US20090110483A1 - Paving Stones, Method for Laying Pavement with Same and Method for Producing Same - Google Patents

Paving Stones, Method for Laying Pavement with Same and Method for Producing Same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20090110483A1
US20090110483A1 US11/922,402 US92240206A US2009110483A1 US 20090110483 A1 US20090110483 A1 US 20090110483A1 US 92240206 A US92240206 A US 92240206A US 2009110483 A1 US2009110483 A1 US 2009110483A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
paving stones
stone
stones
recesses
carriers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/922,402
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Guido L. P. Van Camp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20090110483A1 publication Critical patent/US20090110483A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/001—Pavings made of prefabricated single units on prefabricated supporting structures or prefabricated foundation elements except coverings made of layers of similar elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a set of paving stones, a method for laying a pavement with these paving stones and a method for producing these paving stones.
  • Natural hewn stones such as for example cobblestones and the like, have irregular, rough surfaces as a result of the fact that they were hewn out of rocks in quarries.
  • the dimensions of the stones are also not uniform.
  • the laying of pavements with these stones involves more skill than just placing the stones on the sand bed or foundation bed as is the case with paving stones of uniform dimensions and more even surfaces such as for example cut tiles, concrete tiles or paving stones, brick stones or other stones with fixed dimensions.
  • the worker Upon laying a pavement with natural hewn stones, the worker has to take the variations in thickness and the unevenness of the surfaces into account (see FIG. 1 ), since it is desired that the top surface of the pavement is as flat as possible.
  • laying a pavement with natural hewn stones or irregularly shaped paving stones is a time consuming operation which requires a high degree of craftsmanship.
  • a solution could be to unite the paving stones to a larger prefabricated plate of a uniform size, such as for example described in DE-A-19801378.
  • This has the disadvantage that larger plates of paving stones have to be treated upon laying the pavement, which may be too large and too heavy to manipulate by hand, so that machinery is necessary.
  • Furthermore, such methods are bound to a limited number of stone types, colours and sizes and the size of the plate is fixed, all of which limits the flexibility of application and the possibility to choose and vary stones in the pavement.
  • a “pavement” is intended to mean the durable surface of roads, walkways, driveways, terraces etc.
  • Each stone of a set of paving stones according to the invention has a top side, a bottom side and a plurality of lateral sides which extend from the top side to the bottom side.
  • the top, bottom and lateral sides may each have an even or an uneven surface.
  • the thickness of the stones, measured between parallel tangent planes to the top side and the bottom side, differs to a given extent from one stone to the other, i.e. the stones do not have a uniform thickness.
  • at least one oblong recess is provided in the bottom side of each of the paving stones.
  • This recess extends from one lateral side of the stone to another and has a continuous cross-section, so that it is adapted for accommodating a complementary, regularly shaped carrier onto which the paving stones are to be laid on top of the foundation bed.
  • each oblong recess extends into the bottom side of the stone up to a first distance from the tangent plane to the top side. This first distance is a predetermined distance which is the same for all paving stones of the set.
  • carriers shaped complementary to the oblong recesses in the bottom side of the paving stones, are first placed on top of an evened-out foundation bed, after which the paving stones are placed on top of the carriers.
  • the tangent planes to the top sides of all the stones end up in substantially the same plane.
  • the pavement will be finished by compacting it by means of a compacting device and by filling the joints by means of a suitable filler material.
  • a pavement can be laid at a higher pace with respect to the prior art.
  • the skilled worker had to adjust the position of each stone individually directly after it was laid on the foundation bed by tapping it by mallet into the foundation bed to a given extent to overcome the thickness and by repositioning the stone until the joint with the adjacent stones was acceptable, etc.
  • the variations in thickness are already overcome once the stone is laid and the joint can also immediately be fixed by the carrier, so that the pavement laying pace can be highly enhanced, also because the worker now has both hands available for laying stones. This limits the duration of road blocks and other inconveniences in cities and municipalities, especially since a pavement laid with stones according to the invention is immediately stabilised by the carriers, so that people can be allowed to walk over the newly laid pavement before it is finally finished by compacting and filling the joints.
  • the recess in the bottom side of the stone is an oblong recess extending from one lateral side up to another lateral side
  • oblong carriers can be used which support multiple stones and thus further stabilise the pavement, and that there is still a degree of freedom in the axial direction of the recess so that stones of different lengths (in axial direction of the recess) can be laid randomly and that the width of the joints on either end of the recess can be adapted at will, since the stones can be moved in axial direction of the recesses along the carriers until the optimal position is reached. So the use of the carriers does also not put a bar on the creativity.
  • the paving stones are generally parallelepiped-shaped, meaning that they have two pairs of substantially parallel lateral sides which are substantially perpendicular to the top and bottom sides.
  • two recesses are provided in the bottom side of each stone along one of said pairs of lateral sides of the stone. These two recesses are preferably spaced a predetermined second distance from each other, which is again substantially the same for all paving stones of the set.
