US20100070015A1 - Stents and catheters having improved stent deployment - Google Patents

Stents and catheters having improved stent deployment Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100070015A1
US20100070015A1 US12/556,997 US55699709A US2010070015A1 US 20100070015 A1 US20100070015 A1 US 20100070015A1 US 55699709 A US55699709 A US 55699709A US 2010070015 A1 US2010070015 A1 US 2010070015A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
stent
scaffold
balloon
catheter shaft
coating
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Abandoned
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US12/556,997
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English (en)
Inventor
Lucas Tradd Schneider
Bryan Matthew Ladd
Richard Kusleika
Rick Kravik
Sandra Kallio
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Covidien LP
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Ev3 Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Ev3 Inc filed Critical Ev3 Inc
Priority to US12/556,997 priority Critical patent/US20100070015A1/en
Publication of US20100070015A1 publication Critical patent/US20100070015A1/en
Assigned to EV3 INC. reassignment EV3 INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KRAVIK, RICK, KALLIO, SANDRA, KUSLEIKA, RICH, LADD, BRYAN MATTHEW, SCHNEIDER, LUCAS TRADD
Assigned to TYCO HEALTHCARE GROUP LP reassignment TYCO HEALTHCARE GROUP LP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EV3 PERIPHERAL, INC.
Priority to US13/937,820 priority patent/US20130304186A1/en
Priority to US15/235,377 priority patent/US10226370B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/962—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve
    • A61F2/966—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/958—Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/844—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents folded prior to deployment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2002/9505—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having retaining means other than an outer sleeve, e.g. male-female connector between stent and instrument
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/962—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve
    • A61F2/966—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod
    • A61F2002/9665—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod with additional retaining means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems for delivering an implant to a site in a body lumen. More particularly, this invention pertains to delivery systems for a vascular implant such as a self-expanding stent.
  • Stents are widely used for supporting a lumen structure in a patient's body.
  • stents may be used to maintain patency of a coronary artery, carotid artery, cerebral artery, femoral artery, other blood vessels including veins, or other body lumens such as the ureter, urethra, bronchus, esophagus, or other passage.
  • Stents are commonly metallic tubular structures made from stainless steel, Nitinol, Elgiloy, cobalt chrome alloys, tantalum, and other metals, although polymer stents are known. Stents can be permanent enduring implants, or can be bioabsorbable at least in part. Bioabsorbable stents can be polymeric, bio-polymeric, ceramic, bio-ceramic, or metallic, and may elute over time substances such as drugs. Non-bioabsorbable stents may also release drugs over time. Stents are passed through a body lumen in a collapsed state. At the point of an obstruction or other deployment site in the body lumen, the stent is expanded to an expanded diameter to support the lumen at the deployment site.
  • stents are comprised of tubes having multiple through holes or cells that are expanded by inflatable balloons at the deployment site.
  • This type of stent is often referred to as a “balloon expandable” stent.
  • Stent delivery systems for balloon expandable stents are typically comprised of an inflatable balloon mounted on a two lumen tube. The stent delivery system with stent compressed thereon can be advanced to a treatment site over a guidewire, and the balloon inflated to expand and deploy the stent.
  • stents are so-called “self expanding” stents and do not use balloons to cause the expansion of the stent.
  • An example of a self-expanding stent is a tube (e.g., a coil of wire or a tube comprised of cells) made of an elastically deformable material (e.g., a superelastic material such a nitinol).
  • Some self expanding stents are also comprised of tubes having multiple through holes or cells. This type of stent is secured in compression in a collapsed state to a stent delivery device. At the deployment site, stent compression is released and restoring forces within the stent cause the stent to self-expand to its enlarged diameter.
  • Other self-expanding stents are made of so-called shape-memory metals.
  • shape-memory stents experience a phase change at the elevated temperature of the human body. The phase change results in expansion from a collapsed state to an enlarged state.
  • a very popular type of self expanding stent is a cellular tube made from self-expanding nitinol, for example, the EverFlex stent from ev3, Inc. of Plymouth, Minn.
  • Cellular stents are commonly made by laser cutting of tubes, or cutting patterns into sheets followed by or preceded by welding the sheet into a tube shape, and other methods.
  • Another delivery technique for a self expanding stent is to mount the collapsed stent on a distal end of a stent delivery system.
  • a stent delivery system can be comprised of an outer tubular member and an inner tubular member.
  • the inner and outer tubular members are axially slideable relative to one another.
  • the stent (in the collapsed state) is mounted surrounding the inner tubular member at its distal end.
  • the outer tubular member also called the outer sheath
  • a guide wire Prior to advancing the stent delivery system through the body lumen, a guide wire is first passed through the body lumen to the deployment site.
  • the inner tube of the delivery system is hollow throughout at least a portion of its length such that it can be advanced over the guide wire to the deployment site.
  • the combined structure i.e., stent mounted on stent delivery system
  • the deployment system and/or the stent may include radiopaque markers to permit a physician to visualize positioning of the stent under fluoroscopy prior to deployment.
  • the outer sheath is retracted to expose the stent.
  • the exposed stent is free to self-expand within the body lumen. Following expansion of the stent, the inner tube is free to pass through the stent such that the delivery system can be removed through the body lumen leaving the stent in place at the deployment site.
  • prior art delivery systems can be moved when the implant is partially deployed, resulting in undesirable regional length changes in the implanted device. Changes in stent length during stent deployment can prevent a stent from being properly deployed over the intended treatment area, can compromise stent fracture resistance and can compromise stent fatigue life.
  • a stent includes a scaffold and a coating that restrains diametrical expansion of the scaffold. Dissolution or biodegradation of the coating allows the stent to expand or be expanded.
  • a stent includes a scaffold and a shell that restrains diametrical expansion of the scaffold. Dissolution or biodegradation of the shell allows the stent to expand or be expanded.
  • an implant delivery system includes a stent with a scaffold and a coating or shell that restrains diametrical expansion of the scaffold and a catheter on which the stent is mounted in a collapsed, restrained state.
  • dissolution fluid or biodegradation media Upon exposure to dissolution fluid or biodegradation media, dissolution or biodegradation of the coating or shell allows the stent to expand or be expanded.
  • an implant delivery system includes a stent with a scaffold and a coating that restrains diametrical expansion of the scaffold and an inflatable balloon mounted on the catheter beneath the stent.
  • a stent with a scaffold and a coating that restrains diametrical expansion of the scaffold and an inflatable balloon mounted on the catheter beneath the stent.
  • an inflatable balloon mounted on the catheter beneath the stent.
  • the coating or shell is compromised or fractured and the stent self-expands or is further expanded by further inflation of the balloon.
  • Exposure to dissolution fluid or biodegradation media causes fragments of the coating or shell to dissolve or biodegrade.
  • an implant delivery system includes a stent with a scaffold and a coating that restrains diametrical expansion of the scaffold and a slidable tubular sheath surrounding the catheter and restrained stent.
  • the coating or shell Upon proximal withdrawal of the sheath the coating or shell is exposed to dissolution fluid or biodegradation media and dissolution or biodegradation of the coating or shell allows the stent to expand or be expanded. Exposure to dissolution fluid or biodegradation media causes fragments of the coating or shell to dissolve or biodegrade.
  • an implant delivery system includes a stent with a scaffold and a coating that restrains diametrical expansion of the scaffold, and a slidable tubular sheath surrounding the catheter, an inflatable balloon and a restrained stent.
  • the stent is deployed by proximal withdrawal of the sheath followed by inflation of the balloon to compromise or fracture the coating or shell.
  • the stent then self-expands or is further expanded by further inflation of the balloon. Exposure to dissolution fluid or biodegradation media causes fragments of the coating or shell to dissolve or biodegrade.
  • an implant delivery system having a stent with a scaffold and a coating that restrains diametrical expansion of the scaffold is delivered to a treatment site, a slidable tubular sheath surrounding the catheter, an inflatable balloon and a restrained stent, is delivered to a treatment site.
  • the balloon is inflated until the sliding friction of the stent against the balloon is greater than the sliding friction of the stent against the outer sheath.
  • the outer sheath is then retracted to expose the stent which self expands upon exposure.
  • the stent may be further expanded by further inflation of the balloon.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic side view of an implant delivery system having features in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 1B , 1 C and 2 illustrate schematic cross sectional views of stent and stent implant system embodiments having features in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C , 4 , and 5 A to 5 D illustrate schematic cross sectional views of implant delivery systems having features in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 6A , 6 B, 6 C, 7 , 8 A, 8 B, 8 C and 8 D illustrate schematic side views of implant delivery systems having features in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate implant delivery system 1 comprised of stent 10 , catheter shaft 5 with hub 3 and guidewire lumen 6 extending through catheter shaft and hub.
  • Catheter shaft 5 is relatively flexible, may be comprised of a polymeric material such as nylon or PEBAX, and may range in length from 60 cm to 300 cm.
  • Catheter outside diameter may range from about 2 Fr to about 10 Fr.
  • Guidewire lumen 6 diameter may be large enough to allow passage of guidewires ranging in diameter from 0.009′′ to 0.038′′.
  • Hub 3 is sealingly attached to catheter shaft 5 , is adapted to reversibly connect to other medical devices (for example by means of a luer fitting) and may be comprised of polycarbonate.
  • Stent 10 is comprised of scaffold 12 and coating 14 .
  • scaffold may be self expanding, balloon expandable, tubular, comprised of cells, comprised of coils, comprised of metals, polymer, ceramics, or other materials, or may have other characteristics.
  • scaffold 12 includes Nitinol tubing having cellular openings and having suitable heat treatment to cause scaffold 12 to self-expand at human body temperatures.
  • Scaffold 12 configurations suitable for the invention include but are not limited to tapered, flared, braided, bifurcated, fracturable, mesh covered, scaffolds comprised of radiopaque markers, and other scaffolds as are known in the art. Long scaffolds are especially suited to the invention. Implant delivery systems 1 for scaffolds having lengths of from 20-400 mm are contemplated.
  • implant delivery system 1 can deliver and deploy a 30 mm scaffold. In other embodiments, implant delivery system 1 can deliver and deploy a 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 150 mm, 180 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm or 350 mm scaffold. As shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C , coating 14 may optionally be applied to catheter shaft 5 outer diameter along some or all of the scaffold length and may be applied to at least one of outer surface, inner surface, or through thickness of scaffold 12 . In some embodiments coating 14 covers the exposed edges of stent 10 so as to form a smooth exterior coated stent surface.
  • Coating 14 when applied and hardened, maintains stent 10 at an unexpanded diameter and a fixed length prior to stent deployment. Coating 14 may cause stent to adhere directly to inner member. Coating 14 may be comprised of biodegradable materials, or may be comprised of materials that dissolve in the body or in the bloodstream. In some embodiments coating 14 includes sugar, carbowax, polyethylene oxide, poly vinyl alcohol or other materials.
  • Coating 14 may be applied by spray, dip, or other processes to unexpanded stent and allowed to harden, may be applied to expanded stent and allowed to harden after stent is compressed, may be applied to and hardened on expanded stent so as to maintain scaffold in an unexpanded diameter after subsequent stent compression, or may be applied and hardened by other methods.
  • coating 14 can dissolve or biodegrade over time so as to release the scaffold. In some embodiments coating 14 can dissolve or biodegrade when in contact with blood to allow expansion of scaffold 12 .
  • scaffold release times of 0.5 to 300 seconds are contemplated. In one embodiment, scaffold release time is approximately 1 second. In other embodiments, scaffold release time is approximately 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 or 240 seconds.
  • a change in scaffold 12 length of less than 10% upon expansion from a contracted to an expanded configuration is contemplated. In other embodiments, scaffold 12 length change upon expansion from a contracted to an expanded configuration is less than 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%.
  • Coating 14 may be comprised of bioactive materials such as antirestenotic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antithrombotic agents, antiatheromatic (antiatheroma) agents, antioxidative agents, or other agents.
  • Bioactive coating materials may be released from the coating into surrounding tissue or blood and may have a diagnostic or therapeutic action on tissue or blood.
  • a guidewire is advance into a patient's femoral artery using known techniques, through a patient's vessel and past a treatment site.
  • Stent 10 is loaded onto implant delivery system 1 and introduced over the guidewire into the patient's vessel.
  • Stent 10 is restrained from expanding by coating 14 .
  • the stent and implant delivery system combination is advanced over the guidewire and through the patients vessel until stent 10 is located at a treatment site, for example within a stenosis in a femoral artery.
  • Stent 10 is deployed by allowing coating 14 to dissolve or to biodegrade thereby allowing scaffold 12 to self-expand.
