US20110253128A1 - Solar heat exchanger - Google Patents

Solar heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110253128A1
US20110253128A1 US13/141,827 US200913141827A US2011253128A1 US 20110253128 A1 US20110253128 A1 US 20110253128A1 US 200913141827 A US200913141827 A US 200913141827A US 2011253128 A1 US2011253128 A1 US 2011253128A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat
light receiving
melting
receiving plate
silicon carbide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/141,827
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Katsushige Nakamura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitaka Kohki Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitaka Kohki Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitaka Kohki Co Ltd filed Critical Mitaka Kohki Co Ltd
Assigned to MITAKA KOHKI CO., LTD., reassignment MITAKA KOHKI CO., LTD., ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NAKAMURA, KATSUSHIGE
Publication of US20110253128A1 publication Critical patent/US20110253128A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar heat exchanger.
  • the downwardly reflected solar beams directly heat, for example, a metallic coil to change water circulated inside the coil into vapor.
  • a metallic color of the surface of the metallic coil reflects solar beams to hinder efficient heat exchange.
  • the surface of the metallic coil is heated with solar beams to very high temperatures, and therefore, a black coating, should it be applied to the surface, will easily peel off.
  • the present invention provides a solar heat exchanger capable of efficiently converting solar beams into heat.
  • a structure includes a top-open, heat-resistant container that holds a low-melting-point heating medium and a light receiving plate that is supported on and is in contact with the surface of the low-melting-point heating medium. It is characterized in that the light receiving plate is made of solid silicon carbide, or solid carbon material entirely coated with a silicon carbide film.
  • FIG. 1 is a general view illustrating a solar concentration apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating a heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a light receiving plate and heat-resistant container.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view illustrating a silicon carbide film on the surface of the light receiving plate and heat-resistant container.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 are views illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Numeral 1 represents an elliptic mirror serving as a center mirror that is supported with a support tower (not illustrated) at a predetermined height in a downwardly oriented state.
  • a circular opening 1 a is formed at the center of the elliptic mirror 1 .
  • the elliptic mirror 1 has a mirror surface that is defined as a part of an ellipsoid, and under the same, there are a first focus A and a second focus B.
  • a heat exchanger 2 is arranged to convert solar beams L into heat energy.
  • At an upper part of the heat exchanger 2 there is a collector mirror 3 substantially having a tapered cylindrical shape.
  • many heliostats 4 are arranged to surround the elliptic mirror 1 .
  • Each of the heliostats 4 is controlled by a sensor system (not illustrated) so that solar beams L reflected by the heliostat 4 may pass through the first focus A. Once the solar beams L reflected by the heliostats 4 pass through the first focus A, the solar beams are downwardly reflected by the elliptic mirror 1 , are always collected at the second focus B, and reach the heat exchanger 2 through the collector mirror 3 .
  • the heat exchanger 2 has a box 6 that has an opening 5 at the top thereof and is made of autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC).
  • the collector mirror 3 is arranged at the opening 5 .
  • a heat-resistant container 7 made of black carbon material.
  • tin 8 serving as a low-melting-point heating medium.
  • a light receiving plate 9 made of black carbon material floats.
  • a heat exchanging pipe 10 meanders.
  • water W serving as a heat conducting medium is supplied from one side and vapor S is discharged from the other side.
  • the heat-resistant container 7 has an open top shape having a tapered side face that upwardly widens from a circular bottom.
  • the black carbon material that forms the heat-resistant container 7 is entirely coated with a silicon carbide (SiC) film 11 .
  • the light receiving plate 9 floating on the surface of the tin 8 has a disk shape and is made of black carbon material entirely coated with a silicon carbide film 11 .
  • the silicon carbide film 11 itself is black, and therefore, the solar beams L collected by the collector mirror 3 and received by the light receiving plate 9 are absorbed at a high absorption ratio (about 95%) and are changed into heat.
  • the heat changed by the light receiving plate 9 is conducted to the tin 8 that becomes molten when the temperature thereof reaches a melting point (232° C.).
  • the molten tin 8 in a wet state contacts the light receiving plate 9 and pipe 10 , to increase heat conduction efficiency to surely convert the water W passing through the pipe 10 into vapor S.
  • the black carbon material that forms the light receiving plate 9 is smaller in specific gravity than the tin 8 , and therefore, the light receiving plate 9 floats on the surface of the tin 8 and never sinks into the tin 8 even if the tin 8 becomes molten.
  • the light receiving plate 9 is entirely coated with the silicon carbide film 11 .
  • the silicon carbide film 11 itself is highly heat resistive and prevents the inside black carbon material from contacting air, and therefore, the black carbon material never burn even if the light receiving plate 9 is heated to high temperatures.
  • the heat-resistant container 7 is also coated with the silicon carbide film 11 , and when an exposed part thereof receives solar beams L, the part absorbs the solar beams L and converts the same into heat to heat the tin 8 .
  • the tin 8 In a first stage of the tin 8 receiving heat from the light receiving plate 9 , the tin 8 is solid and expands due to the heat. At this time, if the tin 8 and an inner face of the heat-resistant container 7 are tightly attached to each other, stress may concentrate on part of the tin 8 and heat-resistant container 7 , to partly distort or break the container.
  • the embodiment forms the heat-resistant container 7 with black carbon material coated with the silicon carbide film 11 .
  • contact force between the tin and the container is weaker so that the tin 8 may easily slide on the inner face of the heat-resistant container 7 .
  • the heat-resistant container 7 has an upwardly widening tapered shape to allow the solid tin 8 to slide upwardly. As a result, the tin 8 and heat-resistant container 7 will have no part where stress concentration occurs to cause partial distortion or breakage.
  • the light receiving plate 9 and heat-resistant container 7 are made of black carbon material coated with the silicon carbide film 11 . Instead, they may entirely be made of silicon carbide. Although one piece of the light receiving plate 9 is floated on the surface of the tin 8 , a plurality of small light receiving plates 9 may be floated thereon.
  • water W passes through the pipe 10 and is converted into vapor S.
  • the pipe 10 may pass air as the heat conducting fluid.
  • the air passing through the pipe 10 is heated to high temperatures and is circulated through another apparatus to conduct the heat from the tin 8 to the apparatus.
  • low-melting-point metal such as lead and solder may be used as the low-melting-point heating medium.
  • FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment and embodiments that follow employ structural elements that are similar to those of the first embodiment. Accordingly, similar structural elements are represented with common marks to omit overlapping explanations.
  • a heat exchanger 12 has a heat-resistant container 13 that is made of stainless steel.
  • a light receiving plate 14 is of an open-top type having a tapered side face that upwardly widens from a circular bottom.
  • molten salt 15 serving as a low-melting-point heating medium.
  • the molten salt 15 is a mixture of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate and becomes liquid at a melting point of about 140° C.
  • a flange 16 is fixed to press from above the light receiving plate 14 that may rise due to buoyancy.
  • there is a pipe 17 In the molten salt 15 , there is a pipe 17 .
  • the light receiving plate 14 has an open top shape to realize a large area to receive solar beams L.
  • a contact area thereof to the molten salt 15 is also large. Accordingly, the molten salt 15 can quickly be put in a molten state. Side faces of the light receiving plate 14 and heat-resistant container 13 are inclined into a tapered shape and the molten salt 15 is heated even around the bottom of the heat-resistant container 13 . Due to this, the molten salt 15 in a molten state easily circulates due to convection, to relax temperature variations and further improve heat exchanging efficiency.
  • the molten salt 15 is inexpensive compared with, for example, tin, to provide an advantage in terms of cost.
  • the molten salt 15 may be used alone, or may be mixed with solid heat storage material that does not melt when heated.
  • the light receiving plate floating on the surface of a low-melting-point heating medium and receiving solar beams is made of solid silicon carbide, or solid carbon material entirely coated with a silicon carbide film. Due to the silicon carbide film, the surface of the light receiving plate is black to improve an absorption ratio of solar beams.
  • the light receiving plate is formed with the silicon carbide film at least at the surface thereof, and therefore, demonstrates excellent heat resistance.
  • the low-melting-point heating medium melts to become a liquid heat source that may take any shape depending on the shape of the heat-resistant container. This increases a contact area and improves heat exchange efficiency.
  • the low-melting-point heating medium may be low-melting-point metal selected from any one of tin, lead, and solder, to serve as a high-temperature liquid heat source.
  • the low-melting-point heating medium may be molten salt that is advantageous in terms of cost.
  • the heat-resistant container has a tapered shape that upwardly widens. Even if the low-melting-point heating medium causes in a solid state a volume change due to thermal expansion during heating or cooling, the low-melting-point heating medium easily slides on the inner face of the heat-resistant container, to cause no stress concentration at any part of the low-melting-point heating medium and heat-resistant container. Accordingly, the low-melting-point heating medium and heat-resistant container never cause partial distortion or breakage.
  • the heat-resistant container is made of solid silicon carbide, or solid carbon material entirely coated with a silicon carbide film, and therefore, even the heat-resistant container can absorb, at its exposed part, solar beams and can change them into heat.
  • contact force a mutual action at an interface
  • the container is weaker so that the low-melting-point heating medium may easily slide when thermal expansion occurs, thereby reducing stress on the heat-resistant container.
  • the light receiving plate has an open top container shape, to increase a light receiving area and an area in contact with the low-melting-point heating medium, so that the low-melting-point heating medium may quickly be put in a molten state.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US13/141,827 2008-12-24 2009-12-24 Solar heat exchanger Abandoned US20110253128A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008-327647 2008-12-24
JP2008327647 2008-12-24
PCT/JP2009/071427 WO2010074141A1 (ja) 2008-12-24 2009-12-24 太陽光線熱変換装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110253128A1 true US20110253128A1 (en) 2011-10-20