  • oblong carriers are used which define rows or columns of paving stones of the pavement, which can simplify the laying of the pavement and thus can further enhance the pace at which the pavement can be laid. The worker can now simply place the carriers for a new row at the second distance from the carriers supporting the previous row of paving stones and then place the paving stones on top of the carriers.
  • the two recesses are open towards the lateral sides of the stones, so that each carrier can be used for supporting two adjacent paving stones.
  • a central portion of the bottom side of the stone which is delimited by the two recesses is on average about in the middle of the stone. This means that the lateral sides of the paving stones protrude substantially always the same distance over the carriers. This can substantially fix the width of the joints between adjacent rows of paving stones, thus avoiding irregularities and thus instabilities in the pavement.
  • each of the recesses in the stone comprises a top side substantially parallel to the tangent plane to the top side of the stone and a lateral side substantially perpendicular to said top side.
  • each of the recesses is adapted for accommodating a parallelepiped-shaped carrier. This enables the use of carriers with a rectangular cross-section such as for example wooden beams, which are widely available and thus cheap. However, this does not preclude the use of other carriers in other materials and with other shapes, such as for example carriers made of metal, stone, a plastic material or for example a recycled plastic and having triangular, trapezoidal, semi-circular, circular, stepped or other cross-sections.
  • the paving stones of the invention can for example be natural hewn stones, such as for example cobblestones, of which most or all sides have uneven surfaces, or any other natural or man-made paving stones known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the invention can for example also be applied for mixing different types of stones with each other, i.e. for example for laying pavements which partly comprise natural stones and partly comprise man-made stones.
  • the method for laying a pavement makes use of one of the above described embodiments of paving stones.
  • the method for laying a pavement comprises the following steps. First, a foundation bed is evened out. Next, regularly shaped carriers are placed on the foundation bed, each of said carriers being complementary to the recesses in the bottom sides of the paving stones. Then, the paving stones are placed on the carriers, such that the carriers engage in the recesses and the tangent planes of the top sides of the paving stones are located substantially in the same plane.
  • the carriers are preferably placed at about a predetermined third distance from each other which corresponds to the distance between two successive recesses in the bottom side of one stone or in the bottom sides of two successive rows of stones, depending on the paving stones which are used.
  • most of the carriers have lengths which span multiple paving stones, so that they support two or more paving stones. This can further enhance the stability of the pavement.
  • the carriers can for example be laid in rows or columns, or in bows, circles or in a fan-shaped pattern, or according to any other pattern known to the person skilled in the art, depending on the desired pattern for the pavement or the general shape of the paving stones.
  • the carriers are preferably parallelepiped-shaped with a rectangular cross-section, but any other geometrical shapes are also possible, such as for example triangular, trapezoidal, semi-circular, circular, stepped or other cross-sections.
  • the carriers have wider sides and narrower sides and are placed on the foundation bed by means of one of the wider sides.
  • the carriers may also be placed on one of the narrower sides, which may for example be useful on a side of the pavement against a wall.
  • the carriers are placed in fixed relationship with respect to each other by means of fixing means, according to a predetermined pattern in which the paving stones are to be laid.
  • the fixing means can for example be formed by screws or nails which anchor the carriers to a foundation or to each other. This embodiment can further enhance the stability of the pavement.
  • the method for laying a pavement according to the invention may further comprise at least one of the following steps: compacting the pavement by means of a compacting device and/or filling joints in between the paving stones of the pavement by means of a filling material. These steps are known in the art and need no further explanation.
  • the method for producing the stones according to the invention preferably comprises the step of creating the recesses by cutting or milling material from the bottom side of each stone. This is a quick and thus advantageous way to create the recesses.
  • This way of creating the recesses can conveniently be automated, so that the paving stones of the invention can be produced on an assembly line.
  • the stones can be placed upside down on a conveyor belt and pass through a cutting/milling machine for creating the recesses. This is convenient since the conveyor belt then corresponds to the tangent plane to the top side of the stones.
  • two recesses are created in the bottom side along one pair of lateral sides of the stone and two further recesses are created in the top side of each stone, along the same pair of lateral sides as where the recesses at the bottom side are located. Then, each stone is divided up into two parts generally along a plane parallel or perpendicular to said tangent plane to the top side of the stone. In this way, two paving stones can be constructed from one block of stone.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plurality of prior art paving stones.
