US20110047976A1 - Exhaust gas treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Exhaust gas treatment apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110047976A1
US20110047976A1 US12/868,034 US86803410A US2011047976A1 US 20110047976 A1 US20110047976 A1 US 20110047976A1 US 86803410 A US86803410 A US 86803410A US 2011047976 A1 US2011047976 A1 US 2011047976A1
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Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
electrode
gas treatment
treatment apparatus
dust collection
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Abandoned
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US12/868,034
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English (en)
Inventor
Masahiro Tokuda
Takeshi Sakuma
Takashi Egami
Atsuo Kondo
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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Assigned to NGK INSULATORS, LTD. reassignment NGK INSULATORS, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Egami, Takashi, KONDO, ATSUO, SAKUMA, TAKESHI, TOKUDA, MASAHIRO
Publication of US20110047976A1 publication Critical patent/US20110047976A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • B03C3/0175—Amassing particles by electric fields, e.g. agglomeration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0892—Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode has multiple serrated ends or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/12—Cleaning the device by burning the trapped particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/30—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for use in or with vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to exhaust gas treatment apparatus capable of decreasing the number of the particulates present in exhaust gas by agglomerating the particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas.
  • an exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating exhaust gas containing PM as described above there is disclosed, for example, an apparatus where PM is electrically collected by adsorbing PM onto a positively electrified body with negatively electrifying the PM by the electrified body after the PM is agglomerated by allowing the PM to collide against a collision guide member provided inside the flow passage where exhaust gas passes (see, e.g., JP-A-2001-41024).
  • the PM passed through the positively electrified body is collected in the filter downstream and incinerated and removed by applying current to the positively electrified body to allow it to function as a heater.
  • Such an exhaust gas treatment apparatus has a defect of increase in pressure loss because of complex flow passage constitution, and manufacturing of the apparatus is not easy. In addition, since sufficient agglomeration effect cannot be obtained, the particulate matter passes through the apparatus and is released without being agglomerated.
  • an exhaust gas treatment apparatus provided with an agglomerator which electrifies particulate matter in exhaust gas by charge by corona discharge and agglomerates the particulate matter in an electrode collecting the charge by disposing two kinds of electrodes of charge emission and charge collection communicating the charge by corona discharge due to the application of a high voltage between them as an agglomerator for agglomerating particulate matter (PM) in exhaust gas in an exhaust gas passage which is formed by an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine and where exhaust gas circulates in the axial direction of the exhaust pipe in such a manner that a charge communication portion of the first electrode is located in almost the central portion in the diametral direction of the exhaust gas passage (see, e.g., JP-A-2005-320955).
  • PM particulate matter
  • an agglomerator for exhaust gas treatment apparatus used for an exhaust gas treatment apparatus as described above and agglomerating the exhaust gas PM charged by corona discharge by an agglomeration portion
  • an agglomerator for an exhaust gas treatment apparatus provided with the first conductive body disposed on the downstream side of the exhaust gas stream of the electrified portion in the agglomeration portion with applying a voltage to the first conductive body to have a positive electric potential (see, e.g., JP-A-2005-324094).
  • an exhaust gas purification apparatus provided with a PM agglomeration means generating particulate matter (agglomerated PM) having a large particle diameter by agglomerating the particulate matter contained in exhaust gas of an engine and PM trapping means disposed downstream of the exhaust gas flow direction of the PM agglomeration means and trapping the agglomerated PM agglomerated by the PM agglomeration means (see, e.g., JP-A-2006-29267).
  • agglomerated PM particulate matter having a large particle diameter by agglomerating the particulate matter contained in exhaust gas of an engine
  • PM trapping means disposed downstream of the exhaust gas flow direction of the PM agglomeration means and trapping the agglomerated PM agglomerated by the PM agglomeration means
  • a high voltage is applied to the first conductive body constituting the agglomeration portion to draw the electrified particulate matter. It can shorten the moving distance of the electrified particulate matter and has high agglomeration effect in comparison with the exhaust gas treatment apparatus disposed in the JP-A-2005-320955.
  • constitution of the electrode (the electrified portion and the agglomeration portion) is extremely complex to make it difficult to use it for an automobile or the like where large vibrations and the like are applied.
  • a PM agglomeration means used for the exhaust gas purification apparatus described in the JP-A-2006-29267 accelerates the particulate matter in the exhaust gas flow direction like the exhaust gas treatment apparatus described in the JP-A-2005-320955. Therefore, there is a problem that the effect in agglomerating the particulate matter is small to be almost impossible to agglomerate the particulate matter practically.
  • the exhaust gas treatment apparatuses described in the aforementioned JP-A-2005-320955, JP-A-2005-324094, and JP-A-2006-29267 have been developed in order to treat exhaust gas containing a relatively large amount of particulate matter of a diesel engine or the like.
  • the number of the particulates to be agglomerated is small, and the particle diameters of the particulates are small. Therefore, the effect in agglomerating the particulate matter is further reduced.
  • a new standard by EURO 6 is supposed to be applied as an exhaust gas regulation from 2012, and there is desired the development of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus capable of corresponding with a vehicle provided with a gasoline engine as a driving mechanism.
  • a gasoline engine has a low torque, if a filter increasing pressure loss of exhaust gas is disposed in an exhaust system, knocking is easily caused to cause an engine trouble or the like. Therefore, there is desired the development of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus provided with a mechanism which hardly charge a burden on an engine or the like.
  • the present invention has been made in order to solve the aforementioned problems of prior art and aims to provide an exhaust gas treatment apparatus capable of decreasing the number of the particulates contained in exhaust gas by agglomerating the particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas.
  • the problems can be solved by decreasing the number of particulates present in the exhaust gas by charging the particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas by discharge, collecting the charged particulate matter on the inner wall face of a flow passage by the electric field generated over the range of the predetermined length from the central portion of the flow passage where exhaust gas passes toward the inner wall face, and allowing the agglomerated particulate matter to scatter again; which led to the completion of the present invention.
  • the following exhaust gas treatment apparatuses are provided.
  • An exhaust gas treatment apparatus comprising: a tubular body functioning as a flow passage where exhaust gas passes, a discharge electrode disposed in an central portion in a cross section perpendicular to a flow direction of the flow passage inside the tubular body and causing corona discharge in the vicinity thereof by applying a voltage, and a stick-shaped dust collection electrode disposed over the range of a length of at least twice the inner diameter of the tubular body along the central axial direction of the flow passage on the downstream side of the discharge electrode in the flow passage and generating an electric field from the central axis of the flow passage to an inner wall face of the tubular body; wherein the number of the particulates suspended in the exhaust gas is decreased by charging the particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas passing through the tubular body by corona discharge caused by the discharge electrode, collecting the charged particulate matter on the inner wall face of the tubular body by the electric field generated by the dust collection electrode to agglomerate the plural particulates, and allowing the agglomerated particulates to scatter again
  • An exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention can decrease the number of the particulates present in exhaust gas by agglomerating the particulate matter contained in exhaust gas.
  • an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention can decrease the number of the particulates even without disposing a filter or the like causing increase in pressure loss of the exhaust system, it can suitably be used as an exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating exhaust gas discharged from a gasoline engine or the like where a harmful influence is caused by disposing a filter or the like causing increase in pressure loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view from the upstream side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the A-A′ cross section of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically explaining the process of treating exhaust gas by one embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a front view schematically showing an example of a discharge electrode used for an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of the discharge electrode shown in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory view schematically explaining the process of treating exhaust gas by another embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a side view schematically showing an example of a porcelain bushing used for an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of the porcelain bushing shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a side view schematically showing another example of a porcelain bushing used for an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a top view of the porcelain bushing shown in FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is an explanatory view schematically explaining the process of treating exhaust gas by another embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15A is a graph showing the change of the number of the particulates on the outlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Example 1.
  • FIG. 15B is a graph showing the change of the number of the particulates on the outlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Example 1.
  • FIG. 15C is a graph showing the change of the number of the particulates on the outlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Example 1.
  • FIG. 15D is a graph showing the change of the number of the particulates on the outlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Example 1.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph showing an enlarged portion showing the number of the particulates of 0.07 to 6.27 ⁇ m in a graph shown in FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 17A is a graph showing the measurement results for 10 seconds of each particle diameter in measurement of the number of the particulates.
  • FIG. 17B is a graph showing enlarged results of the measurement of the number of the particulates having a particle diameter of 0.20 to 6.27 ⁇ m in FIG. 17A .
  • FIG. 17C is a graph showing an enlarged results of the measurement of the number of the particulates having a particle diameter of 1.23 to 6.27 ⁇ m in FIG. 17A .
  • FIG. 18A is a graph showing the change ratio (%) of the number of the particulates having a particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.70 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 18B is a graph showing the change ratio (%) of the number of the particulates having a particle diameter of 1.23 to 3.06 ⁇ m.
  • 1 a, 1 b, 1 c exhaust gas treatment apparatus
  • 10 tubular body
  • 10 a inner wall face
  • 12 discharge electrode
  • 12 a electrode support
  • 12 b discharger (needle-like discharger)
  • 14 dust collection electrode
  • 16 porcelain bushing
  • 18 19
  • voltage introduction portion 20
  • 20 exhaust gas
  • 22 particulate matter
  • 22 a particulate matter (charged particulate matter)
  • 22 b particulate matter (agglomerated particulate matter)
  • 24 corona discharge
  • 26 electric field
  • 32 second discharge electrode
  • 34 unevenness
  • FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view from the upstream side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the A-A′ cross section of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically explaining the process of treating exhaust gas by one embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of a cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 1 a of the present embodiment is provided with a tubular body 10 functioning as a flow passage where exhaust gas 20 passes, a discharge electrode 12 disposed in an central portion in a cross section perpendicular to a flow direction of the flow passage inside the tubular body 10 and causing corona discharge 24 in the vicinity thereof by applying a voltage (specifically, high voltage), and a stick-shaped dust collection electrode 14 disposed over the range of a length of at least twice the inner diameter of the tubular body 10 along the central axial direction of the flow passage on the downstream side of the discharge electrode 12 in the flow passage and generating an electric field from the central axis of the flow passage to the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 .
  • a voltage specifically, high voltage
  • the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 1 a of the present embodiment charges the particulate matter 22 contained in exhaust gas 20 passing through the tubular body 10 by corona discharge 24 caused by the aforementioned discharge electrode 12 , collects the charged particulate matter 22 a on the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 by the electric field 26 generated by the dust collection electrode 14 to agglomerate plural particulates 22 a, and allows the agglomerated particulates 22 b to scatter again, thereby decreasing the number of the particulates 22 suspended in the exhaust gas 20 .
  • the electric field 26 generated by the dust collection electrode 14 is radially generated in a cross section of the flow passage over the entire region in the flow direction of the range of the length of the dust collection electrode 14 disposed therein.
  • the arrows with dotted lines shown by the number 26 in FIG. 4 show the direction of the electric field 26 generated by the dust collection electrode 14 .
  • the charged particulate matter 22 a is drawn to the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 in sequence.
  • the trapped plural particulates are agglomerated by the Coulomb's force to form an aggregate of the plural particulates 22 b .
  • the particulates 22 b bloated by agglomeration up to a certain size has increased mass and is unable to stay (i.e. to keep being trapped) on the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 to be discharged toward the downstream side on stream of the exhaust gas 20 .
  • the apparent number of the particulates 22 present in the exhaust gas 20 is decreased.
  • the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment traps the particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas on the inner wall face of the tubular body by charging the particulate matter to agglomerate plural particulates to be bloated, followed by allowing the particulate matter to scatter again, thereby decreasing the number (apparent number) of the particulate matter in the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment can decrease the number of the particulates even without disposing a filter or the like causing rise in pressure loss of the exhaust system and can agglomerate the particulate matter in a good condition even in the case that the number of the particulates of the exhaust gas is small.
  • the apparatus for treating exhaust gas containing particulate matter in a relatively large amount such as a diesel engine
  • the apparatus for treating exhaust gas discharged from a gasoline engine it can suitably be used.
  • the aforementioned “apparent number” means the number of the particles bloated by agglomerating plural particulates when each of the bloated particles is counted as one.
  • a stick-shaped dust collection electrode 14 generating an electric field from the central axis of the flow passage to the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 is disposed along the central axial direction of the flow passage on the downstream side of the discharge electrode 12 to be able to trap the particulate matter 22 a charged by corona discharge caused by the discharge electrode 12 on the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 in a good condition.
  • the length by controlling the length to be at least twice the inner diameter of the tubular body 10 , there can be secured a distance capable of sufficiently drawing even the particulate matter 20 (more specifically, charged particulate matter 22 a ) moving in the vicinity of the central axis of the flow passage up to the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 .
  • the particulate matter 22 a is trapped on the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 , the pressure loss of the exhaust system can be reduced.
  • the length of the dust collection electrode 14 is below twice the inner diameter of the tubular body 10
  • the length range where the electric field 26 generated in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 20 i.e., range were the electric field 26 effective for drawing the particulate matter 22 a is generated
  • the effective electric field 26 is generated before the particulates are drawn up to the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 and discharged toward the downstream side without being agglomerated.
  • the length of the dust collection electrode it is preferably 2 to 5 times, more preferably 3 to 4 times, the inner diameter of the tubular body.
  • Such a constitution enables to agglomerate particulate matter in a good condition and to inhibit growing in size of the apparatus.
  • the length of the dust collection electrode 14 is above five times the inner diameter of the tubular body, the dust collection electrode becomes too long, and the size of the apparatus becomes large, which makes installation in an exhaust system of an automobile or the like difficult.
  • the length is above five times the inner diameter, there are increased the cases where the particles scattered by scattering again are trapped again on the inner wall of the tubular body. Even in such a case, the effect in decreasing the substantive number of particles cannot be expected.
  • the length of the dust collection electrode is at most five times the inner diameter of the tubular body, though it depends on the number of a very large number of particles in the charged particulates, for example, the number of particulates in exhaust gas and the flow rate of exhaust gas, in a general vehicle provided with a gasoline engine as a drive mechanism, about 90% reduction (in terms of the number) is possible by once trapping particles in the exhaust gas and agglomerating the particulate matter.
  • a particle counter is disposed on the downstream side of the dust collection electrode of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus to measure the number of the particulates in the exhaust gas.
  • An example of the aforementioned particle counter is the Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (hereinbelow sometimes referred to as “ELPI”) produced by Dekati Ltd. According to such ELPI, measurement (sampling) of the number of particulates having a particle diameter of 0.007 to 10 ⁇ m in the particulate matter is possible.
  • the particulates are classified by the following particle diameters: 0.007 to 0.014, 0.014 to 0.0396, 0.0396 to 0.0718, 0.0718 to 0.119, 0.119 to 0.200, 0.200 to 0.315, 0.315 to 0.482, 0.482 to 0.760, 0.760 to 1.23, 1.23 to 1.95, 1.95 to 3.08, 3.08 to 6.27 (unit of ⁇ m).
  • a particle counter is disposed on the downstream side of the dust collection electrode of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus, and the number of the particulates in the exhaust gas is measured (sampled) in each of the case of applying a voltage in each of the electrodes (upon applying a voltage) and the case of applying no voltage (upon applying no voltage).
  • the total number (total discharge number) of the particulates discharged from the downstream side is calculated out.
  • the ratio of the number of the particulates reduced by the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment can be obtained.
  • an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment there is no particular limitation on the flow rate of the exhaust gas to be treated, and the number of the particulates can be decreased in a good condition with an exhaust gas flow rate of, for example, 200 m/second or less.
  • the exhaust gas flow rate upon running of a general vehicle provided with a gasoline engine as a drive mechanism is 150 m/second (in the case of 2L engine, 6000 revolutions, and exhaust gas temperature of about 600° C.), even in such a vehicle, the treatment of exhaust gas can be performed in a good condition by the use of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment.
  • the tubular body is connected to an exhaust system where exhaust gas being discharged from an internal combustion engine or the like and containing particulate matter passes to function as a flow passage where exhaust gas passes.
  • Such a tubular body may be connected independently to the exhaust pipe for discharging exhaust gas from the internal engine, or a part of the exhaust pipe provided on the internal combustion engine may be used as the tubular body in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment.
  • a discharge electrode and a dust collection electrode are disposed inside the tubular body, and inside of the tubular body is conducted a treatment where (1) the particulate matter is charged by corona discharge, (2) the charged particulate matter is trapped on the inner wall face of the tubular body by an electric field, (3) plural trapped particulates are agglomerated, and (4) the agglomerated particulates are scattered again.
  • Such a tubular body is used as not only a flow passage where exhaust gas passes, but also the opposed electrode to generate an electric field between the electrode and the dust collection electrode. Therefore, the tubular body is preferably constituted of a conductive material. Further, such a tubular body can be used also as the opposed electrode of the discharge electrode. Incidentally, when the tubular body is used as the opposed electrode of the dust collection electrode or the like, the tubular body is preferably grounded.
  • tubular body there can suitably be used a body made of a conductive material such as stainless and iron used for an exhaust pipe of an automobile.
  • the length of the tubular body there is no particular limitation on the length of the tubular body as long as the tubular body has a length where the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode having a predetermined length are disposed and where the exhaust gas treatment from the charge of the particulate matter to the re-scattering of the aforementioned (1) to (4) can be performed in the tubular body.
  • the tubular body preferably has a cylindrical shape having a straight central axis. Such a constitution can effectively inhibit rise in pressure loss due to the disposition of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus in the exhaust system.
  • the discharge electrode is an electrode for generating corona discharge which charges the particulate matter in exhaust gas and disposed in the central portion in across section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage inside the tubular body.
  • the tubular body 10 as the opposed electrode of the discharged electrode 12 , the tubular body 10 (more specifically, the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 ) is used.
  • the discharge electrode is preferably constituted to be able to generate corona discharge in a region up to the inner wall face of the flow passage formed by the tubular body including the vicinity of the discharge electrode in such a manner that more particulate matter, preferably all the particular matter in the exhaust gas passing through the tubular body passes through the space where the corona discharge is generated.
  • the discharge electrode 12 is supported in the central portion of the flow passage by the porcelain bushing 16 passing through the wall face of the tubular body 10 and extended to the central portion in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage by means of the dust collection electrode 14 .
  • a voltage introduction portion 18 including a wire for applying a voltage (high voltage) to the discharge electrode 12 , and the voltage introduction portion 18 and the discharge electrode 12 are electrically connected with each other in a state that electrical insulation between the voltage introduction portion 18 and the tubular body 10 is secured.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show an example of the case where the discharge electrode 12 has a disk-like electrode support 12 a disposed perpendicularly to the flow direction of the flow passage and a needle-like discharger 12 b disposed perpendicularly to the electrode support 12 a (i.e., in parallel with the flow direction).
  • needle-like discharger means a discharger having a thin stick shape as the entire shape besides a discharger having a sharp pointed tip portion.
  • the central portion of the electrode support 12 a functions as a portion where a voltage from the voltage introduction portion 18 (see FIG. 1 ) is introduced. More specifically, in FIG. 3 , the dust collection electrode 14 is connected with the central portion of the electrode support 12 a, and the electrode support 12 a is electrically connected with the voltage introduction portion 18 by means of the dust collection electrode 14 .
  • FIG. 5 is a front view schematically showing an example of the discharge electrode used for an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of the discharge electrode shown in FIG. 5 .
  • 12 dischargers 12 b are disposed at regular intervals on the outside on each of the faces of the electrode support 12 a, and four dischargers 12 b are further disposed inside the positions of the 12 dischargers 12 b.
  • the four discharger 12 b disposed inside are longer than the 12 discharger 12 b disposed outside.
  • the shape of the discharge electrode is not limited to the aforementioned shape where needle-like dischargers are disposed on the electrode support, and, for example, a plurality of plate-like bodies each having at least one sharp blade edge-like side may be disposed on the electrode support.
  • the electric field concentrates on the blade edge of each plate-like body to cause corona discharge.
  • the material constituting the discharge electrode there can suitably be used the same material as that constituting an electrode having conventionally been used for an exhaust gas treatment apparatus performing agglomeration by charging the particulate matter in exhaust gas.
  • the material include stainless steel, iron, nickel, kovar, platinum, copper, gold, molybdenum, and tungsten.
  • the discharge electrode used for the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment preferably has a shape where more sharp portions are formed in a discharger portion so that the electric field may concentrate.
  • dischargers are radially disposed from the center of the cross section of the tubular body and that it has a shape causing no decrease in pressure.
  • the discharger 12 b shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 it is preferably constituted so that many practical discharge positions are present.
