US20090273572A1 - Touch input device - Google Patents

Touch input device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090273572A1
US20090273572A1 US12/433,513 US43351309A US2009273572A1 US 20090273572 A1 US20090273572 A1 US 20090273572A1 US 43351309 A US43351309 A US 43351309A US 2009273572 A1 US2009273572 A1 US 2009273572A1
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Prior art keywords
electrodes
sub
electrode
array
display
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US12/433,513
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin John Edwards
John Richard Ayres
Nicola BRAMANTE
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Innolux Corp
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TPO Displays Corp
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Priority to US12/433,513 priority Critical patent/US20090273572A1/en
Assigned to TPO DISPLAYS CORP. reassignment TPO DISPLAYS CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AYRES, JOHN RICHARD, BRAMANTE, NICOLA, EDWARDS, MARTIN JOHN
Publication of US20090273572A1 publication Critical patent/US20090273572A1/en
Assigned to CHIMEI INNOLUX CORPORATION reassignment CHIMEI INNOLUX CORPORATION MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TPO DISPLAYS CORP.
Assigned to Innolux Corporation reassignment Innolux Corporation CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHIMEI INNOLUX CORPORATION
Priority to US14/954,818 priority patent/US10042451B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/047—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using sets of wires, e.g. crossed wires

Definitions

  • This invention relates to touch input devices, for example for use in display devices with touch screens.
  • Touch screens are becoming increasingly common in consumer electronics applications where an LCD display is present in a device e.g. mobile phone, PDA or camera. User interaction via a touch screen saves the space required for key inputs and therefore allows a larger display area for a given size of device.
  • the touch screen provides a 2D position sensing function, and it can be used generally as a means of controlling or interacting with devices.
  • sensing the capacitance change induced between orthogonal sets of electrodes, or between a grounded stylus and individual electrodes promises the highest resolution whilst integrating most easily with existing manufacturing processes.
  • the electrodes of a high resolution 2D capacitance sensor are laid out in a matrix pattern of intersecting orthogonal electrodes, indicated as electrodes 10 a and 10 b in FIG. 1 .
  • the electrodes may be formed using two isolated layers of a transparent conducting material such as indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • Sensing circuits which connect to the electrodes are able to detect changes in these capacitances which can then be interpreted to determine the position of the object.
  • position sensors are combined with displays in the form of an overlay providing touch or stylus input.
  • Sensors based on capacitance sensing consist of sets of electrodes which are connected to drive and/or sensing circuits. The location of an object, for example a stylus or a finger, is detected by measuring changes in the capacitances associated with the electrodes and the object.
  • the electrodes are shown as narrow lines, however the outline of the electrodes may be varied depending on the detailed operation of the sensor. For example in order to increase the capacitances between the sense electrodes and the object it may be preferable to use wider electrodes for example as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the electrodes consist of diamond shapes which are joined at their vertices to form horizontal and vertical sense electrodes.
  • the electrodes are in the form of straight electrode lines 20 a , 20 b , with enlarged diamond shaped portions 22 a , 22 b along the lines.
  • the pitch of the diamonds 22 a , 22 b (i.e. the distance between the diamond centres) corresponds to the pitch of the electrode lines of the other array, so that a regular array is defined.
  • the area presented by the electrodes is substantially increased compared to FIG. 1 resulting in higher capacitance values which can be more easily measured.
  • the number of sense electrodes is likely to be lower than the number of rows and columns of pixels within the display but interpolation techniques can be used to determine the position of the object when it lies at intermediate positions between the centres of the sense electrodes.
  • a concern that arises when locating sense electrode structures in the optical path of a matrix display device is that the pattern of the sense electrodes may be visible as a variation of brightness over the surface of the display.
  • a conducting layer of ITO might typically have a transmission of 95%.
  • Brightness variations of only 1% can be seen by the eye particularly when they have a linear or repetitive structure making it likely that under some circumstances the electrode pattern will be visible to the person viewing the display.
  • the presence of the sense electrodes may therefore degrade the quality of the displayed images particularly when moving images are being viewed.