  • FIG. 2 shows how paving stones are adapted according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show how a pavement is laid according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • top, bottom, over, under and the like in the description and the claims are used for descriptive purposes and not necessarily for describing relative positions. The terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and the embodiments of the invention described herein can operate in other orientations than described or illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 1 A number of natural paving stones 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 of generally parallelepiped shape with hewn surfaces are shown, with their top sides substantially in the same plane. As shown, the thickness H of these stones, which is measured between a tangent plane to the top side and a parallel tangent plane to the bottom side, varies from one stone to another to a large extent. The dimensions of the stones 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 are also not uniform.
  • the laying of pavements with these stones involves more skill than just placing the stones on the sand bed or foundation bed as is the case with paving stones of uniform dimensions and more even surfaces such as for example cut tiles, concrete tiles or paving stones, brick stones or other stones with fixed dimensions.
  • the worker Upon laying a pavement with these natural hewn stones, the worker has to take the variations in thickness H and the unevenness of the surfaces into account, since it is desired that the top surface of the pavement is as flat as possible.
  • laying a pavement with these natural hewn stones 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 is a time consuming operation which requires a high degree of craftsmanship.
  • FIG. 2 shows how this problem is tackled according to the invention.
  • an irregularly shaped paving stone 5 is shown before treatment and on the right, an irregularly shaped paving stone 6 is shown after treatment according to the invention.
  • the thickness H of the stone 6 has been laterally reduced to a thickness h by cutting recesses 7 , 8 of average height h 1 into the bottom side 9 of the stone 6 .
  • the top sides 11 , 12 of the recesses 7 , 8 are parallel to the tangent plane to the top side 10 of the stone 6 , so that the reduced thickness h is substantially constant over the full length of the stone.
  • the recesses 7 , 8 furthermore have an average width b 1 and define a central portion 15 on the bottom side 9 of the stone 6 which is delimited by their lateral sides 13 , 14 .
  • the width b 1 of the recesses 7 , 8 is chosen such that variations in the width B of the stone are fully taken up by the recesses 7 , 8 , so that the reduced width b also becomes a substantially constant value over the full length of the stone. Since the recesses 7 , 8 of substantially the same width b 1 extend on either side of the central portion 15 of the bottom side of the stone, the central portion 15 is centred.
  • a foundation bed 16 is evened out, which may for example comprise sand, a mixture of sand and cement, concrete or any other foundation bed known to the person skilled in the art.
  • carriers 17 are placed on the foundation bed 16 at regular distances from each other, such that the central portions 15 of the bottom sides 9 of the stones 6 can be accommodated between them.
  • the stones 6 are placed on the carriers 17 , such that the carriers 17 engage in the recesses 7 , 8 and the top sides 10 of the stones 6 become located in substantially the same plane. In this way, the pavement can be laid quickly by relatively less skilled workers, since irregularities in the dimensions of the stones are immediately overcome and there is no longer a need to locally adapt the foundation bed.
  • the carriers 17 have a rectangular cross-section with dimensions E ⁇ h 2 , preferably E being greater than 2 ⁇ b 1 and h 2 being greater than h 1 , so that the variations in the dimensions of the stones 6 are fully taken up by the carriers 17 , leading to joints 18 of average width e between the stones 6 .
  • the stones 6 are supported both vertically and horizontally, since the lateral sides 13 , 14 of the recesses 7 , 8 lie against the carriers 17 . As a result, rotations or displacements of the stones 6 are prevented.
  • the carriers 17 can be laid in rows or columns, or in bows, circles or in a fan-shaped pattern, or according to any other pattern known to the person skilled in the art, depending on the desired pattern for the pavement or the general shape of the paving stones.
  • the resulting pavement can be finished by compacting it by means of a compacting device and by filling the joints by means of a suitable filler material. It can for example be advantageous to leave the joints between the stones open for evacuation of rain water, or to have a floating pavement of which the stones themselves do not rest on the foundation bed.
  • the carriers 17 may be anchored to the foundation bed 16 or otherwise brought in fixed relationship with each other before laying the stones 6 on top of them.
  • the paving stones 6 shown in FIGS. 2-4 are generally parallelepiped-shaped. However, other shapes are also possible.
  • the recesses 7 , 8 have perpendicular sides 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 so that they are adapted for accommodating parallelepiped-shaped carriers 17 , but they may also be shaped for accommodating carriers with triangular, trapezoidal, semi-circular, circular, stepped or other cross-sections.
  • the paving stones 6 are natural stones with hewn surfaces, but the invention may also be applied to paving stones with even surfaces and/or more regular dimensions, such as for example concrete tiles etc. of which the variation of the dimensions is unsuitably large.
  • the paving stones 6 shown in FIGS. 2-4 have a recess 7 , 8 on either side of the bottom side 9 .
  • a single oblong recess preferably substantially in the middle of the bottom side may also be used, or multiple recesses, not necessarily on the lateral sides of the stones 6 .
  • Recesses may furthermore be applied in directions which cross each other.
  • the carriers 17 may be constructed in wood, stone, metal, a plastic material or any other material known to the person skilled in the art. Preferably, carriers in recycled plastics are used for ecological reasons.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
US11/922,402 2005-06-21 2006-06-21 Paving Stones, Method for Laying Pavement with Same and Method for Producing Same Abandoned US20090110483A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2005/0316 2005-06-21
BE200500316 2005-06-21
PCT/EP2006/063429 WO2006136589A2 (en) 2005-06-21 2006-06-21 Paving stones, method for laying pavement with same and method for producing same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090110483A1 true US20090110483A1 (en) 2009-04-30

Family

ID=36954880

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/922,402 Abandoned US20090110483A1 (en) 2005-06-21 2006-06-21 Paving Stones, Method for Laying Pavement with Same and Method for Producing Same

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US20090110483A1 (da)
EP (1) EP1893811B1 (da)
JP (1) JP5120954B2 (da)
CN (1) CN101228320B (da)
AT (1) ATE420995T1 (da)
DE (1) DE602006004868D1 (da)
DK (1) DK1893811T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2321232T3 (da)
HR (1) HRP20090222T1 (da)
NO (1) NO20080339L (da)
PL (1) PL1893811T3 (da)
PT (1) PT1893811E (da)
RU (1) RU2403333C2 (da)
WO (1) WO2006136589A2 (da)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100260545A1 (en) * 2007-09-10 2010-10-14 Van Camp Guido L P Paving system for mechanically paving with irregular paving stones

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2950906B1 (fr) * 2009-10-02 2014-08-22 Lohr Ind Elements plats prefabriques a assembler en succession lineaire et sensiblement coplanaire
RU2520102C2 (ru) * 2013-04-24 2014-06-20 Александр Тихонович Зиньковский Дорожная плита
CN103590294A (zh) * 2013-11-19 2014-02-19 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 一种不同宽度冰裂纹路面铺贴模板的制作及铺贴方法
IT201900004561A1 (it) 2019-03-27 2020-09-27 Stone Expert Srl Metodo per la realizzazione di un modulo per pavimentazione stradale e modulo di pavimentazione e pavimentazione stradale realizzata mediante detto modulo
CN112209668A (zh) * 2020-10-26 2021-01-12 武汉车都环保再生资源有限公司 一种高强度再生仿石路面砖
JP7333131B1 (ja) * 2023-05-22 2023-08-24 合資会社沖縄関ケ原石材 石材墓

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US123219A (en) * 1872-01-30 Improvement in wood-pavements
US136747A (en) * 1873-03-11 Improvement in stone pavements
US143965A (en) * 1873-10-28 Improvement in pavements
US171619A (en) * 1875-12-28 Improvement in wood pavements
US222025A (en) * 1879-11-25 Improvement in pavements for streets
US311941A (en) * 1885-02-10 Snap-hook
US340893A (en) * 1886-04-27 Street-pavement
US658868A (en) * 1899-02-06 1900-10-02 Henry Rosenbaum Wall, floor, or ceiling for buildings.
US1348959A (en) * 1919-04-04 1920-08-10 Rhodes Albert Taylor Pavement
US1972439A (en) * 1931-07-27 1934-09-04 George L Dresser Building structure and method of making same
US3533335A (en) * 1968-09-30 1970-10-13 Edward H Biddison Contour curb
US5342141A (en) * 1993-03-10 1994-08-30 Close Darrell R Movable surface paving apparatus and method for using the same
US6171015B1 (en) * 1996-07-05 2001-01-09 F. Von Langsdorff Licensing Limited Anchoring of outdoor traffic areas provided with cobblestones or paving stones

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2501947A1 (de) * 1975-01-18 1976-07-22 Osterhage Geh-, fahr- oder rollbahn
JPS5927004A (ja) * 1982-08-02 1984-02-13 越井木材工業株式会社 木煉瓦の張設構造
DE3633914A1 (de) * 1986-09-06 1987-02-19 Mielke Horst Guenter Rasengitterstein zur verbesserten einleitung des regenabflusses in den untergrund
JPH01174404U (da) * 1988-05-23 1989-12-12
JP2633508B2 (ja) * 1995-06-22 1997-07-23 マックストン株式会社 舗石用連鎖ブロック
KR100422613B1 (ko) * 1995-10-12 2004-06-24 다이세이 로텍크 가부시키가이샤 블록포장의구축방법
CN2334792Y (zh) * 1997-12-23 1999-08-25 万滨春 连锁块状路面
SK286769B6 (sk) * 1998-08-17 2009-05-07 Rolf Scheiwiller Dlaždica
JP3007076B1 (ja) * 1998-09-03 2000-02-07 マックストン株式会社 施工面敷設ブロック
JP2000230212A (ja) * 1999-02-10 2000-08-22 Nichiryoku Co Ltd 舗装用ブロックおよびその製造法並びに舗装工法
JP3062032U (ja) * 1999-03-10 1999-09-28 東洋石材株式会社 表層用ブロック及び舗装用表層ブロック体並びにその舗装構造
JP2001049607A (ja) * 1999-08-10 2001-02-20 Hashida Naotaka 表面仕上材
JP3884357B2 (ja) * 2002-09-25 2007-02-21 ジャパンプログレス株式会社 嵌め込み式舗石ブロック装置
CN1560367A (zh) * 2004-02-15 2005-01-05 量 张 一种石块地面的施工方法

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US123219A (en) * 1872-01-30 Improvement in wood-pavements
US136747A (en) * 1873-03-11 Improvement in stone pavements
US143965A (en) * 1873-10-28 Improvement in pavements
US171619A (en) * 1875-12-28 Improvement in wood pavements
US222025A (en) * 1879-11-25 Improvement in pavements for streets
US311941A (en) * 1885-02-10 Snap-hook
US340893A (en) * 1886-04-27 Street-pavement
US658868A (en) * 1899-02-06 1900-10-02 Henry Rosenbaum Wall, floor, or ceiling for buildings.
US1348959A (en) * 1919-04-04 1920-08-10 Rhodes Albert Taylor Pavement
US1972439A (en) * 1931-07-27 1934-09-04 George L Dresser Building structure and method of making same
US3533335A (en) * 1968-09-30 1970-10-13 Edward H Biddison Contour curb
US5342141A (en) * 1993-03-10 1994-08-30 Close Darrell R Movable surface paving apparatus and method for using the same
US6171015B1 (en) * 1996-07-05 2001-01-09 F. Von Langsdorff Licensing Limited Anchoring of outdoor traffic areas provided with cobblestones or paving stones

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100260545A1 (en) * 2007-09-10 2010-10-14 Van Camp Guido L P Paving system for mechanically paving with irregular paving stones

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101228320B (zh) 2011-06-08
RU2008102113A (ru) 2009-07-27
CN101228320A (zh) 2008-07-23
JP2008544123A (ja) 2008-12-04
ATE420995T1 (de) 2009-01-15
NO20080339L (no) 2008-03-18
EP1893811B1 (en) 2009-01-14
ES2321232T3 (es) 2009-06-03
HRP20090222T1 (en) 2009-06-30
DE602006004868D1 (de) 2009-03-05
WO2006136589A2 (en) 2006-12-28
JP5120954B2 (ja) 2013-01-16
DK1893811T3 (da) 2009-05-11
PL1893811T3 (pl) 2009-07-31
PT1893811E (pt) 2009-04-21
EP1893811A2 (en) 2008-03-05
WO2006136589A3 (en) 2007-07-12
RU2403333C2 (ru) 2010-11-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1893811B1 (en) Paving stones, method for laying pavement with same and method for producing same
US5568994A (en) Landscaping block
US9057197B2 (en) Artificial stone
US5588262A (en) Landscaping block system
US20060107610A1 (en) Methods for making composite tiles
US8336274B2 (en) Irregular building units having mating sides
US20120263528A1 (en) Set of artificial flagstones
US20090000233A1 (en) Wall block and apparatus and method for making the same
AU713612B2 (en) Improvements in or relating to tiles and floor surfaces
CN111910495A (zh) 一种小块料留缝铺装面层快速定位工具和安装使用方法
KR101231153B1 (ko) 도로 경계석의 연결고정 구조
AU680146B2 (en) Method of manufacturing a block
KR20120088084A (ko) 도로 경계석의 연결고정 구조
KR200396342Y1 (ko) 경계석 기능을 갖는 포장재
JP3003679U (ja) 合成敷石
JPH0712501U (ja) 天然石敷石
Williams Stone: Types of Wall Construction
JPH04179714A (ja) プラットホーム用ブロックおよびその製造型枠
AU2003266855A1 (en) Methods for making composite tiles

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION