Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
  • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
  • C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
  • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
  • C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
  • C22B9/103—Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
  • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
  • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

• the subject matter of the invention is a titanium-containing molded or formed body, a method for its production and its use.
• the subject matter of the invention is a titanium-containing molded body in the form, for example, of a briquette, pellet or pressed stone, a method for the production of the molded body and its use in metallurgical processes, in particular for introduction in melting vessels or vessels pertaining to primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
• the invention also describes a method for increasing the durability of the refractory brick linings, for reducing the nitrogen oxides and also the sulfur content, in particular in the iron analysis and in the waste gas, and for reducing the harmful recycling substances in the melting furnace or shaft furnace, in particular the cupola furnace, by using synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers.
• ferrotitanium In secondary metallurgy, inter alia ferrotitanium, ferrocarbon titanium and titanium aluminum from aluminothermic production are also used as the alloying agents. These alloying agents, in particular ferrotitanium, are very expensive. Analysis of the ferrotitanium reveals that it consists mainly of 20 to 75% by weight or more Ti, of 2 to 10% by weight or more Al+Al 2 O 3 , of 0.2 to 8% by weight or more Si and of 20 up to 65% by weight or more Fe.
• a ferrocarbon titanium can have, for example, the following composition of the main constituents: Ti: 30 to 40%; C: 5 to 8%; Si: 3 to 4%; Al: 1 to 2%; Mn: 0.5%. Titanium aluminum can have, for example, the following composition of the main constituents: Ti: 5 to 10% or 50 to 63%; Al: remainder.
• the cupola furnace is a shaft furnace in which metals can be melted.
• the cupola furnace is used to produce metals.
• the shaft furnace is loaded from above with coke as the energy carrier, the charge substances and the additional substances.
• the charge substances are solid crude iron, recycling materials, sheet stacks and selected metal steel scrap depending on the aim of production.
• molded bodies of silicon carbide, gravel and limestone are used as additional substances.
• the furnace In order to remove the metal, the furnace must be tapped a little above its base. Following the tap there is a siphon which has two outlets. In this connection, the liquid slag is diverted through the upper one into a collecting container. The iron underneath the slag is pressed through the other one and can, for example, be directed into a lead-point furnace. The functioning of the siphon is only possible on account of a slight excess pressure in the shaft furnace.
• Lead on account of its great specific weight, takes effect at the base of a shaft furnace, penetrates into the points of porosity of the brick lining, and there destroys the same.
• Alkalis such as sodium and potassium
• Alkalis on account of the need for an acidic slag for discharge from the furnace, hinder sulfur-removal from the crude iron which for its part requires a slag that is as alkaline as possible.
• the contrary demands hinder the blast-furnace process to a very great extent.
• alkalis act as fluxing agents for any refractory brick linings, this in turn affecting the economic efficiency in a very negative way.
• coke In all shaft furnaces coke is used as an energy carrier. In this connection, coke contains as an impurity inter alia in addition undesirable sulfur. As a result of the combustion of the coke the liquid iron absorbs a proportion of sulfur which acts in a disturbing manner for further processing. The iron must therefore be freed from sulfur in special plants pertaining to primary and/or secondary metallurgy in a very costly and elaborate manner.
• a further object of the invention is to provide titanium-containing molded bodies as alloying agents in primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
• titanium-containing molded bodies that mainly consist of titanium dioxide or its compounds.
• the titanium-containing molded body in accordance with the invention contains 0.5 to 100, preferably 1 to 90, particularly preferably 1 to 80, especially preferably 3 to 70, in particular preferably 4 to 65, preferably 4 to 50, in particular preferably 5 to 30% by weight TiO 2 (calculated from the total titanium content).
• This molded body is suitable in accordance with the invention in particular for use in melting and shaft furnaces in the field of primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
• Synthetic raw materials from the chemical industry are pelletized by means of various chemical binders or re-shaped in sintering processes to form chargeable titanium carriers and in the respective processes of secondary metallurgy charged into the liquid media such as metals or slags.
• the synthetic titanium carriers can also be blown in as alloying agents.
• the respective quantities are matched to the respective requirement and charge-make-up calculation.
• the synthetic titanium carriers are dissolved in the liquid metals or slags and increase the respective titanium content depending on the requirement.
• synthetic titanium carriers with contents of 10 to 100% by weight, of 25 to 35% by weight, of 45 to 65% by weight, of 70 to 90% by weight and also of 100% by weight, calculated as TiO 2 , are at one's disposal.
• the raw materials are present in the form of molded bodies.
• silicon carbide is used in the form of briquettes for loading the cupola furnace.
• molded bodies are also produced on the basis of charge substances that are to be disposed of industrially. Coal and coal sludge, silicon-carbide-containing residues, throat and steelworks dust and sludge and other substances can be used, for example, as industrial charge substances.
• the production of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention is effected by mixing and/or adding the natural titanium ores, for example ilmenite sand and/or Sorel slag, titanium-dioxide-rich slags and/or synthetic titanium-dioxide-containing materials.
• the natural titanium ores for example ilmenite sand and/or Sorel slag, titanium-dioxide-rich slags and/or synthetic titanium-dioxide-containing materials.
• further materials for example charge substances that are to be disposed of industrially and/or reducing agents, based, for example, on coal, such as silicon-carbide-containing residues, coal and coal sludge, throat and steelworks dust and sludge and other substances, can be added to these titanium-containing materials.
• charge substances that are to be disposed of industrially and/or reducing agents, based, for example, on coal, such as silicon-carbide-containing residues, coal and coal sludge, throat and steelworks dust and sludge and other substances, can be added to these titanium-containing materials.
• one or more of the above-mentioned fine-grained titanium-containing materials is/are added to the mixtures of the fine-grained charge substances before the shaping by pressing, briquetting or pelleting.
• the mixture thus obtained is pressed with the aid of binding agents to form the molded bodies in accordance with the invention.
• the titanium-containing molded bodies are subsequently subjected to heat treatment.
• the treatment temperature lies at up to 1,500° C., preferably at 80° C. to 1,400° C.
• the titanium ores and titanium-dioxide-rich slags used to produce the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention contain 15 to 95, preferably 25 to 90% by weight TiO 2 (calculated from the total titanium content).
• the titanium ores can be used in an unpurified form or after separation of impurities and also the gangue in order to produce the additional substance.
• the synthetic titanium-containing materials used to produce the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention contain 5 to 100, preferably 10 to 100, particularly preferably 20 to 100% by weight TiO 2 (calculated from the total titanium content).
• these titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention are introduced into shaft furnaces, these molded bodies are heated during the metallurgical smelting process.
• the reducing agents that are present in the molded bodies reduce the oxidic components of the shaft furnace. This applies both to the iron oxides and to the titanium compounds previously mixed with the stone.
• the reducing agents in the molded bodies given the presence of the natural titanium ores, such as ilmenite (titanium is present as iron titanate in ilmenite), are reduced in the first step to form reactive TiO 2 ; subsequently, the final reduction of the TiO 2 -particles that are obtained to form CO and metallic titanium is effected.
• This reaction is effected immediately in the case of the synthetic titanium carriers, since titanium is mainly present as titanium dioxide.
• the elements that are thus reduced to metallic titanium react in the last step to form extremely highly refractory titanium carbides, titanium nitrides and/or titanium carbonitrides.
• highly refractory compounds with aluminum, magnesium, calcium are formed, for example aluminum titanate, magnesium titanate and calcium titanate.
• metal oxide spinels that contain titanium are also formed. Subsequently, the molded bodies react in the course of the smelting process and are dissolved with the formation of a fine iron-slag mixture.
• the titanium carbides, titanium nitrides, titanium carbonitrides or metal titanates and spinels emulsified therein are deposited wherever the respective liquids come into contact with the refractory brick lining.
• these ultra-fine particles are deposited on the surfaces that are to be protected, very refractory and relatively dense layers of titanium carbonitrides, metal titanates and also spinels are formed.
• These deposited layers can not only repair defective points, but also protect regions that are sound against the penetration of liquids, such as iron or slag, and thus clearly increase the durability.
• the protective effect extends in particular as well in the interior of a shaft furnace, for example within the tapping channels or siphon constructions.
• the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention are used as slag-protection agents, as a result of the addition of the titanium carriers, preferably as a result of the addition of synthetic titanium carriers, to the various secondary/and tertiary slags of the iron and steel industry, the advance wear in the slag zone of the steel ladles can be clearly reduced or completely prevented.
• the titanium-containing slags permanently come into contact with the zone of the advance wear in the slag region of the ladles.
• the highly refractory barium-calcium-magnesium and/or aluminum titanates are then deposited on the respective contact faces and reduce or prevent the wear of this critical zone of a steel ladle.
• the advantage of this variant of the protective function of the various titanium carriers lies in the fact that even with oxidizing systems the refractoriness of the refractory linings of melting vessels that are to be protected is increased by the respective titanates or titanium compounds.
• titanium-containing carriers as metal titanates and can thus be removed from the shaft furnace as a constituent of the slag.
• the sulfur that is present in the iron forms with titanium various titanium sulfides that are then removed from the shaft furnace as a constituent of the slag.
• Ilmenite and/or Sorel slag and/or rutile sand are preferably used as natural titanium carriers. Titanium compounds, in particular titanium dioxide, are used as synthetic titanium-dioxide-containing carriers. Moreover, in accordance with the invention it is possible to use residues from titanium-dioxide production, not only in accordance with the sulfate process, but also in accordance with the chloride process. In accordance with the invention it is also possible to make use of titanium-dioxide-containing waste substances, such as catalysts from DENOX-plants and also from the chemical industry.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
• Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (1)

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Citations (6)

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• 2007
  • 2007-12-10 CA CA002671706A patent/CA2671706A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-12-10 WO PCT/EP2007/063635 patent/WO2008068350A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-12-10 EP EP07857353A patent/EP2099947A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-12-10 US US12/516,608 patent/US20100031772A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-12-10 TW TW096146975A patent/TW200844389A/zh unknown
  • 2007-12-10 BR BRPI0720000-5A2A patent/BRPI0720000A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-12-10 KR KR1020097014162A patent/KR20090110832A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-12-11 AR ARP070105522A patent/AR064219A1/es unknown
• 2013
  • 2013-07-22 US US13/947,647 patent/US20130305882A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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