CA2671706A1 - Titanium-containing molded body - Google Patents
Titanium-containing molded body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2671706A1 CA2671706A1 CA002671706A CA2671706A CA2671706A1 CA 2671706 A1 CA2671706 A1 CA 2671706A1 CA 002671706 A CA002671706 A CA 002671706A CA 2671706 A CA2671706 A CA 2671706A CA 2671706 A1 CA2671706 A1 CA 2671706A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- molded body
- containing molded
- body according
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229960005196 titanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 titanium nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005191 ferric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001484259 Lacuna Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMTFFVYJQSXUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ba].[Mg].[Ca] Chemical compound [Ba].[Mg].[Ca] XMTFFVYJQSXUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCDAAXRCMMPNBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] JCDAAXRCMMPNBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010811 mineral waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- OCDVSJMWGCXRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(4+);disulfide Chemical class [S-2].[S-2].[Ti+4] OCDVSJMWGCXRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
- C22B9/103—Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The subject matter of the invention is a molded body containing titanium, a method for the production thereof, and the use thereof.
Description
Titanium-containing molded body The subject matter of the invention is a titanium-containing molded or formed body, a method for its production and its use.
In particular, the subject matter of the invention is a titanium-containing molded body in the form, for example, of a briquette, pellet or pressed stone, a method for the production of the molded body and its use in metallurgical processes, in particular for introduction in melting vessels or vessels pertaining to primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
The invention also describes a method for increasing the durability of the refractory brick linings, for reducing the nitrogen oxides and also the sulfur content, in particular in the iron analysis and in the waste gas, and for reducing the harmful recycling substances in the melting furnace or shaft furnace, in particular the cupola furnace, by using synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers.
Furthermore, a method of using titanium-containing molded bodies as slag-formers, slag-protection agents and alloying agents is described.
On account of the rising demands on the part of environmental protection when smelting metals, the manufacturer has to fall back on ever more expensive methods in order to reduce substances that load the environment.
This increases the costs of production and thus puts a burden on the economic efficiency of a method. Numerous concerns have therefore developed methods to solve this complicated problem of achieving the set object in the most economical manner possible. Inter alia even when smelting metals in order to reduce substances that load the environment methods that already exist, such as melting gasification of waste, are used. The melting gasification of waste is based on the application of metallurgical process technologies. As a result, the following advantages take effect:
a) High temperatures guarantee that mineral and metallic waste constituents are transferred into a molten phase, and organic and inorganic harmful substances are destroyed. The products that result thereby - provided they do not escape in a gaseous or vaporous form - are bound in a non-elutable manner in the liquid slag and/or into liquid metal. Slag and metals then act as process-integrated reducers of harmful substances.
b) As a result of the reducing atmosphere it is guaranteed that metal oxides are reduced. This is a precondition for the formation of liquid metal alloys.
c) An above-average material utilization of waste is guaranteed by unusually low residual waste (dust, sludge, salts from crude-gas cleaning). Moreover, as a result of the production of a liquid slag which can be granulated in the dry or wet state, a recognized building material is produced that is used worldwide;
thus, like the manufacture or production of a metal alloy that can be disposed of in the scrap trade or directly in smelting works or foundries.
In secondary metallurgy, inter alia ferrotitanium, ferrocarbon titanium and titanium aluminum from aluminothermic production are also used as the alloying agents. These alloying agents, in particular ferrotitanium, are very expensive. Analysis of the ferrotitanium reveals that it consists mainly of 20 to 75 % by weight or more Ti, of 2 to 10 % by weight or more Al + A1203, of 0.2 to 8 % by weight or more Si and of 20 up to 65 % by weight or more Fe.
A ferrocarbon titanium can have, for example, the following composition of the main constituents: Ti: 30 to 40 %; C: 5 to 8 %; Si: 3 to 4%; Al: 1 to 2$; Mn: 0.5 %. Titanium aluminum can have, for example, the following composition of the main constituents: Ti: 5 to 10 % or 50 to 63 %; Al:
remainder.
Substitution of these alloying agents by means of less expensive materials would considerably increase the economic efficiency of steel production.
The main reason for using titanium in modern steels or cast iron is the stabilization of austenitic chromium/nickel/
steels with respect to sensitivity to cracks and the refinement of graphite inclusions in cast iron.
As a result of the processes in secondary metallurgy that often last a very long time (up to more then 2 hours), the slag zones of the ladles or vessels are stressed to a very great extent by the slag thermodynamics or kinetics.
Premature stoppages and expensive repairs of the ladles are necessary.
The cupola furnace is a shaft furnace in which metals can be melted. As a rule, the cupola furnace is used to produce metals. In this connection, the shaft furnace is loaded from above with coke as the energy carrier, the charge substances and the additional substances. The charge substances are solid crude iron, recycling materials, sheet stacks and selected metal steel scrap depending on the aim of production. In order to adjust the Si content in the iron analysis and also to establish favorable flow properties of the slag, molded bodies of silicon carbide, gravel and limestone are used as additional substances. In order to remove the metal, the furnace must be tapped a little above its base. Following the tap there is a siphon which has two outlets. In this connection, the liquid slag is diverted through the upper one into a collecting container. The iron underneath the slag is pressed through the other one and can, for example, be directed into a lead-point furnace. The functioning of the siphon is only possible on account of a slight excess pressure in the shaft furnace.
Often, however, melting or shaft furnaces reach their limits so there is still the obligation to develop novel special technologies that are enhanced for the use of metallurgical waste.
In the case of all the methods known hitherto for the treatment of waste substances, however, there is still loading by metallurgical recycling materials, for example zinc, sodium, potassium, lead, copper, vanadium etc.. The more waste substances there are to be disposed of, the greater is the content of these undesired substances. This results in particular in the durability of the refractory brick linings and aggregates being considerably reduced.
