CN110792487B - 用于运行scr催化器系统的计量系统的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行scr催化器系统的计量系统的方法 Download PDF

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CN110792487B
CN110792487B CN201910717066.5A CN201910717066A CN110792487B CN 110792487 B CN110792487 B CN 110792487B CN 201910717066 A CN201910717066 A CN 201910717066A CN 110792487 B CN110792487 B CN 110792487B
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M.格罗泽尔
M.贝克
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2610/1433Pumps
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1486Means to prevent the substance from freezing
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1493Purging the reducing agent out of the conduits or nozzle
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    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1811Temperature
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行SCR催化器系统的计量系统的方法(100)。在该方法中,在关断其排气被SCR催化器系统选择性催化还原的内燃机后,在计量模块中存在的HWL在关断内燃机后的预先给定的持续时间后被计量系统的输送泵回吸(110)。根据至少两个参数执行回吸。

Description

用于运行SCR催化器系统的计量系统的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行SCR催化器系统的计量系统的方法、一种计算机程序、一种机器可读的存储介质以及一种电子的控制器。
背景技术
已知特别是机动车中用于运行内燃机的方法和装置,在内燃机的排气区域中布置有SCR(选择性催化还原)催化器,所述SCR催化器将包含在内燃机的排气中的氮氧化物(NOx)用还原剂还原成氮气。由此可以极大地减小排气中氮氧化物的份额。对于反应过程来说需要氨(NH3)作为还原剂,氨被混入到排气中。因此NH3或解离NH3的试剂用作添加剂。通常为此使用含水尿素溶液,其在SCR催化器前借助计量装置喷射到排气系中。含水尿素溶液备选可以称为尿素水溶液(HWL)。这种尿素溶液在商业上能以AdBlue®的名称购买到。设置还原剂料箱来储存作为还原剂的尿素溶液。
需要尽量均匀地分配添加剂并且将其特别是用尽可能高的蒸发度配量到排气中,因为催化器对仍是液态的添加剂的出现敏感并且在配量的添加剂的蒸发度(Verdampfungsgrad)过小时要担心催化器受损。使用计量阀或喷射阀作为计量元件,计量阀或喷射阀将液态的添加剂经由喷嘴装置在压力下喷射到排气设备中。计量阀在运行中始终用液态的添加剂加载。因为添加剂通常是水溶液并且其体积在冷冻时膨胀,所以重要的是,在低于添加剂的冰点下的温度时要防止计量装置和特别是计量阀破裂和受其它损害。含水尿素溶液AdBlue®(AUS32)的冰点例如在-11.5℃并且由此处在冬季实际上经常会达到的温度的范围内。AdBlue®在低于-11℃时结晶并且在高温下不应在较长时段内超过30℃存放,以便不会威胁到12个月的耐久性。同样不应让其经受直接日照。
为了避免系统和组件冻伤,AdBlue®在马达停止时被回吸到AdBlue®料箱中。AdBlue®的回吸尤其仅部分由计量模块的喷射阀达到。喷射阀中总是留有小的余量。按照现有技术,系统在马达停止后立即回吸。因为计量模块安装在排气设备上,所以计量模块会由于储存在排气设备中的热变热。输送给计量模块的废热越高,那么在之前的行驶中的马达负载量就越大(热停机装置)。排气余热(Abgaswärme)促使AdBlue®的含水份额气化,使得包含在AdBlue®中的盐可能结晶。在喷射阀内形成结晶盐可能导致针阀夹紧(Klemmen),使得喷射阀在下一次重新开始运行时可能由于停止喷射而变得显眼。当所述阀即使在热停机后也用AdBlue®填注时,可以避免阀夹紧效应。
发明内容
所述方法用于运行SCR催化器系统的计量系统。所述方法尤其用于根据至少一个外部的参数回吸在计量模块中存在的HWL。在此,术语“外部”涉及内燃机。因此外部的参数是与内燃机外的情况相关的参数。
按照所述方法,在关断其排气通过SCR催化器系统选择性催化还原的内燃机后,在计量模块中存在的HWL在关断内燃机后的预先给定的持续时间后被计量系统的输送泵回吸。在此,根据至少一个、优选至少两个并且还进一步优选三个参数执行回吸。所述参数是外部的参数。
在关断内燃机后的预先给定的持续时间,也称为预先给定的停机时间,其可以优选是能参数化的停机时间。
术语“参数化”指的是确定一个或多个参数的一个值或多个值。
