Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
  • G03F7/0012—Processes making use of the tackiness of the photolithographic materials, e.g. for mounting; Packaging for photolithographic material; Packages obtained by processing photolithographic materials

Definitions

• the invention pertains to a packaging unit for printing plates, and in particular for photopolymerizable printing plates useful for relief printing.
• Flexographic printing plates are well known for use in relief printing on a variety of substrates and can be prepared from photosensitive printing elements containing a layer of a photosensitive composition, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,323,637 and 4,427,759.
• Photosensitive elements generally have a layer of a photopolymerizable composition interposed between a support and a cover sheet or multilayer cover element.
• the support is a carrier of the photopolymerizable layer and the cover sheet protects the photopolymerizable layer from outside influences.
• photopolymerization of the photosensitive composition occurs in the exposed areas, thereby curing and rendering insoluble the exposed areas of the layer.
• Imagewise exposure can be carried out by exposing the element through an image-bearing phototool, which may be referred to as an analog exposure or process; or, by first exposing the element through an in-situ mask formed digitally with use of laser radiation or ink-jetting adjacent the photopolymerizable layer, which may be referred to as a digital exposure or direct-to-plate process.
• the uncured regions are soluble to solvents used during washout development and/or can melt, soften, or flow upon heating.
• the element is then treated with a suitable solution or with heat to remove unexposed areas (i.e., uncured areas) of the photopolymerizable layer, leaving a relief image suitable for flexographic printing.
• the photosensitive element may also be referred to as a blank printing plate, i.e., a printing plate that has not been exposed or imaged.
• the blank printing plates are delivered to a customer by the printing plate manufacturer, and are then prepared by the customer into a form suitable for printing.
• the customer prepares the printing form as described above by imagewise exposing the blank printing plates and treating the imaged printing plates.
• the packaging container may include rigid boards, for example, high density fibre (HDF) boards, honeycomb bases made of cardboard, multi-layer honeycomb bases, plywood bases and combinations thereof, as an upper and/or lower covering in order to provide more stability to the container.
• HDF high density fibre
• honeycomb bases made of cardboard
• multi-layer honeycomb bases plywood bases and combinations thereof
• a plurality of said packaging containers may in turn be stacked on top of one another when in storage and for transportation.
• the deformation typically occurs in the bottom most blank printing plate in a container or box having more than one plate stacked on top.
• the deformation of blank printing plates is particularly problematic in certain conditions, for example, when a plurality of packaging containers (such as 4 to 12 packaging containers, each containing a stack of blank printing plates) are stacked on top of one another and stored or transported, and/or during extended periods of storage or transportation.
• the deformation is manifested in the photopolymerizable layer which develops a pattern of changing thickness, resulting in the blank printing plate having an appearance similar to an undulating washboard-shaped structure.
• the blank printing plate may exhibit differences in the thickness of the photopolymer layer of up to 50-100 ⁇ m. For quality reasons a difference of about 25 ⁇ m or less is acceptable.
• the middle or central portion of a blank printing plate typically exhibits the washboard deformation, with the edges being affected to a lesser extent.
• initially the bottom-most blank printing plate in a packaging container can become deformed in this way.
• other blank printing plates in a packaging container can also exhibit the deformation.
• Blank printing plates that are in an uppermost packaging container or in upper packaging containers in a stack may exhibit the washboard deformation.
• the blank printing plates in a packaging container having the appropriate number of blank printing plates but is stored and/or transported alone, (that is, not stored or transported as part of a stack of packaging container) may also become deformed.
• the deformation in planar shape has a considerable effect on the quality of the final printing plates and renders the printing plates useless for their original application.
• the present invention relates to a packaging assembly for printing plates that includes a packaging container having a base, and at least one printing plate positioned in the container adjacent the base, wherein an interface having a coefficient of friction of less than 0.30 is disposed between the plate and the base.
• the present invention further relates to a method for packing a printing plate that includes providing a packaging container having a base, positioning at least one printing plate in the container adjacent the base, and disposing an interface having a coefficient of friction of less than 0.30 between the plate and the base.
• the packaging assembly of the present invention eliminates or at least reduces the occurrence of defects having the washboard-like structure in a printing plate or printing plates placed in a packaging container.
• the washboard defect is a deformation of the planarity of blank printing plates which manifests in the photopolymerizable layer as a pattern of changing thickness, of up to 50-100 ⁇ m. Even during extended storage periods of four weeks and more, the printing plates packed in the packaging assembly of the present invention are not noticeably deformed.
• the packaging assembly provides particular advantage in the prevention of the washboard-like defect for a bottom most printing plate, i.e., the plate closest to the bottom of the packaging container, in a stack of more than one plate in the container.
• the packaging assembly can prevent the occurrence of the washboard defect in printing plates even in multiple packaging assemblies each having four or more printing plates, in which the multiple packaging assemblies are stacked on top of one another for extended storage periods and/or during transport.
• the ability of the packaging assembly to prevent the washboard defect in printing plates is all the more surprising since this improvement is observed across a variety of photopolymerizable printing plates having different hardness and different thickness.
• the printing plates for use in the present invention are in particular photopolymerizable printing plates.
• the printing plates are blank printing plates.
• the term “blank printing plate” is understood in this context as a printing plate which has not been subjected to imagewise exposure and treatment. This means that the photopolymerizable layer is present in an unpolymerized or uncured state and is capable of being polymerized by actinic radiation.
• printing plates are uncured printing plates, which may be referred to herein as blank printing plates, printing plates, and even plates.
• the packaging assembly for printing plates of the present invention includes a packaging container having a base, and at least one printing plate positioned in the container adjacent the base, wherein disposed between the plate and the base is an interface having a coefficient of friction of less than 0.30.
• the printing plate arranged adjacent the base i.e., closest the base, may be referred to herein as a bottom printing plate or bottom-most printing plate.
• the packaging container is a box or carton that provides a protective space to hold or contain one or more printing plates for transport and storage generally from time of manufacture to time of use by a customer.
• the packaging container has a rectangular shape to accommodate the planar shape of the printing plates.
• the packaging container is appropriately sized to be at least as large as the planar dimensions (width and length) of the particular printing plates contained therein, and of sufficient height to accommodate the number of plates having a particular thickness that are held in the container.
• the packaging container can have planar dimensions larger than the planar dimensions of the printing plates, in which case filler materials, such as cardboard or foam, may be placed in the open space between the container and the plates.
• packaging containers can contain 1 to 50 or more printing plates, and typically contain between 4 to 50 printing plates.
• the packaging container includes a base, side walls connected to the base on a perimeter of the base, and optionally, a cover or lid.
• the base includes an interior surface above which the one or more plates, the interface, and optional other layers are located in ordered embodiments according to the present invention.
• the walls are perpendicular to the base and have sufficient height to encompass the one or more printing plates that are a stacked within the container.
• the cover is separate from the base and walls of the container and can be positioned to close the container by covering a printing plate on top of the stack and optionally the side walls.
• the cover is integral with one side wall and can be positioned to close the container by folding the cover over the topmost printing plate, and optionally the side walls.
• the packaging container is not limited to these two embodiments as other embodiments of the packaging container can be contemplated by those of ordinary skill in the art.
• the packaging container can include one or more materials in each of the base, side walls, and optional cover.
• Materials suitable for use in the packaging container include but are not limited to, card stock (which may be referred to as card), cardboard, wood, plywood, wood composites or similar materials, wood laminates or similar materials, and fibre boards or similar materials.
• Fibre boards can be high density fibre board (HDF) and medium density fibre boards (MDF) or similar materials.
• the materials may be uncoated or coated with one or more layers of protective materials, strengthening materials and/or materials for aesthetic or identifying purposes.
• the base may be reinforced with, for example, honeycomb construction, and/or can be strengthened by one or more packaging components arranged inside.
• the interior surface of the base is a covering of cardstock or paper.
• the interface is integral to the packaging container, boxes or containers for use as the packaging container for printing plates are conventional in the art and can be supplied from most any manufacturer of packaging boxes.
• the packaging assembly may optionally include one or more intermediate layers interspersed with the one or more blank printing plates.
• an intermediate layer may be inserted or placed between each adjacent blank printing plate in a stack of plates.
• the packaging assembly may include an intermediate layer arranged between the cover and a printing plate at the top of the stack, which can be used alone or in addition to the optional intermediate layers between the plates.
• the packaging assembly may include an intermediate layer arranged between the base and the bottom printing plate, which can be used alone or in addition to the optional intermediate layers between the plates.
• the intermediate layer between the base and bottom printing plate can be the same or different than the optional intermediate layer/s between the plates. Examples of a suitable intermediate layer include, but are not limited to, foam sheets, and polystyrene sheets.
• the foam can be open-celled or close-celled foam.
• Materials suitable for use as the foam sheet are not limited, and can include, for example, polyolefin foam, such as polyethylene foam.
• the intermediate layer has a thickness that can range in some embodiments from 0.5 to 5 mm, and in other embodiments from 1 to 3 mm. In a packaging assembly the type and thickness of the intermediate layer between the printing plates can be the same or different than the type and thickness of the intermediate layer between the bottom plate and the base.
• the packaging assembly is a singular packaging container containing one or more printing plates.
• the packaging assembly includes at least two printing plates in the packaging container.
• the packaging assembly includes four or more printing plates in the packaging container.
• the packaging assembly includes 5 to 20 printing plates in the packaging container.
• two or more packaging assemblies i.e., a multiplicity of packaging assemblies may be grouped together and placed on top of another as a stack or as multiple stacks on a transport pallet. As such, boards made of wood, plywood, wood composites, laminates, and fibres may be arranged both between the stacked packaging containers and between a packaging container and the transport pallet.
• the present invention includes an interface having a coefficient of friction less than 0.30 disposed between the base of the packaging container and a printing plate positioned in the container adjacent the base.
• the presence of the interface having the coefficient of friction less than 0.30 provides a surface that allows the at least one plate adjacent the base to float or shift freely within the packaging container.
• the interface having the coefficient of friction less than 0.30 is capable of interrupting contact between the base and the printing plate such that the printing plate/s is not influenced by movement of the base during storage and transport, or alterations of the base that can occur from stacking of multiple packaging assemblies.
• the interface thus uncouples the printing plate from the base of the packaging container so that the photopolymerizable layer of the printing plate maintains its planar uniformity and is not influenced by the stresses induced in the base of the packaging container to create non-uniform washboard-like defect.
• the interface can be incorporated into the packaging assembly as a separate component referred to herein as a carrier, or can be integrated into the packaging container.
• the carrier has a form that is sheet-like or planar and is disposed between the bottom-most printing plate and the base.
• the printing plate of the at least one printing plate is the bottom printing plate, i.e., the printing plate closest to the base.
• the carrier may be in direct contact with at least the printing plate or the base, but need not contact both the plate and the base.
• the planar surface of the carrier is contiguous with the printing plate. In other embodiments, the planar surface of the carrier is contiguous with the base of the container. In other embodiments, the planar surface of the carrier is contiguous with the intermediate layer.
• the carrier can be adjacent or in contact with the intermediate layer.
• the carrier may be disposed between the printing plate and the intermediate layer, which is arranged on the base; or, the carrier may be disposed between the base and the intermediate layer, and the printing plate is arranged on top of the intermediate layer.
• the intermediate layer that is between the bottom printing plate and the base and has a thickness between 1 to 3 mm, is thin enough to compress under the at least one printing plate, so that the interface with the coefficient of friction will allow the at least one plate (adjacent the base) to maintain its planar uniformity and is not influenced by the stresses in the packaging container to create non-uniform washboard-like defect.
• the carrier has a planar surface that provides the packaging assembly with the interface having a coefficient of friction less than 0.30.
• the planar surface of the carrier that provides the interface is in direct contact with the base, or with the support side of the printing plate, or with the coversheet side of the printing plate.
• the planar surface of the carrier that provides the interface is in direct contact with the intermediate layer and can provide the advantage of a reduction or preventing washboard-like defect in printing plates, even though the interface is not in direct contact with the base or the printing plate.
• the carrier may be formed of a material that inherently provides the coefficient of friction of less than 0.30.
• a material suitable for forming the carrier that inherently has the necessary coefficient of friction is a non-stick material (i.e., material having anti-adhesion properties) which includes, but is not limited to, fluoropolymers.
• the non-stick material should be capable of forming a self-supporting film or sheet.
• the carrier may be prepared from a foil-like member that is modified in such a way that the modified foil-like member has the necessary coefficient of friction.
• Materials suitable for use as the foil-like member which can be modified include, but are not limited to, papers, metals, and polymeric films.
• suitable polymeric films include polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, and polybutylene terephthalate; polyolefins, such as polyethylenes; polypropylenes; polyurethanes; polyamides; polystyrenes; polycarbonates; and combinations thereof.
• the foil-like member may also be formed from blends or mixtures of two or more polymers.
• the foil-like member has two planar surfaces in which one or both planar surfaces can be modified with one or more layers of a low-friction material that will provide the necessary coefficient of friction for use as the carrier.
• the foil-like member can be modified with treatment or by application of the low-friction material by any method suitable. In most instances, the low-friction material is applied as a coating to the foil-like member: unilaterally, coated on one planar surface; or, bilaterally, coated on both planar surfaces of the foil-like member.
• the low-friction materials include, but are not limited to, silicone or silicone-containing materials, fluorinated polymers, fluorinated polymers copolymerized with other polymers, and blends and mixtures thereof.
• a suitable fluorinated polymer is a fluorinated polyolefin, such as, polytetrafluoroethylene.
• Preferred carriers are foil-like members having at least one planar surface coating of a low-friction material.
• Particularly preferred carriers are polyester films having a coating of a silicone material, a silicone-containing material, or a fluorinated polymer.
• the carrier has a thickness that is not particularly limited.
• the carrier to be used in accordance with the invention has a thickness between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, and preferably between 0.125 mm and 0.25 mm.
• the carrier has a planar size (i.e., width and length) that is at least the same as the planar dimensions of the at least one printing plate in the packaging container. It is preferred that the carrier have a smooth, scratch-free surface, particularly as the interface surface.
• the interface is associated with at least one component of the container, to provide the interface with a coefficient of friction of less than 0.30.
• the interface is associated with at least the base of the container.
• the interior surface of the base of the container can be coated with a low-friction material.
• the base of the container can include as its interior surface a layer that is formed of a material that either inherently provides the desired coefficient of friction, or is modified in such a way that the modified layer has the desired coefficient of friction.
• the interior surface with the modified layer would be oriented to face the printing plate or other intermediate layers.
• the layer could be formed as a unit with the base and/or the other components of the packaging container.
• the layer could be secured to the base as the interior surface of the container with a bonding or adhesive materials, or by joining methods, such as lamination.
• the base of the container (and optionally the walls) can be formed from a material that inherently provides the desired coefficient of friction or can be formed of a composite of materials that includes a low-friction material. In either case the resulting interior surface of the base should provide the desired coefficient of friction as the interface. In some instances, it may be necessary to reinforce the base of the packaging container.
• the materials suitable as the low friction materials as described above relative to the carrier embodiments are also suitable for use as the coating of low-friction material on the base in the present integrated component embodiments.
• the materials suitable as the carrier including the foil-like member and low-friction modification materials as described above relative to the carrier embodiments are also suitable for use as the layer in the present integrated component embodiments.
• the interface integrated into the base of the packaging container can be in direct contact with at least one printing plate, or can contact the intermediate foam layer.
• the interface provides a surface between the base and the printing plate with the coefficient of friction of less than 0.30, that is, a coefficient of friction between 0 and 0.30. Interfaces having coefficient of friction less than 0.30 represent materials that slide relatively easily, i.e., interface having low friction.
• the interface provides a surface with the coefficient of friction between 0 and 0.25. In other embodiments, the interface provides a surface with the coefficient of friction between 0 and 0.2. In yet other embodiments, the interface provides a surface with the coefficient of friction between 0.04 and 0.25.
• the coefficient of friction as used herein is a coefficient of static friction.
• the coefficient of friction may also be referred to as the coefficient of static friction.
• the coefficient of static friction is a dimensionless scalar value that characterizes the static friction at an interface between two bodies, including at an interface between two bodies made of the same material.
• the static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s or coefficient of static friction) between two solid surfaces is defined as the ratio of the tangential force required to produce sliding divided by the normal force between the surfaces. If a body rests on an incline plane the body is prevented from sliding down the plane because of frictional resistance. If the angle of the incline plane is increased, there will be an angle at which the body begins to slide down the plane. This is the angle of repose and the tangent of this angle is the same as the coefficient of static friction.
• the preferred method to determine an accurate coefficient of static friction between two materials is to conduct experiments.
• the coefficient of static friction is determined according to the following test method.
• the test method to measure the coefficient of (static) friction was developed to evaluate materials for use as the interface in the packaging assembly of the present invention.
• the coefficient of friction of the carrier or integrated component is determined according to the following test method and is performed in a room having between 40-60% relative humidity and at a temperature between 15 to 18° C.
• a wooden board, 20 mm thick and 920 mm long, is used as an incline plane for the test.
• the interface material to be evaluated for its coefficient of static friction is attached with adhesive tape to cover one side of the wooden board and a side of a 200 g calibration weight that faces the board.
• the calibration weight is placed on the board so that the surfaces of the board and calibration weight that have the interface material are in contact.
• One end of the wooden board is lifted via a manually-operated hydraulic lift device to a height at which the calibration weight on the board begins to move (down the incline plane of the board).
• the end of the board is lifted at a continuous rate.
• the rate at which the end of the board can be lifted is not particularly critical. However, the slower rate of lifting the board, the easier it is to detect the movement of the weight on the board, and the more accurate and/or reproducible the measurement of the height of the board.
• a suitable rate of lifting the board is between 1 to 3 cm/minute, and preferably about 2 cm/minute.
• the vertical height of the end of the board that was lifted is measured in millimeters (or according to the same unit used to measure the length of the board).
• the test can be conducted several times, and the height measurements averaged for calculation of the coefficient of friction.
• An angle of inclination is an angle created between the horizontal position of the board (prior to lifting) and the inclined position of the board (at the measured height).
• the tangent of the angle of inclination corresponds to the coefficient of static friction.
• the coefficient of static friction is determined via known basic trigonometry, based on the measured height (h) and the known length of the board (l). Since the height (h) divided by the length (l) equals the sine of the angle alpha, angle alpha can be calculated. Since angle alpha is known, the tangent of angle alpha can then be calculated to determine the coefficient of static friction.
• the accuracy of the measurement method for the coefficient of static friction is about ⁇ 0.02.
• the coefficient of static friction of a commercially-available coated polyester film (MYLAR® polyethylene terephthalate, type 100A, from DuPont Teijin Films) was measured to be 0.35. This is consistent with the coefficient of static friction of the MYLAR® 100A that is reported by the manufacturer (and measured according to ASTM 1894) as 0.36. (The above described test method for determining the coefficient of static friction is preferred, even if the coefficient of static friction can be conducted according to standard ASTM D1894.)
• a packaging assembly there are several possible embodiments of a packaging assembly, and in particular, several possible sequences of plates and layers that can be assembled in the packaging container.
• One series of embodiments includes the interface in the form of a carrier disposed in a packaging container, the carrier being formed of a material having a coefficient of friction less than 0.30.
• the printing plate encompasses stacks of one or more printing plates, and optionally including an intermediate layer between the plates.
• the intermediate layer is, for example, a layer of a foam material.
• Embodiment Sequence 1A base/carrier/printing plate.
• 1B base/intermediate layer/carrier/printing plate.
• 1C base/carrier/intermediate layer/printing plate. In some instances, embodiment 1C is preferred.
• Another series of embodiments includes the interface in the form of a carrier disposed in a packaging container, the carrier including a side having a coating of a material that provides the coefficient of friction less than 0.30.
• Embodiment Sequence 2A base/carrier with coated side facing the base/ printing plate.
• 2B base/carrier with coated side facing the printing plate/ printing plate.
• 2C base/intermediate layer/carrier with coated side facing the intermediate layer/printing plate.
• 2D base/intermediate layer/carrier with coated side facing the base/printing plate.
• 2E base/carrier with coated side facing the base/ intermediate layer/printing plate.
• 2F base/carrier with coated side facing the intermediate layer/intermediate layer/printing plate. In some instances, embodiments 2E and 2F are preferred.
• Yet another series of embodiments includes the interface that is integrated with the packaging container to provide the coefficient of friction less than 0.30.
• the interface can be a coating on the interior surface of the base, or can be a layer on the base forming the interior surface, or base can integrally formed to provide the interior surface with the desired coefficient of friction.
• Embodiment Sequence 3A base with interior surface with coating of low friction material/printing plate.
• 3B base with interior surface with coating of low friction material/intermediate layer/printing plate.
• 3C base having a layer of a carrier forming the interior surface/printing plate.
• 3D base having a layer of a carrier forming the interior surface/intermediate layer/printing plate.
• 3E base having a layer of a foil-like member with a modified low-friction surface forming the interior surface/printing plate.
• 3F base having a layer of a foil-like member with a modified low-friction surface forming the interior surface/intermediate layer/printing plate.
• the packaging assembly of the present invention is particularly suited for use with photopolymerizable printing plates, and applicable across a variety of printing plates of different thickness and different hardness.
• the present packaging assembly is advantageous for any printing plate having a thickness of its photopolymerizable layer between about 0.6 and 7 mm.
• the present packaging assembly is advantageous for any printing plate having a Shore A hardness between about 12 and 55.
• the printing plates of the present invention include at least a support and a photopolymerizable layer, and optionally one or more additional layers.
• the printing plate may also be referred to herein as a blank printing plate, or a photosensitive element.
• the photopolymerizable layer is a solid elastomeric layer of a photosensitive composition where the layer can be selectively cured by actinic radiation.
• the term “photopolymerizable” is intended to encompass systems that are photopolymerizable, photocrosslinkable, or both. Throughout this specification actinic radiation will include ultraviolet radiation and/or visible light.
• the solid layer of the photopolymerizable composition is treated with one or more solutions and/or heat to form a relief suitable for relief printing.
• solid refers to the physical state of the layer which has a definite volume and shape and resists forces that tend to alter its volume or shape.
• the layer of the photopolymerizable composition is solid at room temperature, which is a temperature between about 5° C. and about 30° C.
• a solid layer of the photopolymerizable composition is unpolymerized.
• a solid layer of the photopolymerizable composition is primarily unpolymerized, and may include a thin polymerized layer adjacent the base.
• One embodiment of the photopolymer composition includes a binder, at least one monomer, and at least one photoinitiator or a photoinitiator system.
• the binder is not limited and can be a single polymer or mixture of polymers.
• the binder is an elastomeric binder.
• the binder becomes elastomeric upon exposure to actinic radiation.
• Binders include natural or synthetic polymers of conjugated diolefin hydrocarbons, including polyisoprene, 1,2-polybutadiene, 1,4-polybutadiene, butadiene/acrylonitrile, and diene/styrene thermoplastic-elastomeric block copolymers.
• the binder is an elastomeric block copolymer of an A-B-A type block copolymer, where A represents a non-elastomeric block, and B represents an elastomeric block.
• the non-elastomeric block A can be a vinyl polymer, such as for example, polystyrene.
• the elastomeric block B include polybutadiene and polyisoprene.
• Suitable thermoplastic elastomeric binders of this type include poly(styrene/isoprene/styrene) block copolymers, poly(styrene/butadiene/styrene) block copolymers and mixtures thereof.
• the non-elastomer to elastomer ratio is preferably in the range of from 10:90 to 35:65. It is preferred that the binder be present in an amount of at least 60% by weight of the photosensitive layer.
• Suitable elastomeric photopolymer compositions that may be used include polyurethane elastomers.
• An example of a suitable polyurethane elastomer is the reaction product of (i) an organic diisocyanate, (ii) at least one chain extending agent having at least two free hydrogen groups capable of polymerizing with isocyanate groups and having at least one ethylenically unsaturated addition polymerizable group per molecule, and (iii) an organic polyol with a minimum molecular weight of 500 and at least two free hydrogen containing groups capable of polymerizing with isocyanate groups.
• an organic diisocyanate e.g., 1,3-dioethylenically unsaturated addition polymerizable group per molecule
• an organic polyol with a minimum molecular weight of 500 and at least two free hydrogen containing groups capable of polymerizing with isocyanate groups See U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,556.
• the elastomeric photopolymerizable composition contains at least one compound capable of addition polymerization that is compatible with the binder to the extent that a clear, non-cloudy photosensitive layer is produced.
• the at least one compound capable of addition polymerization may also be referred to as a monomer and can be a single monomer or mixture of monomers.
• Monomers that can be used in the photopolymerizable composition are well known in the art and include, but are not limited to, addition-polymerization ethylenically unsaturated compounds with at least one terminal ethylenic group. Monomers having molecular weight less than about 30,000 and typically less than about 5000 can be appropriately selected by one skilled in the art to provide elastomeric property to the photopolymerizable composition.
• the compound capable of addition polymerization (monomer) is present in an amount of about 5% to about 20%, by weight of the elastomeric composition.
• the photoinitiator can be any single compound or combination of compounds which is sensitive to actinic radiation, generating free radicals which initiate the polymerization of the monomer or monomers without excessive termination. Any of the known classes of photoinitiators may be used. Alternatively, the photoinitiator may be a mixture of compounds, one of which provides the free radicals when caused to do so by a sensitizer activated by radiation. Preferably, the initiator is sensitive to visible or ultraviolet radiation.
• the photopolymerizable layer can contain other additives depending on the final properties desired. Additional additives to the photopolymerizable layer include sensitizers, spectral sensitizing agents, plasticizers, rheology modifiers, thermal polymerization inhibitors, colorants, processing aids, antioxidants, antiozonants, UV absorber and fillers.
• the thickness of the photopolymerizable layer can vary over a wide range depending upon the type of printing plate desired, for example, from about 0.010 inches to about 0.250 inches or greater (about 0.025 cm to about 0.64 cm or greater). In some embodiments, the photopolymerizable layer can range from about 0.020 inch to about 0.067 inch (about 0.05 cm to about 0.17 cm) in thickness. In other embodiments, the photopolymerizable layer can range from about 0.067 inch to about 0.250 inch (about 0.17 cm to about 0.64 cm). In some embodiments, the photopolymerizable printing plate has a Shore A hardness of about 12 to about 55.
• the Shore A hardness as referred to in the present invention is the hardness of the printing plate blank (i.e., unexposed printing plate) and is determined according to standard DIN 53505-A.
• the Shore A hardness of the uncured photopolymerizable printing plate may be measured with or without the support.
• the printing plate blanks have a surface area (of a major planar side of the plate) that is dependent upon the ultimate field of application, e.g., size of image being printed on substrate, the type of substrate being printed, the size of printing cylinder on press, etc.
• the surface area of a printing plate blank can range from about 0.5 to 3 square meter.
• the support can be any material that is conventionally used to prepare flexographic printing plates.
• the support is planar or has a sheet-like form.
• the support is transparent to actinic radiation to accommodate “backflash” exposure through the support.
• suitable support materials include polymeric films such those formed by addition polymers and linear condensation polymers, transparent foams and fabrics. Under certain end-use conditions metals, such as aluminum, may also be used as a support, even though a metal support is not transparent to radiation.
• a preferred support is a polyester film; particularly preferred is polyethylene terephthalate.
• the support typically has a thickness from 0.002 to 0.050 inch (0.0051 to 0.127 cm). In one embodiment, the thickness for the sheet form is 0.003 to 0.016 inch (0.0076 to 0.040 cm).
• the interface having a coefficient of friction less than 0.30 could possibly be integral to the printing plate, e.g., using a low friction material as the support or coating an exterior surface of the support with a low friction material, this embodiment is generally not preferred.
• the use of a low friction material integral with the printing plate support would likely interfere with end-use applications and processes, such as for example, in the mounting of plates with adhesive tape on a printing cylinder.
• the printing plate blank can optionally include an adhesive layer between the support and the photopolymerizable layer; and/or the support can have an adhesion promoting surface, for example by flame-treatment or electron-treatment; and/or the adhesion of the photopolymerizable layer to the support can be enhanced by exposure to actinic radiation through the support.
• the photosensitive element may include one or more additional layers on or adjacent the photopolymerizable layer.
• the one or more additional layers are on a side of the photopolymerizable layer opposite the support.
• Additional layers in the photosensitive element also encompass printing plate blanks that include more than one photopolymerizable layer, and thus can be a bi- or multi-layer construction. Examples of additional layers include, but are not limited to, a release layer, a protective layer, a capping layer, an elastomeric layer, a barrier layer, a wax layer, an actinic-radiation opaque layer, infrared-sensitive layer, and combinations thereof.
• the one or more additional layers can be removable, in whole or in part, during treatment.
• One or more of the additional layers may cover or only partially cover the photosensitive composition layer.
• the additional layers may be opaque or transparent to actinic radiation.
• the one or more additional layers may have one or more functions for the printing plate. It is well within the ordinary skill of those in the art to select and prepare additional layers on or adjacent the photopolymerizable layer according to desired end-use.
• the printing plate optionally comprises a temporary cover sheet on top of the outermost layer of the printing plate.
• cover sheets consist of flexible polymeric films, e.g., polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, or polyesters.
• polyesters are used, especially polyethylene terephthalate.
• the cover sheet is unsubbed, but optionally may be subcoated with a thin silicone layer.
• the coefficient of friction of the carrier was performed in a room having between 40-60% relative humidity and at a temperature between 15 to 18° C.
• the interface material, i.e., carrier, being tested was attached with adhesive tape to cover one side of the wooden board and a side of a 200 g calibration weight that faces the board.
• the calibration weight was placed on the board so that the surfaces of the board and calibration weight that have the interface material are in contact.
• One end of the wooden board was lifted via a Vestergaard 2500 manually-operated hydraulic lift device (Model 115-449T) to a height at which the calibration weight on the board began to move (down the incline plane of the board).
• the vertical height of the end of the board that was lifted was measured, in centimeters.
• the test was conducted six times and the height measurement was averaged and used for the calculation of the coefficient of friction.
• the tangent of the angle of inclination, corresponding to the static coefficient of friction was determined via known basic trigonometry, based on the measured height (h) and the known length of the board (l), where the coefficient of static friction was calculated by first determining the angle alpha, ⁇ , from the equation;
• a packaging assembly according to the invention was prepared with a packaging container, a carrier, intermediate foam layers, and printing plate blanks.
• the packaging container as provided by a conventional supplier, was made of cardboard having a honeycomb base with coated cardboard arranged thereupon and had an inside measurement of approximately 900 ⁇ 1200 mm.
• the carrier was MYLAR® 601 polyester (from DuPont Teijin Films) which is unilaterally silicone-coated (i.e., one planar side of the polyester was coated with silicone), having a layer thickness of 0.125 mm, and a measurement of approximately 900 ⁇ 1200 mm.
• the Mylar® 601 had a coefficient of static friction of 0.19 on the coated side according to the above test method.
• the foam layers used were made of closed-cell polyolefin foam having a thickness of 2 mm.
• the blank printing plate was CYREL® DFH100 photopolymer printing plate (from DuPont). (Type DFH100 plate has a photopolymerizable layer thickness of about 2.45 mm, and a Shore A hardness of the unexposed photopolymerizable layer of 21.)
• the carrier was placed on the base of the container with the silicone coated-side facing away from the base and toward a first foam intermediate layer.
• a first printing plate was placed on top of the first foam layer.
• a foam layer was placed on top of the first printing plate, and seven more plates with a foam layer between each plate were stacked on top. Another foam layer was arranged on the uppermost plate. (Stack included bottom foam layer, eight plates alternating with foam layers, and topped with foam layer.)
• the packaging container was filled-up with layers rectangular of corrugated cardboard, and a lid to the container was placed on top.
• Example 2 As a comparison, another packaging assembly was prepared as described in Example 1A except that the assembly did not include the carrier. Multiple packaging assemblies of the comparative packaging assembly were prepared to provide an equivalent set of 6 stacks, each having 10 packaging assemblies.
• Example 1A and Example 1B All stacks of the packaging assemblies of Example 1A and Example 1B were stored for three weeks in a room in which the room temperature fluctuated between 15 and 25° C., and the relative humidity was between 30 and 75%.
• Example 1A Twenty identical packaging assemblies according the invention were prepared as described in Example 1A, except for the following.
• a high density fibreboard (HDF board) was included on the honeycomb base of the packaging container that had an inside measurement of approximately 1270 by 1651 mm.
• the packaging containers were packed with CYREL® DPC185 blank printing plates (from DuPont).
• the DPC185 plate has a photopolymerizable layer thickness of about 4.64 mm and a Shore A hardness of the unexposed photopolymer layer of approximately 15).
• the packaging assembly included the carrier sheet of Mylar®601 unilaterally silicone-coated polyester.
• Ten of the packaging assemblies according to the invention were prepared and stacked on top of one another.
• Example 2A As a comparison, ten packaging assemblies were prepared and stacked as in Example 2A, except that each of the comparative packaging assemblies did not include the carrier sheet.
• Example 1A Seventy identical packaging assemblies were prepared according to the invention as described in Example 1A, except for the following.
• the carrier made of unilaterally silicone-coated polyester (Mylar 601® (from DuPont Teijin Films), having a coefficient of static friction of 0.19 on the coated side) was first arranged on the base with the coated-side facing the base of the packaging container (and the uncoated side facing the first printing plate).
• the printing plate was CYREL® DFH67 photopolymer printing plate (from DuPont).
• the DFH67 plate has a photopolymerizable layer thickness of approximately 1.6 mm and a Shore A hardness of the unexposed photopolymer layer of approximately 37.
• a foam intermediate layer was place on the uncoated side of the carrier, and a first plate was placed on top of the foam intermediate layer.
• a foam layer was placed on top of the first plate, and seven additional plates alternating with layers of the foam were stacked on top of the first plate. Another foam layer was arranged on the uppermost plate of the stack.
• the packaging container was filled up with layers of rectangular corrugated cardboard. Ten packaging assemblies were placed one on top of another to form a stack, for a total of seven stacks.
• Example 3A As a comparison, ten packaging assemblies were prepared as described in Example 3A) with the difference that a carrier made of uncoated polyester MYLAR® 100A polyester (from DuPont Teijin Films), having a thickness of 0.125 mm was used. (Note that MYLAR® 100A polyester may also be identified as MYLAR® 400A polyester.)
• MYLAR® 100A polyester may also be identified as MYLAR® 400A polyester.
• the uncoated Mylar® 100A was tested according to the above test method to have a coefficient of static friction of about 0.35 (and the manufacturer reported a coefficient of friction of 0.36, as per ASTM 1894 test method).
• the ten equivalent packaging assemblies were placed one on top of one another for a stack.
• Example 3C Furthermore, as another comparative, ten packaging assemblies were prepared as disclosed in Example 3A) with the difference that the carrier made of uncoated polyester Melinex® 506D polyester (from DuPont Teijin Films) having a thickness of 0.125 mm was used.
• the carrier of Example 3C had a coefficient of static friction of approximately 0.35 as per the above test method.
• the ten equivalent packaging containers were stacked on top of one another.
• the bottom-most blank printing plate of each container exhibited a washboard-like structure. This structure was particularly pronounced in the bottom 1 to 7 packaging assemblies of each stack.
• the variation in the thickness of the photopolymerizable layer in this region was more than 50 ⁇ m. This variation in thickness exceeded the acceptable limit for quality-oriented flexographic printing, which is about plus/minus 25 ⁇ m.
• the bottom-most blank printing plate of a packaging assembly had a washboard-like surface.
• the bottom-most blank printing plate of a packaging assembly had a washboard-like surface.
• the washboard effect in the bottom-most plate of a packaging assembly increased in intensity (i.e., got worse) the closer the packaging assembly was to the bottom of the stack of the packaging assemblies.
• the intensity of the washboard effect was based on the degree of non-uniformity of the photopolymerizable thickness and/or the number of “ripples” forming the washboard.
• the bottom-most blank printing plate of each packaging assembly had a washboard-like surface.
• the washboard effect in the bottom-most plate of a packaging assembly increased in intensity (i.e., got worse) the closer the packaging assembly was to the bottom of the stack of the packaging assemblies.
• the intensity of the washboard effect was based on the degree of non-uniformity of the photopolymerizable thickness and/or the number of “ripples” forming the washboard.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
• Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-07-02 US US12/217,289 patent/US20100000898A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2009
  • 2009-06-18 EP EP09163152.3A patent/EP2141543B1/en active Active
  • 2009-07-02 JP JP2009158037A patent/JP5250494B2/ja active Active

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