  • a further concern is that when the object to be sensed is significantly smaller than the sense electrode pitch, this will affect the way in which the capacitance values change with the position of the object, making it difficult to uniquely locate the position of the object when it is centred on one of the sense electrodes.
  • FIG. 3 shows in more detail part of the electrode layout and the corresponding cross section is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a line X-X along the centre of one of the electrode rows.
  • the stylus 40 When the stylus 40 is located at the centre of the line X-X as indicated in FIG. 4 (i.e. at the middle of one of the diamonds in the row direction electrodes 30 b , 32 b ), it will have a relatively large effect on the capacitances associated with the row direction sense electrodes 30 b , 32 b (these will be termed B electrodes in the following description) but a much smaller effect on the capacitances associated with the adjacent column electrodes 30 a , 32 a (these will be termed A electrodes in the following description).
  • FIG. 5 shows an estimate of the capacitance between a stylus and the sense electrodes when moving either side of the centre of the line X-X.
  • Curve 50 represents the capacitance between the stylus and the B (row) electrode and the curves 52 and 54 represent the capacitance between the stylus and the two A (column) electrodes to either side.
  • the stylus 40 has a tip diameter of 1 mm and the diamond shapes of the sense electrode arrangements have a side with a length of 4.2 mm (this is dimension L shown in FIG. 3 ).
  • the x-axis shows the position along the line X-X.
  • Position 0 corresponds to the centre of a diamond 32 b (as shown in FIG. 4 ).
  • this position corresponds to the maximum capacitance to the row direction sense electrodes 30 b , 32 b .
  • the capacitance to the row direction sense electrode drops (curve 50 ), but the capacitance one of the column direction sense electrodes increases (curves 52 and 54 ).
  • the way in which the capacitances associated with the sense electrodes vary with the position of the object depends on the dimensions and the shape of the sense electrodes.
  • the electrode shape required to produce the desired sensor characteristics may not be consistent with the pattern required to minimize the visibility of the sense electrodes. Reducing the visibility of the electrodes is particularly important when the sensor is combined with a display device.
  • a display device with touch sensor input comprising an array display pixels or an array of display sub-pixels with groups of sub-pixels together defining respective display pixels, the device comprising: a display layer; and a touch sensor input device over the display layer for enabling a touch input to the device, wherein the touch sensor input device comprises: a first and second array of electrodes, the electrodes in the first array being orthogonal to the electrodes in the second array; and a capacitor sensing arrangement for sensing an electrode capacitance signal which varies in the presence of the touch input, wherein the electrode capacitance signals for groups of the electrodes in each array are combined in order to derive respective individual sense signals, wherein the pitch of the electrodes of the first and second array is the same as a pixel or sub-pixel pitch of the display device.
  • each group of electrodes comprises an adjacent group of electrodes.
  • each sense electrode is effectively an arrangement of electrodes spread over an area using a higher resolution array of electrodes.
  • the high resolution electrodes can thus be considered to be sub-electrodes. Because these sense sub-electrodes have a finer resolution than the resolution being sensed (for example finer than size of the object being detected), there is a more gradual shift in capacitance change from one sense electrode arrangement to the next as the input moves. However, the sense electrode arrangements can still occupy a small area and therefore the effect of the touch sensor device on the output of an underlying display device can be minimised.
  • the touch sensor capacitance signal is stronger when the input position is between sense electrode arrangement positions.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first known arrangement of electrodes for a touch sensor device.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second known arrangement of electrodes for a touch sensor device.
  • FIG. 3 shows a portion of FIG. 2 and is used to explain a problem with the arrangement of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 shows how the input device interacts with the touch sensor device, again to explain a problem with the arrangement of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a graph to explain the problem with the arrangement of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 6 shows one example of known structure for a display device with touch sensor input and to which the invention can be applied.
  • FIG. 7 shows a first arrangement of electrodes for a touch sensor device of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a second arrangement of electrodes for a touch sensor device of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a portion of FIG. 8 and is used to explain the advantage of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows how the input device interacts with the touch sensor device, again to explain the advantage of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph to explain the advantage of the invention.
  • FIG. 12 defines the pitches of the sensor electrodes of the invention.
  • FIG. 13 shows how the pitches of the sensor electrodes of the invention can be matched to a colour filter arrangement.
  • FIG. 14 shows how the capacitance between a stylus and a single sub-electrode varies with the position of the stylus relative to the centre of the sub-electrode.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of a sub-electrode grouping of the invention which is not based on adjacent groups of sub-electrodes.
  • FIG. 16 shows a target profile for the dependence of capacitance on stylus position and the approximation to this characteristic which is achieved using the sub-electrode grouping shown in FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 17 shows how a number of the sub-electrode groups of FIG. 15 can be positioned parallel to one another in order to form a set of sense electrodes.
  • FIG. 18 shows the resulting capacitance verses object position characteristics for the three adjacent sense electrodes of FIG. 17 .
  • the invention provides a touch sensor input device in which capacitive sensing electrodes are arranged as connected groups of electrodes, so that the individual electrodes have smaller pitch than the sensing resolution. This improves the ability to determine uniquely the location of a touch input for all positions.
  • the smaller electrode pitch matches the design of the display, so that visual artefacts caused by the sense electrode structure are reduced.
  • FIG. 6 shows one example of known layer structure for a display device with capacitance touch sensor input and to which the invention can be applied.
  • the display structure is a liquid crystal display comprising a layer of liquid crystal material sandwiched between substrates.
  • the substrates comprise a lower active plate and an upper passive plate.
  • the passive plate for example carries a common electrode.
  • the common electrode is shown as 62 , and is a common ground plane in the form of a transparent conducting layer that is present on the colour filter layer 64 .
  • Below the common electrode 62 is the layer of liquid crystal sitting on the active glass plate, indicated generally as reference 61 .
  • colour filter layer 64 is a combination of a planarising dielectric layer 66 and the Y-sense electrode arrangements 68 for the touch sensor.
  • the layers 62 , 64 , 66 , 68 are, in practice, deposited on the substrate 70 .
  • the top substrate 70 thus functions as the top passive plate for the display device as well as the support structure for the touch sensor device.
  • the X sense electrode arrangements 72 are provided on the opposite side of the substrate 70 to the Y sense electrode arrangements 68 , and a light polarising layer and an anti scratch layer 74 are provided as the top surface. These are conventional layers for LCD touch screens.
  • the stylus or finger that provides the user touch interaction touches the surface of the anti scratch layer and is shown as 76 .
  • FIG. 6 thus shows a display structure with a touch sensor structure on top of the display structure.
  • some components of the display structure are integrated with the touch sensor, such as the glass substrate 70 , light polarizing layer, anti scratch layer 74 and colour filters 64 .
  • the structure does not have separately defined display parts and touch sensor parts.
  • the general display function i.e. modulation or production of light
  • the description and claims should be understood accordingly.
  • FIG. 6 represents just one possible integrated structure. A further level of integration would be to move the X sense electrode arrangements inside the display (i.e. between the substrates). However this would reduce the influence of the stylus on the XY capacitance.
  • FIG. 6 represents the first step towards integrating the touch sensor into the display, but the invention applies equally to designs with a greater level of integration of the touch sensor function with the display function.
  • each sense electrode arrangement is made up of a connected group of four sub-electrodes, although in practice a larger number of sub-electrodes may be used.
  • the connection between the electrodes of the group can be by a physical electrical connection as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 .
  • Sensing electrodes are created by electrically connecting groups of adjacent sub-electrodes at the periphery of the sensing area.
  • the position of an object can be determined by comparing the capacitances associated with the vertical A electrodes 84 a or 84 b in order to determine the horizontal position and by comparing the capacitances associated with the horizontal B electrodes 80 a or 80 b in order to determine the vertical position of the object.
  • FIG. 7 shows individual horizontal (i.e. row) electrodes 80 a in the form of bars, which are connected in groups 82 a .
  • Each individual horizontal electrode can be considered as a sub-electrode, and each group 82 a can be considered as a combined sense electrode arrangement or structure.
  • the individual vertical (i.e. column) electrodes 84 are connected in groups 86 a.
  • FIG. 8 shows individual horizontal (i.e. row) electrodes in the form of bars with diamonds (as shown in FIG. 2 ), which are again connected in groups 82 b , and the individual vertical (i.e. column) electrodes 84 b in the form of bars with diamonds also connected in groups 86 b.
  • FIGS. 9 , 10 and 11 The benefit of the use of sub-electrodes is illustrated by FIGS. 9 , 10 and 11 .
  • FIG. 9 shows an enlarged portion of the arrangement of FIG. 8 , and shows the axis X-X along which stylus movement is modelled.
  • a cross section of the sense electrode structure is illustrated in FIG. 10 , showing the stylus 40 and individual sub-electrodes 80 b , 84 b.
  • FIG. 11 shows how the estimated capacitance between a stylus and the sense electrode arrangements varies with the position of the stylus 40 (as shown in FIG. 10 ) along the line X-X shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the repeat pitch of the sub-electrode pattern is shown in FIG. 12 as P SUB — A in the horizontal direction and P SUB — B in the vertical direction.
  • the pitch of the sub-electrodes is matched to the repeat pitch of the display pixels. This reduces image artefacts, as all pixels are then affected equally.
  • FIG. 13 shows a possible layout for the colour pixels of an active matrix display with a repeat pitch of P RGBH in the horizontal direction and P RGBV in the vertical direction.
  • the colour pixels are arranged as red (R), green (G) and blue (B) columns of pixels.
  • adjacent sub-electrodes are formed into groups.
  • An alternative approach is for the grouping of the sub-electrodes to be changed in order to modify the characteristics of the capacitance sensor, namely how the capacitances which are measured by the sensor vary with the properties of the objects to be sensed such as size and position.
  • a sensor is considered based on measurement of the capacitance between the sense electrodes and the object to be sensed such as a stylus or finger (as opposed to measurement of the capacitance between sense electrodes).
  • the sub-electrodes can be arranged in a grid pattern such as that illustrated in FIG. 1 or 2 .
  • the object for example a grounded conducting stylus
  • the capacitance between the sense electrode and that object increases. This is illustrated in FIG.
  • Adjacent sub-electrodes have a similar variation of capacitance to the stylus with stylus position but offset by a distance corresponding to the separation of the sub-electrodes.
  • Each sense electrode can be formed by electrically connecting a respective group of sub-electrodes as explained above. The variation of capacitance between the sense electrode and the stylus with the position of the stylus relative to the centre of the sense electrode can be then be obtained by summing the contributions to the capacitance from the sub-electrodes within the group.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of a sub-electrode grouping which is not based on adjacent groups of sub-electrodes, but instead takes a set of sub-electrodes so that a desired capacitance function is obtained.
  • the sub-electrodes are numbered in FIG. 15 relative to the centre sub-electrode, with sub-electrodes having a positive index on the right and sub-electrodes having a negative index on the left.
  • the sense electrode which is centred on sub-electrode 0 is formed by connecting sub-electrodes + 3 , ⁇ 3 , + 19 , ⁇ 19 , + 20 , ⁇ 20 , + 22 and ⁇ 22 .
  • the variation of the capacitance between the sense electrode and the stylus depending on the stylus position relative to the centre of sub-electrode 0 is shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the plot 160 indicates the target profile for the dependence of capacitance on stylus position while the plot 162 shows the approximation to this characteristic which is achieved using the sub-electrode grouping shown in FIG. 15 . This shows that by appropriately grouping the sub-electrodes it is possible to substantially modify the characteristics of the sense electrode.
  • FIG. 17 shows how a number of the sub-electrode groups can be positioned parallel to one another in order to form a set of sense electrodes.
  • the pitch of the sense electrodes is equal to 30 times the pitch of the sub-electrodes.