所述方法,特别是在预先给定的持续时间后回吸HWL,这就是说回吸策略,有利地实现,一方面在热停机装置中使包含在AdBlue®中的盐不会结晶,并且另一方面在长期停机装置中、例如在收割机中,防止了HWL不允许地长期留在系统中。
按照一种优选的实施方式,在关断内燃机后的每个时间点上,用二元函数说明回吸的执行,二元函数具有三个参数作为变量。二元函数在当前指的是这样一种函数,其仅能采用两个值作为函数值。这些值可以例如是0和1。倘若函数采用值1,那么执行回吸,倘若函数采用值0,那么不执行回吸。这可以例如通过三维的特性场(3D特性场)实现。
这个特征的优点是,通过上述二元函数能以极为简单的方式确定,在何种情况下执行回吸。
按照一种优选的实施方式,三个参数是马达温度、HWL的温度和环境温度。作为马达温度的备选或除了马达温度外,还可以使用排气系中的、特别是在催化器前的排气系中的温度。
马达温度,在此可以例如由冷却水温度或油温求出。所述的参数,特别是HWL的温度,决定了HWL是否结晶出来。因此使用有这三个参数的二元函数极为有利地确定了何时应当从计量系统回吸HWL。
按照一种优选的实施方式,二元函数通过二维的特性场(马达温度/空气温度)和一维的特性曲线(HWL温度)实现。
按照当前的实施方式,通过上述3D特性场实现的函数由相继实施2D特性场和特性曲线达到。通过这个特征有利地实现避开了困难地与上述3D特性场接触(Umgang)。
按照一种优选的实施方式,倘若HWL的温度从上方达到预先给定的温度值,就执行回吸。在此,术语“从上方”意味着,温度值从较大的温度值起接近预先给定的温度值。预先给定的温度值优选能参数化。对回吸策略的与温度相关的控制有利地防止了系统结冰。当前的特征可以视作是针对上述三个参数的一种边缘条件。
按照一种优选的实施方式,预先给定的温度值大于-11.5℃。当前的特征有利地实现了使HWL不会结冰,因为所使用的HWL、即含水尿素溶液AdBlue®(AUS32),在-11.5℃时才结冰。因为用具有2至3℃的传感器公差的温度传感器测量料箱中的HWL的温度,所以当前的特征与这样的事实等效,即,由该温度传感器测量的温度值具有大于-11.5℃加传感器公差(2 - 3℃)的值。因此优选的是,由温度传感器测量的温度值大于-9.5℃或者还进一步优选大于-8.5℃。
按照一种优选的实施方式,倘若针对内燃机的当前的所在地或内燃机的当前的所在地有高于预先给定的值的概率使环境温度不下降到低于-11.5℃,那么就结束所述方法。为此所需的天气信息或温度数据可以储存在属于内燃机的机动车中,例如储存在机动车的控制器中或车载计算机中。所需的温度数据备选或附加地能通过因特网接线或云存储器获得,车辆的车载计算机或控制器与所述因特网接线或云存储器连接。按照另一种实施方式,可以取代结束所述方法的是监控外部温度,并且倘若环境温度下降到低于-11.5℃的概率高于另一个预先给定的值,那么再次执行所述方法。也仅能借助特定地点上的日历或历史温度数据做出这个决定。
按照一种优选的实施方式,倘若针对内燃机的当前的所在地有高于预先给定的值的概率不出现低于-11.5℃的温度,所述方法就结束。倘若优选借助GPS传感器确定的特定的地点,整年都不具有低于-11.5℃的温度,那么所述方法仅借助所在地就能做出决定。但倘若所述地点具有低于-11.5℃的温度,那么必须还使用日期或一天中的时间来做出决定。日期或一天中的时间可以借助车载计算机的日历系统确定。
计算机程序设置成执行所述方法的每个步骤,特别是当该计算机程序在电子的控制器上或计算设备上运行时。这使得能在传统的控制器中实施所述方法,而不必为此作结构性改变。为此,计算机程序储存在机器可读的存储介质上。通过在传统的电子的控制器上运行计算机程序获得了电子的控制器,该电子的控制器设置成执行一种用于运行SCR催化器系统的计量系统的方法。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并且在接下来的说明中加以详细阐释。
图1是按照本发明的一个实施例的方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的方法100在步骤101中以询问内燃机是否被关断开始,该内燃机的排气通过SCR催化器系统选择性催化还原。如果不是这种情况,则所述方法返回到步骤101。在此,打钩表示询问的肯定,并且打叉表示询问的否定。倘若内燃机被关断,那么所述方法以步骤102继续进行,在该步骤中求出了内燃机的马达温度。
在随后的步骤103中求出HWL的温度。在下一个步骤104中求出内燃机的或与之相关的机动车的环境温度。
在随后的步骤105中询问,HWL的温度是否从上方已经达到-11.5℃的温度。
如果是这种情况,那么所述方法以步骤110继续进行,该步骤在下文中还要更为详细地阐释。如果不是这种情况,那么所述方法以步骤106继续进行,在该步骤中询问,针对内燃机的当前的所在地(Aufenthaltsort)或针对内燃机的当前的所在地和当前的季节是否有高于90%的概率不出现低于-11.5℃的温度。
如果是这种情况,那么所述方法以步骤107继续进行,如果不是这种情况,那么所述方法以步骤120继续进行。
在步骤107中询问,针对内燃机的当前的所在地和当前的季节是否有大于10%的概率出现低于-11.5℃的温度。如果不是这种情况,那么所述方法回到步骤107。但如果是这种情况,那么所述方法回到步骤101。作为步骤107的备选,可以结束所述方法。
在步骤120中求出一个二元函数,该二元函数具有马达温度、HWL的温度和环境温度作为变量。
在随后的步骤121中询问,在步骤120中求出的二元函数是否具有值1或值0。倘若二元函数的值是1,那么所述方法以步骤110继续进行,倘若二元函数的值是0,那么所述方法以步骤101继续进行。
在步骤110中由计量系统的输送泵回吸在计量模块中存在的HWL,由此结束所述方法。