Family

ID=42287748

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/141,827 Abandoned US20110253128A1 (en) 2008-12-24 2009-12-24 Solar heat exchanger

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20110253128A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5156842B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN102257331A (ja)
AU (1) AU2009331219B2 (ja)
SG (1) SG172326A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2010074141A1 (ja)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110114082A1 (en) * 2009-07-27 2011-05-19 Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd. Heat exchanging structure of solar heat exchanger
US20150090251A1 (en) * 2012-04-03 2015-04-02 Magaldi Industrie S.R.L. Device, system and method for high level of energetic efficiency for the storage and use of thermal energy of solar origin
EP2799794A4 (en) * 2011-12-29 2015-08-26 Quantrill Estate Inc DEVICE FOR CONCENTRATING ENERGY
US9291371B1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2016-03-22 Gary M. Lauder Light-admitting heliostat
US20160209634A1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2016-07-21 Gary M. Lauder Light-admitting heliostat
US20170242173A1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2017-08-24 Japan Display Inc. Display device
EP3571448A4 (en) * 2017-01-19 2020-10-07 The University of Adelaide CONCENTRATED SOLAR RECEIVER AND REACTOR SYSTEMS WITH HEAT TRANSFER FLUID

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102607187B (zh) * 2011-01-24 2014-11-05 三鹰光器株式会社 太阳光线热转换装置用的热交换结构
ES2417079B1 (es) * 2011-08-01 2014-09-22 Carlos GALDÓN CABRERA Receptor de radiación solar
JP2013245877A (ja) * 2012-05-25 2013-12-09 Soken Technics Kk 太陽光熱媒体加熱装置
JP6217976B2 (ja) * 2014-02-26 2017-10-25 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 屎処理装置及び屎処理方法

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053326A (en) * 1974-07-31 1977-10-11 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Photovoltaic cell
US4111189A (en) * 1977-01-03 1978-09-05 Cities Service Company Combined solar radiation collector and thermal energy storage device
US4263895A (en) * 1977-10-17 1981-04-28 Sanders Associates, Inc. Solar energy receiver
US4265224A (en) * 1980-04-07 1981-05-05 Meyer Stanley A Multi-stage solar storage system
US4402306A (en) * 1980-03-27 1983-09-06 Mcelroy Jr Robert C Thermal energy storage methods and processes
US4407268A (en) * 1980-04-03 1983-10-04 Jardin Albert C Solar furnace
US4449515A (en) * 1979-07-16 1984-05-22 Seige Corporation Apparatus for collecting, intensifying and storing solar energy
US4452232A (en) * 1982-12-17 1984-06-05 David Constant V Solar heat boiler
US4479485A (en) * 1982-04-14 1984-10-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Power efficiency for very high temperature solar thermal cavity receivers
US4619244A (en) * 1983-03-25 1986-10-28 Marks Alvin M Solar heater with cavity and phase-change material
US5167218A (en) * 1986-03-31 1992-12-01 David Deakin Solar collector having absorber plate formed by spraying molten metal
US5862800A (en) * 1996-09-27 1999-01-26 Boeing North American, Inc. Molten nitrate salt solar central receiver of low cycle fatigue 625 alloy
US7077124B2 (en) * 2003-07-22 2006-07-18 Kazimierz Szymocha Wall integrated thermal solar collector with heat storage capacity

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4854518A (ja) * 1971-11-12 1973-07-31
JP3701264B2 (ja) * 2002-07-05 2005-09-28 三鷹光器株式会社 太陽光集光システム用のヘリオスタットおよびその制御方法

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053326A (en) * 1974-07-31 1977-10-11 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Photovoltaic cell
US4111189A (en) * 1977-01-03 1978-09-05 Cities Service Company Combined solar radiation collector and thermal energy storage device
US4263895A (en) * 1977-10-17 1981-04-28 Sanders Associates, Inc. Solar energy receiver
US4449515A (en) * 1979-07-16 1984-05-22 Seige Corporation Apparatus for collecting, intensifying and storing solar energy
US4402306A (en) * 1980-03-27 1983-09-06 Mcelroy Jr Robert C Thermal energy storage methods and processes
US4407268A (en) * 1980-04-03 1983-10-04 Jardin Albert C Solar furnace
US4265224A (en) * 1980-04-07 1981-05-05 Meyer Stanley A Multi-stage solar storage system
US4479485A (en) * 1982-04-14 1984-10-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Power efficiency for very high temperature solar thermal cavity receivers
US4452232A (en) * 1982-12-17 1984-06-05 David Constant V Solar heat boiler
US4619244A (en) * 1983-03-25 1986-10-28 Marks Alvin M Solar heater with cavity and phase-change material
US5167218A (en) * 1986-03-31 1992-12-01 David Deakin Solar collector having absorber plate formed by spraying molten metal
US5862800A (en) * 1996-09-27 1999-01-26 Boeing North American, Inc. Molten nitrate salt solar central receiver of low cycle fatigue 625 alloy
US7077124B2 (en) * 2003-07-22 2006-07-18 Kazimierz Szymocha Wall integrated thermal solar collector with heat storage capacity

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110114082A1 (en) * 2009-07-27 2011-05-19 Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd. Heat exchanging structure of solar heat exchanger
US8985096B2 (en) * 2009-07-27 2015-03-24 Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd. Heat exchanging structure including solar heat converter
US9291371B1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2016-03-22 Gary M. Lauder Light-admitting heliostat
US20160209634A1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2016-07-21 Gary M. Lauder Light-admitting heliostat
US9909730B2 (en) * 2010-09-27 2018-03-06 Gary M. Lauder Processor-controlled light-admitting heliostat
EP2799794A4 (en) * 2011-12-29 2015-08-26 Quantrill Estate Inc DEVICE FOR CONCENTRATING ENERGY
US20150090251A1 (en) * 2012-04-03 2015-04-02 Magaldi Industrie S.R.L. Device, system and method for high level of energetic efficiency for the storage and use of thermal energy of solar origin
US20170242173A1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2017-08-24 Japan Display Inc. Display device
EP3571448A4 (en) * 2017-01-19 2020-10-07 The University of Adelaide CONCENTRATED SOLAR RECEIVER AND REACTOR SYSTEMS WITH HEAT TRANSFER FLUID

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2009331219B2 (en) 2013-08-29
SG172326A1 (en) 2011-07-28
JP5156842B2 (ja) 2013-03-06
JPWO2010074141A1 (ja) 2012-06-21
CN102257331A (zh) 2011-11-23
WO2010074141A1 (ja) 2010-07-01
AU2009331219A1 (en) 2011-07-21

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AS Assignment

Owner name: MITAKA KOHKI CO., LTD.,, JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NAKAMURA, KATSUSHIGE;REEL/FRAME:026490/0180

Effective date: 20110408

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION