US20110027740A1 - Method for Heating a SCR System - Google Patents

Method for Heating a SCR System Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110027740A1
US20110027740A1 US12/921,617 US92161709A US2011027740A1 US 20110027740 A1 US20110027740 A1 US 20110027740A1 US 92161709 A US92161709 A US 92161709A US 2011027740 A1 US2011027740 A1 US 2011027740A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
temperature
setpoint
urea
tcpt
heating device
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/921,617
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English (en)
Inventor
Frederic Peucat
Stephane Leonard
Jae Sik Choi
Nicolas Duret
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Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation and Research SA
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Inergy Automotive Systems Research SA
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Publication of US20110027740A1 publication Critical patent/US20110027740A1/en
Assigned to PLASTIC OMNIUM ADVANCED INNOVATION AND RESEARCH reassignment PLASTIC OMNIUM ADVANCED INNOVATION AND RESEARCH CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INERGY AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0422—Methods of control or diagnosing measuring the elapsed time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1811—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a method for heating a SCR system using resistive heating elements and also to an SCR system suitable for the application of this method.
  • One known way to achieve this objective is to use the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) process which enables the reduction of nitrogen oxides by injection of a reducing agent, generally ammonia, into the exhaust line.
  • This ammonia may derive from the pyrolytic decomposition of an ammonia precursor solution, whose concentration may be that of the eutectic.
  • Such an ammonia precursor is generally a urea solution.
  • the SCR device comprises, besides the additive tank, an injector, a pump, and a urea feed line.
  • the plate may be subjected to a temperature rise capable of causing a deterioration of the components grouped together on the mounting plate of the additive tank.
  • the present invention aims to solve this problem and is based on the idea of taking into account the values of the temperature of the surroundings of the SCR device and of the temperature in the tank to decide whether or not to activate a device for heating the feed lines of the SCR system, and/or for heating the urea tank and/or to decide when to start the pump.
  • the present application relates to a method for heating a urea SCR system comprising at least one line for circulating the urea and a device for heating said lines, the method using a temperature probe capable of measuring the ambient temperature, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the application also relates to a method for starting a pump of a urea SCR system comprising a urea tank, a temperature probe in the tank and a urea injector, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the application additionally relates to a method for heating a urea tank in a urea SCR system comprising at least said tank, a temperature probe in the tank and a device for heating the tank, the method comprising the following steps:
  • SCR system is understood to mean a system for the catalytic reduction of the NO from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, preferably of a vehicle, using urea as a liquid ammonia precursor.
  • urea is understood to mean any, generally aqueous, solution containing urea.
  • the invention gives good results with eutectic water/urea solutions for which there is a quality standard: for example, according to the standard DIN 70070, in the case of the AdBlue® solution (commercial solution of urea), the urea content is between 31.8% and 33.2% (by weight) (i.e. 32.5+/ ⁇ 0.7 wt %), hence an available amount of ammonia between 18.0% and 18.8%.
  • the invention may also be applied to the urea/ammonium formate mixtures, also in aqueous solution, sold under the trade name DenoxiumTM and of which one of the compositions (Denoxium-30) contains an equivalent amount of ammonia to that of the AdBlue® solution.
  • DenoxiumTM aqueous solution
  • the latter have the advantage of only freezing from ⁇ 30° C. onwards (as opposed to ⁇ 11° C.), but have the disadvantages of corrosion problems linked to the possible release of formic acid.
  • the present invention is particularly advantageous in the context of eutectic water/urea solutions.
  • SCR systems generally comprise at least one tank for storing the urea solution and also a system for feeding this to the exhaust gases, which generally comprises active components such as a pump, filter, valve(s), conduits (feed and/or return conduits).
  • active components such as a pump, filter, valve(s), conduits (feed and/or return conduits).
  • the idea behind the present invention may be generalized to any component of a SCR system. It may also be combined with the invention of co-pending application EP2008/062183 in the name of the Applicant, which also deals with the problem of overheating in urea components and proposes therefore to use at least two resistive heating elements (R 1 , R 2 ), one of which (R 1 ) is intended for heating one or some (part(s) of) component(s) always in contact with a substantial amount of urea and the other (R 2 ) is intended for heating one or some (part(s) of) component(s) which are sometimes not in contact with a substantial amount of urea, and according to which, when starting the system in freezing conditions, the resistive element R 1 is activated but the resistive element R 2 is activated only when its component is actually in contact with a substantial amount of urea. The problem of overheating may still be present at the upper part of R 1 .
  • some car manufacturers specify a given duration for which the tank must be heated, which duration has been determined experimentally in order to provide a minimum liquid quantity so as to be able to start the pump.
  • the following table gives experimental data for a urea tank of 7.5 L equipped with a flexible heater extending inside the tank and with a temperature sensor located in the upper part of the heater corresponding to a zone of the tank that may be more easily emerged (i.e. not in contact with urea) and accordingly where overheating may occur more regularly.
  • the tank is placed in a cold chamber where the temperature is maintained at a constant value of ⁇ 9° C.
  • the flexible heater is actuated with a constant heating power, continuously, during a period fixed by a given specification (20 min.
  • the present invention aims at solving these problems of the prior art heating strategies.
  • the invention relates to a process for heating a urea component of a SCR system comprising besides said component, a temperature sensor and a heating device in the component, according to whidh:
  • the present invention is advantageously applied to diesel engines, and in particular to the diesel engines of heavy goods vehicles.
  • FIG. 1 consists of a block diagram of one preferred variant of the process according to the invention applied to a system for the injection of urea into the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (or SCR system).
  • the component that can be heated by the process of the invention generally is a hollow component like a tank, a line, a connector . . . .
  • the component will be referred hereafter as “tank”, this term being hence not limitative.
  • the liquid for which the invention is intended is a liquid capable of freezing or solidifying (setting solid) when the temperature reaches a low temperature threshold.
  • This may, for example, be an aqueous solution.
  • One liquid to which the present invention applies particularly well is urea or another reducing agent that can be used in the SCR system of an engine.
  • the device heating the component is also a flexible heater.
  • the freezing temperature of the solution may increase with regard to ageing of the solution, i.e., with a change of the concentration of the solution. Therefore, in a preferred variant of the process, the first setpoint (T 0 ) is chosen so as to be greater than or equal to a freezing temperature that corresponds to the concentration of the urea solution after ageing of the solution.
  • the temperature (Tcpt) in the tank is measured by a temperature sensor that is located at a specific location in the tank (e.g., a feeding zone in the tank) and is therefore not always representative of the temperature of the solution elsewhere in the tank. Therefore the second setpoint (T 1 ) is preferably chosen so as to be sure that the solution is defrost almost everywhere in the tank.
  • the second setpoint (T 1 ) is also chosen so as to limit the energy consumption and to be sure that a minimum volume of urea is defrosted for the injection in the SCR system.
  • the second setpoint (T 1 ) may be determined so as to take account of the volume of the solution present in the tank.
  • the heating device is actuated for the time t 1 .
  • Overheating can be characterized by an overheating temperature (Tover) above which part of the SCR system, and in particular components, may be deteriorated.
  • Tover overheating temperature
  • the overheating temperature can be determined experimentally.
  • the time t 1 corresponds to the time necessary for the temperature (Tcpt) to exceed a safeguard temperature (Tsaf) with Tsaf ⁇ Tover.
  • the heating of the SCR system is preferably also adjusted during the operation of the system (when the vehicle is being driven) in case of freezing.
  • this adjustment is carried out using simple switches controlled as a function of the reading of the temperature sensors.
  • the heating device is actuated by means of a simple switch ON/OFF, i.e., when the switch is triggered on, the heating device is actuated, and when the switch is triggered off, the heating device is stopped.
  • the tank is advantageous for the tank to be equipped with a temperature sensor; for the heating of the SCR system to be adjusted duting normal operation of the system using switches controlled by the temperature sensor; for the switches to activate the heating device for a time t 1 when the temperature read by the sensor drops below the first setpoint (T 0 ), for the temperature given by the sensor to be read after a time t 2 and for the switches to deactivate the heating device when the temperature read by the sensor reaches/exceeds the second setpoint (T 1 ).
  • the following table gives experimental data for the urea tank described in the experiments above (referring to the prior art strategy) where a process according to the invention is applied.
  • the heater is powered under a constant voltage of 14V when it is actuated; times t 1 and t 2 correspond respectively to 6 minutes and 1 minute (based on the data in the previous table) while the first setpoint (T 0 ) corresponds to ⁇ 8° C. (i.e. temperature where an eutectic solution of urea begins to solidify) and the second setpoint (T 1 ) corresponds to ⁇ 3° C.
  • FIG. 1 The present invention is illustrated, in a non-limiting manner, by appended FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 consists of a block diagram of one preferred variant of the process according to the invention applied to a system for the injection of urea into the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (or SCR system).
  • a heating device is OFF.
  • the time t 1 and t 2 may be chosen experimentally so as to avoid overheating of components in the SCR system and in particular to avoid that the temperature (Tcpt) in the tank exceeds a safeguard temperature (e.g., 100° C.) or an overheating temperature (e.g., 120° C.) whatever the volume of urea contained in the tank.
  • a safeguard temperature e.g. 100° C.
  • an overheating temperature e.g. 120° C.
  • step 4 If the temperature (Tcpt) is less than or equal to the second setpoint (T 1 with T 1 >T 0 ), the process continues at step 4 and the heating device is actuated.
  • step 11 If the temperature (Tcpt) is greater than the second setpoint (T 1 ), the heating device is stopped (step 11) and the process continues with step 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
US12/921,617 2008-03-11 2009-03-11 Method for Heating a SCR System Abandoned US20110027740A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0851583 2008-03-11
FR0851583A FR2928689A1 (fr) 2008-03-11 2008-03-11 Methode pour le demarrage d'un systeme scr
PCT/EP2009/052848 WO2009112516A1 (en) 2008-03-11 2009-03-11 Method for heating a scr system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110027740A1 true US20110027740A1 (en) 2011-02-03

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US12/921,617 Abandoned US20110027740A1 (en) 2008-03-11 2009-03-11 Method for Heating a SCR System

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20110027740A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP2262986B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5465189B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR101580703B1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2928689A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2009112516A1 (ja)

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CN102808680A (zh) * 2012-07-27 2012-12-05 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种scr系统低温解冻的控制方法
US8959890B2 (en) 2010-05-17 2015-02-24 Isuzu Motors Limited SCR thawing control system
US10975751B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2021-04-13 Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation And Research Method for estimating a thawed volume present in liquid form in a tank
CN114483262A (zh) * 2021-12-29 2022-05-13 潍柴动力股份有限公司 尿素泵、尿素泵的控制方法及控制系统

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FR2919456B1 (fr) 2007-07-26 2009-11-27 Inergy Automotive Systems Res Methode pour le chauffage d'au moins un composant d'un systeme scr a l'aide d'elements chauffants resistifs.
DE102010035621B4 (de) * 2009-08-27 2021-05-27 Cummins Ip, Inc. Vorrichtung, System und Verfahren für eine Dieselabgasfluid-Erwärmungssteuerung
CN102812247B (zh) * 2010-01-11 2015-07-29 英瑞杰汽车系统研究公司 用于调节scr系统的泵的方法
SE535338C2 (sv) * 2010-01-14 2012-07-03 Scania Cv Ab Anordning och förfarande för att värma en reduktant i ett SCR-system hos ett motorfordon
US8495868B2 (en) * 2010-03-22 2013-07-30 Caterpillar Inc. Control strategy for heated fluid lines
FR2970505B1 (fr) * 2011-01-17 2013-02-15 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Un procede de controle d'une ligne d'echappement et vehicule adapte pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR2983237B1 (fr) * 2011-11-30 2014-01-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede d'optimisation du temps de chauffage d'une source d'ammoniac pour la reduction d'oxydes d'azote
FR3018851B1 (fr) * 2014-03-18 2016-09-30 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede de detection d'un degel d'un agent reducteur
DE102016209944A1 (de) * 2016-06-07 2017-12-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Förder- und Dosiersystems für die Reduktionsmittellösung eines SCR-Katalysators
EP3499019A1 (en) 2017-12-15 2019-06-19 Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation and Research Heating method for a tank system

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EP2262986B1 (en) 2015-05-13
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KR20100134598A (ko) 2010-12-23
FR2928689A1 (fr) 2009-09-18
JP2011517743A (ja) 2011-06-16
KR101580703B1 (ko) 2015-12-29
EP2262986A1 (en) 2010-12-22

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