Thus, for example, in a shaft furnace operating according to the OxiCup method ready pressed pieces are used whose composition is of various waste substances, for example iron-containing dusts, reducing agents, slag-formers and binders. The purpose of this technology is to allow the smelting process that normally runs in the blast-furnace process to run in the individual pressed molded bodies themselves. Thus dust-like iron-oxide carriers, which occur again and again in all smelting processes, are processed in a better way. Without these technologies, the proportion of dusts that can be reused would be comparatively small so that another form of disposal harming the environment would be necessary.
All pressed pieces used up until now contain the above-mentioned harmful metallic recycling substances. In the case of the thermal treatment of such waste substances, moreover, a waste gas develops that additionally contains NOX (nitrogen oxides) and SO2 (sulfur dioxide) . In particular in the case of the OxiCup method, zinc, lead, sodium and potassium are to be pointed out as recycling substances that are harmful.
Zinc, on account of its low melting and vaporization point which is only low, has the negative property that it builds 5 up in the throat dust and during recycling is introduced again and again anew into the recycling process. Those zinc particles that come into contact with the refractory brick lining reduce its durability. There has been no fundamental possibility up until now of making the negative effects of zinc harmless apart from that of removing zinc from the siphon.
Lead, on account of its great specific weight, takes effect at the base of a shaft furnace, penetrates into the points of porosity of the brick lining, and there destroys the same.
Alkalis, such as sodium and potassium, on account of the need for an acidic slag for discharge from the furnace, hinder sulfur-removal from the crude iron which for its part requires a slag that is as alkaline as possible. The contrary demands hinder the blast-furnace process to a very great extent. Furthermore, alkalis act as fluxing agents for any refractory brick linings, this in turn affecting the economic efficiency in a very negative way.
The elements copper, chromium, nickel and vanadium dissolve almost completely in the liquid crude iron so that they cannot be removed either in the downstream steel-production process. Here as well, the measure of reducing the contents as far as possible in the run-up is also important.
In all shaft furnaces coke is used as an energy carrier. In this connection, coke contains as an impurity inter alia in addition undesirable sulfur. As a result of the combustion of the coke the liquid iron absorbs a proportion of sulfur which acts in a disturbing manner for further processing.
The iron must therefore be freed from sulfur in special plants pertaining to primary and/or secondary metallurgy in a very costly and elaborate manner.
An object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and thereby in particular by means of the use of synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers reduce the contents of the above-described negative recycling or accompanying substances, if applicable the content of nitrogen and also sulfur in the iron, to curtail the formation of NOX in order therefore to improve the quality of the waste gas and in order thus to protect the environment.
A further object of the invention is to increase, if applicable at the same time, the durability of refractory brick linings and also aggregates.
A further object of the invention is to provide titanium-containing molded bodies as alloying agents in primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
Surprisingly, these objects have been achieved by means of the features of the main claim.
In accordance with the invention, the titanium-containing molded bodies contain synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers. What are to be understood by titanium carriers in this connection are substances that contain the element titanium, for example as an element, as a compound and/or as a constituent of a salt. The synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers are mixed with the other substances in a homogeneous manner, if applicable with the addition of a binding agent, and subsequently processed by means of a shaping process, for example, to form agglomerated stones, briquettes, pellets or pressed stones. If necessary, the titanium-containing molded bodies are subsequently subjected to heat treatment. The treatment temperature lies at up to 1,500 C, preferably at 80 C to 1,400 C.
In particular, the subject matter of the invention is a titanium-containing molded body in the form, for example, of a briquette, pellet or pressed stone, a method for the production of the molded body and its use in metallurgical processes, in particular for introduction in melting vessels or vessels pertaining to primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
The invention also describes a method for increasing the durability of the refractory brick linings, for reducing the nitrogen oxides and also the sulfur content, in particular in the iron analysis and in the waste gas, and for reducing the harmful recycling substances in the melting furnace or shaft furnace, in particular the cupola furnace, by using synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers.
Furthermore, a method of using titanium-containing molded bodies as slag-formers, slag-protection agents and alloying agents is described.
On account of the rising demands on the part of environmental protection when smelting metals, the manufacturer has to fall back on ever more expensive methods in order to reduce substances that load the environment.
This increases the costs of production and thus puts a burden on the economic efficiency of a method. Numerous concerns have therefore developed methods to solve this complicated problem of achieving the set object in the most economical manner possible. Inter alia even when smelting metals in order to reduce substances that load the environment methods that already exist, such as melting gasification of waste, are used. The melting gasification of waste is based on the application of metallurgical process technologies. As a result, the following advantages take effect:
a) High temperatures guarantee that mineral and metallic waste constituents are transferred into a molten phase, and organic and inorganic harmful substances are destroyed. The products that result thereby - provided they do not escape in a gaseous or vaporous form - are bound in a non-elutable manner in the liquid slag and/or into liquid metal. Slag and metals then act as process-integrated reducers of harmful substances.
b) As a result of the reducing atmosphere it is guaranteed that metal oxides are reduced. This is a precondition for the formation of liquid metal alloys.
c) An above-average material utilization of waste is guaranteed by unusually low residual waste (dust, sludge, salts from crude-gas cleaning). Moreover, as a result of the production of a liquid slag which can be granulated in the dry or wet state, a recognized building material is produced that is used worldwide;
thus, like the manufacture or production of a metal alloy that can be disposed of in the scrap trade or directly in smelting works or foundries.
In secondary metallurgy, inter alia ferrotitanium, ferrocarbon titanium and titanium aluminum from aluminothermic production are also used as the alloying agents. These alloying agents, in particular ferrotitanium, are very expensive. Analysis of the ferrotitanium reveals that it consists mainly of 20 to 75 % by weight or more Ti, of 2 to 10 % by weight or more Al + A1203, of 0.2 to 8 % by weight or more Si and of 20 up to 65 % by weight or more Fe.
A ferrocarbon titanium can have, for example, the following composition of the main constituents: Ti: 30 to 40 %; C: 5 to 8 %; Si: 3 to 4%; Al: 1 to 2$; Mn: 0.5 %. Titanium aluminum can have, for example, the following composition of the main constituents: Ti: 5 to 10 % or 50 to 63 %; Al:
remainder.
Substitution of these alloying agents by means of less expensive materials would considerably increase the economic efficiency of steel production.
The main reason for using titanium in modern steels or cast iron is the stabilization of austenitic chromium/nickel/
steels with respect to sensitivity to cracks and the refinement of graphite inclusions in cast iron.
As a result of the processes in secondary metallurgy that often last a very long time (up to more then 2 hours), the slag zones of the ladles or vessels are stressed to a very great extent by the slag thermodynamics or kinetics.
Premature stoppages and expensive repairs of the ladles are necessary.
The cupola furnace is a shaft furnace in which metals can be melted. As a rule, the cupola furnace is used to produce metals. In this connection, the shaft furnace is loaded from above with coke as the energy carrier, the charge substances and the additional substances. The charge substances are solid crude iron, recycling materials, sheet stacks and selected metal steel scrap depending on the aim of production. In order to adjust the Si content in the iron analysis and also to establish favorable flow properties of the slag, molded bodies of silicon carbide, gravel and limestone are used as additional substances. In order to remove the metal, the furnace must be tapped a little above its base. Following the tap there is a siphon which has two outlets. In this connection, the liquid slag is diverted through the upper one into a collecting container. The iron underneath the slag is pressed through the other one and can, for example, be directed into a lead-point furnace. The functioning of the siphon is only possible on account of a slight excess pressure in the shaft furnace.
Often, however, melting or shaft furnaces reach their limits so there is still the obligation to develop novel special technologies that are enhanced for the use of metallurgical waste.
In the case of all the methods known hitherto for the treatment of waste substances, however, there is still loading by metallurgical recycling materials, for example zinc, sodium, potassium, lead, copper, vanadium etc.. The more waste substances there are to be disposed of, the greater is the content of these undesired substances. This results in particular in the durability of the refractory brick linings and aggregates being considerably reduced.
Thus, for example, in a shaft furnace operating according to the OxiCup method ready pressed pieces are used whose composition is of various waste substances, for example iron-containing dusts, reducing agents, slag-formers and binders. The purpose of this technology is to allow the smelting process that normally runs in the blast-furnace process to run in the individual pressed molded bodies themselves. Thus dust-like iron-oxide carriers, which occur again and again in all smelting processes, are processed in a better way. Without these technologies, the proportion of dusts that can be reused would be comparatively small so that another form of disposal harming the environment would be necessary.
All pressed pieces used up until now contain the above-mentioned harmful metallic recycling substances. In the case of the thermal treatment of such waste substances, moreover, a waste gas develops that additionally contains NOX (nitrogen oxides) and SO2 (sulfur dioxide) . In particular in the case of the OxiCup method, zinc, lead, sodium and potassium are to be pointed out as recycling substances that are harmful.
Zinc, on account of its low melting and vaporization point which is only low, has the negative property that it builds 5 up in the throat dust and during recycling is introduced again and again anew into the recycling process. Those zinc particles that come into contact with the refractory brick lining reduce its durability. There has been no fundamental possibility up until now of making the negative effects of zinc harmless apart from that of removing zinc from the siphon.
Lead, on account of its great specific weight, takes effect at the base of a shaft furnace, penetrates into the points of porosity of the brick lining, and there destroys the same.
Alkalis, such as sodium and potassium, on account of the need for an acidic slag for discharge from the furnace, hinder sulfur-removal from the crude iron which for its part requires a slag that is as alkaline as possible. The contrary demands hinder the blast-furnace process to a very great extent. Furthermore, alkalis act as fluxing agents for any refractory brick linings, this in turn affecting the economic efficiency in a very negative way.
The elements copper, chromium, nickel and vanadium dissolve almost completely in the liquid crude iron so that they cannot be removed either in the downstream steel-production process. Here as well, the measure of reducing the contents as far as possible in the run-up is also important.
In all shaft furnaces coke is used as an energy carrier. In this connection, coke contains as an impurity inter alia in addition undesirable sulfur. As a result of the combustion of the coke the liquid iron absorbs a proportion of sulfur which acts in a disturbing manner for further processing.
The iron must therefore be freed from sulfur in special plants pertaining to primary and/or secondary metallurgy in a very costly and elaborate manner.
An object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and thereby in particular by means of the use of synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers reduce the contents of the above-described negative recycling or accompanying substances, if applicable the content of nitrogen and also sulfur in the iron, to curtail the formation of NOX in order therefore to improve the quality of the waste gas and in order thus to protect the environment.
A further object of the invention is to increase, if applicable at the same time, the durability of refractory brick linings and also aggregates.
A further object of the invention is to provide titanium-containing molded bodies as alloying agents in primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
Surprisingly, these objects have been achieved by means of the features of the main claim.
In accordance with the invention, the titanium-containing molded bodies contain synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers. What are to be understood by titanium carriers in this connection are substances that contain the element titanium, for example as an element, as a compound and/or as a constituent of a salt. The synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers are mixed with the other substances in a homogeneous manner, if applicable with the addition of a binding agent, and subsequently processed by means of a shaping process, for example, to form agglomerated stones, briquettes, pellets or pressed stones. If necessary, the titanium-containing molded bodies are subsequently subjected to heat treatment. The treatment temperature lies at up to 1,500 C, preferably at 80 C to 1,400 C.
In accordance with the invention, it is also possible to use titanium-containing molded bodies that mainly consist of titanium dioxide or its compounds.
The titanium-containing molded body in accordance with the invention contains 0.5 to 100, preferably 1 to 90, particularly preferably 1 to 80, especially preferably 3 to 70, in particular preferably 4 to 65, preferably 4 to 50, in particular preferably 5 to 30 % by weight Ti02 (calculated from the total titanium content). This molded body is suitable in accordance with the invention in particular for use in melting and shaft furnaces in the field of primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
Synthetic raw materials from the chemical industry are pelletized by means of various chemical binders or re-shaped in sintering processes to form chargeable titanium carriers and in the respective processes of secondary metallurgy charged into the liquid media such as metals or slags.
In cases in which the users' respective plant system has an adequate blow-in system, the synthetic titanium carriers can also be blown in as alloying agents.
The respective quantities are matched to the respective requirement and charge-make-up calculation.
The synthetic titanium carriers are dissolved in the liquid metals or slags and increase the respective titanium content depending on the requirement.
In accordance with the invention synthetic titanium carriers with contents of 10 to 100 % by weight, of 25 to 35 % by weight, of 45 to 65 % by weight, of 70 to 90 % by weight and also of 100 % by weight, calculated as Ti02r are at one's disposal.
In cases in which the oxygen content of the Ti02 is disadvantageous (for example outside vacuum systems), synthetic titanium carriers on the basis of titanium carbonitride, titanium nitrides or titanium carbides can also be used. Flexibility exists depending on the requirement.
For loading melting or shaft furnaces it is advantageous if the raw materials are present in the form of molded bodies.
Thus, for example silicon carbide is used in the form of briquettes for loading the cupola furnace. In accordance with the prior art, such molded bodies are also produced on the basis of charge substances that are to be disposed of industrially. Coal and coal sludge, silicon-carbide-containing residues, throat and steelworks dust and sludge and other substances can be used, for example, as industrial charge substances.
Throat and steelworks dusts as well as sludge are very ferrous, yet crude iron can only be obtained from them in an economical manner if they are poured into the shaft furnace as agglomerated solid bodies. Methods have been developed for this with which the so-called agglomerated stones are produced from the dust with the aid of binding agents.
Before the process of pressing the molded bodies, the respective charge substances that are to be disposed of and smelted are mixed with coal-based slag-formers, binding agents and reducing agents.
Titanium-containing materials, selected from natural titanium ores, titanium-dioxide-rich slags and also synthetic titanium-containing materials or mixtures of at least two of these materials are used for the production of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention.
The synthetic titanium-dioxide-containing materials are selected in accordance with the invention from the materials listed below or mixtures thereof:
The titanium-containing molded body in accordance with the invention contains 0.5 to 100, preferably 1 to 90, particularly preferably 1 to 80, especially preferably 3 to 70, in particular preferably 4 to 65, preferably 4 to 50, in particular preferably 5 to 30 % by weight Ti02 (calculated from the total titanium content). This molded body is suitable in accordance with the invention in particular for use in melting and shaft furnaces in the field of primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
Synthetic raw materials from the chemical industry are pelletized by means of various chemical binders or re-shaped in sintering processes to form chargeable titanium carriers and in the respective processes of secondary metallurgy charged into the liquid media such as metals or slags.
In cases in which the users' respective plant system has an adequate blow-in system, the synthetic titanium carriers can also be blown in as alloying agents.
The respective quantities are matched to the respective requirement and charge-make-up calculation.
The synthetic titanium carriers are dissolved in the liquid metals or slags and increase the respective titanium content depending on the requirement.
In accordance with the invention synthetic titanium carriers with contents of 10 to 100 % by weight, of 25 to 35 % by weight, of 45 to 65 % by weight, of 70 to 90 % by weight and also of 100 % by weight, calculated as Ti02r are at one's disposal.
In cases in which the oxygen content of the Ti02 is disadvantageous (for example outside vacuum systems), synthetic titanium carriers on the basis of titanium carbonitride, titanium nitrides or titanium carbides can also be used. Flexibility exists depending on the requirement.
For loading melting or shaft furnaces it is advantageous if the raw materials are present in the form of molded bodies.
Thus, for example silicon carbide is used in the form of briquettes for loading the cupola furnace. In accordance with the prior art, such molded bodies are also produced on the basis of charge substances that are to be disposed of industrially. Coal and coal sludge, silicon-carbide-containing residues, throat and steelworks dust and sludge and other substances can be used, for example, as industrial charge substances.
Throat and steelworks dusts as well as sludge are very ferrous, yet crude iron can only be obtained from them in an economical manner if they are poured into the shaft furnace as agglomerated solid bodies. Methods have been developed for this with which the so-called agglomerated stones are produced from the dust with the aid of binding agents.
Before the process of pressing the molded bodies, the respective charge substances that are to be disposed of and smelted are mixed with coal-based slag-formers, binding agents and reducing agents.
Titanium-containing materials, selected from natural titanium ores, titanium-dioxide-rich slags and also synthetic titanium-containing materials or mixtures of at least two of these materials are used for the production of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention.
The synthetic titanium-dioxide-containing materials are selected in accordance with the invention from the materials listed below or mixtures thereof:
- intermediate, coupled and/or finished products from the production of titanium dioxide. The materials can then originate not only from the production of titanium dioxide in accordance with the sulfate process, but also from the production of titanium dioxide in accordance with the chloride process. The intermediate and coupled products can be drawn off from the current Ti02-production.
