is dissolved and complex powder is dispersed, and the resulting mixture is spray dried.
- powder particles of the present invention are formed by any of the above methods, it is contemplated that complex powder particles remain intact and become the inner particles (II) within each of the powder particles of the present invention.
- each powder particle (I) of the present invention it is contemplated that the outer surface of each powder particle (I) is composed mostly or entirely of the fatty compound. It is contemplated that, for most or all of the powder particles (I), each powder particle (I) contains one or more particles of complex powder (i.e., powder particles (II)).
- Preferred powder compositions of the present invention contain one or more dispersant.
- Dispersants are compounds that assist in suspending solid particles in a liquid medium. Typical dispersants are polymeric or oligomeric. It is contemplated that a dispersant will aid in distributing the powder particles (II) throughout the liquid form of the fatty compound (i.e., molten or dissolved fatty compound) during the process of forming the powder particles (I).
- the preferred amount of dispersant is, by weight based on the weight of the powder composition of the present invention, 0.05% or more; more preferably 0.1% or more; more preferably 0.2% or more. Independently, the preferred amount of is, by weight based on the weight of the powder composition of the present invention, 5% or less; or 2% or less.
- Some powder compositions of the present invention contain one or more “additional polymer” in addition to the fatty compound having melting point of 50° C. to 110° C.
- additional polymer may or may not qualify as a fatty compound having melting point of 50° C. to 110° C.
- Preferred additional polymers are miscible with the fatty compound having melting point of 50° C. to 110° C., while that fatty compound is in the melt state.
- the fatty compound having melting point of 50° C. to 110° C. contains one or more hydrogenated triglyceride and an additional polymer.
- preferred polymers are copolymers of olefin monomer with one or more non-olefin monomer.
- Preferred non-olefin monomers are vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids and unsaturated carboxylic acids.
- Preferred additional polymers have relatively high molecular weight. Molecular weight can be judged by melt flow rate, using ASTM D1238, at 190° C. with 2.16 kg.
- Preferred additional polymers have melt flow rate of 1 g/10 min or higher; more preferably 3 g/10 or higher. Independently, preferred additional polymers have melt flow rate of 20 g/10 min or lower; or 10 g/10 min or lower.
- the amount of fatty compound in the powder composition of the present invention is preferably 40% or more; more preferably 50% or more. Independently, the amount of fatty compound in the powder composition of the present invention, by weight based on the weight of the powder composition, is preferably 99% or less; more preferably 95% or less.
- the median particle diameter is 10 to 200 micrometers.
- the median particle diameter is preferably 150 micrometers or less; more preferably 100 micrometers or less; more preferably 75 micrometers or less; more preferably 60 micrometers or less.
- Another useful way to characterize the powder composition of the present invention is to measure dQ, where Q is a number less than 100.
- Q is a number less than 100.
- powder particles representing Q % of the total volume of all the powder particles will have particle diameter of less than dQ, while powder particles representing (100 ⁇ Q) % of the total volume of all the powder particles will have particle diameter of more than dQ.
- the powder composition of the present invention preferably has d90 of 100 micrometers or less; more preferably 50 micrometers or less. Independently, the powder composition of the present invention preferably has d10 of 1 micrometer or more; more preferably 3 micrometers or more.
- the powder composition of the present invention may be altered to form an intermediate solid composition or an intermediate liquid composition or a combination thereof.
- An intermediate solid composition is a solid composition made from the powder composition of the present invention, optionally by a method that includes mixing the powder composition of the present invention with additional ingredients; some intermediate solid compositions are particulate compositions with larger or smaller particle size than the powder composition of the present invention.
- the powder composition of the present invention may be mixed with a liquid, either an aqueous medium or some other liquid, to form an intermediate liquid composition; such an intermediate liquid composition may or may not be further diluted prior to contact with plants or plant parts.
- the powder composition of the present invention may be used for treating plants or plant parts in any way.
- the powder composition may be mixed with other materials or may be used directly.
- the preferred method of using the powder composition of the present invention is to use it to form an aqueous slurry.
- An aqueous slurry is formed when the powder composition is mixed with an aqueous medium.
- the aqueous medium may be mixed directly with the powder composition of the present invention or with one of the intermediate compositions described herein above. It is expected that the particles (I) of the powder composition remain intact in the slurry. It is also contemplated that most or all of the particles (I) will be dispersed in the slurry as individual particles rather than as agglomerates thereof.
- the particles (I) may require mechanical agitation to remain suspended in the aqueous medium, or they may remain suspended without agitation.
- the amount of powder composition in the slurry may be characterized by the concentration of cyclopropene compound in the slurry.
- Preferred slurries have cyclopropene compound concentration, in units of milligrams of cyclopropene compound per liter of slurry, of 2 or higher; more preferably 5 or higher; more preferably 10 or higher.
- preferred slurries have cyclopropene compound concentration, in units of milligrams of cyclopropene compound per liter of slurry, of 1000 or lower; more preferably 500 or lower; more preferably 200 or lower.
- the amount of water in the aqueous medium used in the slurry is, by weight based on the weight of aqueous medium, 80% or more; or 90% or more; or 95% or more.
- the slurry may optionally contain one or more adjuvants, such as, for example, one or more metal complexing agent, one or more surfactant, one or more oil, one or more alcohol, or mixtures thereof.
- Preferred metal-complexing agents if used, are chelating agents.
- Preferred surfactants if used, are anionic surfactants and silicone surfactants.
- Preferred alcohols if used, are alkyl alcohols with 4 or fewer carbon atoms. Oils are compounds that are liquid at 25° C., are not water, are not surfactants, and are not alcohols.
- Preferred oils, if used are hydrocarbon oils and silicone oils.
- the preferred method of treating plants is to bring the slurry into contact with plants or plant parts.
- Such contacting may be performed in any location, including inside enclosed spaces (such as, for example, containers, rooms, or buildings) or outside of any enclosed space.
- Preferably, such contacting is performed outside of any enclosed space.
- “outside of any enclosed space” means outside of any building or enclosure or else in a room or building that is ventilated to outdoor atmosphere. More preferred is performing such contacting outside of any building or enclosure. More preferred is performing such contacting in an outdoor field or plot.
- the slurry of the present invention may be brought into contact with plants or plant parts by any method.
- Preferred methods include dipping plant parts into the slurry and applying slurry to plants or plant parts by spraying, foaming, brushing, or combinations thereof. More preferred are spraying the slurry onto plants or plant parts and dipping plant parts into the slurry. More preferred is spraying the slurry onto plants or plant parts.
- Plants or plant parts may be treated in the practice of the present invention. Preferred is treatment of whole plants; more preferred is treatment of whole plants while they are planted in soil, prior to the harvesting of useful plant parts.
- plants that provide useful plant parts may be treated in the practice of the present invention.
- Powder AP1 was mixed into the molten FC50 under the minimum needed temperature at the desired weight ratio. Other additives, such as dispersants and plasticizer may be added at this time, if desired.
- the mixture was agitated with a Cowles disc disperser to achieve dispersion of the solids in the mixture. This mixture was then atomized with pressured air. The particles solidified quickly and were collected in a cyclone. The particle size was controlled by a combination of air pressure, molten wax temperature and composition, and the additives.
- a composition containing water and wetting agents and 1-MCP was placed into a 250 ml bottle.
- the bottle quickly was sealed either with a PTFE/silicone crimp seal via a crimper or with a MininertTM valve (Supelco Company) on a screw. Both setups allow the sampling of the inside headspace by a syringe and also allow the re-seal of the valve after repeated sampling.
- the bottles were placed on top of a shaker and the shaker swirled at a rate of approximately 120 revolutions per minute.
- the headspace inside the bottle was sampled at pre-determined time intervals and analyzed on an analytical gas chromatograph with the proper column.
- the amount of 1-MCP that was released into the headspace was calculated based on its concentration and the volume of the headspace.
- the percentage of 1-MCP released was calculated from the total 1-MCP present in the sample.
- Comparative Formulation CF11 was a comparative formulation, made using powder AP1 and other ingredients but no FC50.
- the concentration of 1-MCP in Comparative Formulation CF11 was 1% by weight, based on the weight of CF11. 0.06 gram of CF11 and 10 ml of SOL1 (to give a solution in which the concentration of 1-MCP was 50 mg per liter of solution.) were added to a 250 ml bottle. The release of 1-MCP was measured using procedure P2.
- Formulation F12 was made as follows. Coated Powder was made using AP1 (10% by weight) and stearic acid (90% by weight) in Procedure P1. 0.2 gram of the coated powder was added to a 250 ml bottle containing 10 ml of SOL1. The amount of AP1 was chosen to yield a solution having approximately 50 mg of 1-MCP per liter of solution. The release of 1-MCP was measured using procedure P2.
- Formulation F21 was made as follows. Coated Powder was made using AP1 (10% by weight) and WX1 (90% by weight) in Procedure P1, using conditions adjusted to yield coated powder with median particle diameter of 30 micrometers. The coated powder (0.14 gram) was added to a 250 ml bottle containing 10 ml of SOL1. The amount of AP1 was chosen to yield a formulation having approximately 50 mg of 1-MCP per liter of formulation.
- Formulation F22 was made identically to F21, except that the conditions in Procedure P1 were chosen to yield coated powder with median particle diameter of 60 micrometers.
- F21 (30 micrometers)
- F22 60 micrometers time (min) % 1-MPC released time (min) % 1-MCP released 10 20 10 9 30 32 30 16 60 44 60 22 120 53 120 30 195 59 195 38 1200 77 1200 67
- Formulation F22 had slower release of 1-MCP than Formulation F21.
- Tests were conducted using the tank of a HardiTM ES-50 commercial sprayer.
- the capacity of the tank was 191 liter (50 gallon).
- Comparative Formulation CF31 was identical to CF11. CF31 was added to 191 liters of tap water in the tank. Concentration of 1-MCP in the tank was 25 mg/liter.
- Formulation F32 was made as follows. Coated Powder was made using AP1 (10% by weight), WX1 (89.5% by weight), and DP1 (0.5% DP1), using Procedure P1. The powder blend was made as follows: Coated powder was blended with 1.9% (by weight based on the weight of powder blend) SLS (powder) and 4.8% SS2 (by weight based on the weight of powder blend). 191 liter of tap water containing 0.025% SS1, by volume based on the volume of the tap water, was added to the tank. Then some of the water was removed and used to form a slurry with Formulation F32, and the slurry was then added to the remaining water in the tank, with agitation. Concentration of 1-MCP in the tank was 25 mg/liter.
- Coated Powders were made using Procedure P1. 0.6 gram of each coated powder was added to 10 ml of SOL1 and placed in a 250 ml bottle and analyzed using procedure P2. The coated powders were as follows (by weight percent).
- Coated Powders were made using Procedure P1. 0.1 gram of each coated powder was added to 10 ml of SOL1 and placed in a 250 ml bottle and analyzed using procedure P2. The coated powders were as follows (by weight percent).
- Tomato epinasty tests were performed as follows: Tomatoes (Rutgers 39 Variety Harris Seeds No 885 Lot 37729-A3) were grown in 21 ⁇ 2′′ square pots filled with a commercial potting mix. Two seeds were place in each pot. Plants that had expanded first true leaves and were between 3 and 5 inches high were used for the tomato epinasty test. To conduct the assay, a group of pots was placed on a table in a spray booth, and a moving nozzle sprayed a liquid spray composition onto the plants, which were then allowed to dry in a greenhouse.
- treated and untreated plants were placed into a plastic box and sealed.
- ethylene was injected through a septum, which gave a concentration of 14 ppm.
- the plants were held sealed for 12-14 hours in the dark with ethylene in the atmosphere.
- the box was opened and scored for epinasty. The petiole angle of the third leaf is reported. For each type of treatment, five replicate plants were tested, and the average is reported.
- Comparative Formulation CF61 contained 1-MCP encapsulated in alpha-cyclodextrin and contained oil but no FC50. DF61 was mixed with water prior to spraying.
- Coated Powders were made by Procedure P1 as follows: Coated Powder F62 was the same as F32, including blending with SLS and SS1, as described herein above in Example 3.
- Coated Powder F63 was prepared the same way as F62, including blending with SLS and SS1, except that the coated powder in F63 contained 69.25% WX1, 30% AP1, and 0.75% DP2, by weight based on the weight of the coated powder. Each of F62 and F63 was placed in a solution; that solution was 0.038% SS1 in water, by volume based on the volume of the solution.
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US20140271758A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Syngenta Crop Protection Llc | Overcoated powder particles |
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US10182567B2 (en) | 2011-03-27 | 2019-01-22 | Cellresin Technologies, Llc | Cyclodextrin compositions, articles, and methods |
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CN104822750A (zh) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-08-05 | 农鲜股份有限公司 | 用于将挥发性化合物双重封装的组合物和方法 |
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