Claims (8)

1.用于运行SCR催化器系统的计量系统的方法(100),其特征在于,在关断其排气被SCR催化器系统选择性催化还原的内燃机后,在计量模块中存在的HWL在关断内燃机后的预先给定的持续时间后被计量系统的输送泵回吸(110),以使得包含在HWL中的盐不会结晶,其中,根据至少两个参数执行回吸(110),
其中,针对内燃机关断后的每个时间点,通过具有至少两个参数作为变量的二元函数来说明(120)所述回吸(110)的执行,其中,所述二元函数是这样一种函数,其仅能采用两个值作为函数值,其中所述至少两个参数包括HWL的温度和环境温度并且还包括马达温度和/或排气系中的温度。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述二元函数通过二维的特性场和一维的特性曲线实现。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法(100),其特征在于,倘若HWL的温度从上方达到(105)预先给定的温度值,那么执行(110)所述回吸。
4.按照权利要求3所述的方法(100),其特征在于,预先给定的温度值大于-11.5℃。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法(100),其特征在于,倘若针对内燃机的当前的所在地和当前的季节有高于预先给定的值的概率不出现低于-11.5℃的温度,那么结束所述方法。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法(100),其特征在于,倘若针对内燃机的当前的所在地有高于预先给定的值的概率不出现低于-11.5℃的温度,那么结束所述方法。
7.机器可读的存储介质,在所述机器可读的存储介质上储存有计算机程序,其设置成执行按照权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法(100)的每个步骤。
8.电子的控制器,所述电子的控制器设置成执行按照权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法(100)的每个步骤。
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