US20100051552A1 - In-line sensors for dialysis applications - Google Patents

In-line sensors for dialysis applications Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20100051552A1
US20100051552A1 US12/200,488 US20048808A US2010051552A1 US 20100051552 A1 US20100051552 A1 US 20100051552A1 US 20048808 A US20048808 A US 20048808A US 2010051552 A1 US2010051552 A1 US 2010051552A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
dialysis
water
sensor
sensing
dialysis solution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/200,488
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Justin B. Rohde
William W. Han
Elizabeth A. Everitt
Michael E. Hogard
Ying-Cheng Lo
Erin M. Copeland
William P. Burns
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baxter Healthcare SA
Baxter International Inc
Original Assignee
Baxter Healthcare SA
Baxter International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baxter Healthcare SA, Baxter International Inc filed Critical Baxter Healthcare SA
Priority to US12/200,488 priority Critical patent/US20100051552A1/en
Assigned to BAXTER HEALTHCARE S.A., BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC. reassignment BAXTER HEALTHCARE S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BURNS, WILLIAM P., COPELAND, ERIN M., EVERITT, ELIZABETH A., HAN, WILLIAM W., HOGARD, MICHAEL E., LO, YING-CHENG, ROHDE, JUSTIN B.
Priority to ES09789836T priority patent/ES2394911T3/es
Priority to PL09789836T priority patent/PL2320969T3/pl
Priority to CA2733511A priority patent/CA2733511A1/en
Priority to MX2011002196A priority patent/MX2011002196A/es
Priority to CN200980133542.3A priority patent/CN102131533B/zh
Priority to JP2011525031A priority patent/JP5684127B2/ja
Priority to PCT/US2009/047591 priority patent/WO2010024963A1/en
Priority to BRPI0917238A priority patent/BRPI0917238A2/pt
Priority to EP09789836A priority patent/EP2320969B1/en
Publication of US20100051552A1 publication Critical patent/US20100051552A1/en
Priority to US15/941,278 priority patent/US11400193B2/en
Priority to US17/878,412 priority patent/US20220362445A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1601—Control or regulation
    • A61M1/1603—Regulation parameters
    • A61M1/1605—Physical characteristics of the dialysate fluid
    • A61M1/1607—Physical characteristics of the dialysate fluid before use, i.e. upstream of dialyser
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A61M1/166—Heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A61M1/1674—Apparatus for preparing dialysates using UV radiation sources for sterilising the dialysate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1694—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes with recirculating dialysing liquid
    • A61M1/1696—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes with recirculating dialysing liquid with dialysate regeneration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
    • A61M1/287—Dialysates therefor

Definitions

  • This patent relates generally to medical fluid delivery systems and methods. More particularly, this patent discloses systems, methods and apparatuses for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors for sensing and measuring species in fluids involved in dialysis, such as peritoneal dialysis fluid, hemodialysis fluid, and blood.
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • Renal failure produces several physiological impairments and difficulties.
  • the balance of water, minerals and the excretion of daily metabolic load is no longer possible and toxic end products of nitrogen metabolism (urea, creatinine, uric acid, and others) can accumulate in blood and tissue.
  • Kidney failure and reduced kidney function have been treated with dialysis. Dialysis removes waste, toxins and excess water from the body that would otherwise have been removed by normal functioning kidneys. Dialysis treatment for replacement of kidney functions is critical to many people because the treatment is life saving.
  • Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are two types of dialysis therapies used commonly to treat loss of kidney function.
  • a hemodialysis (“HD”) treatment utilizes the patient's blood to remove waste, toxins and excess water from the patient.
  • the patient is connected to a hemodialysis machine and the patient's blood is pumped through the machine.
  • Catheters or needles are inserted into the patient's veins and arteries, or an artificial graft so blood can flow to and from the hemodialysis machine.
  • the blood passes through a dialyzer of the machine, which removes waste, toxins and excess water from the blood.
  • the cleaned blood is returned to the patient.
  • a large amount of dialysate for example about 120 liters, is consumed to dialyze the blood during a single hemodialysis therapy.
  • Hemodialysis treatment lasts several hours and is generally performed in a treatment center about three or four times per week.
  • HF hemofiltration
  • substitution or replacement fluid to the extracorporeal circuit during treatment (typically ten to ninety liters of such fluid). That substitution fluid and the fluid accumulated by the patient in between treatments is ultrafiltered over the course of the HF treatment, providing a convective transport mechanism that is particularly beneficial in removing middle and large molecules.
  • HDF Hemodiafiltration
  • hemodiafiltration is another blood treatment modality that combines convective and diffusive clearances.
  • HDF uses dialysate to flow through a dialyzer, similar to standard hemodialysis, providing diffusive clearance.
  • substitution solution is provided directly to the extracorporeal circuit, providing convective clearance.
  • Peritoneal dialysis uses a dialysis solution, referred to as dialysate, which is infused into a patient's peritoneal cavity via a catheter.
  • the dialysate contacts the peritoneal membrane of the peritoneal cavity. Waste, toxins and excess water pass from the patient's bloodstream, through the peritoneal membrane and into the dialysate due to diffusion and osmosis, i.e., an osmotic gradient occurs across the membrane.
  • the spent dialysate is drained from the patient, removing waste, toxins and excess water from the patient. This cycle is repeated.
  • CAPD continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  • APD automated peritoneal dialysis
  • CFPD continuous flow peritoneal dialysis
  • CAPD is a manual dialysis treatment.
  • the patient manually connects an implanted catheter to a drain, allowing spent dialysate fluid to drain from the peritoneal cavity.
  • the patient then connects the catheter to a bag of fresh dialysate, infusing fresh dialysate through the catheter and into the patient.
  • the patient disconnects the catheter from the fresh dialysate bag and allows the dialysate to dwell within the peritoneal cavity, wherein the transfer of waste, toxins and excess water takes place.
  • the patient repeats the manual dialysis procedure, for example, four times per day, each treatment lasting about an hour.
  • Manual peritoneal dialysis requires a significant amount of time and effort from the patient, leaving ample room for improvement.
  • APD Automated peritoneal dialysis
  • CAPD Automated peritoneal dialysis
  • APD machines perform the cycles automatically, typically while the patient sleeps.
  • APD machines free patients from having to manually perform the treatment cycles and from having to transport supplies during the day.
  • APD machines connect fluidly to an implanted catheter, to a source or bag of fresh dialysate and to a fluid drain.
  • APD machines pump fresh dialysate from a dialysate source, through the catheter, into the patient's peritoneal cavity, and allow the dialysate to dwell within the cavity, and allow the transfer of waste, toxins and excess water to take place.
  • the source can be multiple sterile dialysate solution bags.
  • APD machines pump spent dialysate from the peritoneal cavity, though the catheter, to the drain. As with the manual process, several drain, fill and dwell cycles occur during APD. A “last fill” may occur at the end of CAPD and APD, which remains in the peritoneal cavity of the patient until the next treatment.
  • Both CAPD and APD are batch type systems that send spent dialysis fluid to a drain.
  • Tidal flow systems are modified batch systems. With tidal flow, instead of removing all of the fluid from the patient over a longer period of time, a portion of the fluid is removed and replaced after smaller increments of time.
  • Continuous flow, or CFPD, systems may clean or regenerate spent dialysate instead of discarding it.
  • the systems pump fluid into and out of the patient, through a loop.
  • Dialysate flows into the peritoneal cavity through one catheter lumen and out another catheter lumen.
  • the fluid exiting the patient passes through a reconstitution device that removes waste from the dialysate, e.g., via a urea removal column that employs urease to enzymatically convert urea into ammonia.
  • the ammonia is then removed from the dialysate by adsorption prior to reintroduction of the dialysate into the peritoneal cavity. Additional sensors are employed to monitor the removal of ammonia.
  • CFPD systems are typically more complicated than batch systems.
  • the dialysis fluid including the water used to make the dialysis fluid.
  • the purity of the incoming water is obviously important. In home situations, there is typically no control or monitoring of the water from a city main or from a person's well.
  • the dialysis fluid may be useful to at least check its complete composition, at least to insure that the proper fluid is being used. At present this cannot be done without taking a sample to a lab for testing and analysis. If more than one type of fluid is being used for peritoneal or other dialysis treatment, it may be useful to check the composition of each container, to insure that the proper containers have been procured and are connected correctly to the peritoneal dialysis machine.
  • Dialysis fluid may be used in more than one pass, i.e., hemodialysis fluid may be routed more than once through the dialyzer before it is filtered or purified and peritoneal dialysis fluid may also be used in multi-pass therapies.
  • hemodialysis fluid may be routed more than once through the dialyzer before it is filtered or purified and peritoneal dialysis fluid may also be used in multi-pass therapies.
  • Using a plurality of standard sensors at one or more points in the fluid circuits would be very expensive and would also occupy space that is not available at the bedside of the patient, whether in a home-care or even in an institutional-care setting.
  • MEMS sensors are used to sense and quantify analytes of interest in dialysis fluid and in water for use in dialysis fluid.
  • the MEMS sensors are useful in dialysis fluid intended for both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.
  • a system for preparing dialysis fluid includes a first purification vessel which includes a purification medium for water, and a device for pumping or measuring the water.
  • the system also includes a heater for heating the water and a mixing chamber configured for receiving water from the device and for mixing the water with a concentrate to form a fresh dialysis solution.
  • a filter for filtering the fresh dialysis solution is provided, as well as a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor that is placed in fluid communication with an output from a vessel selected from the first purification vessel, the heater, the mixing chamber and the filter.
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • a system for preparing dialysis fluid in a second embodiment, includes a first purification cartridge that includes a purification medium for water, and also includes a heater for heating water received from the first purification cartridge.
  • the system also includes first and second pumps for pumping and metering first and second concentrates, and a mixing chamber configured for receiving the first and second concentrates from the first and second pumps and for mixing the first and second concentrates.
  • the mixing chamber is used to mix the water with the first and second concentrates to form a fresh dialysis solution.
  • the system further includes a filter for filtering the fresh dialysis solution, and a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor placed in fluid communication with an output of a vessel selected from the first purification vessel, the heater, the mixing chamber and the filter, wherein the MEMS sensor is suitable for sensing at least two substances in a stream selected from the group consisting of water from the first purification cartridge, the fresh dialysis solution and the filtered dialysis solution.
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • a method for preparing dialysis solution includes the steps of furnishing a supply of water and purifying the water in at least one pass through a purification medium. The method also includes the steps of heating the water and adding the water to at least one dialysis concentrate to form a dialysis solution. In addition, the method includes the steps of filtering the dialysis solution and sensing at least two characteristics of the water with a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor.
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • a method of preparing dialysis solution includes the steps of furnishing a supply of water and spent dialysate and purifying the water and the spent dialysate in at least one pass through a purification medium.
  • the purification medium may be in one vessel or more than vessel, as described below.
  • the method also includes the steps of heating the water and adding the water and at least one dialysis concentrate to form a dialysis solution.
  • the method includes filtering the formed dialysis solution and sensing at least two characteristics of a stream selected from the group consisting of the water, the formed dialysis solution and the spent dialysis solution, using a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor.
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • a method of purifying dialysis solution includes the steps of furnishing a supply of spent dialysate and purifying the spent dialysate in at least one pass through a purification medium in a vessel to form a purified dialysate.
  • the method also includes the steps of filtering the spent dialysate to form a filtered dialysate, and sensing at least two characteristics of a stream selected from the group consisting of the spent dialysate, the purified dialysate and the filtered dialysate. The characteristics are sensed with a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor.
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • Another embodiment is a method for performing dialysis.
  • the method includes the steps of providing a dialysis machine and a supply of dialysis fluid and also includes the steps of sensing and determining a composition of the dialysis fluid with a MEMS sensor.
  • the MEMS sensor is suitable for sensing and detecting at least two ions in the dialysis fluid.
  • the method also includes the steps of performing dialysis on a patient using the dialysis fluid, and sensing and determining a composition of the dialysis fluid after the step of performing dialysis, using a MEMS sensor.
  • the method includes the steps of purifying the dialysis fluid after the step of performing dialysis, and sensing and determining a composition of the dialysis fluid after the step of purifying with a MEMS sensor.
  • the method includes a step of reusing the dialysis fluid if the composition of the dialysis fluid after the step of purifying is suitable for dialysis.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first system for purifying water or spent dialysis solution before hemodialysis
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second system for purifying water or spent dialysis solution before hemodialysis
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a third system for purifying water and preparing dialysis solution, directed more to peritoneal dialysis;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a system for purifying water and preparing dialysis solution, especially for peritoneal dialysis;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a hemodialysis machine with a system for treating, purifying, and reusing spent dialysate;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a system for preparing dialysis solution using MEMS sensors.
  • MEMS sensors are used in embodiments of the present invention to detect and quantify analytes of interest in dialysis fluids.
  • MEMS sensors are capable of detecting numerous properties and species in a variety of aqueous fluids. These fluids include water, dialysis fluid, spent dialysis fluid and even blood.
  • the properties include pH, conductivity, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential and total hardness.
  • Species include ammonia or ammonium, total dissolved solids (TDS), carbonate, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and others.
  • a MEMS sensor includes a substrate with a plurality of electrode sensor elements adapted to measure relevant species of an aqueous analyte.
  • the sensor elements include, for example, electrodes and selective membranes. These elements, together with any support circuitry required to drive the sensor element, make up the complete sensor.
  • the substrate can include a plurality of electrodes covered by ion-selective membranes and an amperometric sensor including a working electrode and a counter electrode.
  • the substrate, including the sensor elements is connected to an analyzer capable of calculating one or more desired properties, such as the disinfection index of a water sample.
  • the substrate includes additional sensor elements configured to measure additional species.
  • These element may include an ammonia sensor, an oxygen sensor, or a sensor for a mutagenic species, such as an immunosensor or a DNA probe. Sensors may also be used to detect and quantify additional physical properties, such as temperature, conductivity and oxidation-reduction potential.
  • Exemplary sensors can be fabricated on silicon substrates. They may alternatively be fabricated on other types of substrates such as, for example, ceramic, glass, SiO 2 , or plastic, using conventional processing techniques. Exemplary sensors can also be fabricated using combinations of such substrates situated proximate to one another. For example, a silicon substrate having some sensor components (e.g., sensing elements) can be mounted on a ceramic, SiO 2 , glass, plastic or other type of substrate having other sensor components. These other sensor components may include sensing elements, one or more reference electrodes, or both. Conventional electronics processing techniques can be used to fabricate and interconnect such composite devices. These techniques are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,954 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,526, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • the sensors can utilize micro-array sensor chip technology on a silicon platform.
  • ion-selective electrode-based sensor elements can be implemented in a silicon-based embodiment, such as that as described by Brown, “Solid-state Liquid Chemical Sensors” (Miniaturized Analytical Devices Microsymposium, Chemistry Forum, 1998, pp. 120-126), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • Alternative silicon-based sensor devices, and the manners in which such devices can be fabricated, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,954 (“Integrated Circuit for a Chemical-Selective Sensor with Voltage Output”), U.S. Pat. No.
  • sensors for use in systems disclosed herein can be fabricated using known lithographic, dispensing and screen printing techniques. These include conventional microelectronics processing techniques. These techniques can provide sensors having sensing elements with micro-sized features integrated at the chip level, and can be integrated with low-cost electronics, such as ASICs (application specific integrated circuits). Such sensors and electronics can be manufactured at low cost, thereby enabling wide distribution of such sensors for general use.
  • the sensor may be a MEMS sensor as sold by Sensicore, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., U.S.A.
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • MEMS sensors may be used in many aspects of dialysis fluid preparation and processing to ensure patient safety, comfort, economy and convenience, as well as treatment efficacy.
  • the economy and convenience arise from the use at home of the embodiments described below, as well as many other embodiments that are not described here, but will be obvious to those having skill in dialysis arts.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a system 10 for preparing fresh dialysis solution from spent dialysate using MEMS sensors to sense, measure, and report various characteristics of the dialysate.
  • dialysis fluid enters from a source 11 of dialysis fluid, such as the effluent from a spent dialysate pump that forms part of a hemodialysis machine.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a plurality of sensors 13 , located at several points around the system 10 . The intent is not to suggest that a sensor is needed at every point depicted, but rather to demonstrate the plurality of locations where a sensor may advantageously be placed.
  • Each sensor 13 includes a power source 132 , such as a battery, a sensing element 134 with a working portion 136 , and optionally, a module 138 for remote communication, such as to a controller of the system.
  • the power source may be furnished by electrical wiring from a controller of the hemodialysis machine, or from another power source, such as a convenience outlet or a modular power supply for a series of MEMS sensors.
  • Sensor element 134 is a MEMS sensor and working portion 136 includes the circuitry necessary to process signals from the sensor and convert them to useful information. These signals may be sent to a controller of the hemodialysis machine via wired connections, or the MEMS sensor may include a remote communications capability.
  • the signal processing circuitry and wireless transmitter or radio 138 are small and compact, and are easily placed into the sensor housing at the sensing site.
  • One suitable remote communications module is a wireless module in accord with the ZigBee/IEEE 805.15.4 standard. This is a standard for a very low power radio system with a very limited range, about 10-20 feet.
  • the senor 13 optionally includes a power supply and may also include an ADC converter to convert analog data from the sensing element into digital data. The digital data is thus formatted, at least by the sensor, before transmission to the controller of the hemodialysis machine or other extracorporeal processing machine controller.
  • MEMS sensors include sensors which may be placed in-line between one vessel and a succeeding vessel, and also include sensors which may be placed within a vessel, such as a processing vessel or cartridge, or a storage vessel. Many MEMS sensors are capable of detecting many species of ions or contaminants, and some are also capable of sensing and relaying a temperature, pH (as in hydrogen or hydronium ion concentration), conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and so forth.
  • system 10 includes a source 11 of water or spent dialysis fluid, with a MEMS sensor 13 placed at the source for monitoring characteristics of the incoming water or fluid.
  • a first processing vessel 12 such as a bed of activated carbon or charcoal, is placed downstream of the source 11 .
  • the bed of activated carbon or charcoal is excellent for removing a number of contaminants, including small particles and also including heavy metals, chlorine, chloramines, and organics, among others.
  • the bed of activated carbon or charcoal is relatively non-selective in the types of contaminants removed.
