US20100172790A1 - Iron-nickel-chromium-silicon alloy - Google Patents
Iron-nickel-chromium-silicon alloy Download PDFInfo
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- US20100172790A1 US20100172790A1 US12/646,756 US64675609A US2010172790A1 US 20100172790 A1 US20100172790 A1 US 20100172790A1 US 64675609 A US64675609 A US 64675609A US 2010172790 A1 US2010172790 A1 US 2010172790A1
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- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- UIFMYTNHGZJQOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Cr].[Ni].[Fe] Chemical compound [Si].[Cr].[Ni].[Fe] UIFMYTNHGZJQOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100129500 Caenorhabditis elegans max-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical group O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
Definitions
- the invention relates to iron-nickel-chromium-silicon alloys having a longer service life and enhanced dimensional stability.
- Austenitic iron-nickel-chromium-silicon alloys having different nickel, chromium, and silicon contents have been used for some time as heat conductors in the temperature range up to 1100° C.
- This alloy group is standardized in DIN 17470 (Table 1) and ASTM B344-01 (Table 2) for use as heat conductor alloys.
- ASTM B344-01 Table 2
- the chromium content is slowly depleted for building up the protective layer. Therefore a higher chromium content increases service life since a higher content of chromium, the element that forms the protective layer, delays the point in time at which the Cr content drops below the critical limit and oxides other than Cr 2 O 3 form, which are e.g. iron-containing ferrous oxides.
- EP-A 0 531 775 is a heat-resistant hot-formable austenitic nickel alloy having the following composition (in wt. %):
- EP-A 0 386 730 describes a nickel-chromium-iron alloy having very good oxidation resistance and thermal strength, these being desired for advanced heat conductor applications that proceed from the known heat conductor alloy NiCr6015 and in which significant improvements in the usage properties could be attained using modifications to the composition that were matched to one another.
- the alloy is distinguished from the known NiCr6015 material especially in that the rare earth metals are replaced by yttrium, in that it also includes zirconium and titanium, and in that the nitrogen content is matched to the content of zirconium and titanium in a special manner.
- WO-A 2005/031018 describes an austenitic Fe—Cr—Ni alloy for use in the high temperature range that essentially has the following chemical composition (in wt. %):
- dislocation creep Apart from dislocation creep, the creep mechanisms that have a negative impact on dimensional stability in the application temperature range (dislocation creep, grain boundary slip, and diffusion creep) are all influenced by a large grain size to have greater creep resistance. Displacement creep is not solely a function of grain size. Producing a wire having a larger grain size increases creep resistance and thus dimensional stability. In any considerations grain size should therefore be included as a factor that has significant influence.
- heat conductor material Also important for a heat conductor material is the greatest possible specific electrical resistance and the lowest possible change in the ratio of heat resistance/cold resistance to temperature (temperature coefficient ct).
- the underlying object of the invention is to design alloys with contents of nickel, chromium, and Si similar to the alloys in accordance with the prior art in Tables 1 and 2, but that have
- This object is attained using an iron-nickel-chromium-silicon alloy having (in wt. %) 19 to 34% or 42 to 87% nickel, 12 to 26% chromium, 0.75 to 2.5% silicon, and additions of 0.05 to 1% Al, 0.01 to 1% Mn, 0.01 to 0.26% lanthanum, 0.0005 to 0.05% magnesium, 0.04 to 0.14% carbon, 0.02 to 0.14% nitrogen, moreover including 0.0005 to 0.07% Ca, 0.002 to 0.020% P, max. 0.01% sulfur, max. 0.005% B, the remainder iron and the usual process-related impurities.
- these alloys Due to their special composition, these alloys have a longer service life than the alloys in accordance with the prior art that have comparable nickel and chromium contents. In addition, it is possible to attain enhanced dimensional stability and less sagging than the alloys in accordance with the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a plot of relative burn time as a function of La content
- FIG. 2 is a plot of sagging as a function of N content
- FIG. 3 is a plot of sagging as a function of C content.
- the range for the element nickel is either between 19 to 34% or 42 to 87%, the following nickel contents being possible depending on use and being adjusted in the alloy regardless of the use.
- Preferred Ni ranges between 19 and 34% are provided as follows:
- Preferred Ni ranges between 42 and 87% are provided as follows:
- the chromium content is between 12 and 26%, it being possible for there to be chromium content as follows, again depending on the area in which the alloy will be employed:
- the silicon content is between 0.75 and 2.5%, it being possible to adjust defined contents within the range depending on the area of application:
- the element aluminum is provided as an additive, specifically in contents of 0.05 to 1%. It can preferably be adjusted in the alloy as follows:
- inventive subject matter preferably proceeds from the fact that the material properties provided in the examples are essentially adjusted with the addition of the element lanthanum in contents of 0.01 to 0.26%. In this case, as well, defined values can be adjusted in the alloy, depending on the area of application:
- Carbon is added to the alloy in the same manner, in contents between 0.04 and 0.14%. Specifically content can be adjusted in the alloy as follows:
- Magnesium is also among the added elements, in contents of 0.0005 to 0.05%. Specifically, it is possible to adjust this element in the alloy as follows:
- the alloy can include calcium in contents between 0.0005 and 0.07%, especially 0.001 to 0.05% or 0.01 to 0.05%.
- the alloy can include phosphorus in contents between 0.002 and 0.020%, especially 0.005 to 0.02%.
- the elements sulfur and boron can be in the alloy as follows:
- the alloy can moreover include at least one of the elements Ce, Y, Zr, Hf, Ti, with contents of 0.01 to 0.3%, wherein when needed the elements may also be defined additives,
- E is the element in question and X E is the content of the element in question in percent.
- the alloy can include 0.01 to 0.3% of one or a plurality of the elements La, Ce, Y, Zr, Hf, Ti, whereby
- the alloy can contain between 0.01 to 1.0% of one or a plurality of the elements Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, Co, which can additionally be further limited as follows:
- the inventive alloy should preferably be used for employment in electrical heating elements, especially in electrical heating elements that require good dimensional stability and low sagging.
- Another specific application for the inventive alloy is use in furnace construction.
- the heat conductor service life test is performed on wires that have a diameter of 0.40 mm.
- the wire is clamped between 2 power supplies spaced 150 mm apart and is heated to 1150° C. by applying a voltage. Each heating interval to 1150° C. is performed for 2 minutes and then the power supply is interrupted for 15 seconds.
- the wire fails at the end of its service life in that the rest of the cross-section melts through.
- the burn time is the sum of the “On” times during the service life of the wire.
- the relative burn time tb is this figure as a percentage of the burn time for a reference lot.
- the sagging behavior of heating coils at the application temperature is investigated in a sagging test.
- the sagging of heating coils from the horizontal is determined after a certain period of time. The less sagging there is, the greater the dimensional stability or creep resistance of the material.
- soft annealed wire having a diameter of 1.29 mm is wound into spirals that have an interior diameter of 14 mm.
- a total of 6 heating coils are produced, each coil having 31 windings. All heating coils are brought to a uniform starting temperature of 1000° C. at the beginning of the test. The temperature is measured with a pyrometer. The test is performed at constant voltage with a switching cycle of 30 s “On”/30 s “Off”. The test concludes after 4 hours. After the heating coils have cooled, the sagging of the individual windings from the horizontal is measured and the mean of the 6 readings for the heating coils is found.
- FIG. 1 depicts the relative burn time as a function of La content, adjusted for the effects of Ni, Cr, and Si content. It can be seen that the relative burn time increases sharply as La content increases. An La content of 0.04 to 0.15% is particularly advantageous.
- FIG. 2 depicts how sagging is a function of N content, adjusted for the effects of Ni, Cr, Si and C content. It is already evident that sagging drops sharply as N content increases. An N content of 0.05 to 0.09% is especially advantageous.
- FIG. 3 indicates how sagging is a function of C content, adjusted for the effects of Ni, Cr, Si and N content. It is evident that sagging drops sharply as C content increases. C content of 0.04 to 0.10% is especially advantageous.
- Alloys having a low nickel content are particularly cost-effective. Therefore the alloys in the range from 19% to 34% Ni are of great interest, despite the worse temperature coefficients and lower specific electrical resistances in comparison to alloys with higher nickel content.
- the upper limit for the alloys having a low nickel content should be 34% (variant 1).
- the temperature coefficient increasingly improves with greater than 42% Ni.
- the specific electrical resistance is higher, as well.
- the nickel portion compared to alloys having high nickel content is relatively low, approx. 80%. Therefore 42% is a reasonable lower limit for the alloys having a higher nickel content (variant 2).
- Alloys with more than 87% no longer include enough Cr and Si to have adequate oxidation resistance.
- the upper limit for nickel content is therefore 87%.
- Cr content that is too low means that the Cr concentration drops below the critical limit too rapidly.
- the lower limit for chromium is therefore 12%.
- Cr content that is too high has a negative impact on the alloy's processability.
- the upper limit for Cr should therefore be 26%.
- a minimum content of 0.01% La is necessary to retain the effect La has of increasing oxidation resistance.
- the upper limit is set at 0.26%, which equals a PwE of 0.38. Greater values for PwE do not make sense in this case.
- Al is required for improving the processability of the alloy. A minimum content of 0.05% is therefore necessary. A content that is too high again has a negative effect on processability. Al content is therefore limited to 1%.
- a minimum content of 0.04% C is necessary for good dimensional stability and low sagging. C is limited to 0.14% because this element reduces oxidation resistance and processability.
- N A minimum content of 0.02% N is necessary for good dimensional stability and low sagging. N is limited to 0.14% because this element reduces oxidation resistance and processability.
- a minimum content of 0.0005% Mg is necessary; it improves the processability of the material.
- the limit is set at 0.05% because too much Mg has proved to have a negative effect.
- a minimum content of 0.0005% Ca is necessary because it enhances the processability of the material.
- the limit is established at 0.07% because too much CA has proved to have a negative effect.
- the sulfur and boron contents should be kept as low as possible because these surfactant elements have a negative effect on oxidation resistance. Therefore max. 0.01% S and max. 0.005% B are established.
- Copper is limited to max. 1% because this element reduces oxidation resistance.
- Pb is limited to max. 0.002% because this element reduces oxidation resistance. The same applies to Sn.
- a minimum content of 0.01% Mn is necessary for enhancing processability.
- Manganese is limited to 1% because this element also reduces oxidation resistance.
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/837,325 US20130200068A1 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2013-03-15 | Iron-nickel-chromium-silicon alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102007029400.1 | 2007-06-26 | ||
DE102007029400.1A DE102007029400B4 (de) | 2007-06-26 | 2007-06-26 | Eisen-Nickel-Chrom-Silizium-Legierung |
PCT/DE2008/000965 WO2009000230A1 (de) | 2007-06-26 | 2008-06-12 | Eisen-nickel-chrom-silizium-legierung |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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PCT/DE2008/000965 Continuation-In-Part WO2009000230A1 (de) | 2007-06-26 | 2008-06-12 | Eisen-nickel-chrom-silizium-legierung |
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US13/837,325 Division US20130200068A1 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2013-03-15 | Iron-nickel-chromium-silicon alloy |
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US20100172790A1 true US20100172790A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
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US12/646,756 Abandoned US20100172790A1 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2009-12-23 | Iron-nickel-chromium-silicon alloy |
US13/837,325 Abandoned US20130200068A1 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2013-03-15 | Iron-nickel-chromium-silicon alloy |
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US (2) | US20100172790A1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP2162558B1 (pt) |
JP (2) | JP5447864B2 (pt) |
KR (1) | KR101335009B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN101707948B (pt) |
BR (1) | BRPI0813917A8 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2690637C (pt) |
DE (1) | DE102007029400B4 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES2643635T3 (pt) |
MX (1) | MX2009013253A (pt) |
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WO2015038406A1 (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-19 | Eaton Corporation | Wear resistant alloy |
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CN116396094B (zh) * | 2023-03-24 | 2024-03-01 | 中铝郑州有色金属研究院有限公司 | 一种铁酸镍基陶瓷惰性阳极与金属导电块的连接方法 |
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- 2008-06-12 PL PL08773262T patent/PL2162558T3/pl unknown
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- 2008-06-12 SI SI200831882T patent/SI2162558T1/sl unknown
- 2008-06-12 EP EP08773262.4A patent/EP2162558B1/de active Active
- 2008-06-12 BR BRPI0813917A patent/BRPI0813917A8/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-12 CN CN200880019857.0A patent/CN101707948B/zh active Active
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2009
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2690637A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
BRPI0813917A2 (pt) | 2014-12-30 |
JP5626815B2 (ja) | 2014-11-19 |
WO2009000230A1 (de) | 2008-12-31 |
JP2013177691A (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
SI2162558T1 (sl) | 2017-11-30 |
MX2009013253A (es) | 2010-01-25 |
BRPI0813917A8 (pt) | 2016-05-03 |
KR20100022488A (ko) | 2010-03-02 |
EP2162558B1 (de) | 2017-08-09 |
ES2643635T3 (es) | 2017-11-23 |
PL2162558T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
JP5447864B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
CN101707948B (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
US20130200068A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
JP2010532425A (ja) | 2010-10-07 |
KR101335009B1 (ko) | 2013-11-29 |
DE102007029400B4 (de) | 2014-05-15 |
DE102007029400A1 (de) | 2009-01-02 |
CN101707948A (zh) | 2010-05-12 |
EP2162558A1 (de) | 2010-03-17 |
CA2690637C (en) | 2014-03-11 |
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