  • Catheter shaft 5 is then withdrawn through the patient's vessel and out of the patient's body. Any of coating that is pinned between scaffold and the vessel, attached to scaffold, or which embolizes from the treatment site dissolves or biodegrades over time. Scaffold 10 does not change length upon deployment because the scaffold is immobilized on catheter shaft 5 by coating 14 during delivery to the treatment site and because there is no sheath to draw past the stent during deployment.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates implant delivery system 1 comprised of stent 20 , catheter shaft 5 with hub (not shown) and guidewire lumen 6 extending through catheter shaft and hub.
  • Stent 20 includes scaffold 12 and shell 24 .
  • Shell 24 surrounds scaffold 12 and may form a smooth exterior surface over stent 20 .
  • Shell 24 maintains stent 20 at an unexpanded diameter prior to stent deployment and may be comprised of biodegradable materials, or may be comprised of materials that dissolve in the body or in the bloodstream.
  • shell 24 includes sugar, carbowax, polyethylene oxide, poly vinyl alcohol, poly lactic acid (PLA), poly glycolic acid (PGA), poly lactic glycolic acid (PLGA), poly (c-caprolactone) copolymers, polydioxanone, poly(propylene fumarate) poly(trimethylene carbonate) copolymers, polyhydroxy alkanoates, polyphosphazenes, polyanhydrides, poly(ortho esters), poly(amino acids), or “pseudo”-poly(amino acids).
  • the resorption or dissolution time of shell 24 can be varied by varying the ratio of constituent materials or by other means.
  • the shell material may be axially or biaxially oriented or may have other structure.
  • Shell 24 may be comprised of tubing into which scaffold 12 is inserted, or of film which is wrapped around compressed scaffold, or other structures, and may be applied by other application methods.
  • Shell may be slit, perforated, have a high ability to stretch, may soften abruptly or substantially when heated to near body temperature, or have other characteristics to aid with shell fracture during scaffold expansion.
  • shell 24 can dissolve or biodegrade over time so as to release scaffold. In some embodiments shell 24 can dissolve or biodegrade when in contact with blood to allow expansion of scaffold 12 .
  • scaffold release times of 0.5 to 300 seconds are contemplated. In one embodiment, the scaffold release time is approximately 1 second. In other embodiments, the scaffold release time is approximately 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 or 240 seconds.
  • a change in scaffold 12 length of less than 10% upon expansion from a contracted to an expanded configuration is contemplated. In other embodiments, scaffold 12 length change upon expansion from a contracted to an expanded configuration is less than 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%.
  • Shell 24 may be comprised of bioactive materials such as antirestenotic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antithrombotic agents, antiatheromatic (antiatheroma) agents, antioxidative agents, or other agents.
  • Bioactive coating materials may be released from the coating into surrounding tissue or blood and may have a diagnostic or therapeutic action on tissue or blood.
  • a guidewire is advance into a patient's femoral artery using known techniques, through a patient's vessel and past a treatment site.
  • Stent 20 is loaded onto implant delivery system 1 and introduced over the guidewire into the patient's vessel.
  • Stent 20 is restrained from expanding by shell 24 .
  • the stent and implant delivery system combination is advanced over the guidewire and through the patients vessel until stent 20 is located at a treatment site, for example within a stenosis in a carotid artery.
  • Stent 20 is deployed by allowing shell 24 to dissolve or to biodegrade thereby allowing scaffold to self-expand.
  • Shell may fracture upon expansion of scaffold, and such fracture may be assisted by preplaced slits, slots, local thinning of wall thickness of shell, or other means.
  • Catheter shaft 5 is then withdrawn through the patient's vessel and out of the patient's body. Any of shell 24 that is pinned between scaffold and the vessel, attached to scaffold, or which embolizes from the treatment site dissolves or biodegrades over time. Scaffold 12 does not change length on deployment because the scaffold is immobilized on catheter shaft 5 during delivery to the treatment site and because there is no sheath to draw past the stent during deployment
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate an example of a Rapid Exchange (RX) delivery system 30 comprised of stent 32 , catheter shaft 35 having balloon inflation lumen (not shown), guidewire lumen 36 , guidewire lumen exit skive 39 and inflation hub 33 , and balloon 31 .
  • Catheter shaft 35 is relatively flexible, may be comprised of a polymeric material such as nylon or PEBAX, and may range in length from 60 cm to 300 cm.
  • Catheter shaft 35 outside diameter may range from about 2 Fr to about 10 Fr.