  • the sub-electrodes are much more closely spaced than the sensing resolution.
  • the pitch of the sense electrodes determines the sensing resolution.
  • the sub-electrodes groups overlap with each other. This means that each sense electrode uses sub-electrodes spanning a certain width, and this width is greater than the distance between sense electrodes. This can be seen clearly in FIG. 17 .
  • Sub-electrodes can be used in multiple sense electrodes, by time multiplexing the sub-electrode between different groups or by combining the data from the sub-electrodes to form virtual groups at the signal processing stage. This is discussed further below. These measures mean that a sub-electrode can be part of two different sense electrodes, either because the sub-electrode signals are combined at different times to form the different sense electrode signals, or else because the sense electrode signals are obtained using signal processing (this is discussed further below).
  • FIG. 18 An estimate of the resulting capacitance verses object position characteristics for three adjacent sense electrodes, as illustrated in FIG. 17 , is shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the capacitance profile 180 a , 180 b and 180 c associated with each sense electrode is of the same shape but is shifted in position on the horizontal axis by an amount equal to the sense electrode pitch.
  • the pattern of sub-electrodes which forms a group is symmetrical about its centre.
  • an asymmetrical pattern of sub-electrodes forming a group may be beneficial to vary the pattern of the sub-electrode grouping over the area of the sensor, as an example it may be advantageous to use different sub-electrode group patterns close to the edges of the sensor in order to ensure consistent performance to the edge of the area being sensed where the sense electrode groups might be truncated.
  • sub-electrodes which are not used for sensing the object because they are not included in any of the sense electrode groups. Although they are not used for sensing these sub-electrodes can still be present in order to reduce the visibility of the sense electrodes by producing a electrode pattern which is uniform over the areas of the sensor. These sub-electrodes can be considered to be dummy electrodes.
  • the unused sub-electrodes should however be electrically treated in such a way as to minimise any interference or degradation of the measurements made on the sub-electrodes which are being used for sensing. In most circumstances, this means that the unused sub-electrodes should be connected to a low impedance, for example they could be connected to ground.
  • the sub-electrodes which form a group in a virtual manner to form virtual sense electrodes.
  • data would be obtained from individual sub-electrodes or small groups of sub-electrodes (groups containing a smaller number of sub-electrodes than the number required to form the sense electrode) and this data would be combined in a signal processing operation to derive a signal representing the data that would be obtained from the full group of sub-electrodes.
  • signals for a group of sub-electrodes are combined to form a sense electrode signal, and this combination can be by physical connection or by signal processing.
  • the device may be arranged so that not all electrodes of a group are physically connected together, and the combination of electrode signals is at least in part implemented by signal processing.
  • the measurements of the capacitances associated with the sub-electrodes or sub-electrode groups are preferably made simultaneously as this reduces the overall measurement time. Alternatively, the measurements may be made in a time sequential manner.
  • the capacitance sensing arrangement has not been described in detail, as an existing conventional arrangement can be used.
  • the capacitor sensing arrangement is for sensing either a capacitance between pairs of electrodes, with one electrode of each sensed pair being from each electrode array, or for sensing a capacitance between an electrode and a grounded stylus.
  • the invention is applicable to capacitance measurement touch sensor input devices based on capacitance sensing, particularly for matrix displays, such as AMLCDs or AMOLEDs.
  • the electrode pitch is preferably the same as the sub-pixel pitch (i.e. the pitch of the R, G, B sub-pixels). However, it may be the same as the overall pixel pitch, as there will still be a uniform affect on each pixel. Of course, some displays may not have sub pixels, for example colour sequential displays may use the same pixels for different colours in a time sequential manner.
  • the groups of electrodes used to form a sense line may extend across a large number of sub-electrodes, for example at least 3, 5 or even 8 sub-electrode lines each side of a central sub-electrode line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
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US14/954,818 US10042451B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2015-11-30 Touch display device comprising sense electrode with sub-electrodes extending along a first direction defining a pitch between sub-electrodes

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US12591708P 2008-04-30 2008-04-30
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