  • the dust collection electrode is an electrode for generating an electric field for trapping the particulate matter charged by corona discharge on the inner face of the tubular body and disposed over the length of twice or more than the inner diameter of the tubular body along the central axial direction of the flow passage on the downstream side of the discharge electrode in the flow passage.
  • the opposed electrode disposed so as to face the dust collection electrode is constituted of the tubular body.
  • the discharge electrode 12 and the dust collection electrode 14 are disposed in the state that they are electrically connected with each other, and, by applying a voltage on one of the discharge electrode 12 and the dust collection electrode 14 , the voltage is applied on each of the electrodes (i.e., the discharge electrodes 12 and the dust correction electrode 14 ).
  • the voltage introduction portion 18 is electrically connected to the stick-like dust collection electrode 14
  • the end portion on the upstream side of the stick-like dust collection electrode 14 is electrically connected to the disc-like electrode support 12 a constituting the discharge electrode 12 (see FIG. 5 ).
  • both the electrodes can be fixed in predetermined positions.
  • the dust collection electrode 14 and the discharge electrode 12 may be disposed in the state that they are electrically insulated to independently apply a voltage on each of the electrodes (the dust collection electrode 14 and the discharge electrode 12 ).
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory view schematically explaining the process of treating exhaust gas by another embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section similar to that of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view where a part of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 7 is enlarged.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 regarding the elements constituted in the same manner as those of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 1 a shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the same numerals are applied thereto to omit the explanations.
  • the discharge electrode 12 is supported in the central portion of the flow passage by the porcelain bushing 16 a passing through the wall face of the tubular body 10 and extended up to the central portion in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage and electrically connected with the voltage introduction portion 18 (voltage introduction portion for the discharge electrode).
  • the dust collection electrode 14 also is supported in the central portion of the flow passage by the two porcelain bushings 16 b each passing through the wall face of the tubular body 10 and extended up to the central portion in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage and electrically connected with the voltage introduction portion 19 (voltage introduction portion for the dust collection electrode).
  • the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 1 b constituted in such a manner, since a voltage can be applied independently on each of the discharge electrode 12 and the dust collection electrode 14 , it is possible that, for example, a voltage capable of causing corona discharge 24 suitable for charging the particulate matter 22 is applied on the discharge electrode 12 , while a voltage capable of generating an electric field 26 suitable for trapping the charged particulate matter 22 a on the inner wall face 10 a of the tubular body 10 is applied on the dust collection electrode 14 independently.
  • the dust collection electrode preferably has a stick-like shape where a diameter in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage is 0.1 to 0.5 times the inner diameter of the tubular body.
  • a diameter in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage is 0.1 to 0.5 times the inner diameter of the tubular body.
  • Such a constitution enables to increase the strength of the electric field generated inside the tubular body 10 .
  • the diameter of the dust collection electrode is below 0.1 times the inner diameter of tubular body, the dust collection electrode is too thin, and it is sometimes impossible to draw the charged particulate matter sufficiently to the inner wall face of the tubular body.
  • the diameter of the dust collection electrode is above 0.5 times the inner diameter of the tubular body, the size of the dust collection electrode occupying the flow passage is too large, and the pressure loss may be increased.
  • the diameter of the dust collection electrode is further preferably 0.3 to 0.5 times the inner diameter of the tubular body.
  • the material constituting the dust collection electrode is a conductive material, for example, stainless steel, iron, nickel, kovar, platinum, copper, gold, molybdenum, and tungsten.
  • the dust collection electrode used for the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment preferably has a shape where a high electric field can be generated in the tubular body without causing local corona discharge or the like even when a high voltage is applied thereon by reducing protruding portions of the surface as much as possible by, for example, chamfering the uneven portions of the surface.
  • the electrode members may have the hollow in the inside thereof.
  • At least one of the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode is supported in the central portion of the flow passage by a porcelain bushing passing through the wall face of the tubular body, being extended up to the central portion in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage, and having electrical insulation.
  • a porcelain bushing passing through the wall face of the tubular body, being extended up to the central portion in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage, and having electrical insulation.
  • Examples of the material for the porcelain bushing include alumina, cordierite, mullite, and glass, and alumina or the like excellent in insulation, thermal resistance, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and the like, can be used more suitably.
  • Such a porcelain bushing preferably has a constitution where a creeping discharge is not caused on the surface of the porcelain bushing upon applying a voltage on each of the electrodes.
  • a porcelain bushing 16 used for the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment one having a groove-like unevenness 34 formed on the surface thereof can suitably be used.
  • FIG. 9 is a side view schematically showing an example of a porcelain bushing used for an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of the porcelain bushing shown in FIG. 9 .
  • insulation breakdown may be caused between the tubular body and the discharge electrode or the dust collection electrode by the particulate matter adhering to the porcelain bushing to hinder the generation of the electric field for corona discharge or the dust collection. Therefore, for example, it may have a constitution having a heater disposed inside the porcelain bushing so that particulate matter adheres to the surface of the porcelain bushing can be combusted and removed by heating the heater.
  • a catalyst may have a constitution where a catalyst is applied on the surface of the porcelain bushing exposed inside the tubular body to be able to combust and remove adhering particulate matter by the heat of exhaust gas from an engine or the like when particulate matter adheres to the surface of the porcelain bushing.
  • a catalyst an oxidation catalyst used for purification of exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine or the like can suitably be used.
  • Suitable examples of the oxidation catalyst include a conventionally known oxidation catalyst containing platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), or the like.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 it may have a shape where the side portion exposed inside the tubular body of the porcelain bushing 16 protrudes toward the upstream side of the flow passage.
  • a porcelain bushing 16 thus constituted hardly hinders the flow of exhaust gas to reduce resistance of exhaust gas against the porcelain bushing 16 , and the particulate matter hardly adheres to the surface of the porcelain bushing 16 .
  • FIG. 11 is a side view schematically showing another example of a porcelain bushing used for an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a top view of the porcelain bushing shown in FIG. 11 .
  • an exhaust gas treatment apparatus may further be provided with the second discharge electrode 32 disposed in the central portion in across section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage on the downstream side of the tip portion on the flow passage upstream side of the dust collection electrode 14 and causing corona discharge in the periphery thereof by applying a voltage.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is an explanatory view schematically explaining the process of treating exhaust gas by another embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the same cross section as that of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view where a part of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 13 is enlarged.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 regarding the elements constituted in the same manner as those of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 1 a shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the same numerals are applied thereto to omit the explanations.
  • the second discharge electrode 32 is disposed in the end portion on the flow passage downstream side of the dust collection electrode 14 , and a voltage is applied on the second discharge electrode 32 by means of the dust collection electrode 14 .
  • the second discharge electrode 32 used for the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 1 c is constituted in the same manner as the discharge electrode 12 disposed in the end portion on the upstream side of the dust collection electrode 14 . That is, for example, as the discharge element 12 shown in FIGS.
  • the second discharge electrode 32 is constituted by a disc-like electrode support disposed perpendicularly to the flow direction of the flow passage and a plurality of needle-like discharger disposed perpendicularly to the electrode support (i.e., in parallel with the flow direction).
  • the second discharge electrode is disposed inside the tubular body, it may be constituted so that the second discharge electrode is disposed on the flow passage downstream side of the dust collection electrode in the state that the second discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode are electrically insulated from each other to be able to apply a voltage to the second discharge electrode independently though the illustration is omitted.
  • the voltage introduction portion is a member including a wire or the like for applying a voltage to the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode and connected to a power source (not illustrated) for causing corona discharge and generating an electric field for trapping the charged particulate matter.
  • a power source not illustrated
  • corona discharge and generating an electric field for trapping the charged particulate matter.
  • the exhaust gas treatment apparatus la of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 it passes through the porcelain bushing 16 passing through the wall face of the tubular body 10 from the outside of the tubular body 10 and extended up to the central portion in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow passage to be electrically connected to the electrode (dust collection electrode 14 in FIG. 3 ) disposed inside the tubular body 10 .
  • the powder source is for applying a voltage to the discharge electrode or the dust collection electrode, and, for example, a direct current power source (DC power source), a pulse power source, or the like may suitably be used.
  • a direct current power source DC power source
  • the same power source may be used for the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode, and different power sources may be used in the case that the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode are disposed in an electrically insulated state.
  • the power sources may be constituted in the same manner. However, it is preferable that the power source connected to the dust collection electrode can apply a higher voltage.
  • Specific values of the voltage applied on the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode and the electric power can suitably be determined so that suitable discharge and electric field can be generated depending on the size of the tubular body functioning as the flow passage; the flow amount and flow rate of the exhaust gas passing through the flow passage; the amount, size, number of the particulates contained in the exhaust gas; and the like.
  • the voltage is preferably 6 to 10 kV, more preferably 8 to 9 kV.
  • the electric power is preferably 2 to 30 W, more preferably 4 to 15 W.
  • the voltage for the discharge electrode is preferably 6 to 10 kV, more preferably 8 to 9 kV, and the voltage for the dust collection electrode is preferably 10 to 18 kV, more preferably 13 to 15 kV.
  • the power source of the discharge electrode is preferably 2 to 8 W, more preferably 4 to 6 W, and the power source of the dust collection electrode is preferably 10 to 40 W, more preferably 16 to 30 W.
  • the tubular body 10 had a circular cylindrical shape having a length of 300 mm in the exhaust gas flow direction, an outer diameter of 60.5 mm, and an inner diameter of 53.5 mm, and the material of the tubular body was stainless steel.
  • An alumina porcelain bushing 16 was disposed in the position of 30 mm from the end face on the upstream side of the flow direction of the tubular body 10 so that it passed through the tubular body 10 , and a voltage introduction portion 18 was disposed inside the porcelain bushing 16 .
  • a stick-shaped dust collection electrode 14 where discharge electrode 12 was disposed in the end portion of the upstream side was connected to the voltage introduction portion 18 to fix the discharge electrode 12 and the dust collection electrode 14 inside the tubular body 10 .
  • the discharge electrode 12 was constituted by the disc-like electrode support 12 and the 16 dischargers 12 b (12 dischargers at an angle of 30° outside, and 4 dischargers at an angle of 90° inside) disposed on the disc-like electric support 12 a.
  • the disc-like electrode support had a shape where 1/4 circles having a radius of 7 mm was gouged out of the ring-shaped support having the outer periphery of 20 mm so that a cross-shaped support having a width of 3 mm remains in the central portion.
  • through-holes each having a diameter of 1.5 mm were formed in portions where the dischargers were to be disposed, and the dischargers were disposed in the through-holes.
  • the electrode support was formed of stainless steel.
  • Each of the dischargers had a diameter of 1.5 mm with a sharp needle-like tip end and was formed of stainless steel.
  • Each of the 12 dischargers disposed on the outside had a length of protruding by 10 mm from the surface of the electrode support, and each of the 4 dischargers disposed on the inside had a length of protruding by 20 mm from the surface of the electrode support.
  • the dust collection electrode was a stick-like electrode having a length of 150 mm and a diameter of 20 mm of a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the length of the dust collection electrode was 2.8 times the inner diameter of the tubular body.
  • the thus constituted exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Example 1 was attached to a soot generator generating particulate matter by a burner with light oil being used as the fuel, and test exhaust gas (hereinbelow referred to as “exhaust gas” simply) at about 195° C. was introduced at a flow rate of 1.5 m 3 /min.
  • exhaust gas test exhaust gas
  • Table 1 a direct current voltage of 8 kV with an electric power of 16 W was applied on the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Example 1 to treat the exhaust gas.
  • the mass (g/hour) of the particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during treating the exhaust gas, the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), the mass (g/hour), and the average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of the particulates on the outlet side were measured.
  • the measurement results are shown in Table 2.
  • a particle counter (Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) produced by Dekati Ltd.) was equipped on the downstream side of the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode to measure the number of the discharged particulates by each particle diameter range on the downstream side of each electrode in the case that a voltage was applied on each electrode (upon applying a voltage) and in the case that no voltage was applied (upon applying no voltage). Then, from the sum of the measurement data for each particle diameter range, the total number (total discharge number) of the particulate matter discharged from the downstream side was calculated out.
  • ELPI Electro Mechanical Low Pressure Impactor
  • particles having the diameter of 0.007 to 10 ⁇ m were measured and classified into the particulate diameter regions of 0.007 to 0.014, 0.014 to 0.0396, 0.0396 to 0.0718, 0.0718 to 0.119, 0.119 to 0.200, 0.200 to 0.315, 0.315 to 0.482, 0.0482 to 0.760, 0.760 to 1.23, 1.23 to 1.95, 1.95 to 3.08, 3.08 to 6.27 (unit of ⁇ m).
  • particles having a particle diameter of 0.007 ⁇ m or more and below 0.014 ⁇ m are included.
  • the ratio of the reduced number of the discharged particle by the use of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus was calculated by the following formula (1).
  • a bypass line from the exhaust gas flow passage was provided on each of the upstream side and the downstream side of the position where the exhaust gas treatment apparatus was disposed, and a paper filter for sampling the particulate matter in the exhaust gas passing through the bypass lines was disposed in each of the bypass lines.
  • the sampling time of the particulate matter by the paper filter was three minutes, and the change in the paper filter mass by the sampling was calculated from the paper filter mass before sampling weighed in advance.
  • the mass (g/hour) of the particulate matter on each of the inlet side and the outlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus was calculated.
  • Average particle diameter [ ⁇ (average particle diameter in each sampling range) ⁇ (number of particulates sampled in each sampling range)]/total discharge number (2)
  • FIGS. 15A to 15D are graphs each showing the change in the number of particulates (discharge number) on the outlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Example 1.
  • FIG. 15A shows the measurement results of the particulates each having a particle diameter of 0.007 to 0.014 ⁇ m
  • FIG. 15B shows the measurement results of the particulates each having a particle diameter of 0.014 to 0.07 ⁇ m and the particles each having a particle diameter of 0.07 to 6.27 ⁇ m
  • FIG. 15C shows a measurement result of all particulates (total number).
  • FIG. 5D is a graph where the measurement results of the FIGS. 15A to 15C are shown together.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph where the portion showing the number of particulates of 0.07 to 6.27 ⁇ m of FIG. 15B is enlarged.
  • FIG. 17A is a graph showing the measurement results for 10 seconds of each particle diameter in the measurement of the number of the particulates, where the axis of abscissa shows the particle diameter ( ⁇ m), while the axis of ordinate shows the number of particulates.
  • FIG. 17B is a graph showing enlarged results of the measurement of the number of the particulates having a particle diameter of 0.20 to 6.27 ⁇ m in FIG. 17A .
  • FIG. 17B is a graph showing enlarged results of the measurement of the number of the particulates having a particle diameter of 1.23 to 6.27 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 18A is a graph showing the change ratio (%) of the number of the particulates having a particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.70 ⁇ m
  • 18 B is a graph showing the change ratio (%) of the number of the particulates having a particle diameter of 1.23 to 3.06 ⁇ m.
  • the axis of abscissa shows each particle diameter ( ⁇ m)
  • the axis of ordinate shows the change ratio (%) of the number of particulates.
  • Example 1 53.5 150 20 2.8 0 8 16 Same as left Example 2 53.5 112 20 2.1 0 8 16 Same as left Example 3 53.5 267.5 20 5 0 8 16 Same as left Example 4 53.5 321 20 6 0 8 16 Same as left Example 5 53.5 535 20 10 0 8 16 Same as left Example 6 53.5 150 20 2.8 50 8 5 8 11 Example 7 53.5 112 20 2.1 50 8 5 8 11 Example 8 53.5 267.5 20 5 50 8 5 8 11 Example 9 53.5 321 20 6 50 8 5 8 11 Example 10 53.5 535 20 10 50 8 5 8 11 Comp.
  • Example 2 Each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatuses constituted as in Example 1 was manufactured except that the length of the dust collection electrode was changed as shown in Table 1 to treat exhaust gas in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 7 there was manufactured an exhaust gas treatment apparatus constituted as in Example 1 except that the discharge electrode 12 and the dust collection electrode 14 were disposed with a space of 50 mm and that the voltage introduction portions 18 and 19 were electrically connected with the discharge electrode 12 and the dust collection electrode 14 , respectively, to treat exhaust gas in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 6 There was manufactured each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatuses constituted as in Example 6 except that the length of the dust collection electrode was changed as shown in Table 1, and exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 2.
  • a discharge electrode constituted in the same manner as the tubular body used in Example 1 was disposed inside the tubular body which was the same as that used in Example 1 to manufacture an exhaust gas treatment apparatus. That is, in an exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Comparative Example 1, a stick-like dust collection electrode was not disposed. Incidentally, a voltage introduction portion was electrically connected with the discharge electrode.
  • exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 2 There was manufactured each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatuses constituted as in Example 1 except that the length of the dust collection electrode was changed as shown in Table 1, and exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 6 There was manufactured each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatuses constituted as in Example 6 except that the length of the dust collection electrode was changed as shown in Table 1, and exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 6 There was manufactured each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatuses constituted as in Example 6 except that the space between the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode was changed as shown in Table 3, and exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 4.
  • Example 4 There was manufactured each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatuses constituted as in Example 1 except that the diameter of the dust collection electrode was changed as shown in Table 3, and exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 4.
  • Example 6 There was manufactured each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatuses constituted as in Example 6 except that the diameter of the dust collection electrode was changed as shown in Table 3, and exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 4.
  • Example 2 There was manufactured each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus constituted as in Example 1, and exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the voltage (kV) applied to the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode and the electric power (W) were changed as shown in Table 3.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 4.
  • Example 6 There was manufactured each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus constituted as in Example 6, and exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the voltage (kV) applied to the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode and the electric power (W) were changed as shown in Table 3.
  • Table 3 The measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 4.
  • Example 4 There was manufactured each of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus constituted as in Example 1, and exhaust gas was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the flow rate (m/sec.) of exhaust gas passed through the apparatus was changed as shown in Table 4.
  • the measurement results of the mass (g/hour) of particulate matter on the inlet side of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus during the exhaust gas treatment and the number ( ⁇ 10 7 particulates/sec.), mass (g/hour), and average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of particulates on the outlet side during the exhaust gas treatment are shown in Table 4.
  • the change ratio of the number of the particulates having relatively small particle diameters shows a minus value (i.e., by applying a voltage, the number is reduced), while the change ratio of the number of the particulates having relatively large particle diameters (e.g., particulates having a particle diameter of 1.23 ⁇ m or more) shows a plus value (i.e., by applying a voltage, the number is increased).
  • Comparative Example 1 where no dust collection electrode is disposed, and Comparative Examples 2 to 5, the reduction ratio of the number of the particulate was low in comparison with that of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Example 1.
  • An exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention can be used as an exhaust gas treatment apparatus decreasing the number of the particulates present in exhaust gas by agglomerating and bloating the particulate matter in the exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines such as automobile engines, construction machine engines; industrial machine stationary engine and other combustion burning appliances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
US12/868,034 2009-08-31 2010-08-25 Exhaust gas treatment apparatus Abandoned US20110047976A1 (en)

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WO2013148609A1 (en) * 2012-03-27 2013-10-03 Clearsign Combustion Corporation Electrically-driven particulate agglomeration in a combustion system
US20140157761A1 (en) * 2011-08-12 2014-06-12 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Method for regulating an ionization device in an exhaust-gas aftertreatment apparatus and motor vehicle in which the method is carried out
US8863496B2 (en) 2011-04-06 2014-10-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Particulate matter control system and its failure determination method
US20210372305A1 (en) * 2018-10-22 2021-12-02 Shanghai Bixiufu Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. Method and system for removing dust from exhaust gas of engine
WO2021248407A1 (zh) * 2020-06-08 2021-12-16 江苏大学 一种耦合双极荷电凝并系统的gpf氧泵辅助再生装置与方法
EP4332436A1 (de) * 2022-09-01 2024-03-06 SL-Technik GmbH Biomasse-heizanlage mit einer verbesserten elektrostatischen filtereinrichtung

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FI124675B (fi) * 2012-09-06 2014-11-28 Tassu Esp Oy Menetelmä pienhiukkasten keräämiseksi savukaasuista sekä vastaava sovitelma
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US20210372305A1 (en) * 2018-10-22 2021-12-02 Shanghai Bixiufu Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. Method and system for removing dust from exhaust gas of engine
WO2021248407A1 (zh) * 2020-06-08 2021-12-16 江苏大学 一种耦合双极荷电凝并系统的gpf氧泵辅助再生装置与方法
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EP2299073A1 (de) 2011-03-23
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