- residues from the production of titanium dioxide. The materials can then originate not only from the production of titanium dioxide in accordance with the sulfate process (disintegration residues), but also from the production of titanium dioxide in accordance with the chloride process; if necessary, the materials are pretreated before use as an additional substance, for example by neutralization, washing and/or pre-drying.
- residues from the chemical industry, for example from Ti02-containing catalysts, in turn, for example, from DENOX catalysts.
- residues from sulfuric-acid production, the so-called burn-up residues that occur during the splitting of filter salt (iron sulfate) and in addition to iron oxide also contain titanium dioxide.
The production of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention is effected by mixing and/or adding the natural titanium ores, for example ilmenite sand and/or Sorel slag, titanium-dioxide-rich slags and/or synthetic titanium-dioxide-containing materials.
If applicable, further materials, for example charge substances that are to be disposed of industrially and/or reducing agents, based, for example, on coal, such as silicon-carbide-containing residues, coal and coal sludge, throat and steelworks dust and sludge and other substances, can be added to these titanium-containing materials.
In order to produce the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention, one or more of the above-mentioned fine-grained titanium-containing materials is/are added to the mixtures of the fine-grained charge substances 5 before the shaping by pressing, briquetting or pelleting.
The mixture thus obtained is pressed with the aid of binding agents to form the molded bodies in accordance with the invention. If necessary, the titanium-containing molded bodies are subsequently subjected to heat treatment. The 10 treatment temperature lies at up to 1,500 C, preferably at 80 C to 1,400 C.
The titanium ores and titanium-dioxide-rich slags used to produce the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention contain 15 to 95, preferably 25 to 90 %
by weight Ti02 (calculated from the total titanium content) The titanium ores can be used in an unpurified form or after separation of impurities and also the gangue in order to produce the additional substance.
The synthetic titanium-containing materials used to produce the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention contain 5 to 100, preferably 10 to 100, particularly preferably 20 to 100 % by weight Ti02 (calculated from the total titanium content).
The subject matter of the invention is, furthermore:
= the use of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention in order to increase the durability of refractory systems;
= the use of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention in order to reduce nitrogen oxides and sulfur, and also = the use of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention in order to reduce undesirable accompanying substances during the smelting process, for example in the melting or shaft furnace in the field of primary metallurgy;
- residues from the production of titanium dioxide. The materials can then originate not only from the production of titanium dioxide in accordance with the sulfate process (disintegration residues), but also from the production of titanium dioxide in accordance with the chloride process; if necessary, the materials are pretreated before use as an additional substance, for example by neutralization, washing and/or pre-drying.
- residues from the chemical industry, for example from Ti02-containing catalysts, in turn, for example, from DENOX catalysts.
- residues from sulfuric-acid production, the so-called burn-up residues that occur during the splitting of filter salt (iron sulfate) and in addition to iron oxide also contain titanium dioxide.
The production of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention is effected by mixing and/or adding the natural titanium ores, for example ilmenite sand and/or Sorel slag, titanium-dioxide-rich slags and/or synthetic titanium-dioxide-containing materials.
If applicable, further materials, for example charge substances that are to be disposed of industrially and/or reducing agents, based, for example, on coal, such as silicon-carbide-containing residues, coal and coal sludge, throat and steelworks dust and sludge and other substances, can be added to these titanium-containing materials.
In order to produce the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention, one or more of the above-mentioned fine-grained titanium-containing materials is/are added to the mixtures of the fine-grained charge substances 5 before the shaping by pressing, briquetting or pelleting.
The mixture thus obtained is pressed with the aid of binding agents to form the molded bodies in accordance with the invention. If necessary, the titanium-containing molded bodies are subsequently subjected to heat treatment. The 10 treatment temperature lies at up to 1,500 C, preferably at 80 C to 1,400 C.
The titanium ores and titanium-dioxide-rich slags used to produce the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention contain 15 to 95, preferably 25 to 90 %
by weight Ti02 (calculated from the total titanium content) The titanium ores can be used in an unpurified form or after separation of impurities and also the gangue in order to produce the additional substance.
The synthetic titanium-containing materials used to produce the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention contain 5 to 100, preferably 10 to 100, particularly preferably 20 to 100 % by weight Ti02 (calculated from the total titanium content).
The subject matter of the invention is, furthermore:
= the use of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention in order to increase the durability of refractory systems;
= the use of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention in order to reduce nitrogen oxides and sulfur, and also = the use of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention in order to reduce undesirable accompanying substances during the smelting process, for example in the melting or shaft furnace in the field of primary metallurgy;
= the use of the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention as a slag-protection agent and alloying agent.
With the present invention:
5= a titanium-containing molded body for use in metallurgical processes, in particular for use in melting vessels or vessels pertaining to primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body for addition to shaft furnaces in order to increase the durability of the furnace brick linings is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body for addition to shaft furnaces in order to reduce the recycling substances is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body for addition to shaft furnaces in order to reduce the nitrogen, the sulfur and/or the nitrogen is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body for addition to shaft furnaces and melting vessels or vessels pertaining to primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy in order to increase the durability of the respective refractory linings is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body as an alloying agent in primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy is provided.
When these titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention are introduced into shaft furnaces, these molded bodies are heated during the metallurgical smelting process. The reducing agents that are present in the molded bodies reduce the oxidic components of the shaft furnace.
This applies both to the iron oxides and to the titanium compounds previously mixed with the stone. In this connection, the reducing agents in the molded bodies given the presence of the natural titanium ores, such as ilmenite (titanium is present as iron titanate in ilmenite), are reduced in the first step to form reactive Ti02;
With the present invention:
5= a titanium-containing molded body for use in metallurgical processes, in particular for use in melting vessels or vessels pertaining to primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body for addition to shaft furnaces in order to increase the durability of the furnace brick linings is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body for addition to shaft furnaces in order to reduce the recycling substances is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body for addition to shaft furnaces in order to reduce the nitrogen, the sulfur and/or the nitrogen is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body for addition to shaft furnaces and melting vessels or vessels pertaining to primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy in order to increase the durability of the respective refractory linings is provided;
= a titanium-containing molded body as an alloying agent in primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy is provided.
When these titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention are introduced into shaft furnaces, these molded bodies are heated during the metallurgical smelting process. The reducing agents that are present in the molded bodies reduce the oxidic components of the shaft furnace.
This applies both to the iron oxides and to the titanium compounds previously mixed with the stone. In this connection, the reducing agents in the molded bodies given the presence of the natural titanium ores, such as ilmenite (titanium is present as iron titanate in ilmenite), are reduced in the first step to form reactive Ti02;
subsequently, the final reduction of the Ti02-particles that are obtained to form CO and metallic titanium is effected.
This reaction is effected immediately in the case of the synthetic titanium carriers, since titanium is mainly present as titanium dioxide. The elements that are thus reduced to metallic titanium react in the last step to form extremely highly refractory titanium carbides, titanium nitrides and/or titanium carbonitrides. Furthermore, highly refractory compounds with aluminum, magnesium, calcium are formed, for example aluminum titanate, magnesium titanate and calcium titanate. Moreover, metal oxide spinels that contain titanium are also formed. Subsequently, the molded bodies react in the course of the smelting process and are dissolved with the formation of a fine iron-slag mixture.
In this connection, the titanium carbides, titanium nitrides, titanium carbonitrides or metal titanates and spinels emulsified therein are deposited wherever the respective liquids come into contact with the refractory brick lining. When these ultra-fine particles are deposited on the surfaces that are to be protected, very refractory and relatively dense layers of titanium carbonitrides, metal titanates and also spinels are formed. These deposited layers can not only repair defective points, but also protect regions that are sound against the penetration of liquids, such as iron or slag, and thus clearly increase the durability. The protective effect extends in particular as well in the interior of a shaft furnace, for example within the tapping channels or siphon constructions.
When the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention are used as slag-protection agents, as a result of the addition of the titanium carriers, preferably as a result of the addition of synthetic titanium carriers, to the various secondary/and tertiary slags of the iron and steel industry, the advance wear in the slag zone of the steel ladles can be clearly reduced or completely prevented.
This reaction is effected immediately in the case of the synthetic titanium carriers, since titanium is mainly present as titanium dioxide. The elements that are thus reduced to metallic titanium react in the last step to form extremely highly refractory titanium carbides, titanium nitrides and/or titanium carbonitrides. Furthermore, highly refractory compounds with aluminum, magnesium, calcium are formed, for example aluminum titanate, magnesium titanate and calcium titanate. Moreover, metal oxide spinels that contain titanium are also formed. Subsequently, the molded bodies react in the course of the smelting process and are dissolved with the formation of a fine iron-slag mixture.
In this connection, the titanium carbides, titanium nitrides, titanium carbonitrides or metal titanates and spinels emulsified therein are deposited wherever the respective liquids come into contact with the refractory brick lining. When these ultra-fine particles are deposited on the surfaces that are to be protected, very refractory and relatively dense layers of titanium carbonitrides, metal titanates and also spinels are formed. These deposited layers can not only repair defective points, but also protect regions that are sound against the penetration of liquids, such as iron or slag, and thus clearly increase the durability. The protective effect extends in particular as well in the interior of a shaft furnace, for example within the tapping channels or siphon constructions.
When the titanium-containing molded bodies in accordance with the invention are used as slag-protection agents, as a result of the addition of the titanium carriers, preferably as a result of the addition of synthetic titanium carriers, to the various secondary/and tertiary slags of the iron and steel industry, the advance wear in the slag zone of the steel ladles can be clearly reduced or completely prevented.
This process is made possible by virtue of the fact that the [lacuna] to the liquid system by blowing in or by charging coarse-grained bundles of synthetic titanium carriers with the compounds of barium and/or calcium and/or aluminum and/or magnesium present in the slags form various highly refractive titanates.
Since the slags and metals are in motion to a great extent as a result of the metallurgical rinsing process, the titanium-containing slags permanently come into contact with the zone of the advance wear in the slag region of the ladles. The highly refractory barium-calcium-magnesium and/or aluminum titanates are then deposited on the respective contact faces and reduce or prevent the wear of this critical zone of a steel ladle.
The advantage of this variant of the protective function of the various titanium carriers lies in the fact that even with oxidizing systems the refractoriness of the refractory linings of melting vessels that are to be protected is increased by the respective titanates or titanium compounds.
The undesirable accompanying substances, for example zinc, lead, sodium, potassium etc., are bound by the use of titanium-containing carriers as metal titanates and can thus be removed from the shaft furnace as a constituent of the slag.
In a manner conditional on the catalytic activity of titanium dioxide and also the tendency of titanium to form titanium carbonitrides with nitrogen, on the one hand the resultant nitrogen oxides are reduced catalytically to form nitrogen and on the other hand the formation of high-temperature-resistant titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride and/or titanium oxynitride is promoted. This has the advantage that the harmful nitrogen oxides are removed from the waste gas.
Since the slags and metals are in motion to a great extent as a result of the metallurgical rinsing process, the titanium-containing slags permanently come into contact with the zone of the advance wear in the slag region of the ladles. The highly refractory barium-calcium-magnesium and/or aluminum titanates are then deposited on the respective contact faces and reduce or prevent the wear of this critical zone of a steel ladle.
The advantage of this variant of the protective function of the various titanium carriers lies in the fact that even with oxidizing systems the refractoriness of the refractory linings of melting vessels that are to be protected is increased by the respective titanates or titanium compounds.
The undesirable accompanying substances, for example zinc, lead, sodium, potassium etc., are bound by the use of titanium-containing carriers as metal titanates and can thus be removed from the shaft furnace as a constituent of the slag.
In a manner conditional on the catalytic activity of titanium dioxide and also the tendency of titanium to form titanium carbonitrides with nitrogen, on the one hand the resultant nitrogen oxides are reduced catalytically to form nitrogen and on the other hand the formation of high-temperature-resistant titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride and/or titanium oxynitride is promoted. This has the advantage that the harmful nitrogen oxides are removed from the waste gas.
In addition, the sulfur that is present in the iron forms with titanium various titanium sulfides that are then removed from the shaft furnace as a constituent of the slag.
Ilmenite and/or Sorel slag and/or rutile sand are preferably used as natural titanium carriers. Titanium compounds, in particular titanium dioxide, are used as synthetic titanium-dioxide-containing carriers. Moreover, in accordance with the invention it is possible to use residues from titanium-dioxide production, not only in accordance with the sulfate process, but also in accordance with the chloride process.
In accordance with the invention it is also possible to make use of titanium-dioxide-containing waste substances, such as catalysts from DENOX-plants and also from the chemical industry.
Ilmenite and/or Sorel slag and/or rutile sand are preferably used as natural titanium carriers. Titanium compounds, in particular titanium dioxide, are used as synthetic titanium-dioxide-containing carriers. Moreover, in accordance with the invention it is possible to use residues from titanium-dioxide production, not only in accordance with the sulfate process, but also in accordance with the chloride process.
In accordance with the invention it is also possible to make use of titanium-dioxide-containing waste substances, such as catalysts from DENOX-plants and also from the chemical industry.
Claims (26)
1. Titanium-containing molded body, characterized in that it contains synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers.
2. Titanium-containing molded body according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as titanium carriers the element titanium, titanium compounds and/or titanium as a constituent of a salt.
3. Titanium-containing molded body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains as a titanium carrier titanium dioxide or its compound.
4. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains as titanium carriers natural titanium carriers, preferably ilmenite, Sorel slag and/or rutile sand.
5. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains as titanium carriers synthetic titanium carriers.
6. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains synthetic and/or natural titanium carriers with a Ti02 content (calculated from the total Ti content) of 50 to 100% by weight, preferably from 60 to 95% by weight.
7. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the natural titanium carriers preferably contains (sic) a titanium-dioxide content (calculated from the total titanium content) of 15 to 95% by weight and particularly preferably 25 to 90% by weight.
8. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it contains synthetic titanium carriers based on titanium carbonitride, titanium nitrides and/or titanium carbides.
9. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it contains 0.5 to 100% by weight, preferably 1 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 80% by weight of the titanium carrier (calculated from the total titanium content).
10. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it contains 3 to 70% by weight, preferably 4 to 65% by weight, particularly preferably 4 to 50, in particular 5 to 30%
by weight of the titanium carrier (calculated from the total titanium content).
by weight of the titanium carrier (calculated from the total titanium content).
11. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it contains 45 to 55%, 80 to 90% or 100% of the titanium carrier (calculated from the total titanium content).
12. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it contains synthetic titanium carriers with titanium-dioxide contents of 10 to 100% by weight, of 25 to 35% by weight, of 45 to 65% by weight, of 70 to 90% by weight and also of 100% by weight (calculated from the total titanium content).
13. Titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is present in the form of agglomerated stones, briquettes, pellets or pressed stones.
14. Method for producing a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that titanium-containing materials, selected from natural titanium ores, titanium-dioxide-rich slags and also synthetic titanium-containing materials or mixtures of at least two of these materials, with the aid of binding agents and, if applicable, further charge substances, for example slag-formers, silicon-carbide-containing residues, throat and steelworks dust and sludge and other substances and/or reducing agents, for example based on coal, such as coal and coal sludge, are pressed to form molded bodies.
15. Method for producing a titanium-containing molded body according to claim 14, characterized in that the titanium-containing molded bodies are subsequently subjected to heat treatment up to 1,500 °C.
16. Method for producing a titanium-containing molded body according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the titanium ores and titanium-dioxide-rich slags used for the production of the titanium-containing molded bodies contain 15 to 95% by weight, preferably 25 to 90% by weight Ti02 (calculated from the total titanium content).
17. Method for producing a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the synthetic titanium-containing materials used for the production of the titanium-containing molded bodies contain 5 to 100% by weight, preferably 10 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 100% by weight Ti02 (calculated from the total titanium content).
18. Use of a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 in order to increase the durability of refractory systems.
19. Use of a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 in order to reduce the recycling substances.
20. Use of a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 in order to reduce nitrogen oxides and sulfur.
21. Use of a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 in order to reduce undesirable accompanying substances during the smelting process, for example in the melting or shaft furnace in the field of primary metallurgy.
22. Use of a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 as a slag-protection agent and alloying agent.
23. Use of a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 in metallurgical processes, in particular in vessels pertaining to primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
24. Use of a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 in melting and/or shaft furnaces in the field of primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
25. Use of a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 in melting and/or shaft furnaces in order to increase the durability of the furnace brick linings.
26. Use of a titanium-containing molded body according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 as an alloying agent in the field of primary, secondary and tertiary metallurgy.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006058416.3 | 2006-12-08 | ||
| DE102006058416 | 2006-12-08 | ||
| DE102007047809 | 2007-11-16 | ||
| DE102007047809.9 | 2007-11-16 | ||
| PCT/EP2007/063635 WO2008068350A1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-10 | Molded body containing titanium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2671706A1 true CA2671706A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
Family
ID=39099829
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002671706A Abandoned CA2671706A1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-10 | Titanium-containing molded body |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20100031772A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2099947A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20090110832A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR064219A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0720000A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2671706A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200844389A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008068350A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010060127A1 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-04-26 | Crenox Gmbh | Use of digestion residue from titanium dioxide production as a photocatalytically active substance |
| EP2444150A1 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-04-25 | crenox GmbH | Carrier catalyst consisting of pulp remnants of black solution containing titanyl sulfate |
| US9410156B2 (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2016-08-09 | Somalogic, Inc. | Aptamers to PDGF and VEGF and their use in treating PDGF and VEGF mediated conditions |
| RU2634831C2 (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2017-11-03 | Захтлебен Хеми Гмбх | Titan containing filler, method for its manufacturing and its application |
| CN112641720A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2021-04-13 | 诺华股份有限公司 | Lipoic acid choline ester compositions and methods of use |
| CN109081681A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-25 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | A kind of fired brick and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT268343B (en) * | 1965-12-03 | 1969-02-10 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Process for the production of steels with improved machinability |
| US3507644A (en) * | 1966-04-04 | 1970-04-21 | Miller & Co | Titanium additive and method of use thereof |
| US3765868A (en) * | 1971-07-07 | 1973-10-16 | Nl Industries Inc | Method for the selective recovery of metallic iron and titanium oxide values from ilmenites |
| SU551402A1 (en) * | 1976-01-04 | 1977-03-25 | Челябинский металлургический завод | Steel Alloy Mix |
| JPS5514802A (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1980-02-01 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Treating method for molten metal generated at reduction treatment for slag from steel manufacture |
| GB2164354B (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1989-04-05 | Vasipari Kutato Fejleszto | Process for preparing silicon-base complex ferrous alloys |
| US5807798A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-09-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Refractory compositions for use in fluid bed chlorinators |
| DE19705996C2 (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 1999-02-25 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for the production of aggregate containing titanium dioxide |
| JP4122664B2 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2008-07-23 | ソニー株式会社 | Method for manufacturing acoustic diaphragm |
| AU2001236246A1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2001-09-03 | Industrial Research Limited | Process for producing titanium carbide, titanium nitride, or tungsten carbide hardened materials |
| US7700038B2 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2010-04-20 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Formed articles including master alloy, and methods of making and using the same |
| CN101189292B (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2011-12-07 | 创新塑料有限责任公司 | Fly ash and cinder strengthened thermoplastic |
| DE102005051953B3 (en) * | 2005-10-29 | 2007-06-06 | Tu Bergakademie Freiberg | Process for the preparation of refractory moldings or masses |
-
2007
- 2007-12-10 CA CA002671706A patent/CA2671706A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-10 EP EP07857353A patent/EP2099947A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-10 TW TW096146975A patent/TW200844389A/en unknown
- 2007-12-10 US US12/516,608 patent/US20100031772A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-10 BR BRPI0720000-5A2A patent/BRPI0720000A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-10 WO PCT/EP2007/063635 patent/WO2008068350A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-12-10 KR KR1020097014162A patent/KR20090110832A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-11 AR ARP070105522A patent/AR064219A1/en unknown
-
2013
- 2013-07-22 US US13/947,647 patent/US20130305882A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008068350A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
| EP2099947A1 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
| US20100031772A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
| TW200844389A (en) | 2008-11-16 |
| BRPI0720000A2 (en) | 2013-12-17 |
| AR064219A1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
| KR20090110832A (en) | 2009-10-22 |
| US20130305882A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU2004238885B2 (en) | Method for utilizing slag | |
| US20130305882A1 (en) | Titanium-containing molded body | |
| RU2226220C2 (en) | Steelmaking slag reprocessing method | |
| Holtzer et al. | The recycling of materials containing iron and zinc in the OxyCup process | |
| Drissen et al. | Recent development in slag treatment and dust recycling | |
| JP4350711B2 (en) | Industrial waste melting process | |
| JP5297077B2 (en) | Method for producing ferromolybdenum | |
| US5405429A (en) | Method for treatment and conversion of refuse incineration residues into environmentally acceptable and reusable material, especially for construction purposes | |
| RU2399680C2 (en) | Procedure for metallisation of titanium-magnesium concentrates at production of iron pellets and titanium-vanadium slag | |
| DE102007055751A1 (en) | Process to form titanium pellets for admixture to iron smelt | |
| JP5341849B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of recycled slag | |
| KR102282018B1 (en) | Composite deoxidizer for steel making and cast steel and manufacturing method | |
| Tang et al. | Novel concept of recycling sludge and dust to BOF converter through dispersed in-situ phase induced by composite ball explosive reaction | |
| Yadav et al. | Solid Wastes Recyling through Sinter-Status at Tata Steel | |
| CZ297694B6 (en) | Ingredient scrap briquette and process for producing thereof | |
| SK283194B6 (en) | Method of producing pig iron, alloys of ferrous metal and/ or non-ferrous metal with synthetic blast furnace slag from residues of incinerated waste and steelworks slag | |
| WO2018204773A1 (en) | Cokeless sinter blend compositions | |
| JP3756904B2 (en) | Treatment method of chromium-containing waste | |
| JP4637528B2 (en) | Molten iron making material and method of using the same | |
| RU2716554C1 (en) | Steel melting method in converter | |
| KR100295152B1 (en) | Stabilizing mixture of steelmaking process using metal wastes | |
| RU2194082C2 (en) | Method of preparing agglomeration burden | |
| JPS62205210A (en) | Iron making and steel making method utilizing aluminum slag | |
| Singh et al. | A study on the accretion formation in DRI kilns and possible ways for its reduction | |
| JP5862594B2 (en) | Dust prevention method during hot metal tapping |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20160825 |