  • Guidewire lumen 36 diameter may be large enough to allow passage of guidewires ranging in diameter from 0.009′′ to 0.038′′.
  • Hub 33 is sealingly attached to catheter shaft 35 , is adapted to reversibly connect to other medical devices (for example by means of a luer fitting) and may be comprised of polycarbonate.
  • Balloon 31 is sealingly attached at both proximal and distal ends to catheter shaft 35 and may be comprised of biaxially oriented nylon, polyester, Pebax, polyolefin, or other materials.
  • Stent 32 may be comprised of stents 10 , 20 or other stents, is shown in an unexpanded configuration in FIGS. 3A and 3B and in an expanded configuration in FIG. 3C .
  • Stent 32 is deployed by connecting an inflation device (not shown) to hub 33 and pressurizing balloon inflation lumen with fluid or gas so as to expand balloon 31 thereby expanding stent 32 .
  • stent 32 is fully expanded into contact with vessel wall by expansion of balloon 31 .
  • a guidewire is advanced into a patient's femoral artery using known techniques, through a patient's vessel and past a treatment site.
  • a stent 32 (for example stent 10 , 20 ) is loaded onto implant delivery system 30 and introduced over the guidewire into the patient's vessel.
  • the stent and implant delivery system combination is advanced over the guidewire and through the patient's vessel until the stent is located at a treatment site, for example within a stenosis in a carotid artery.
  • Stent 10 , 20 is deployed by inflating balloon 31 thereby causing coating 14 or shell 24 to fracture and stent to expand.
  • Catheter 35 is then withdrawn through the patient's vessel and out of the patient's body. Any of coating or shell that is pinned under scaffold, or which embolizes, dissolves/degrades over time. Stent 10 , 20 does not change length on deployment because the stent is immobilized on catheter shaft 35 during delivery to the treatment site and because there is no sheath to draw past the stent during deployment.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an Over The Wire (OTW) delivery system 40 comprised of stent 42 , catheter shaft 45 having balloon inflation lumen (not shown), guidewire lumen (not shown) and manifold 47 , and balloon 41 .
  • Manifold 47 includes guidewire lumen exit port 49 and inflation hub 43 .
  • Catheter shaft 45 , guidewire lumen, balloon 41 , and inflation hub 43 have substantially the same construction, dimensions, and function as catheter shaft 35 , guidewire lumen 36 , balloon 31 , and inflation hub 33 described above in conjunction with FIGS. 3A to 3C .
  • Manifold 47 is sealingly attached to catheter shaft 45 and may be comprised of polycarbonate.
  • Guidewire lumen exit port 49 and inflation hub 43 are adapted to reversibly connect to other medical devices (for example by means of a luer fitting).
  • Stent 42 may be comprised of stents 10 , 20 or other stents and is shown in an expanded configuration in
  • Stent 42 is deployed by connecting inflation device (not shown) to hub 43 and pressurizing balloon inflation lumen with fluid or gas so as to expand balloon 41 thereby expanding stent 42 .
  • inflation device not shown
  • stent 42 is fully expanded into contact with vessel wall by expansion of balloon 41 .
  • OW Over The Wire
  • FIGS. 5A , 5 B, 5 C and 5 D illustrate further embodiments of implant delivery systems having features in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates implant delivery system 50 comprised of implant delivery system 30 , 40 with modifications to the distal balloon containing portion of implant delivery system 30 , 40 .
  • Proximal region of system 50 includes catheter shaft 35 , 45 having balloon inflation lumen 51 a and guidewire lumen 55 a, inflation hub 33 , 43 (not shown) and either guidewire lumen exit skive 39 (not shown) in catheter shaft 35 or manifold 47 (not shown) attached to catheter shaft 45 as described above for systems 30 , 40 .
  • Distal region of system 50 includes catheter shaft 35 , 45 , balloon 51 , stent 52 , band 56 a and adhesive 54 .
  • Balloon 51 is sealingly attached to catheter shaft 35 , 45 at proximal and distal bonds 51 p, 51 d and may be comprised of compliant, semi compliant, non-compliant, or low pressure balloon materials and may be comprised of biaxially oriented nylon, polyester, Pebax, polyolefin, or other materials.
  • balloon 51 includes highly elastic materials such as polyurethane elastomers.
  • Stent 52 may be comprised of stent 10 , stent 20 , or any stent to which adhesive 54 can bond.
  • stent 54 configurations suitable for the invention include but are not limited to cellular stents, fracturable stents, coil stents, covered stents, stent grafts, mesh covered stents, tapered stents, flared stents, braided stents, bifurcation stents, and other stents as are known in the art. Long stents are especially suited to the invention. Implant delivery systems 50 for stents having lengths of from 20 to 400 mm are contemplated.
  • a stent delivery system 50 can deliver and deploy a 30 mm stent. In other embodiments, a stent delivery system 50 can deliver and deploy a 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 150 mm, 180 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm or 350 mm stent.
  • Band 56 a is attached to catheter shaft 35 , 45 by friction fit and may be comprised of materials such as metal, Elgiloy, platinum, platinum alloy, nickel-titanium alloy, engineering polymer, liquid crystal polymer, polyester, nylon, or other materials. Edges of band are rounded so as to not promote balloon burst upon balloon inflation. Band 56 a sandwiches balloon 51 between band and catheter shaft. Band is configured to allow inflation of the portion of balloon 51 that does not underlie band 56 a. In one embodiment band 56 a takes the form of a coiled ribbon. In another embodiment, outer surface of catheter 35 , 45 has a groove therealong to receive band 56 a.
  • Adhesive 54 attaches stent 52 to band 56 a and may be comprised of biodegradable or dissolvable materials such as poly lactic acid (PLA), poly glycolic acid (PGA), or poly lactic glycolic acid (PLGA), or may be comprised of EVA, polyurethane, nylon, or other materials. In some embodiments adhesive extends into openings through wall thickness of stent 52 .
  • band 56 b includes one or more patches or islands of material having circular, oval, irregular, or other shape and is further comprised of one or more of the materials used to construct band 56 a.
  • Band 56 b is bonded to balloon 51 , and balloon 51 is locally bonded to catheter shaft 35 , 45 in the region underlying band 56 b by means of heat, adhesive, or other means. Local bonds of balloon 51 to catheter shaft 35 , 45 are arranged in a pattern that allows flow to inflate unbonded portion of balloon.
  • balloon is locally bonded to catheter shaft 35 , 45 by means of heat, adhesive, or other means over a patch or island having circular, oval, irregular, or other shape and band 56 c includes the bonded region or patch or island.
  • Adhesive 54 attaches stent 52 to band 56 b, 56 c and may be comprised of biodegradable or dissolvable materials such as poly lactic acid (PLA), poly glycolic acid (PGA), or poly lactic glycolic acid (PLGA), or may be comprised of EVA, polyurethane, nylon, or other materials.
  • adhesive extends into openings through wall thickness of stent 52 .
  • a guidewire is advanced into a patient's femoral artery using known techniques, through a patient's vessel and past a treatment site.
  • Stent 52 for example stent 10 , 20 , or other stent
  • Stent delivery system 50 is loaded onto stent delivery system 50 and introduced over the guidewire into the patient's vessel.
  • the stent and stent delivery system combination is advanced over the guidewire and through the patients vessel until the stent is located at a treatment site, for example within a stenosis in a popliteal artery.
  • Stent 52 is deployed by inflating balloon 51 thereby fracturing adhesive 54 attachments between band(s) 56 a, 56 b, 56 c and stent 52 , causing or allowing stent to expand.
  • Catheter shaft 35 , 45 is then withdrawn through the patient's vessel and out of the patient's body.
  • biodegradable or dissolvable adhesive 54 any of adhesive that is pinned under stent 52 , or which embolizes, dissolves or degrades over time.
  • Stent 52 does not change length on deployment because the stent is immobilized on catheter shaft 35 during delivery to the treatment site and because there is no sheath to draw past the stent during deployment.
  • FIGS. 6A , 6 B, 8 A, 8 B, 8 C and 8 D illustrate RX delivery system 60 comprised of implant delivery catheter 66 having distal region 80 and stent 82 .
  • Implant delivery catheter 66 includes catheter shaft 65 , guidewire lumen 65 a, proximal guidewire exit skive 69 , proximal handle 68 , sheath 84 and distal manifold 67 .
  • Proximal handle 68 is sealingly attached to catheter shaft 65 and may be comprised of polycarbonate.
  • Catheter shaft 65 is relatively flexible, may be comprised of a polymeric material such as nylon or PEBAX, and may range in length from 60 cm to 300 cm. Catheter outside diameter may range from about 2 Fr to about 10 Fr.
  • Guidewire lumen 65 a diameter may be large enough to allow passage of guidewires ranging in diameter from 0.009′′ to 0.038′′.
  • Distal manifold 67 is sealingly attached to sheath 84 and may be comprised of polycarbonate.
  • Sheath 84 may be comprised of braid-reinforced polyester, non-reinforced polymers such as nylon or polyester, or other materials, and adapted to resist kinking and to transmit axial forces along its length. Sheath 84 may be constructed so as to have varying degrees of flexibility along its length. In one embodiment ( FIG. 6C ) sheath 84 includes seal 84 a, weep holes 84 b, or both.
  • Seal prevents liquids and body fluids from contacting stent 82 when sheath is fully advanced to cover stent 82 , and may be constructed of elastomeric materials such as low durometer PEBAX, polyurethane, or other materials.
  • Weep holes 84 b allow annular space between sheath 84 and catheter shaft 65 to be purged of air.
  • Stent 82 may be comprised of stent 10 , 20 , or other stents.
  • coating 14 or shell 24 is substantially shielded from dissolution or biodegradation causing media due to barrier properties of sheath in combination with sheath seal.
  • implant delivery catheter 66 is further comprised of balloon 81 ( FIG. 8D ), balloon inflation lumen within catheter 65 (not shown), and balloon inflation hub 63 .
  • Hub 63 is sealingly attached to proximal handle 88 , is adapted to reversibly connect to other medical devices (for example by means of a luer fitting) and may be comprised of polycarbonate.
  • Balloon 81 is sealingly attached at both proximal and distal ends to catheter shaft 65 and may be comprised of biaxially oriented nylon, polyester, Pebax, polyolefin, or other materials.
  • balloon 81 is constructed such that the coefficient of friction of the balloon in contact with stent 82 is greater than the coefficient of friction of sheath 84 in contact with stent 82 .
  • FIGS. 7 , 8 A, 8 B, 8 C and 8 D illustrate OTW delivery system 70 comprised of implant delivery catheter 76 having distal region 80 and stent 82 .
  • Implant delivery catheter 76 includes catheter shaft 75 , guidewire lumen (not shown), proximal guidewire exit port 79 , proximal handle 78 , sheath 84 and distal manifold 77 a.
  • Sheath 84 may optionally be comprised of seal 84 a, weep holes 84 b, or both and distal manifold 77 a includes infusion tube with stopcock 77 b.
  • Catheter shaft 75 , guidewire lumen, proximal handle 78 and distal manifold have substantially the same construction, dimensions, and function as catheter shaft 65 , guidewire lumen 65 a, proximal handle 68 and distal manifold 67 described above in conjunction with FIGS. 6A to 6D .
  • Stent 82 may be comprised of stent 10 , 20 , or other stents.
  • coating 14 or shell 24 is substantially shielded from dissolution or biodegradation causing media due to barrier properties of sheath in combination with sheath seal.
  • implant delivery catheter 76 is further comprised of balloon 81 ( FIG. 8D ), balloon inflation lumen within catheter 75 (not shown), and balloon inflation hub 73 .
  • Hub 73 is sealingly attached to proximal guidewire exit port 79 , is adapted to reversibly connect to other medical devices (for example by means of a luer fitting) and may be comprised of polycarbonate.
  • Balloon 81 is sealingly attached at both proximal and distal ends to catheter shaft 75 and may be comprised of biaxially oriented nylon, polyester, Pebax, polyolefin, or other materials.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8C An exemplary method of using implant delivery system 60 , 70 with stent 82 is now described with the assistance of FIGS. 8A to 8C .
  • a guidewire is advanced into a patient's femoral artery using known techniques, through a patient's vessel and past a treatment site.
  • Stent 82 (for example stent 10 , 20 ) is loaded onto stent delivery system 60 , 70 ( FIG. 8A ) and introduced over the guidewire into the patient's vessel.
  • the stent and stent delivery system combination is advanced over the guidewire and through the patients vessel until the stent is located at a treatment site, for example within a stenosis in an iliac artery.
  • Stent 82 is deployed by sliding proximal handle 68 , 78 and distal manifold 67 , 77 a closer together, thereby causing sheath 84 to withdraw proximally and uncover stent 82 ( FIG. 8B ). Withdrawal of sheath from stent 10 , 20 allows blood and/or media to contact coating or shell thereby releasing stent restraint after dissolution or biodegradation of coating or shell, allowing stent to self-expand ( FIG. 8C ). Catheter 66 , 76 is then withdrawn through the patient's vessel and out of the patient's body. Because the coating or shell restrains the stent from expanding or changing length sheath withdrawal force is reduced and the stent does not change length on deployment.
  • sheath 84 is partially withdrawn from stent 82 so as to allow uncovered portion of stent to expand into contact with the vessel wall, thereby providing frictional localization of the expanded portion of the stent against the vessel wall.
  • sheath seal 84 a prevents blood and/or media to contact stent 82 during stent delivery in the patient, thereby preventing expansion of stent 82 secondary to premature dissolution or biodegradation of coating 14 or shell 24 .
  • 70 prior to introduction into a patient delivery system 60 , 70 is flushed with fluid to purge air by connecting a syringe filled with flushing solution (e.g. saline) to distal manifold 67 , 77 a and forcing flushing solution through sheath 84 and out weep holes 84 b, thereby preventing flushing fluid from contacting stent 82 and potentially causing premature dissolution or biodegradation of coating 14 or shell 24 .
  • flushing solution e.g. saline
  • balloon 81 is inflated after withdrawal of sheath 84 ( FIG. 8D ) by connecting inflation device (not shown) to hub 63 , 73 and pressurizing balloon inflation lumen with fluid or gas thereby causing stent 82 to expand after fracture or compromise of coating or shell.
  • stent 82 is fully expanded into contact with vessel wall by expansion of balloon. Because the coating or shell restrains the stent from expanding or changing length and because the stent is expanded by balloon, sheath withdrawal force is reduced and the stent does not change length on deployment.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8D An alternate exemplary method of using embodiments of implant delivery system 60 , 70 where balloon 81 is incorporated into the system with stent 82 is now described with the assistance of FIGS. 8A to 8D .
  • a guidewire is advanced into a patient's femoral artery using known techniques, through a patient's vessel and past a treatment site.
  • Stent 82 (for example any stent that self expands when not restrained by another device or component) is loaded onto stent delivery system 60 , 70 ( FIG. 8A ) and introduced over the guidewire into the patient's vessel.
  • the stent and stent delivery system combination is advanced over the guidewire and through the patients vessel until the stent is located at a treatment site, for example within a stenosis in a carotid artery.
  • Balloon 81 is inflated prior to withdrawal of sheath 84 ( FIG. 8A , balloon not shown) by connecting inflation device (not shown) to hub 63 , 73 and pressurizing balloon inflation lumen with fluid or gas until sliding friction of stent 82 against balloon 81 exceeds sliding friction of stent 82 against sheath 84 .
  • Stent 82 is deployed by sliding proximal handle 68 , 78 and distal manifold 67 , 77 a closer together, thereby causing sheath 84 to withdraw proximally and uncover stent 82 ( FIG. 8D ).
  • Catheter 66 , 76 is then withdrawn through the patient's vessel and out of the patient's body. Because the inflated balloon restrains the stent from changing length (for example buckling, stretching, kinking, or “bunching up”) in the sheath, sheath withdrawal force is reduced and the stent does not change length on deployment.
  • the various examples of the present invention have related to stents and stent delivery systems, the scope of the present invention is not so limited.
  • the various aspects of the present invention are also applicable to systems for delivering other types of expandable implants.
  • other types of expanding implants include anastomosis devices, blood filters, grafts, vena cava filters, percutaneous valves, aneurism treatment devices, or other devices.

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US12/556,997 2008-09-10 2009-09-10 Stents and catheters having improved stent deployment Abandoned US20100070015A1 (en)

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US13/937,820 US20130304186A1 (en) 2008-09-10 2013-07-09 Stents and catheters having improved stent deployment
US15/235,377 US10226370B2 (en) 2008-09-10 2016-08-12 Stents and catheters having improved stent deployment

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JP2012501803A (ja) 2012-01-26
CN102307547A (zh) 2012-01-04
EP2334267A1 (en) 2011-06-22
CA2736649A1 (en) 2010-03-18
US10226370B2 (en) 2019-03-12
US20130304186A1 (en) 2013-11-14
US20160361186A1 (en) 2016-12-15
WO2010030766A1 (en) 2010-03-18
KR20110056539A (ko) 2011-05-30

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