  • a second processing vessel 12 or bed of activated carbon or charcoal may be used, with a second sensor 13 placed downstream of the second vessel.
  • vessel 14 for purification of the water or spent dialysate may be used, with a fourth sensor downstream of vessel 14 .
  • This vessel may include any desired purification substance, and may include a single adsorbent or more than one layer of different adsorbents.
  • Vessel 14 may include a layer of urease and zirconium phosphate for converting urea into ammonium ions and then removing the ammonium by forming ammonium phosphate. Alternatively, or in addition, there may be a layer of zirconium oxide for removing phosphates or sulfates.
  • Vessel 14 may also include an ion exchange resin suitable for exchanging ions of waste substance for ions that are desirable in dialysis solutions, such as calcium or magnesium ions, and also bicarbonate or acetate ions.
  • the ion exchange resin may include filtering beds of carbon or charcoal before or after, or before and after, the resin itself. These supplemental beds also help to purify the final product, whether water for making dialysate or refreshed dialysate for service to the patient.
  • the rejuvenated dialysis fluid leaves vessel 14 , it is routed to the dialysate side of a dialyzer 16 , used for hemodialysis.
  • a dialyzer may be compared to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, with the dialysate on the shell side and the blood of the patient running through the tube side counter-current to the dialysis fluid.
  • the dialysis fluid enters through inlet port 162 and leaves through dialysis fluid outlet port 164 , where an additional MEMS sensor may sense and measure a variety of species within the exiting dialysis fluid. Once the dialysis fluid leaves through outlet port 164 , it may be disposed of or may be sent again to be filtered and purified for another pass.
  • the other side of the dialyzer is connected to the patient's blood.
  • Blood enters through the inlet header 166 , flows through many hundred or thousand tiny porous tubes, and then leaves through the outlet header 168 .
  • the tiny porous tubes allow water and toxic substances in the blood, such as creatinine and urea, to flow from the blood side to the dialysis solution side.
  • electrolytes and bicarbonate buffer may flow from the dialysis solution side to the blood side.
  • the cleansed blood is then sent to an air detector or air trap before returning to the patient.
  • An additional sensor 13 may be used to check the composition of the incoming blood for contaminants or other species near inlet header 166 .
  • An additional sensor 17 may be used to check for contaminants or other species near outlet header 168 .
  • Sensor 17 may be tuned for different species than sensor 13 , for example, measuring pH, phosphates or urea, may be very important to determine the condition of the cleansed blood as it is returned to the patient.
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of a system 20 that advantageously uses MEMS sensors is depicted in FIG. 2 .
  • System 20 includes first and second purifying vessels 22 , which may be small cartridges rather than gallon-size vessels.
  • a MEMS sensor 23 senses and measures levels of the desired contaminants or species, as described above.
  • the reverse-osmosis filter 27 may be equipped with a MEMS sensor 23 that includes a temperature sensor, for proper operation of the reverse-osmosis filter.
  • the MEMS sensor may also include one or more sensors that monitor specific ions or substances, such as ammonia or ammonium, total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca ++ , Mg ++ , Na + , K + , Cl ⁇ , and so forth.
  • TDS total dissolved solids
  • the system may include a UV-light generator 26 , wherein the light generated is cidal to bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.
  • the light may be used to dissociate chloride ion from nitrogen atoms in chloramine molecules, thus removing chloramines from the water or dialysis fluid.
  • Ultraviolet light for these applications is typically UV-C, with a wavelength from about 180-290 nm. Lamps with a wavelength of about 185 nm or about 254 nm are preferred. Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that UV light penetrates the outer cell walls of microorganisms, where it passes through the cell body, reaches the DNA and alters the genetic material, and is thus cidal to the microorganism. Other desired wavelengths may be used.
  • Dialyzer 28 has a dialysis fluid inlet 282 and a dialysis fluid outlet 284 , each of which may also be equipped with a MEMS sensor 23 .
  • Dialyzer 28 has a blood inlet header 286 and a blood outlet header 288 opposite the inlet header.
  • the composition of the blood at the outlet may be sensed and monitored by a MEMS sensor 29 that is tuned, as above, for a particular component or property of the blood that is important, such as pH, phosphate, or urea.
  • the patient or a caregiver may take special note of the sensor readings from sensor 29 and from the last sensor 23 at the dialysis fluid outlet 284 . Readings of the composition or the state of the blood is important to gauge whether the dialysis treatment is working and whether dialysis should be continued as is or whether some modification to the patient's prescription may be needed, whether dialysis fluid, duration or frequency of the treatment, and so forth. Of course, a comparable result may also be achieved by analyzing the composition of the spent dialysis fluid, since the waste that leaves the patient's body must either remain in the dialyzer or enter the dialysis fluid. The condition of the spent dialysis fluid is thus important.
  • the fluid has toxic components within certain high ranges, it may be expedient not to re-use any part of the fluid and to instead replace it with fresh dialysis fluid. If the range is more reasonable, a user or caregiver may decide to recycle and refresh at least part of the spent fluid, rather than sending it to drain.
  • the composition of the spent dialysate also provides information on the efficacy of the dialysis therapy, albeit not as precisely as monitoring the patient's blood. While not depicted in FIG. 2 , it is understood that there may be one or more metering pumps or flow meters to control the flow of dialysis fluid to and from dialyzer 28 or any of the process vessels or cartridges upstream of dialyser 28 . It should be understood that many of the techniques and much of the equipment described above may be applicable to both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis applications.
  • FIG. 3 A system 30 designed for peritoneal dialysis is depicted in FIG. 3 .
  • System 30 accepts water or spent dialysate fluid from a source 31 , such as a water tap or an outlet from a patient yielding spent dialysate.
  • the system includes at least one vessel 32 for purifying the water or spent dialysate.
  • first vessel 32 may include activated carbon or charcoal, or may include more than one layer for selectively or non-selectively adsorbing impurities or wastes from either water or from spent dialysis fluid.
  • the system includes a MEMS sensor 33 , as discussed above.
  • the spent dialysis fluid or water is sent to a dialysis fluid preparation system 34 , of which one embodiment is described below in FIG. 6 .
  • the dialysis fluid preparation system may simply be a container with a known quantity of concentrate of known composition.
  • system 34 may be a flexible container with a known volume (liquid) or a known mass (solid) of a known concentrate for a single component dialysis solution, e.g., a dialysis lactate solution.
  • a dialysis lactate solution typically contains electrolytes, lactate, and glucose.
  • the water source 31 and necessary controls, such as a control valve in series with the water source of the vessel 32 are used to admit the proper amount of water to system 34 , where the components are mixed and dissolved to form the desired solution.
  • the amount of water or spent dialysate admitted may be measured, for example, by monitoring a positive-displacement pump for the fluid or water, or an accurate positive-displacement meter in series with the in-flow Alternatively, the amount of water or fluid can be controlled by weighing the mass admitted, e.g., by placing container 34 on a weigh scale, mass cell, or other device.
  • dialysis solution preparation may include heating or pressurization, or both heating and pressurization, and hence at least one temperature sensor or temperature element and at least one pressure sensor or pressure element may be used in the dialysis fluid preparation.
  • the resulting dialysis solution is checked at least once after its preparation by MEMS sensor 35 .
  • the fresh dialysis fluid is stored in at least one container 36 and its temperature is sensed and monitored by at least one temperature element or temperature sensor.
  • the dialysis fluid is pumped via pump 37 through a filter 38 , which routes the impurities to a drain and sends the purified filtrate to a peritoneal dialysis machine 39 .
  • the contents of the fluid may be checked by an additional MEMS sensor 35 at the input to the peritoneal dialysis machine.
  • the peritoneal dialysis machine may operate in one or more modes to route dialysis fluid to the peritoneum of the patient for a dwell period, or for a continuous flow-through mode, or other mode.
  • the dialysis fluid may be routed to the patient P through the inlet lumen 391 of a two-lumen catheter, as shown.
  • the dialysis fluid is routed from the patient through the outlet lumen 392 of a two lumen catheter.
  • the make-up of the spent dialysis fluid returned from the patient may be checked by an additional MEMS sensor 33 for the parameters discussed above.
  • System 40 includes a water source 41 , which may be a municipal water source, or other water source, or may be a source of spent dialysate.
  • a first filter or treatment vessel 42 is intended to remove impurities such as described above, the filter followed by a first MEMS sensor 43 .
  • the purified water or dialysis fluid is then routed to a system 44 for producing dialysis fluid, one embodiment of which is depicted below in FIG. 6 .
  • temperature and pressure elements may advantageously be used in preparation of dialysis fluid from concentrates.
  • the composition of the resulting dialysis fluid is sensed and checked at a second MEMS sensor 43 , as the dialysis fluid is routed to one or more storage containers 45 , where the temperature may be monitored by one or more temperature elements to ensure safe storage.
  • the dialysis fluid When the dialysis fluid is needed, it is pumped by pump 46 to a peritoneal dialysis machine 47 , and then to and from the patient by a catheter with two lumens, input lumen 471 and output lumen 472 .
  • the spent dialysate is routed to a reverse osmosis filter 48 , with the waste routed to a drain.
  • first and second vessels or filters 49 a, 49 b which may be used to remove contaminants, as described above, or may be used with ion exchange resins to remove contaminants and add desirable components.
  • An electro-deionization process unit may also be used to remove ionic contaminants.
  • An ultrafilter 49 c is used to filter the solution and to route waste to the drain.
  • MEMS sensors 13 , 29 may be used as indicated, such as after the dialysate is returned from the patient, and after the treatment vessels or filters, and the ultrafilter. MEMS sensors 13 , 29 and 43 may be the same or may be tuned or capable of sensing different species, different ions, or different substances, as desired and as explained above.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a home hemodialysis system 50 with a water or dialysate recycling system 52 as described above.
  • System 50 includes an incoming city water tap 51 to a water or dialysate recycling system 52 , which also includes a drain 59 for waste water.
  • Fresh dialysis fluid is sent through tubing 53 to a storage container S adjacent hemodialysis machine H with dialyzer 54 .
  • the patient P has a vascular access site 55 for an arterial needle A N and a venous needle V N .
  • the patient P is connected to the hemodialysis machine H via tubing 56 .
  • Spent dialysis fluid is returned to the recycling system 52 via tubing 57 .
  • the MEMS sensors 13 described above may be used at several points in system 50 .
  • One or more sensors 13 may be deployed within the dialysate recycling system 52 , for instance, to check on the incoming water from source 51 or the returned dialysate from tubing 57 .
  • a decision is made whether to send the returned dialysate to the drain 59 or to reuse the dialysate by cleaning, filtering, and replenishing the dialysate.
  • a second MEMS sensor may be used to monitor the quality and composition of the dialysate sent to, or stored in, dialysis fluid storage container S.
  • another MEMS sensor 13 may be deployed within hemodialysis machine H to monitor the composition of the returned dialysate or species within the patient's blood. As discussed above, this sensor can help the patient or the caregiver determine whether the dialysis process is changing the appropriate parameters of the blood or the dialysis fluid, thus giving an indication of whether the therapy is working as effectively as desired.
  • FIG. 6 A system for preparing dialysis fluid from concentrate using make-up water or cleansed dialysis fluid is depicted in FIG. 6 .
  • One system 60 for producing dialysate is depicted in FIG. 6 .
  • System 60 receives water from water source 61 and passes the water through one or more purification vessels 61 a, 61 b, as described above.
  • MEMS sensors 13 are used to sense and report the sensed quantities of impurities or other components of the water as it flows from the first and second vessels.
  • the water passes through control valve 61 c and is heated, if desired, using in-line heater 61 d.
  • the heated water flows through lines 61 e, 61 f to A and B concentrate pumps 62 , 63 , for pumping concentrate respectively from reservoirs 62 a, 63 a.
  • the pumps are positive displacement pumps, such as gear pumps, vane pumps, or piston pumps, to pump precise amounts of A or B concentrate.
  • One embodiment uses small ceramic piston pumps, available from Fluid Metering, Inc., Long Island, N.Y., U.S.A. Other pumps may be used.
  • Other embodiments use proportioning or ratiometric pumps, whose flow of A or B concentrate may be set, and which thereafter pump A and B concentrate in a ratio proportional to the water metered out by the pumps.
  • the pumps may be controlled by a feedback loop that includes a MEMS conductivity monitor.
  • the concentrate pump is sped up if the conductivity at the conductivity sensor 64 e is too low or is slowed if the conductivity at the probe is too high. Since the characteristic volumes of the concentrate pumps are known, there are limits on the amount of cycling needed to produce a stable dialysis solution.
  • a controller for the system keeps track of the amounts of concentrate pumped, and also keeps track of the amount of incoming water and A concentrate that is pumped, thus keeping precisely proportioned flows.
  • a concentrate pump 62 pumps A concentrate to mixing vessel 64 through line 62 a, the vessel not filled but retaining an air gap at its top, while the correct ratio of water also flows to the vessel through line 61 f.
  • the mixture is deaerated by spraying using precision metering pump 64 a, nozzle 64 c, and air trap 64 b.
  • Other embodiments such as a simple restriction creating a starved intake to pump 64 a, could be substituted for the sprayer to remove the air from the solution.
  • the mixture is monitored by temperature sensor 64 d and MEMS conductivity sensor 64 e.
  • Vessel 64 includes a level sensor L.
  • the deaerated acid mixture is then sent to the B mix chamber 65 , where B concentrate from the B concentrate pump through line 63 b is added, in this case in-line.
  • the B mix chamber 65 is equipped with a second MEMS sensor 66 to monitor the composition of the finished dialysis solution.
  • This sensor can check the conductivity of the finished solution, and may also check other parameters or qualities of the solution.
  • a WaterPointTM 870 Sensor from Sensicore, Inc., may be used to check several parameters, including conductivity, pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS, based on sodium ions), calcium, magnesium, total hardness, carbonate alkalinity, and other parameters. Many of these are very useful to a patient or to a caregiver preparing dialysis solution, since these measurements are directly related to the quality and make-up of the dialysis solution.
  • this MEMS sensor can also sense and report general water quality, such as the concentrations of total and free ammonia (related to urea in the dialysate), chlorine, and chloramines.
  • general water quality such as the concentrations of total and free ammonia (related to urea in the dialysate), chlorine, and chloramines.
  • Other embodiments may use more than two concentrates, and the system may be changed to use a separate pump to pull the proper amount from each container of concentrate. Any of these systems may thus prepare a customized solution or prescription for each patient.
  • the MEMS sensors may be used to monitor and control the process, as well as the final product, in any of these embodiments.
  • the dialysis solution is then pumped by supply pump 67 through filter 67 a, to remove particles larger than 150 micrometers.
  • Control valve 68 controls the flow of dialysis solution from system 60 . If the correct level of continuity has not been achieved, the freshly-prepared dialysis solution may be recycled as desired through the filter and the mixing chamber, as shown, until the proper mixing and purity has been achieved.
  • the dialysis solution can then be pumped through a final filter, endotoxin filter 69 , and checked by final MEMS sensor 13 after the filter, on its way to a storage container or for use.
  • the endotoxin filter is intended to remove bacteria, such as E. coli and P. aeruginosa, as well as endotoxins. This filter could be an ultrafilter such as those made by Medica SRL, Mirandola, Italy, or from Nipro Corp., Osaka, Japan.
  • dialysis solutions may be used, including those requiring an osmotic agent, such as a small amount of dextrose, glucose, sodium or potassium polyacrylate, or mixtures of these, or other components.
  • an osmotic agent such as a small amount of dextrose, glucose, sodium or potassium polyacrylate, or mixtures of these, or other components.
  • These solutions are prepared in generally similar ways, some embodiments using powders, some using concentrates, some using solutions. Any such embodiments, including MEMS sensors, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • Embodiments using powders may require a conventional stirred-tank vessel, or vessel suitable for mixing powders using a stirrer or using flow, often turbulent flow, to insure a good mixing. For home use, this may be any suitable mixer capable of maintaining and preserving sterility, when used with the MEMS sensors described above.
  • MEMS sensors that are capable of sensing and quantifying organic materials. These sensors work in the same manner as the other MEMS sensors, but operate by detecting analytes that are associated with an organic substance rather than an inorganic ion, such as ammonium or chlorine. These MEMS sensors are, or will be, capable of sensing total organic carbon (TOC), and also specific substances, such as urea, creatinine, ⁇ 2 -microglobulin, heparin, and glucose or other sugar or osmotic agent in the dialysis fluid. MEMS sensors could also be used to detect levels of bacteria, endotoxins, and viruses in the water or spent dialysis fluid. In addition, MEMS sensors may be used to detect analytes of interest in the blood, such as proteins in general, including albumin, free hemoglobin and hematocrit.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
US12/200,488 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 In-line sensors for dialysis applications Abandoned US20100051552A1 (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/200,488 US20100051552A1 (en) 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 In-line sensors for dialysis applications
EP09789836A EP2320969B1 (en) 2008-08-28 2009-06-17 A system for preparing dialysis fluid
JP2011525031A JP5684127B2 (ja) 2008-08-28 2009-06-17 透析用途のためのインラインセンサ
PL09789836T PL2320969T3 (pl) 2008-08-28 2009-06-17 Układ do wytwarzania płynu dializacyjnego
CA2733511A CA2733511A1 (en) 2008-08-28 2009-06-17 In-line sensors for dialysis applications
MX2011002196A MX2011002196A (es) 2008-08-28 2009-06-17 Sensores en linea para aplicaciones de dialisis.
CN200980133542.3A CN102131533B (zh) 2008-08-28 2009-06-17 用于透析应用的线路中的传感器
ES09789836T ES2394911T3 (es) 2008-08-28 2009-06-17 Sistema para la preparación de un fluido de diálisis
PCT/US2009/047591 WO2010024963A1 (en) 2008-08-28 2009-06-17 In-line sensors for dialysis applications
BRPI0917238A BRPI0917238A2 (pt) 2008-08-28 2009-06-17 sensores em linha para aplicações de diálises
US15/941,278 US11400193B2 (en) 2008-08-28 2018-03-30 In-line sensors for dialysis applications
US17/878,412 US20220362445A1 (en) 2008-08-28 2022-08-01 In-line sensors for dialysis applications

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/200,488 US20100051552A1 (en) 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 In-line sensors for dialysis applications

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/941,278 Division US11400193B2 (en) 2008-08-28 2018-03-30 In-line sensors for dialysis applications

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100051552A1 true US20100051552A1 (en) 2010-03-04

Family

ID=41168620

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/200,488 Abandoned US20100051552A1 (en) 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 In-line sensors for dialysis applications
US15/941,278 Active 2030-05-19 US11400193B2 (en) 2008-08-28 2018-03-30 In-line sensors for dialysis applications
US17/878,412 Pending US20220362445A1 (en) 2008-08-28 2022-08-01 In-line sensors for dialysis applications

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/941,278 Active 2030-05-19 US11400193B2 (en) 2008-08-28 2018-03-30 In-line sensors for dialysis applications
US17/878,412 Pending US20220362445A1 (en) 2008-08-28 2022-08-01 In-line sensors for dialysis applications

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (3) US20100051552A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2320969B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5684127B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN102131533B (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0917238A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2733511A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2394911T3 (zh)
MX (1) MX2011002196A (zh)
PL (1) PL2320969T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2010024963A1 (zh)

Cited By (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110284377A1 (en) * 2010-05-24 2011-11-24 Baxter Healthcare S.A. Systems and methods for removing hydrogen peroxide from water purification systems
US20120258545A1 (en) * 2011-04-06 2012-10-11 Ash Stephen R Measuring chemical properties of a sample fluid in dialysis systems
US20120273354A1 (en) * 2011-04-29 2012-11-01 Medtronic, Inc. Multimodal dialysis system
WO2013043486A1 (en) 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Dynamic surgical fluid sensing
US20140110341A1 (en) * 2012-10-22 2014-04-24 Baxter Healthcare S.A. Integrated water testing system and method for ultra-low total chlorine detection
US20140110340A1 (en) * 2012-10-22 2014-04-24 Baxter Healthcare S.A. Total chlorine water detection system and method for medical fluid treatments
WO2014099324A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 General Electric Company Mems based membrane sensor system and method of use
US20140190891A1 (en) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-10 Medtronic, Inc. Sorbent cartridge with electrodes
US20140190885A1 (en) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-10 Medtronic, Inc. Fluid circuits for sorbent cartridge with sensors
US20150008183A1 (en) * 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Sensor and method of sensing for dialysis machine
US20150021268A1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2015-01-22 Baxter International Inc. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis systems having electrodeionization capabilities
WO2016039837A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Easydial, Inc. Portable hemodialysis machine and disposable cartridge with dialysis reservoir level sensor
US9328969B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2016-05-03 Outset Medical, Inc. Heat exchange fluid purification for dialysis system
US9389200B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2016-07-12 Infineon Technologies Ag Sensor device, a method and a sensor to determine a relative concentration of a first kind of ions with respect to a second kind of ions solute in a drop of liquid
US9402945B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2016-08-02 Outset Medical, Inc. Dialysis system and methods
US20160356874A1 (en) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Sensor Calibration for Dialysis Systems
US9545469B2 (en) 2009-12-05 2017-01-17 Outset Medical, Inc. Dialysis system with ultrafiltration control
US20170021086A1 (en) * 2015-07-24 2017-01-26 Medtronic, Inc. Dialysis priming steps using an infusate caddy
WO2017092871A1 (de) * 2015-12-03 2017-06-08 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Dialysegerät
US9861733B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2018-01-09 Nxstage Medical Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US20180050147A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2018-02-22 Hsien-Chang SHIH Hemodialysis device
US9907897B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2018-03-06 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US10076599B2 (en) 2011-02-03 2018-09-18 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Dry peritoneal dialysis concentrate system
US10195327B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2019-02-05 Medtronic, Inc. Sensing and storage system for fluid balance
EP3238755B1 (en) 2014-12-25 2019-02-20 Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd. Solution producing device and blood purification system
US10420872B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2019-09-24 Medtronic, Inc. Degassing system for dialysis
US10478545B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2019-11-19 Medtronic, Inc. Parallel modules for in-line recharging of sorbents using alternate duty cycles
US10532141B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2020-01-14 Medtronic, Inc. Systems and methods for multifunctional volumetric fluid control
US10532142B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2020-01-14 Medtronic, Inc. Sorbent cartridge to measure solute concentrations
US10583236B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2020-03-10 Medtronic, Inc. Recirculating dialysate fluid circuit for blood measurement
US10842714B2 (en) 2010-10-14 2020-11-24 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Systems and methods for delivery of peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions with integrated inter chamber diffuser
US10850016B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2020-12-01 Medtronic, Inc. Modular fluid therapy system having jumpered flow paths and systems and methods for cleaning and disinfection
US10874788B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2020-12-29 Medtronic, Inc. Infusate caddy for a dialysis system
US10874787B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2020-12-29 Medtronic, Inc. Degassing system for dialysis
US10926017B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2021-02-23 Medtronic, Inc. Modular dialysate regeneration assembly
US10960121B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2021-03-30 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Water treatment systems, devices, and methods for fluid preparation
US10981148B2 (en) 2016-11-29 2021-04-20 Medtronic, Inc. Zirconium oxide module conditioning
US10980930B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2021-04-20 Medtronic, Inc Fluid connectors and fluid flow paths for an infusate caddy
US11033667B2 (en) 2018-02-02 2021-06-15 Medtronic, Inc. Sorbent manifold for a dialysis system
US11045790B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2021-06-29 Medtronic, Inc. Stacked sorbent assembly
US11103626B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2021-08-31 Medtronic, Inc. Infusate holder
US11110215B2 (en) 2018-02-23 2021-09-07 Medtronic, Inc. Degasser and vent manifolds for dialysis
US11179516B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2021-11-23 Baxter International Inc. Systems and methods for incorporating patient pressure into medical fluid delivery
US11207454B2 (en) 2018-02-28 2021-12-28 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Fluid preparation and treatment devices methods and systems
US11213616B2 (en) 2018-08-24 2022-01-04 Medtronic, Inc. Recharge solution for zirconium phosphate
US11219880B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2022-01-11 Medtronic, Inc System for precision recharging of sorbent materials using patient and session data
US20220026324A1 (en) * 2015-11-18 2022-01-27 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Filtering device for analyzing instrument
US11278654B2 (en) 2017-12-07 2022-03-22 Medtronic, Inc. Pneumatic manifold for a dialysis system
US20220378995A1 (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-01 Diality Inc. Methods and systems for controlling dialysate salt concentration
US11534537B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2022-12-27 Outset Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis system and methods
US11724013B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2023-08-15 Outset Medical, Inc. Fluid purification system
US11786645B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2023-10-17 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Fluid circuit for delivery of renal replacement therapies
US11883794B2 (en) 2017-06-15 2024-01-30 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Zirconium phosphate disinfection recharging and conditioning

Families Citing this family (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9005440B2 (en) 2009-03-06 2015-04-14 Baxter International Inc. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis systems having electrodialysis and electrodeionization capabilities
US8801922B2 (en) * 2009-06-24 2014-08-12 State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University Dialysis system
US9399091B2 (en) 2009-09-30 2016-07-26 Medtronic, Inc. System and method to regulate ultrafiltration
US9302036B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2016-04-05 Medtronic, Inc. Blood fluid removal system performance monitoring
CN102218166A (zh) * 2011-06-15 2011-10-19 广州市暨华医疗器械有限公司 用于血液透析设备的混合装置
JP5803543B2 (ja) * 2011-10-11 2015-11-04 ニプロ株式会社 透析液調製装置の診断方法と透析液調製装置
WO2013084444A1 (ja) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-13 リオン株式会社 生物粒子計数器、生物粒子計数方法、透析液監視システム及び浄水監視システム
JP5965151B2 (ja) * 2012-01-16 2016-08-03 リオン株式会社 透析用生物粒子計数器、透析用生物粒子計数方法、及び、透析液監視システム
US9827361B2 (en) * 2013-02-02 2017-11-28 Medtronic, Inc. pH buffer measurement system for hemodialysis systems
AU2014242274B2 (en) * 2013-03-12 2017-01-12 Baxter Healthcare Sa Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis systems having electrodialysis and electrodeionization capabilities
US9433720B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-09-06 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Universal portable artificial kidney for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
US9440017B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-09-13 Baxter International Inc. System and method for performing alternative and sequential blood and peritoneal dialysis modalities
CN105848581B (zh) 2013-11-04 2019-01-01 美敦力公司 用于管理身体中的体液体积的方法和装置
DE102014106489A1 (de) 2014-05-08 2015-11-12 B. Braun Avitum Ag Vorrichtung und Vorrichtungs-Steuerungsverfahren zur quantitativen Konzentrationsbestimmung ausgewählter aus einem Patientenkörper ausgefilterter Substanzen in einer Flüssigkeit
WO2016060789A1 (en) * 2014-10-13 2016-04-21 Purewater Therapeutics, LLC Dialysis system
EP3302611B1 (en) * 2015-05-26 2022-01-12 Medtronic, Inc. Zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide recharger and control logic
KR101871030B1 (ko) * 2015-10-26 2018-07-20 한국표준과학연구원 초정밀 맥동유동 발생장치, 그 맥동유동 발생장치를 갖는 인공 맥상파 재현 시스템 및 재현방법
CN105571907B (zh) * 2016-01-24 2019-08-20 浙江永宁药业股份有限公司 液体排放与分时段采样设备
JP7129757B2 (ja) * 2016-03-31 2022-09-02 旭化成メディカル株式会社 血液浄化装置及び滅菌方法
US10874790B2 (en) 2016-08-10 2020-12-29 Medtronic, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis intracycle osmotic agent adjustment
US10994064B2 (en) * 2016-08-10 2021-05-04 Medtronic, Inc. Peritoneal dialysate flow path sensing
US11013843B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2021-05-25 Medtronic, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis fluid testing system
JP7213556B2 (ja) * 2017-05-22 2023-01-27 アドビトス ゲーエムベーハー 二酸化炭素を除去するための方法およびシステム
AU2018227226A1 (en) * 2017-10-03 2019-04-18 Medtronic, Inc. Peritoneal dialysate preparation and sensor system
DE102017126592A1 (de) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-16 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Überprüfung einer Umkehrosmose-Anlage zur Anwendung bei Dialysegeräten
US11806457B2 (en) 2018-11-16 2023-11-07 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Peritoneal dialysis adequacy meaurements
US11806456B2 (en) 2018-12-10 2023-11-07 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Precision peritoneal dialysis therapy based on dialysis adequacy measurements
EP3934710A4 (en) * 2019-03-07 2022-12-14 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. CUSTOMIZED DIALYSIS WITH INLINE SENSOR
US11524104B2 (en) 2019-07-26 2022-12-13 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Integrated cross contamination sensors
JP7241233B2 (ja) * 2019-08-09 2023-03-16 バクスター・インターナショナル・インコーポレイテッド 医療流体送達システムのための静電容量プライミングセンサ
US11850344B2 (en) 2021-08-11 2023-12-26 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Gas bubble sensor
US11965763B2 (en) 2021-11-12 2024-04-23 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Determining fluid flow across rotary pump
US11944733B2 (en) 2021-11-18 2024-04-02 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Sodium and bicarbonate control

Citations (96)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2122509A (en) * 1935-08-22 1938-07-05 Stephen B Beliaeff Hair waving or curling device
US2529028A (en) * 1947-07-31 1950-11-07 Landon Standard Pools Chemical feeder
US3332737A (en) * 1965-01-28 1967-07-25 Kurt A Kraus Process for separating inorganic anions with hydrous oxide anion exchangers
US3388803A (en) * 1965-04-16 1968-06-18 Applied Biolog Sciences Lab In Wearable dialysis apparatus
US3463728A (en) * 1967-04-28 1969-08-26 Us Health Education & Welfare Dialysate capacity augmentation process
US3485245A (en) * 1967-06-21 1969-12-23 Ibm Portable fluid heater
US3490479A (en) * 1968-07-12 1970-01-20 Honeywell Inc Fluid pressure relay
US3528550A (en) * 1967-07-04 1970-09-15 Nycotron As Dialysis water system
US3545438A (en) * 1968-02-12 1970-12-08 Sarns Inc Intermittent dialysis method and apparatus therefor
US3608729A (en) * 1967-09-27 1971-09-28 Nat Res Dev Disposable dialyser pack with adsorbent
US3617545A (en) * 1969-03-13 1971-11-02 Thomson Csf Removing urea from saline water solutions particularly in an artificial kidney
US3619423A (en) * 1970-04-20 1971-11-09 Us Health Education & Welfare Cascade dialysis apparatus and method
US3667612A (en) * 1969-09-04 1972-06-06 Joe H Leonard Artificial kidney system
US3669880A (en) * 1969-06-30 1972-06-13 Cci Aerospace Corp Recirculation dialysate system for use with an artificial kidney machine
US3669878A (en) * 1968-12-02 1972-06-13 Health Education And Welfare U Treatment of dialysate solution for removal of urea
US3682817A (en) * 1970-08-02 1972-08-08 Bio Cal Instr Co Dialyzer
US3697418A (en) * 1971-01-25 1972-10-10 Cci Aerospace Corp Method and apparatus for regenerating the dialyzing fluid for an artificial kidney
US3703959A (en) * 1969-11-17 1972-11-28 Cci Aerospace Corp Disposable recirculating dialysate module
US3707967A (en) * 1970-10-01 1973-01-02 Tecna Corp Steady flow regenerative peritoneal dialysis system and method
US3727612A (en) * 1971-01-18 1973-04-17 R Sayers Dialysis method and apparatus
US3730183A (en) * 1969-06-28 1973-05-01 Whitely Lang & Neill Ltd Peritoneal dialysis apparatus
US3799873A (en) * 1968-04-19 1974-03-26 Hydronautics Artificial kidney
US3809241A (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-05-07 Electro Sys Eng Inc Self-container kidney dialysis apparatus
US3825493A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-07-23 Hydronautics Peritoneal artificial kidney
US3827975A (en) * 1971-12-14 1974-08-06 Rhone Poulenc Sa Process for the regeneration of a haemodialysis liquid
US3850835A (en) * 1971-11-08 1974-11-26 Cci Life Systems Inc Method of making granular zirconium hydrous oxide ion exchangers, such as zirconium phosphate and hydrous zirconium oxide, particularly for column use
US3878564A (en) * 1972-04-14 1975-04-22 Shang J Yao Blood and tissue detoxification method
US3884808A (en) * 1973-06-20 1975-05-20 Res Dev Systems Inc Wearable, self-regenerating dialysis appliance
US3911915A (en) * 1972-09-05 1975-10-14 Einstein Coll Med Dialytic introduction of maltose into bloodstream
US3926797A (en) * 1971-03-17 1975-12-16 Rhone Poulenc Sa Separation apparatus using ultrafiltration
US3939069A (en) * 1971-12-06 1976-02-17 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Artificial kidney and a method of ultrafiltering a liquid
US3979284A (en) * 1972-07-31 1976-09-07 Rhone-Poulenc S.A. Artificial haemodialysis kidneys
US3989622A (en) * 1970-12-30 1976-11-02 Cci Life Systems, Inc. Urease in insoluble form for converting urea present in a liquid
US4000072A (en) * 1973-09-19 1976-12-28 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Artificial kidney apparatus
US4031010A (en) * 1974-05-02 1977-06-21 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Combined dialyzer and adsorber unit
US4036747A (en) * 1973-02-27 1977-07-19 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Adsorbent for recycling artificial kidney
US4081372A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-03-28 University Of Utah Leakage indicator for recirculating peritoneal dialysis system
US4115259A (en) * 1974-05-06 1978-09-19 Leonardo Bigi Method for regenerating dialysing liquids in hemodialysis systems
US4118314A (en) * 1974-01-09 1978-10-03 Seisan Kaihatsu Kagaku Kenkyusho Apparatus for treatment of artificial kidney dialyzing fluid
US4173537A (en) * 1977-05-23 1979-11-06 Newhart Earle E Integral artificial kidney unit
US4180460A (en) * 1978-01-20 1979-12-25 Bellco S.P.A. Portable machine for regenerative dialysis
US4190047A (en) * 1977-08-26 1980-02-26 University Of Utah Method and apparatus for peritoneal dialysis
US4191646A (en) * 1976-10-14 1980-03-04 Gambro Ab Apparatus for conducting fluids in a dialysis system
US4192748A (en) * 1973-07-05 1980-03-11 Hyden Viktor H Dialysis apparatus with selective chemical activity
US4194536A (en) * 1976-12-09 1980-03-25 Eaton Corporation Composite tubing product
US4212738A (en) * 1977-03-28 1980-07-15 Akzo N.V. Artificial kidney
US4213859A (en) * 1977-04-12 1980-07-22 Akzo N.V. Dialysis with ion exchange extraction of phosphates
US4240408A (en) * 1977-12-10 1980-12-23 Dr. Eduard Fresenius Chemisch-Pharmazeutische Industrie Kg, Apparatebau Kg Peritoneal dialysis apparatus
US4247393A (en) * 1979-01-11 1981-01-27 Wallace Richard A Hemodialysis assist device
US4256718A (en) * 1978-03-20 1981-03-17 Organon Teknika Corporation Sodium zirconium carbonate compound and the method of its preparation
US4267040A (en) * 1978-09-02 1981-05-12 Dr. Edward Fresenuis, Chemischpharmazeutische Industrie Kg, Apparatebau Kg Hemodialysis apparatus
US4267047A (en) * 1977-02-11 1981-05-12 Akzo N.V. Of Arnhem/Nederland Dialyzing membrane with adsorbent layer
US4269708A (en) * 1978-05-03 1981-05-26 Vittorio Bonomini Hemodialysis and/or ultrafiltration apparatus
US4276175A (en) * 1979-07-19 1981-06-30 Bower John D Regeneratable peritoneal dialysis bag
US4293762A (en) * 1978-02-16 1981-10-06 Genshirou Ogawa Temperature-controlled electric heating device for heating instillation or transfusion liquids
US4303521A (en) * 1979-07-09 1981-12-01 Gambro Dialysatoren Gmbh & Co Kg Column for the treatment of a liquid by means of a particulate material
US4313831A (en) * 1979-01-04 1982-02-02 Gambro Dialysatoren Kg Process and device for the removal of waste metabolites from a solution containing such metabolites
US4338190A (en) * 1976-02-13 1982-07-06 A. T. Ramot Plastics Ltd. Peritoneal artificial kidney
US4360507A (en) * 1979-01-24 1982-11-23 Organon Teknika Corporation Sodium zirconium carbonate compound and the method of its preparation
US4364747A (en) * 1977-08-29 1982-12-21 The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota System for regenerative thermally reversed adsorption
US4381003A (en) * 1979-10-26 1983-04-26 Vincenzo Buoncristiani Method and apparatus for the automatic semicontinuous peritoneal dialysis
US4460555A (en) * 1983-08-25 1984-07-17 Organon Teknika Corporation Ammonia scavenger
US4464563A (en) * 1981-08-28 1984-08-07 Jewett Warren R Intravenous fluid warmer
US4473449A (en) * 1982-09-22 1984-09-25 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Flowthrough electrochemical hemodialysate regeneration
US4532414A (en) * 1980-05-12 1985-07-30 Data Chem., Inc. Controlled temperature blood warming apparatus
US4581141A (en) * 1978-02-27 1986-04-08 Purdue Research Foundation Dialysis material and method for removing uremic substances
US4586920A (en) * 1984-07-09 1986-05-06 Peabody Alan M Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis system and method
US4618343A (en) * 1983-09-15 1986-10-21 Fresenius Ag Apparatus for peritoneal dialysis
USRE32303E (en) * 1973-07-31 1986-12-09 American Medical Products Corp. Peritoneal dialysis apparatus
US4650857A (en) * 1985-12-18 1987-03-17 Morse Capital Corporation Bland protein concentrates from peanuts and process for making
US4661246A (en) * 1984-10-01 1987-04-28 Ash Medical Systems, Inc. Dialysis instrument with dialysate side pump for moving body fluids
US4678460A (en) * 1985-02-11 1987-07-07 Rosner Mark S Portable rapid massive parenteral fluid warming and infusion apparatus
US4680445A (en) * 1984-09-06 1987-07-14 Genshiro Ogawa Electronically-controlled heating device for infusion liquids
US4684460A (en) * 1984-12-14 1987-08-04 Gerald Issautier Haemodialysis device automatically monitoring loss of weight
US4702829A (en) * 1984-12-07 1987-10-27 Fresenius Ag Hemodiafiltration apparatus
US5690821A (en) * 1995-02-13 1997-11-25 Aksys, Ltd. Apparatus for supplying a batch of chemicals to a dialysate tank
US6091976A (en) * 1996-05-09 2000-07-18 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Determination of glucose concentration in tissue
US6146536A (en) * 1991-08-21 2000-11-14 Twardowski; Zbylut J. Method of preparing a batch of dialysis solution
US6323182B1 (en) * 1997-10-07 2001-11-27 Gambro Ab Concentrate for medical solution and use thereof
US20040082903A1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2004-04-29 Micheli Brian R. Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis
US20040079686A1 (en) * 2002-10-28 2004-04-29 Pti Technologies, Inc. Wireless MEMS sensing device
US6812031B1 (en) * 1997-07-09 2004-11-02 Senzime Point Of Care Ab Regeneration of biosensors
US6861033B2 (en) * 2001-01-05 2005-03-01 Gambro, Inc. Purified water supply system for high demand devices and applications
US20050131331A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2005-06-16 Kelly Thomas D. Medical fluid therapy flow control systems and methods
US20050131332A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-06-16 Thomas Kelly High convection home hemodialysis/hemofiltration and sorbent system
US20050251366A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-11-10 Sensicore, Inc. Monitoring systems and methods for fluid testing
US20060020427A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2006-01-26 Sensicore, Inc. Systems and methods for fluid quality monitoring using portable sensors in connection with supply and service entities
US7100427B2 (en) * 2004-05-07 2006-09-05 Sensicore, Inc. Multi-sensor system for fluid monitoring with selective exposure of sensors
US7104115B2 (en) * 2004-05-07 2006-09-12 Sensicore, Inc. Fluid treatment apparatus with input and output fluid sensing
US20070050157A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2007-03-01 Sensicore, Inc. Systems and methods for fluid quality sensing, data sharing and data visualization
US7189314B1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2007-03-13 Sensicore, Inc. Method and apparatus for quantitative analysis
US7249000B2 (en) * 2004-05-07 2007-07-24 Sensicore, Inc. Fluid monitoring systems and methods with data communication to interested parties
US20070219728A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-09-20 Sensicore, Inc. System and methods for fluid quality sensing, data sharing and data visualization
US20080011664A1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2008-01-17 Baxter International Inc. Method and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes
US20080021381A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Baxter International Inc. Medical fluid access device with antiseptic indicator
US20080109175A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-05-08 Sensicore, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamic monitoring of fluid movement in a fluid distribution network using controlled concentration pulses of additives

Family Cites Families (146)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4375414A (en) 1971-05-20 1983-03-01 Meir Strahilevitz Immunological methods for removing species from the blood circulatory system and devices therefor
US4399036A (en) * 1979-06-14 1983-08-16 Diachem, Inc. Proportioning system for bicarbonate dialysate
DE3101159C2 (de) 1981-01-16 1985-08-22 Udipi Ramakrishna Dr. 5100 Aachen Shettigar Verfahren zur Reinigung von Blut und künstliche Niere zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP0064393A3 (en) 1981-05-04 1982-12-29 Purdue Research Foundation Sorbent mixture for use in hemodialysis
SU1012918A1 (ru) 1981-12-03 1983-04-23 Институт медико-биологических проблем Способ очистки диолизирующего раствора в аппарате "искусственна почка
DD210385A3 (de) 1982-06-28 1984-06-06 Medizin Labortechnik Veb K Dialysiereinrichtung mit regenerationssystem fuer die kontinuierliche ambulante peritonealdialyse
US4703913A (en) 1982-09-22 1987-11-03 California Institute Of Technology Diaphragm valve
EP0121085B1 (de) * 1983-03-01 1986-09-10 Sartorius GmbH. Gerät zur Aufbereitung medizinischer Infusionslösungen
US4846950A (en) 1983-09-08 1989-07-11 Montefiore Hospital Assn Of Western Pa Cyclic controlled electrolysis apparatus
FR2554721B1 (fr) 1983-11-14 1987-05-07 Sante Tech Rech Sarl Appareil d'hemodialyse
US4765907A (en) 1984-03-28 1988-08-23 Research Development Systems, Inc. Wearable, continuously internally operable and externally regenerable dialysis device
SU1344362A1 (ru) 1984-06-28 1987-10-15 Ф.И.Михеев, Б.Г.Захаров, Е.Г.Патрушев и В.К.Гусев Устройство дл диализа
EP0243547B1 (en) 1986-05-01 1991-07-24 Alan M. Peabody Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis apparatus
US5643201A (en) 1984-07-09 1997-07-01 Peabody; Alan M. Continuous peritoneal dialysis apparatus
US4718890A (en) 1984-07-09 1988-01-12 Peabody Alan M Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis system and method
US4747822A (en) 1984-07-09 1988-05-31 Peabody Alan M Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis system and method
HU196265B (en) 1986-04-11 1988-10-28 Rolitron Mueszaki Fejlesztoe K Method and apparatus for producing flow of wanted temperature of a physiological solution, as well as temperature control method and a heating device for the previously mentioned method and apparatus
US4976683A (en) 1986-06-20 1990-12-11 Abbott Laboratories Peritoneal dialysis method
US4735609A (en) 1986-07-24 1988-04-05 Medical Industrial Technologies, Inc. IV fluid warmer
US4769151A (en) 1986-10-30 1988-09-06 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Heater control for liquid flowing through a chamber
NL8701233A (nl) 1987-05-22 1988-12-16 Medistad Holland Bloedverwarmingstoestel.
US5073167A (en) 1987-06-26 1991-12-17 M/A-Com, Inc. In-line microwave warming apparatus
GB8723931D0 (en) 1987-10-12 1987-11-18 Hsc Res Dev Corp Peritoneal dialysis catheter
US4804474A (en) 1987-12-10 1989-02-14 Robert Blum Energy efficient dialysis system
US4847470A (en) 1987-12-14 1989-07-11 Bakke Allan P Electric blood warmer utilizing metallic ribbon flow cartridge and low thermal mass heating units
DE68911517T2 (de) 1989-06-15 1994-05-26 Alan M Peabody System zur kontinuierlichen zyklischen Peritonealdialyse.
US5252213A (en) * 1989-06-20 1993-10-12 University Of Washington Dry dialysate composition
US5125069A (en) 1989-12-22 1992-06-23 Netherlands Health Sciences Blood warmer
US5141493A (en) 1990-01-26 1992-08-25 Sarcos Group Peritoneal dialysis system
JPH042060A (ja) 1990-04-18 1992-01-07 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd 密閉式鉛蓄電池
WO1992003202A2 (en) 1990-08-20 1992-03-05 Abbott Laboratories Medical drug formulation and delivery system
US5180896A (en) 1990-10-11 1993-01-19 University Of Florida System and method for in-line heating of medical fluid
US5336173A (en) 1990-11-30 1994-08-09 Fresenius Usa, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis tubing set and method of operation
EP0498382B1 (en) 1991-02-08 1996-11-13 Alan M. Peabody Continuous peritoneal dialysis system
SE9100471D0 (sv) 1991-02-18 1991-02-18 Gambro Ab Slangsats avsedd foer peritonealdialys
US5381510A (en) 1991-03-15 1995-01-10 In-Touch Products Co. In-line fluid heating apparatus with gradation of heat energy from inlet to outlet
US5245693A (en) 1991-03-15 1993-09-14 In-Touch Products Co. Parenteral fluid warmer apparatus and disposable cassette utilizing thin, flexible heat-exchange membrane
US5486286A (en) * 1991-04-19 1996-01-23 Althin Medical, Inc. Apparatus for performing a self-test of kidney dialysis membrane
CA2042449C (en) 1991-05-13 1997-02-04 Joseph E. Dadson Peritoneal dialysis apparatus
FR2680318B1 (fr) 1991-08-14 1994-01-21 Hospal Industrie Rein artificiel et procede de commande.
US5919369A (en) 1992-02-06 1999-07-06 Hemocleanse, Inc. Hemofiltration and plasmafiltration devices and methods
US5277820A (en) 1992-02-06 1994-01-11 Hemocleanse, Inc. Device and method for extracorporeal blood treatment
US5960160A (en) 1992-03-27 1999-09-28 Abbott Laboratories Liquid heater assembly with a pair temperature controlled electric heating elements and a coiled tube therebetween
US5227820A (en) 1992-06-01 1993-07-13 Ctx-Electronics Corporation Shading device of the LCD projecting plate
US5408576A (en) 1992-10-28 1995-04-18 Bishop; Robert A. IV fluid warmer
US5284470A (en) 1992-11-02 1994-02-08 Beltz Alex D Wearable, portable, light-weight artificial kidney
US5350357A (en) 1993-03-03 1994-09-27 Deka Products Limited Partnership Peritoneal dialysis systems employing a liquid distribution and pumping cassette that emulates gravity flow
US5474683A (en) 1993-03-03 1995-12-12 Deka Products Limited Partnership Peritoneal dialysis systems and methods employing pneumatic pressure and temperature-corrected liquid volume measurements
CA2134204C (en) 1993-03-03 2001-10-09 Dean Kamen Peritoneal dialysis systems and methods employing a liquid distribution and pump cassette with self-contained air isolation and removal
US5438510A (en) 1993-03-03 1995-08-01 Deka Products Limited Partnership User interface and monitoring functions for automated peritoneal dialysis systems
DE4308586C1 (de) 1993-03-18 1994-05-11 Fresenius Ag Hämodialysegerät mit einer Bilanzkammer
DE4309410A1 (de) 1993-03-19 1995-02-16 Stange Jan Material, Verfahren und Einrichtung zur selektiven Trennung frei gelöster und stoffgebundener Stoffe aus flüssigen Stoffgemischen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Materials
FR2702962B1 (fr) 1993-03-22 1995-04-28 Hospal Ind Dispositif et procédé de contrôle de la balance des fluides sur un circuit extracorporel de sang.
US5370674A (en) 1993-03-22 1994-12-06 Farrell; Harriet M. Method of heating medical liquids
HU216042B (hu) 1993-07-14 1999-04-28 B. Braun Medical Kft. Berendezés szerves anyaggal szennyezett folyadék, előnyösen dializálófolyadék regenerálására, valamint eljárás és jeladó szerves anyag és hipoklorition kombinált méréséhez
US5685988A (en) 1993-09-15 1997-11-11 Malchesky; Paul Dialysis process and system
US5589197A (en) 1993-10-04 1996-12-31 Baxter International, Inc. Low sodium peritoneal dialysis solution
US5420962A (en) 1993-10-25 1995-05-30 Bakke; Allan P. Convection blood warming system with disposable flattened tube envelope having vent incorporating a hydrophobic filter
SE502020C2 (sv) 1994-02-03 1995-07-17 Gambro Ab Apparat för peritonealdialys
AU695256B2 (en) 1994-04-06 1998-08-13 Baxter International Inc. Method and apparatus for a tidal oscillating pulse peritoneal dialysis
JP3479340B2 (ja) 1994-05-09 2003-12-15 ダイセル化学工業株式会社 人工透析用水製造装置
ATE245040T1 (de) 1994-05-13 2003-08-15 Abbott Lab Einweginfusionskassette mit einem druckknopfbetätigten apsperrventil
DE4421126A1 (de) 1994-06-16 1995-12-21 Fresenius Ag Peritonealdialysegerät
EP0714312B1 (en) 1994-06-17 2001-08-29 Baxter International Inc. Apparatus for purified pulse peritoneal dialysis
JPH0829224A (ja) 1994-07-14 1996-02-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 流量検出装置
US5685989A (en) 1994-09-16 1997-11-11 Transonic Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus to measure blood flow and recirculation in hemodialysis shunts
US5873853A (en) 1995-05-23 1999-02-23 Baxter International Inc. Portable pump apparatus for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and a method for providing same
US5650071A (en) 1995-06-07 1997-07-22 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Technique for priming and recirculating fluid through a dialysis machine to prepare the machine for use
US5729653A (en) 1995-06-07 1998-03-17 Urosurge, Inc. Fluid warming system
US5944684A (en) 1995-08-31 1999-08-31 The Regents Of The University Of California Wearable peritoneum-based system for continuous renal function replacement and other biomedical applications
US5690614A (en) 1995-09-06 1997-11-25 Microwave Medical Systems, Inc. Microwave apparatus for warming low flow rate infusates
US6146359A (en) 1995-09-06 2000-11-14 Microwave Medical Systems, Inc. Apparatus for controlledly warming low flow rate infusates
US5938634A (en) 1995-09-08 1999-08-17 Baxter International Inc. Peritoneal dialysis system with variable pressure drive
DE19546028C2 (de) 1995-12-09 2000-04-27 Fresenius Ag Bilanzierdisposable zum Bilanzieren von Flüssigkeiten für eine medizinische Behandlungsvorrichtung sowie eine medizinische Behandlungsvorrichtung mit einem Systemeinschub zur Aufnahme eines derartigen Bilanzierdisposables
US5790752A (en) 1995-12-20 1998-08-04 Hytec Flow Systems Efficient in-line fluid heater
EP0892664A4 (en) 1996-03-08 1999-09-15 Baxter Research Medical Inc SELECTIVE MEMBRANE SEPARATION / SORPTION TECHNIQUES FOR BLOOD RECOVERY
US5774042A (en) 1996-04-04 1998-06-30 Williams Control Industries, Inc. Device for providing tactile indication of pedal position
US5724478A (en) 1996-05-14 1998-03-03 Truheat Corporation Liquid heater assembly
JPH09327511A (ja) 1996-06-12 1997-12-22 A S A Sangyo Kk 腹膜透析液の回収・再生方法並びにそのための処理装置及び付属器具
JPH1085324A (ja) 1996-09-19 1998-04-07 A S A Sangyo Kk 腹膜透析液回収・再生装置の殺菌・消毒法並びに透析液の殺菌・保存方法
US5902336A (en) 1996-10-15 1999-05-11 Mirimedical, Inc. Implantable device and method for removing fluids from the blood of a patient method for implanting such a device and method for treating a patient experiencing renal failure
US5875282A (en) 1996-10-21 1999-02-23 Gaymar Industries, Inc. Medical apparatus for warming patient fluids
AU5091198A (en) 1996-10-22 1998-05-15 Hemocleanse, Inc. Continuous flow-through peritoneal dialysis (cfpd) method with control of intraperitoneal pressure
US6129699A (en) 1997-10-31 2000-10-10 Sorenson Development, Inc. Portable persistaltic pump for peritoneal dialysis
US5921951A (en) 1996-11-22 1999-07-13 Therakos, Inc. Apparatus for pumping fluid at a steady flow rate
US5876611A (en) 1997-06-16 1999-03-02 Shettigar; U. Ramakrishna Intraoperative blood salvaging system and method
US6193684B1 (en) 1997-01-21 2001-02-27 Vasca, Inc. Device for percutaneous peritoneal dialysis
US5879329A (en) 1997-01-22 1999-03-09 Radiant Medical, Inc. Infusion systems and methods for introducing fluids into the body within a desired temperature range
IL120070A (en) 1997-01-24 2000-12-06 Zicherman Yehuda Peritoneal dialysis apparatus and method
US20010016699A1 (en) 1997-02-14 2001-08-23 Jeffrey H. Burbank Hemofiltration system
US6589482B1 (en) 1997-02-14 2003-07-08 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Extracorporeal circuits for performing hemofiltration employing pressure sensing without an air interface
US6979309B2 (en) 1997-02-14 2005-12-27 Nxstage Medical Inc. Systems and methods for performing blood processing and/or fluid exchange procedures
DE19708391C1 (de) 1997-03-01 1998-10-22 Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ultrafiltration bei der Hämodialyse
US5980481A (en) 1997-05-08 1999-11-09 Transvivo, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuous peritoneal cascade dialysis and hemofiltration (CPCD/H)
SE509602C2 (sv) 1997-06-05 1999-02-15 Gambro Med Tech Ab Tvåvägsventil
US6069343A (en) 1997-07-17 2000-05-30 Kolowich; J. Bruce Peritoneal dialysis solution warmer
CA2211848C (en) 1997-07-28 2002-06-11 Joseph E. Dadson Peritoneal dialysis apparatus
US6228047B1 (en) 1997-07-28 2001-05-08 1274515 Ontario Inc. Method and apparatus for performing peritoneal dialysis
WO1999010028A1 (en) 1997-08-22 1999-03-04 Deka Products Limited Partnership System, method and cassette for mixing and delivering intravenous drugs
DE19738816A1 (de) 1997-09-05 1999-03-11 November Ag Molekulare Medizin Verfahren zur Markierung von festen, flüssigen oder gasförmigen Substanzen
JPH11137672A (ja) 1997-11-05 1999-05-25 Asa Sangyo Kk 腹膜透析液回収・再生方法及び装置
US6139528A (en) 1998-01-13 2000-10-31 Jireh International Corporation Intravenous warming system
US6582385B2 (en) 1998-02-19 2003-06-24 Nstage Medical, Inc. Hemofiltration system including ultrafiltrate purification and re-infusion system
DE19814047C1 (de) 1998-03-30 1999-05-06 Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh Patientenkonnektor
DE19814695C2 (de) 1998-04-01 2001-09-13 Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh Kassette zur Förderung von Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Dialyseflüssigkeiten, Dialysegerät und Verfahren zum Fördern, Bilanzieren, Dosieren und Beheizen eines medizinischen Fluids
EP0980685B1 (en) 1998-06-17 2006-01-25 Nipro Corporation Use of a fluid for the manufacture of a dialysis fluid for continuous recirculating peritoneal dialysis
DE19828923C5 (de) 1998-06-29 2010-10-28 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Heizung zur Erwärmung von medizinischen Flüssigkeiten
US6293921B1 (en) 1998-07-06 2001-09-25 Jms Company, Ltd. Automatic exchanger for peritoneal dialysis
US6175688B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2001-01-16 Belmont Instrument Corporation Wearable intravenous fluid heater
US6142974A (en) 1998-09-18 2000-11-07 Estill Medical Technologies, Incorporated Portable I.V. fluid warming system
US6245039B1 (en) 1998-10-05 2001-06-12 Vasca, Inc. Methods and apparatus for performing flow-through peritoneal dialysis
JP2000107286A (ja) 1998-10-07 2000-04-18 Akira Sakai 腹膜透析液の灌流装置及び灌流法
FR2785200B1 (fr) 1998-10-30 2001-03-30 Centre Nat Rech Scient Utilisation d'un gel adsorbant pour eliminer et purifier les biomolecules
JP4348757B2 (ja) 1998-11-12 2009-10-21 ソニー株式会社 半導体装置
US6142975A (en) 1998-12-31 2000-11-07 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Guidewire having braided wire over drawn tube construction
US6261261B1 (en) 1999-01-05 2001-07-17 Lawrence O. Gordon Infrared heating device for prewarming IV solutions
US6168578B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2001-01-02 Melvin Diamond Portable kidney dialysis system
US6254567B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2001-07-03 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Flow-through peritoneal dialysis systems and methods with on-line dialysis solution regeneration
US6274103B1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2001-08-14 Prismedical Corporation Apparatus and method for preparation of a peritoneal dialysis solution
EP1165148A1 (en) 1999-03-30 2002-01-02 Gambro Lundia AB Method and apparatus for sterilising a heat sensitive fluid
US6229957B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-05-08 Joseph Baker Physiological fluid warming process and apparatus
JP2001009025A (ja) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-16 Shibuya Kogyo Co Ltd 個人用透析装置
US6302653B1 (en) 1999-07-20 2001-10-16 Deka Products Limited Partnership Methods and systems for detecting the presence of a gas in a pump and preventing a gas from being pumped from a pump
US6595944B2 (en) * 2000-06-17 2003-07-22 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Dialysis machine and method of operating a dialysis machine
US6799732B2 (en) 2001-01-05 2004-10-05 Teodore Sirkin Water sprinkler head with integral off-on water flow control valve and adaptive fittings therefor
US6730267B2 (en) 2001-02-09 2004-05-04 Cardiovention, Inc. Integrated blood handling system having active gas removal system and methods of use
JP4063671B2 (ja) * 2001-02-16 2008-03-19 ピードモント・レナル・クリニクス・ピー・エイ 透析液のイン・ライン滅菌を用いる自動腹膜透析システムおよび方法
JP2003010317A (ja) 2001-07-02 2003-01-14 Nippon Colin Co Ltd 透析装置
US6960179B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2005-11-01 National Quality Care, Inc Wearable continuous renal replacement therapy device
US7309323B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2007-12-18 National Quality Care, Inc. Wearable continuous renal replacement therapy device
SE0200370D0 (sv) * 2002-02-08 2002-02-08 Gambro Lundia Ab Method and apparatus for determining access flow
US7238164B2 (en) * 2002-07-19 2007-07-03 Baxter International Inc. Systems, methods and apparatuses for pumping cassette-based therapies
MXPA05000816A (es) * 2002-07-19 2005-04-28 Baxter Int Sistemas y metodos para realizar dialisis peritoneal.
MXPA05000817A (es) 2002-07-19 2005-04-28 Baxter Int Sistemas y metodos para realizar dialisis peritoneal.
EP1578314B1 (en) 2003-11-07 2007-05-30 Impliant Ltd. Spinal prostheses
JP4041790B2 (ja) * 2003-11-18 2008-01-30 弘禧 町井 人工透析器用の精製水を製造する水処理装置
CA2575731C (en) * 2003-12-24 2014-07-15 Chemica Technologies, Inc. Dialysate regeneration system for portable human dialysis
JP4458346B2 (ja) * 2004-07-12 2010-04-28 旭化成クラレメディカル株式会社 持続緩徐式血液ろ過透析装置
EP1838356B1 (en) * 2005-01-07 2010-10-20 NxStage Medical, Inc. Filtration system for preparation of fluids for medical applications
JP4949658B2 (ja) * 2005-06-22 2012-06-13 ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ株式会社 透析用水製造装置およびその殺菌方法
US20070007184A1 (en) * 2005-07-07 2007-01-11 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Specialized sensor-assisted dialysis
US7564245B2 (en) * 2005-08-31 2009-07-21 T2 Biosystems, Inc. NMR device for detection of analytes
US20070079686A1 (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-12 Wu-Hong Hsieh Snare-adjusting device for a snare drum
NZ569493A (en) * 2006-01-30 2011-12-22 Univ California Peritoneal dialysis methods and apparatus
CN2905076Y (zh) * 2006-04-19 2007-05-30 重庆山外山科技有限公司 血液透析滤过机
CN200961108Y (zh) * 2006-07-03 2007-10-17 李伟 血液净化用纯水及透析液配制用纯水设备

Patent Citations (99)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2122509A (en) * 1935-08-22 1938-07-05 Stephen B Beliaeff Hair waving or curling device
US2529028A (en) * 1947-07-31 1950-11-07 Landon Standard Pools Chemical feeder
US3332737A (en) * 1965-01-28 1967-07-25 Kurt A Kraus Process for separating inorganic anions with hydrous oxide anion exchangers
US3388803A (en) * 1965-04-16 1968-06-18 Applied Biolog Sciences Lab In Wearable dialysis apparatus
US3463728A (en) * 1967-04-28 1969-08-26 Us Health Education & Welfare Dialysate capacity augmentation process
US3485245A (en) * 1967-06-21 1969-12-23 Ibm Portable fluid heater
US3528550A (en) * 1967-07-04 1970-09-15 Nycotron As Dialysis water system
US3608729A (en) * 1967-09-27 1971-09-28 Nat Res Dev Disposable dialyser pack with adsorbent
US3545438A (en) * 1968-02-12 1970-12-08 Sarns Inc Intermittent dialysis method and apparatus therefor
US3799873A (en) * 1968-04-19 1974-03-26 Hydronautics Artificial kidney
US3490479A (en) * 1968-07-12 1970-01-20 Honeywell Inc Fluid pressure relay
US3669878A (en) * 1968-12-02 1972-06-13 Health Education And Welfare U Treatment of dialysate solution for removal of urea
US3617545A (en) * 1969-03-13 1971-11-02 Thomson Csf Removing urea from saline water solutions particularly in an artificial kidney
US3730183A (en) * 1969-06-28 1973-05-01 Whitely Lang & Neill Ltd Peritoneal dialysis apparatus
US3669880A (en) * 1969-06-30 1972-06-13 Cci Aerospace Corp Recirculation dialysate system for use with an artificial kidney machine
US3667612A (en) * 1969-09-04 1972-06-06 Joe H Leonard Artificial kidney system
US3703959A (en) * 1969-11-17 1972-11-28 Cci Aerospace Corp Disposable recirculating dialysate module
US3619423A (en) * 1970-04-20 1971-11-09 Us Health Education & Welfare Cascade dialysis apparatus and method
US3682817A (en) * 1970-08-02 1972-08-08 Bio Cal Instr Co Dialyzer
US3707967A (en) * 1970-10-01 1973-01-02 Tecna Corp Steady flow regenerative peritoneal dialysis system and method
US3989622A (en) * 1970-12-30 1976-11-02 Cci Life Systems, Inc. Urease in insoluble form for converting urea present in a liquid
US3727612A (en) * 1971-01-18 1973-04-17 R Sayers Dialysis method and apparatus
US3697418A (en) * 1971-01-25 1972-10-10 Cci Aerospace Corp Method and apparatus for regenerating the dialyzing fluid for an artificial kidney
US3926797A (en) * 1971-03-17 1975-12-16 Rhone Poulenc Sa Separation apparatus using ultrafiltration
US3850835A (en) * 1971-11-08 1974-11-26 Cci Life Systems Inc Method of making granular zirconium hydrous oxide ion exchangers, such as zirconium phosphate and hydrous zirconium oxide, particularly for column use
US3939069A (en) * 1971-12-06 1976-02-17 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Artificial kidney and a method of ultrafiltering a liquid
US3827975A (en) * 1971-12-14 1974-08-06 Rhone Poulenc Sa Process for the regeneration of a haemodialysis liquid
US3878564A (en) * 1972-04-14 1975-04-22 Shang J Yao Blood and tissue detoxification method
US3979284A (en) * 1972-07-31 1976-09-07 Rhone-Poulenc S.A. Artificial haemodialysis kidneys
US3911915A (en) * 1972-09-05 1975-10-14 Einstein Coll Med Dialytic introduction of maltose into bloodstream
US3825493A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-07-23 Hydronautics Peritoneal artificial kidney
US3809241A (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-05-07 Electro Sys Eng Inc Self-container kidney dialysis apparatus
US4036747A (en) * 1973-02-27 1977-07-19 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Adsorbent for recycling artificial kidney
US3884808A (en) * 1973-06-20 1975-05-20 Res Dev Systems Inc Wearable, self-regenerating dialysis appliance
US4192748A (en) * 1973-07-05 1980-03-11 Hyden Viktor H Dialysis apparatus with selective chemical activity
USRE32303E (en) * 1973-07-31 1986-12-09 American Medical Products Corp. Peritoneal dialysis apparatus
US4000072A (en) * 1973-09-19 1976-12-28 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Artificial kidney apparatus
US4118314A (en) * 1974-01-09 1978-10-03 Seisan Kaihatsu Kagaku Kenkyusho Apparatus for treatment of artificial kidney dialyzing fluid
US4031010A (en) * 1974-05-02 1977-06-21 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Combined dialyzer and adsorber unit
US4115259A (en) * 1974-05-06 1978-09-19 Leonardo Bigi Method for regenerating dialysing liquids in hemodialysis systems
US4081372A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-03-28 University Of Utah Leakage indicator for recirculating peritoneal dialysis system
US4338190A (en) * 1976-02-13 1982-07-06 A. T. Ramot Plastics Ltd. Peritoneal artificial kidney
US4191646A (en) * 1976-10-14 1980-03-04 Gambro Ab Apparatus for conducting fluids in a dialysis system
US4194536A (en) * 1976-12-09 1980-03-25 Eaton Corporation Composite tubing product
US4267047A (en) * 1977-02-11 1981-05-12 Akzo N.V. Of Arnhem/Nederland Dialyzing membrane with adsorbent layer
US4212738A (en) * 1977-03-28 1980-07-15 Akzo N.V. Artificial kidney
US4213859A (en) * 1977-04-12 1980-07-22 Akzo N.V. Dialysis with ion exchange extraction of phosphates
US4542015A (en) * 1977-04-12 1985-09-17 Organon Teknika B.V. Dialysis apparatus and process for controlling the phosphate level of blood
US4173537A (en) * 1977-05-23 1979-11-06 Newhart Earle E Integral artificial kidney unit
US4190047A (en) * 1977-08-26 1980-02-26 University Of Utah Method and apparatus for peritoneal dialysis
US4364747A (en) * 1977-08-29 1982-12-21 The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota System for regenerative thermally reversed adsorption
US4240408A (en) * 1977-12-10 1980-12-23 Dr. Eduard Fresenius Chemisch-Pharmazeutische Industrie Kg, Apparatebau Kg Peritoneal dialysis apparatus
US4180460A (en) * 1978-01-20 1979-12-25 Bellco S.P.A. Portable machine for regenerative dialysis
US4293762A (en) * 1978-02-16 1981-10-06 Genshirou Ogawa Temperature-controlled electric heating device for heating instillation or transfusion liquids
US4581141A (en) * 1978-02-27 1986-04-08 Purdue Research Foundation Dialysis material and method for removing uremic substances
US4256718A (en) * 1978-03-20 1981-03-17 Organon Teknika Corporation Sodium zirconium carbonate compound and the method of its preparation
US4269708A (en) * 1978-05-03 1981-05-26 Vittorio Bonomini Hemodialysis and/or ultrafiltration apparatus
US4267040A (en) * 1978-09-02 1981-05-12 Dr. Edward Fresenuis, Chemischpharmazeutische Industrie Kg, Apparatebau Kg Hemodialysis apparatus
US4313831A (en) * 1979-01-04 1982-02-02 Gambro Dialysatoren Kg Process and device for the removal of waste metabolites from a solution containing such metabolites
US4247393A (en) * 1979-01-11 1981-01-27 Wallace Richard A Hemodialysis assist device
US4360507A (en) * 1979-01-24 1982-11-23 Organon Teknika Corporation Sodium zirconium carbonate compound and the method of its preparation
US4303521A (en) * 1979-07-09 1981-12-01 Gambro Dialysatoren Gmbh & Co Kg Column for the treatment of a liquid by means of a particulate material
US4276175A (en) * 1979-07-19 1981-06-30 Bower John D Regeneratable peritoneal dialysis bag
US4498900A (en) * 1979-10-26 1985-02-12 Vincenzo Buoncristiani Method for the automatic semicontinuous peritoneal dialysis
US4381003A (en) * 1979-10-26 1983-04-26 Vincenzo Buoncristiani Method and apparatus for the automatic semicontinuous peritoneal dialysis
US4532414A (en) * 1980-05-12 1985-07-30 Data Chem., Inc. Controlled temperature blood warming apparatus
US4464563A (en) * 1981-08-28 1984-08-07 Jewett Warren R Intravenous fluid warmer
US4473449A (en) * 1982-09-22 1984-09-25 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Flowthrough electrochemical hemodialysate regeneration
US4460555A (en) * 1983-08-25 1984-07-17 Organon Teknika Corporation Ammonia scavenger
US4618343A (en) * 1983-09-15 1986-10-21 Fresenius Ag Apparatus for peritoneal dialysis
US4586920A (en) * 1984-07-09 1986-05-06 Peabody Alan M Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis system and method
US4680445A (en) * 1984-09-06 1987-07-14 Genshiro Ogawa Electronically-controlled heating device for infusion liquids
US4661246A (en) * 1984-10-01 1987-04-28 Ash Medical Systems, Inc. Dialysis instrument with dialysate side pump for moving body fluids
US4702829A (en) * 1984-12-07 1987-10-27 Fresenius Ag Hemodiafiltration apparatus
US4684460A (en) * 1984-12-14 1987-08-04 Gerald Issautier Haemodialysis device automatically monitoring loss of weight
US4678460A (en) * 1985-02-11 1987-07-07 Rosner Mark S Portable rapid massive parenteral fluid warming and infusion apparatus
US4650857A (en) * 1985-12-18 1987-03-17 Morse Capital Corporation Bland protein concentrates from peanuts and process for making
US6146536A (en) * 1991-08-21 2000-11-14 Twardowski; Zbylut J. Method of preparing a batch of dialysis solution
US5690821A (en) * 1995-02-13 1997-11-25 Aksys, Ltd. Apparatus for supplying a batch of chemicals to a dialysate tank
US6091976A (en) * 1996-05-09 2000-07-18 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Determination of glucose concentration in tissue
US6812031B1 (en) * 1997-07-09 2004-11-02 Senzime Point Of Care Ab Regeneration of biosensors
US6323182B1 (en) * 1997-10-07 2001-11-27 Gambro Ab Concentrate for medical solution and use thereof
US6861033B2 (en) * 2001-01-05 2005-03-01 Gambro, Inc. Purified water supply system for high demand devices and applications
US20080011664A1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2008-01-17 Baxter International Inc. Method and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes
US20040082903A1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2004-04-29 Micheli Brian R. Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis
US7189314B1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2007-03-13 Sensicore, Inc. Method and apparatus for quantitative analysis
US20040079686A1 (en) * 2002-10-28 2004-04-29 Pti Technologies, Inc. Wireless MEMS sensing device
US20050131332A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-06-16 Thomas Kelly High convection home hemodialysis/hemofiltration and sorbent system
US20050131331A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2005-06-16 Kelly Thomas D. Medical fluid therapy flow control systems and methods
US20060020427A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2006-01-26 Sensicore, Inc. Systems and methods for fluid quality monitoring using portable sensors in connection with supply and service entities
US7100427B2 (en) * 2004-05-07 2006-09-05 Sensicore, Inc. Multi-sensor system for fluid monitoring with selective exposure of sensors
US7104115B2 (en) * 2004-05-07 2006-09-12 Sensicore, Inc. Fluid treatment apparatus with input and output fluid sensing
US20060277977A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2006-12-14 Sensicore, Inc. Multi-sensor system for fluid monitoring with selective exposure of sensors
US20050251366A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-11-10 Sensicore, Inc. Monitoring systems and methods for fluid testing
US7249000B2 (en) * 2004-05-07 2007-07-24 Sensicore, Inc. Fluid monitoring systems and methods with data communication to interested parties
US20070050157A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2007-03-01 Sensicore, Inc. Systems and methods for fluid quality sensing, data sharing and data visualization
US20070219728A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-09-20 Sensicore, Inc. System and methods for fluid quality sensing, data sharing and data visualization
US20080021381A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Baxter International Inc. Medical fluid access device with antiseptic indicator
US20080109175A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-05-08 Sensicore, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamic monitoring of fluid movement in a fluid distribution network using controlled concentration pulses of additives

Cited By (97)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150021268A1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2015-01-22 Baxter International Inc. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis systems having electrodeionization capabilities
US9308308B2 (en) * 2009-03-06 2016-04-12 Baxter International Inc. Methods of performing dialysis using an electrodeionization system
US9545469B2 (en) 2009-12-05 2017-01-17 Outset Medical, Inc. Dialysis system with ultrafiltration control
US20110284377A1 (en) * 2010-05-24 2011-11-24 Baxter Healthcare S.A. Systems and methods for removing hydrogen peroxide from water purification systems
US9145318B2 (en) * 2010-05-24 2015-09-29 Baxter International Inc. Systems and methods for removing hydrogen peroxide from water purification systems
US11724013B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2023-08-15 Outset Medical, Inc. Fluid purification system
US11779519B2 (en) 2010-10-14 2023-10-10 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Systems and methods for delivery of peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions with integrated inter-chamber diffuser
US10842714B2 (en) 2010-10-14 2020-11-24 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Systems and methods for delivery of peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions with integrated inter chamber diffuser
US10076599B2 (en) 2011-02-03 2018-09-18 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Dry peritoneal dialysis concentrate system
US11224684B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2022-01-18 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US10898630B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2021-01-26 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US11690941B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2023-07-04 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US10603424B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2020-03-31 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US10688235B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2020-06-23 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US9907897B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2018-03-06 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US11433170B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2022-09-06 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US10688234B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2020-06-23 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US11717601B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2023-08-08 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US11135348B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2021-10-05 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US11433169B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2022-09-06 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US10610630B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2020-04-07 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US10046100B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2018-08-14 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US20120258545A1 (en) * 2011-04-06 2012-10-11 Ash Stephen R Measuring chemical properties of a sample fluid in dialysis systems
US9599599B2 (en) 2011-04-06 2017-03-21 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Measuring chemical properties of a sample fluid in dialysis systems
US8945936B2 (en) * 2011-04-06 2015-02-03 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Measuring chemical properties of a sample fluid in dialysis systems
US20120273354A1 (en) * 2011-04-29 2012-11-01 Medtronic, Inc. Multimodal dialysis system
US9320842B2 (en) * 2011-04-29 2016-04-26 Medtronic, Inc. Multimodal dialysis system
WO2013043486A1 (en) 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Dynamic surgical fluid sensing
US9328969B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2016-05-03 Outset Medical, Inc. Heat exchange fluid purification for dialysis system
US9861733B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2018-01-09 Nxstage Medical Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods
US9162021B2 (en) * 2012-10-22 2015-10-20 Baxter International Inc. Integrated water testing system and method for ultra-low total chlorine detection
US9138520B2 (en) * 2012-10-22 2015-09-22 Baxter International Inc. Total chlorine water detection system and method for medical fluid treatments
US20140110341A1 (en) * 2012-10-22 2014-04-24 Baxter Healthcare S.A. Integrated water testing system and method for ultra-low total chlorine detection
US9937285B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2018-04-10 Baxter International Inc. Integrated water testing methods for ultra-low total chlorine detection
US9943631B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2018-04-17 Baxter International Inc. Total chlorine water detection system for medical fluid treatments
US10046099B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2018-08-14 Baxter International Inc. Integrated water testing system for ultra-low total chlorine detection
US11135344B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2021-10-05 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis system for ultra-low total chlorine detection in at least partially purified water
US20140110340A1 (en) * 2012-10-22 2014-04-24 Baxter Healthcare S.A. Total chlorine water detection system and method for medical fluid treatments
US9389200B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2016-07-12 Infineon Technologies Ag Sensor device, a method and a sensor to determine a relative concentration of a first kind of ions with respect to a second kind of ions solute in a drop of liquid
US9709429B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-07-18 General Electric Company MEMS based membrane sensor system and method of use
WO2014099324A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 General Electric Company Mems based membrane sensor system and method of use
US10583236B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2020-03-10 Medtronic, Inc. Recirculating dialysate fluid circuit for blood measurement
US20210338912A1 (en) * 2013-01-09 2021-11-04 Medtronic, Inc. Fluid circuits for sorbent cartridges with sensors
US11565029B2 (en) * 2013-01-09 2023-01-31 Medtronic, Inc. Sorbent cartridge with electrodes
US10532142B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2020-01-14 Medtronic, Inc. Sorbent cartridge to measure solute concentrations
US11857712B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2024-01-02 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Recirculating dialysate fluid circuit for measurement of blood solute species
US11154648B2 (en) * 2013-01-09 2021-10-26 Medtronic, Inc. Fluid circuits for sorbent cartridge with sensors
US10881777B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2021-01-05 Medtronic, Inc. Recirculating dialysate fluid circuit for blood measurement
US20140190885A1 (en) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-10 Medtronic, Inc. Fluid circuits for sorbent cartridge with sensors
US20140190891A1 (en) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-10 Medtronic, Inc. Sorbent cartridge with electrodes
US20210178041A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2021-06-17 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Water Treatment Systems, Devices, and Methods for Fluid Preparation
US11865240B2 (en) * 2013-01-24 2024-01-09 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Water treatment systems, devices, and methods for fluid preparation
US10960121B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2021-03-30 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Water treatment systems, devices, and methods for fluid preparation
US10850016B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2020-12-01 Medtronic, Inc. Modular fluid therapy system having jumpered flow paths and systems and methods for cleaning and disinfection
US11786645B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2023-10-17 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Fluid circuit for delivery of renal replacement therapies
US10532141B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2020-01-14 Medtronic, Inc. Systems and methods for multifunctional volumetric fluid control
US20150008183A1 (en) * 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Sensor and method of sensing for dialysis machine
US9731059B2 (en) * 2013-07-02 2017-08-15 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Sensor and method of sensing for dialysis machine
US11219880B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2022-01-11 Medtronic, Inc System for precision recharging of sorbent materials using patient and session data
US10478545B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2019-11-19 Medtronic, Inc. Parallel modules for in-line recharging of sorbents using alternate duty cycles
US9579440B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2017-02-28 Outset Medical, Inc. Dialysis system and methods
US9402945B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2016-08-02 Outset Medical, Inc. Dialysis system and methods
US9504777B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2016-11-29 Outset Medical, Inc. Dialysis system and methods
US11305040B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2022-04-19 Outset Medical, Inc. Dialysis system and methods
US11045790B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2021-06-29 Medtronic, Inc. Stacked sorbent assembly
US10926017B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2021-02-23 Medtronic, Inc. Modular dialysate regeneration assembly
US11673118B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2023-06-13 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Stacked sorbent assembly
WO2016039837A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Easydial, Inc. Portable hemodialysis machine and disposable cartridge with dialysis reservoir level sensor
US10420872B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2019-09-24 Medtronic, Inc. Degassing system for dialysis
US10874787B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2020-12-29 Medtronic, Inc. Degassing system for dialysis
US10195327B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2019-02-05 Medtronic, Inc. Sensing and storage system for fluid balance
EP3238755B1 (en) 2014-12-25 2019-02-20 Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd. Solution producing device and blood purification system
US20160356874A1 (en) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Sensor Calibration for Dialysis Systems
US20170021086A1 (en) * 2015-07-24 2017-01-26 Medtronic, Inc. Dialysis priming steps using an infusate caddy
US10888648B2 (en) * 2015-07-24 2021-01-12 Medtronic, Inc Dialysis priming steps using an infusate caddy
US10980930B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2021-04-20 Medtronic, Inc Fluid connectors and fluid flow paths for an infusate caddy
US11103626B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2021-08-31 Medtronic, Inc. Infusate holder
US10874788B2 (en) 2015-07-24 2020-12-29 Medtronic, Inc. Infusate caddy for a dialysis system
CN107847659A (zh) * 2015-07-24 2018-03-27 美敦力公司 使用输注液盒的透析装填步骤
US20220026324A1 (en) * 2015-11-18 2022-01-27 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Filtering device for analyzing instrument
US11982605B2 (en) * 2015-11-18 2024-05-14 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Filter device for fluid flow in an analyzing instrument
WO2017092871A1 (de) * 2015-12-03 2017-06-08 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Dialysegerät
US11951241B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2024-04-09 Outset Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis system and methods
US11534537B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2022-12-27 Outset Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis system and methods
US20180050147A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2018-02-22 Hsien-Chang SHIH Hemodialysis device
US10981148B2 (en) 2016-11-29 2021-04-20 Medtronic, Inc. Zirconium oxide module conditioning
US11642654B2 (en) 2016-11-29 2023-05-09 Medtronic, Inc Zirconium oxide module conditioning
US11883794B2 (en) 2017-06-15 2024-01-30 Mozarc Medical Us Llc Zirconium phosphate disinfection recharging and conditioning
US11179516B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2021-11-23 Baxter International Inc. Systems and methods for incorporating patient pressure into medical fluid delivery
US11278654B2 (en) 2017-12-07 2022-03-22 Medtronic, Inc. Pneumatic manifold for a dialysis system
US11033667B2 (en) 2018-02-02 2021-06-15 Medtronic, Inc. Sorbent manifold for a dialysis system
US11110215B2 (en) 2018-02-23 2021-09-07 Medtronic, Inc. Degasser and vent manifolds for dialysis
US11207454B2 (en) 2018-02-28 2021-12-28 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Fluid preparation and treatment devices methods and systems
US11364328B2 (en) 2018-02-28 2022-06-21 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Fluid preparation and treatment devices methods and systems
US11872337B2 (en) 2018-02-28 2024-01-16 Nxstage Medical, Inc. Fluid preparation and treatment devices methods and systems
US11213616B2 (en) 2018-08-24 2022-01-04 Medtronic, Inc. Recharge solution for zirconium phosphate
US20220378995A1 (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-01 Diality Inc. Methods and systems for controlling dialysate salt concentration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5684127B2 (ja) 2015-03-11
ES2394911T3 (es) 2013-02-06
EP2320969A1 (en) 2011-05-18
US11400193B2 (en) 2022-08-02
BRPI0917238A2 (pt) 2015-11-10
EP2320969B1 (en) 2012-09-05
JP2012501216A (ja) 2012-01-19
WO2010024963A1 (en) 2010-03-04
US20220362445A1 (en) 2022-11-17
CA2733511A1 (en) 2010-03-04
PL2320969T3 (pl) 2013-05-31
CN102131533A (zh) 2011-07-20
CN102131533B (zh) 2015-11-25
US20180221555A1 (en) 2018-08-09
MX2011002196A (es) 2011-04-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20220362445A1 (en) In-line sensors for dialysis applications
US20230050477A1 (en) pH AND BUFFER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS
US11224841B2 (en) Integrated disposable component system for use in dialysis systems
EP3438641B1 (en) Ph buffer measurement system for hemodialysis systems
US20180043080A1 (en) Catheter and peritoneum health monitoring
JP5969522B2 (ja) 改善された透析液再生のための吸着剤カートリッジの構成
EP2740502A1 (en) Potassium loaded ion-exchange material for use in a dialysate regeneration system
CN105120913A (zh) 用于模块化受控相容流路的钠和缓冲液源盒
CN105025951A (zh) 用于多功能体积流体控制的系统和方法
EP3281656B2 (en) Peritoneal dialysis filtrate sampling and adaptive prescription
JP2022554393A (ja) 透析液発生器を組み込む血液透析システム
US20230128863A1 (en) Inline heater for a peritoneal dialysis system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC.,ILLINOIS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROHDE, JUSTIN B.;HAN, WILLIAM W.;EVERITT, ELIZABETH A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021552/0247

Effective date: 20080828

Owner name: BAXTER HEALTHCARE S.A.,SWITZERLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROHDE, JUSTIN B.;HAN, WILLIAM W.;EVERITT, ELIZABETH A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021552/0247

Effective date: 20080828

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION