US20100256099A1 - Method of combatting sea lice - Google Patents

Method of combatting sea lice Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100256099A1
US20100256099A1 US12/669,110 US66911008A US2010256099A1 US 20100256099 A1 US20100256099 A1 US 20100256099A1 US 66911008 A US66911008 A US 66911008A US 2010256099 A1 US2010256099 A1 US 2010256099A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pediculicide
organophosphate
carbamate
pyrethroid
pyrethrin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/669,110
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English (en)
Inventor
Baard Johannessen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nettforsk AS
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Nettforsk AS
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Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=38461661&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20100256099(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Nettforsk AS filed Critical Nettforsk AS
Publication of US20100256099A1 publication Critical patent/US20100256099A1/en
Assigned to NETTFORSK AS reassignment NETTFORSK AS CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE APPL# 12/699,110. DOCUMENT PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 024 Assignors: JOHANNESSEN, BAARD
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/325—Carbamic acids; Thiocarbamic acids; Anhydrides or salts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/55—Phosphorus compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/14—Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of topical treatment of living human subjects to combat multicellular ectoparasites with exoskeletons, especially ectoparasites of the orders Phthiraptera (lice), Acarina (mites) and Siphonaptera (fleas), more especially Pediculus humanus capitis (human head lice), and to a pharmaceutical kit for use in that method.
  • Many humans are infested with such multicellular ectoparasites, eg ticks, fleas, mites, and lice, especially mites and lice, e.g. the head louse ( Pediculus humanus capitis ), body louse ( Pediculus humanus humanus ), the pubic louse ( Pthirus pubis ) and the scabies mite ( Sarcoptes scabiei ).
  • Head lice in particular, are a common problem for humans, especially school children. Effective control involves rapid and accurate detection, the use of a fine-toothed comb and the application of head lice killing chemicals, pediculicides.
  • Pediculicides are frequently toxic to other ectoparasites, eg the mites responsible for scabies, and thus elsewhere may also be referred to as insecticides or scabicides, etc.
  • organophosphates eg malathion
  • carbamates eg carbaryl
  • pyrethroids eg permethrin
  • Organophosphate poisoning does not require ingestion—cutaneous absorption can lead to signs of poisoning. Symptoms of organophosphate poisoning may include excessive excessive salivation, sweating, rhinorrhea, muscle twitching, weakness, tremor, incoordination, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, respiratory depression, wheezing, blurred vision and more. Carbamates can cause adverse reactions such as sweating, vision blurring, incoordination and convulsions. Pyrethroids similarly can cause adverse reactions even on dermal exposure, such as excitory neurotoxicity, altered dopamine uptake, and dermatitis.
  • the invention provides a method of treatment of a human subject to combat infestation by multicellular ectoparasites with exoskeletons, in particular head lice, which method comprises topically applying to said subject a first and a second pediculicide, said first pediculicide being a carbamate or organophosphate pediculicide and said second pediculicide being a pyrethroid or pyrethrin pediculicide, characterized in that said second pediculicide is applied between 15 minutes and 12 hours after the application of said first pediculicide.
  • the invention provides a pyrethroid or pyrethrin pediculicide for use in treatment of humans by a method according to the present invention.
  • the invention provides an organophosphate or carbamate pediculicide for use in treatment of humans by a method according to the present invention.
  • the invention provides a kit comprising in separate containers a first topical pediculicide composition containing a carbamate or organophosphate pediculicide and a second topical pediculicide composition containing a pyrethroid or pyrethrin pediculicide, and preferably also instructions for the use of said compositions in a method according to the present invention.
  • the invention provides the use of a carbamate or organophosphate pediculicide and a pyrethroid or pyrethrin pediculicide for the preparation of topical pediculicide compositions for time-staggered topical application to a human subject to combat infestation by multicellular ectoparasites with exoskeletons.
  • the time period between application of the two pediculicides is preferably 20 minutes to 4 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 3 hours, especially about 2 hours.
  • Treatment of head lice according to the invention is preferably combined with combing of the hair with a fine-toothed comb, eg a “nit comb”.
  • a fine-toothed comb eg a “nit comb”.
  • Such combs have long been widely available but in a preferred embodiment of the invention such a comb is included in the kit of the invention which preferably comprises a package containing such a comb, the two pediculicide compositions and instructions, eg printed on the package or enclosed within the package as an insert.
  • Combing may be effected before, during or after the method of the invention, preferably after, and preferably repeatedly.
  • Combing is best effected when the hair is wet and particularly when the hair has been treated with a conditioner.
  • the two pediculicide compositions may take any convenient topical application form, eg solution, cream, gel, cream rinse, dispersion, powder, lotion, spray, unguent, etc.
  • at least one of the compositions is a shampoo, ie a surfactant containing composition, or cream rinse. It is particularly preferred that the later applied composition is a shampoo or cream rinse.
  • the first-applied composition is an organophosphate-containing gel or solution, eg one containing an alcohol such as isopropanol, or a physiologically tolerable carbamate formulation, eg a lotion, and the later applied composition is a pyrethroid-containing shampoo or cream rinse.
  • Permethrin shampoos are frequently actually cream rinses (conditioners).
  • the organophosphate pediculicide used according to the invention may be any organophosphate with ectoparasite killing effect which is physiologically tolerable on dermal application.
  • organophosphate with ectoparasite killing effect which is physiologically tolerable on dermal application.
  • examples of such compounds include malathion, parathion, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, chlorthion, trichlorphon, methyl parathion, and fenchlorphos.
  • malathion however is preferred.
  • a carbamate pediculicide this may be any carbamate with ectoparasite killing effect which is physiologically tolerable on dermal application.
  • One examples of such a compound is carbaryl.
  • the use of an organophosphate however is preferred.
  • the organophosphate or carbamate is preferably present in the pediculicide composition at a concentration of 0.02 to 0.4% wt, especially 0.04 to 0.2% wt, particularly about 0.1% wt.
  • the remaining components of the composition may be conventional components for topical compositions and may be present in conventional amounts, eg water, alcohols, gelling agents, surfactants, fragrances, etc.
  • the pyrethroid or pyrethrin pediculicide used according to the invention may be any pyrethroid or pyrethrin with ectoparasite killing effect which is physiologically tolerable on dermal application.
  • pyrethroid compounds which are generally preferred relative to the pyrethrins, include permethrin, phenothrin, cypermethrin, pyrethrin and deltamethrin.
  • permethrin however is preferred.
  • the pyrethrins, if used, may for example be derived from natural sources such as the chrysanthemum plant. However, where pyrethrins are used, it is preferred also to use a synergist (as discussed below).
  • the pyrethroid or pyrethrin is preferably present in the pediculicide composition at a concentration of 0.2 to 3% wt, especially 0.5 to 2% wt, particularly about 1% wt.
  • the remaining components of the composition may be conventional components for topical compositions and may be present in conventional amounts, e.g. water, alcohol, gelling agents, surfactants, fragrances, etc.
  • the pediculicide contents of the compositions may be adjusted appropriately.
  • the pediculicide contents may be up to five times the preferred contents recited above for head lice.
  • one or both of the pediculicide compositions should contain a monooxygenase inhibitor as a synergist for the pyrethroid/pyrethrin, eg piperonyl butoxide. It is also preferred that one or both of the pediculicide compositions should contain an abrasive, eg silicate or diatoms, to assist in disrupting the exoskeleton of the ectoparasite.
  • the pediculicides may be applied to any surface of the body, especially hair bearing surfaces, and preferably the head.
  • Application may be preceded by, accompanied by or followed by washing and/or rinsing.
  • the application of the later composition is followed by rinsing.
  • the organophosphate or carbamate composition is left in contact with the hair for 15 minutes to 12 hours, especially 20 minutes to 4 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 3 hours, most preferably about 2 hours.
  • the pyrethroid composition is preferably left in contact with the skin and hair for 5 minutes to several hours, eg 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the nature of the formulation used.
  • a cream formulation would typically be left in contact with the skin and hair for up to 12 hours before washing, while a shampoo would typically be used by washing the hair for about 10 minutes followed by rinsing with water.
  • the method of the invention may if necessary be repeated, eg after 7 to 10 days, but for a single case of infestation a single performance of the method will generally be sufficient.
  • the organophosphate or carbamate compositions used in the method of the invention generally contain lower concentrations of the organophosphate or carbamate component than is conventional for treatment for head lice and form a further aspect of the invention.
  • the invention provides a topical pediculicide composition comprising a physiologically tolerable carrier and from 0.02 to 0.4% wt, preferably 0.04 to 0.2% wt, especially about 0.1% wt, of an organophosphate or carbamate pediculicide, preferably a composition in gel, cream, shampoo or solution form.
  • compositions containing malathion and an alcohol eg isopropanol, are especially preferred.
  • One or both of the pediculicide compositions may advantageously contain a further pediculicide, e.g. selected from the chloronicotinyl (eg imidacloprid), phenylpyrazole (eg fipronil), oxadiazine (eg indoxacarb), pyrazole (eg chlorfenapyr), or organochlorine (eg lindane) classes.
  • a further pediculicide e.g. selected from the chloronicotinyl (eg imidacloprid), phenylpyrazole (eg fipronil), oxadiazine (eg indoxacarb), pyrazole (eg chlorfenapyr), or organochlorine (eg lindane) classes.
  • the pediculicide compositions are preferably packaged in plastic tubes, single-use sachets, or glass vials.
  • the method and kit of the invention may also be used in the treatment of other ectoparasites, eg fleas, ticks, other lice (eg Pediculus humanus humanus and Phtirus pubis ) and mites.
  • Scabies which results from infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei is one condition in particular that can be treated.
  • ectoparasite infestation eg scabies
  • topical application will be to the affected area and optionally to areas deemed to be at risk of infestation. This of course applies to all treatments according to the invention.
  • Permethrin is added at 1% wt to a commercially available shampoo, e.g. Head & Shoulders from Proctor & Gamble, or cream rinse/conditioner.
  • a kit comprising a paper box, a vial containing 30 mL of the composition of Example 1, a vial containing 30 mL of the composition of Example 2, and an insert carrying instructions for use.
  • Example 1 About 25 ml of the gel of Example 1 is massaged into the hair and scalp of a lice-infested schoolchild. After 30 minutes the hair is rinsed. After a further ninety minutes the hair is wetted and about 25 ml of the shampoo of Example 2 is rubbed into the hair to create a lather. The hair is rinsed after 10 minutes. The following day the hair is combed wet with a nit comb.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Physical Deposition Of Substances That Are Components Of Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
US12/669,110 2007-07-16 2008-07-16 Method of combatting sea lice Abandoned US20100256099A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0713790.4A GB0713790D0 (en) 2007-07-16 2007-07-16 Method
GB0713790.4 2007-07-16
PCT/GB2008/002441 WO2009010754A2 (en) 2007-07-16 2008-07-16 Method of combatting human head lice

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2008/002441 A-371-Of-International WO2009010754A2 (en) 2007-07-16 2008-07-16 Method of combatting human head lice

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/988,358 Continuation US20180271102A1 (en) 2007-07-16 2018-05-24 Method of combatting human head lice

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Publication Number Publication Date
US20100256099A1 true US20100256099A1 (en) 2010-10-07

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ID=38461661

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/669,110 Abandoned US20100256099A1 (en) 2007-07-16 2008-07-16 Method of combatting sea lice
US12/669,089 Active 2029-09-20 US9538758B2 (en) 2007-07-16 2008-07-16 Method of combatting sea lice
US15/988,358 Abandoned US20180271102A1 (en) 2007-07-16 2018-05-24 Method of combatting human head lice

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/669,089 Active 2029-09-20 US9538758B2 (en) 2007-07-16 2008-07-16 Method of combatting sea lice
US15/988,358 Abandoned US20180271102A1 (en) 2007-07-16 2018-05-24 Method of combatting human head lice

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (3) US20100256099A1 (da)
EP (2) EP2178378B2 (da)
JP (2) JP2010533692A (da)
CN (2) CN101754684A (da)
AT (1) ATE555659T1 (da)
AU (2) AU2008277412B2 (da)
CA (2) CA2692494C (da)
CY (2) CY1113232T1 (da)
DK (2) DK2178377T3 (da)
EA (1) EA017599B1 (da)
ES (2) ES2402330T3 (da)
GB (3) GB0713790D0 (da)
HK (1) HK1146878A1 (da)
HR (2) HRP20120604T8 (da)
NO (1) NO330244B2 (da)
PL (2) PL2178378T5 (da)
PT (2) PT2178378E (da)
RS (1) RS52384B (da)
SI (2) SI2178377T1 (da)
WO (2) WO2009010755A2 (da)

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GB0713790D0 (en) 2007-07-16 2007-08-22 Nettforsk As Method
GB0905165D0 (en) * 2009-03-25 2009-05-06 Nettforsk As Compositions
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GB201313116D0 (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-09-04 Nettforsk As Method of combating sea lice
US11446241B2 (en) 2013-07-29 2022-09-20 Attillaps Holdings Inc. Treatment of ophthalmological conditions with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
US10709135B2 (en) * 2013-07-29 2020-07-14 Attillaps Holdings Organophosphates for treating afflictions of the skin
HUE059303T2 (hu) 2014-06-19 2022-11-28 Attillaps Holdings Acetilkolin-észteráz-gátlók bõrbetegségek kezelésére
US11260029B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2022-03-01 John O'Halloran Fish feed compositions containing a neonicotinoid for preventing and treating parasite infections
US10537549B2 (en) * 2016-05-10 2020-01-21 Elanco Tiergesundheit Ag Dihydroisoxazole compound for use in controlling sea lice
EP4186366A1 (en) 2016-12-08 2023-05-31 Benchmark Animal Health Limited Treatment for removing ectoparasites from fish
US10328112B2 (en) * 2017-11-29 2019-06-25 Michael S. Hatten Abrasive pediculicide compositions comprising materials, kits, and methods of use
CN213319858U (zh) 2018-02-19 2021-06-01 米沃奇电动工具公司 冲击工具
GB201809374D0 (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-07-25 Fish Vet Group Norge As Treatment for removing ectoparasites from fish

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