US20080285615A1 - Method for Determining at Least One State Variable of an Electric Arc Furnace, and Electric Arc Furnace - Google Patents

Method for Determining at Least One State Variable of an Electric Arc Furnace, and Electric Arc Furnace Download PDF

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US20080285615A1
US20080285615A1 US11/996,020 US99602006A US2008285615A1 US 20080285615 A1 US20080285615 A1 US 20080285615A1 US 99602006 A US99602006 A US 99602006A US 2008285615 A1 US2008285615 A1 US 2008285615A1
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Prior art keywords
electric arc
arc furnace
borne noise
sensor
electric
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US11/996,020
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Inventor
Dieter Fink
Detlef Gerhard
Thomas Matschullat
Detlef Rieger
Reinhard Sesselmann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority claimed from DE102005034409A external-priority patent/DE102005034409B3/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FINK, DIETER, MATSCHULLAT, THOMAS, SESSELMANN, REINHARD, GERHARD, DETLEF, RIEGER, DETLEF
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FINK, DIETER, MATSCHULLAT, THOMAS, DR., SESSELMANN, REINHARD, GERHARD, DETLEF, RIEGER, DETLEF, DR.
Publication of US20080285615A1 publication Critical patent/US20080285615A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C2005/5288—Measuring or sampling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining at least one state variable of an electric arc furnace with at least one electrode, wherein the energy supplied to the electric arc furnace is determined with the aid of at least one electric sensor.
  • the invention also relates to an electric arc furnace with a furnace casing and with at least one electrode, wherein a current lead is provided for each electrode.
  • an improved determination of state variables of the electric arc furnace can be achieved by a method for determining at least one state variable of an electric arc furnace with at least one electrode, wherein the method comprises the steps of: determining the energy supplied to the electric arc furnace with the aid of at least one electric sensor, measuring structure-borne noise oscillations on the electric arc furnace, and determining the at least one state variable with the aid of a transfer function which is determined by evaluation of the measured structure-borne noise oscillations and by evaluation of measured data of the at least one electric sensor.
  • the level of the foamed slag may be determined as the state variable.
  • structure-borne noise oscillations on the electric arc furnace can be measured with the aid of at least one acceleration sensor.
  • structure-borne noise oscillations which emanate from at least one arc of the at least one electrode of the electric arc furnace can be measured.
  • the transfer function can be determined from an excitation signal and from an output signal, the excitation signal being determined by evaluating measured data of the at least one electric sensor, and the output signal being determined by evaluating the structure-borne noise oscillations measured on the electric arc furnace.
  • a current signal can be measured with the aid of the at least one electric sensor and is used to form the excitation signal.
  • the excitation signal can be formed by squaring the current signal.
  • a voltage signal can be measured with the aid of the at least one electric sensor and is used to form the excitation signal.
  • the excitation signal can be formed by multiplication of the current signal by the voltage signal.
  • the transfer function can be determined by way of a cross-power spectrum.
  • the transfer function can be evaluated at at least one discrete frequency.
  • the at least one discrete frequency may be a multiple of the frequency of the power feed into the arc.
  • the level of the foamed slag can be determined in dependence on the change in the transfer function at the one or more discrete frequencies.
  • a method for controlling an electric arc furnace may comprise the steps of: determining the energy supplied to the electric arc furnace with the aid of at least one electric sensor, measuring structure-borne noise oscillations on the electric arc furnace, determining the at least one state variable with the aid of a transfer function which is determined by evaluation of the measured structure-borne noise oscillations and by evaluation of measured data of the at least one electric sensor, and determining actuating and/or regulating signals for the electric arc furnace with the aid of the at least one specific state variable.
  • actuating and/or regulating signals can be emitted to a feeding device of the electric arc furnace.
  • actuating and/or regulating signals that influence the blowing-in of oxygen can be emitted.
  • actuating and/or regulating signals that influence the blowing-in of carbon can be emitted.
  • actuating and/or regulating signals that influence the blowing-in of lime can be emitted.
  • actuating and/or regulating signals for influencing the position of the at least one electrode can be emitted.
  • a neural network may be used for determining the actuating and/or regulating signals.
  • an electric arc furnace may comprise a furnace casing, at least one electrode, a current lead for each electrode, and at least one electric sensor on a current lead and at least one structure-borne noise sensor for sensing structure-borne noise oscillations is provided on the wall of the furnace casing.
  • an electric sensor can be provided for each electrode.
  • the at least one structure-borne noise sensor may be formed as an acceleration sensor.
  • the electric arc furnace may further comprise a structure-borne noise sensor for each electrode.
  • the one or more structure-borne noise sensors may be arranged on a wall of the furnace casing that is opposite the respective electrode.
  • the at least one electric sensor and the at least one structure-borne noise sensor may be coupled with a signal processing device.
  • the electric arc furnace may comprise at least one optical waveguide for coupling the at least one structure-borne noise sensor with the signal processing device.
  • the at least one structure-borne noise sensor may be connected to the optical waveguide by way of at least one signal line and by way of an optical device arranged ahead of the optical waveguide.
  • the at least one signal line can be formed such that it is routed in a protected manner.
  • the signal processing device may be coupled with a regulating device for the electric arc furnace.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an electric arc furnace according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a section through the electric arc furnace.
  • oscillations on the electric arc furnace are measured and the state variable of the electric arc furnace is determined with the aid of a transfer function which is determined by evaluating the measured oscillations and by evaluating measured data of the at least one electric sensor.
  • State variables of the electric arc furnace in particular state variables concerning the content of the electric arc furnace, can be determined according to an embodiment very accurately and reliably while the electric arc furnace is in operation, that is to say can be determined online. This satisfies an important prerequisite for improved automatic process control and regulation of the electric arc furnace.
  • the level of the foamed slag can be advantageously determined as the state variable.
  • Oscillations, i.e. structure-borne noise, on the electric arc furnace can expediently be measured with the aid of at least one acceleration sensor.
  • Oscillations i.e. structure-borne noise, which emanate from an arc of the at least one electrode of the electric arc furnace are advantageously measured.
  • the excitation signal may be formed by multiplication of the current signal by itself, i.e. by squaring.
  • a voltage signal may advantageously be measured with the aid of the at least one electric sensor and used to form the excitation signal. If appropriate, the measurement and/or use of the voltage signal is performed as an alternative or in addition to the measurement and use of the current signal.
  • the excitation signal may advantageously be formed by multiplication of the current signal by the voltage signal.
  • the transfer function may advantageously be determined by way of a cross-power spectrum.
  • the transfer function may preferably be evaluated at at least one discrete frequency.
  • the at least one discrete frequency may advantageously be a multiple of the frequency of the power feed into the arc or into the electric arc furnace.
  • an electric arc furnace comprises a furnace casing and at least one electrode, wherein a current lead is provided for each electrode and, to carry out a method as given above in the various forms it takes, at least one electric sensor is provided on a current lead and at least one structure-borne noise sensor for sensing oscillations is provided on the wall of the furnace casing.
  • An electric sensor may preferably be provided for each electrode.
  • the at least one structure-borne noise sensor may advantageously be formed as an acceleration sensor.
  • a structure-borne noise sensor may preferably be provided for each electrode.
  • the one or more structure-borne noise sensors may advantageously be arranged on a wall of the furnace casing that is opposite the respective electrode.
  • the at least one electric sensor and the at least one structure-borne noise sensor may advantageously be coupled with a signal processing device.
  • At least one optical waveguide may preferably be provided.
  • the at least one structure-borne noise sensor may be connected to the optical waveguide by way of at least one signal line and by way of an optical device arranged ahead of the optical waveguide.
  • the at least one signal line may advantageously be routed in a protected manner.
  • the signal processing device may advantageously be coupled with a regulating device for the electric arc furnace.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric arc furnace with a number of electrodes 3 a , 3 b , 3 c , which are coupled with a current supply device 12 by way of current leads.
  • the current supply device 12 preferably has a furnace transformer.
  • feed materials such as for example scrap and/or steel, possibly with alloying agents and/or admixed materials, are melted in the electric arc furnace.
  • feed materials such as for example scrap and/or steel, possibly with alloying agents and/or admixed materials
  • slag or foamed slag 15 is formed and is made to foam by blowing in a media mixture, as a means of improving the energy introduced by way of an arc 18 (see FIG. 2 ), which forms at the at least one electrode 3 , 3 a , 3 b , 3 c.
  • electric sensors 13 a , 13 b , 13 c are provided on the current leads of the electrodes 3 a , 3 b , 3 c and can be used to measure the current and/or voltage or the energy supplied to the electrodes 3 a , 3 b , 3 c .
  • the electric sensors 13 a , 13 b , 13 c are coupled with a signal processing device 8 , for example by way of signal lines 14 a , 14 b , 14 c for electric measuring signals, formed as cables.
  • structure-borne noise sensors 4 a , 4 b , 4 c Arranged on the wall 2 or on the panels of the furnace casing 1 , i.e. on the outer delimitation of the furnace casing 1 , are structure-borne noise sensors 4 a , 4 b , 4 c for measuring oscillations on the furnace casing 1 .
  • the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c may be arranged such that they are connected indirectly and/or directly to the furnace casing 1 or to the wall 2 of the furnace casing 1 .
  • the sensors for measuring structure-borne noise i.e. the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c , may be arranged on the outer wall of the furnace casing 1 .
  • Structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c may, for example, be arranged at equal intervals around the furnace casing 1 .
  • the structure-borne noise sensors 4 a , 4 b , 4 c do not necessarily have to be arranged on the outer wall of the furnace casing 1 .
  • At least one sensor 4 a , 4 b , 4 c that is assigned to an electrode 3 a , 3 b , 3 c may preferably be arranged at a location at the smallest possible distance from this electrode 3 a , 3 b , 3 c , preferably at a location on the outer wall of the furnace casing 1 .
  • the structure-borne noise is passed through the steel bath 16 and/or through the foamed slag 15 to the furnace casing 1 and can be measured indirectly and or directly on the furnace casing 1 in the form of oscillations.
  • the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c are connected to the signal processing device 8 .
  • the signals that are emitted by the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , and 4 c to the signal processing device 8 are at least partially passed by way of an optical waveguide 7 .
  • Arranged between the optical waveguide 7 and the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c is at least one optical device 6 , which serves for amplifying and/or converting signals of the one or more structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c .
  • Signal lines 5 , 5 a , 5 b , 5 c which carry the signals of the structure-borne noise sensors 4 a , 4 b , 4 c , may be provided in close proximity to the furnace casing 1 , or under some circumstances even directly on the furnace casing 1 .
  • the signal lines 5 , 5 a , 5 b , 5 c are preferably routed such that they are protected from heat, electromagnetic fields, mechanical loading and/or other loads.
  • the electric sensors 13 a , 13 b , 13 c may preferably be connected by way of signal lines 14 a , 14 b , 14 c , which are formed as cables, to the signal processing device 8 .
  • evaluation data are determined from the measuring signals of the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c and from the measuring signals of the electric sensors 13 a , 13 b , 13 c .
  • the evaluation data relate to at least one state variable of the electric arc furnace, the evaluation data preferably relating to the foamed slag 15 (see FIG. 2 ) or its level.
  • the signal processing device 8 emits a state signal 10 , preferably the currently calculated and/or pre-calculated level of the foamed slag 15 , to a regulating device 9 for the electric arc furnace.
  • the state signal 10 at least partially represents the evaluation data.
  • the regulating device 9 determines regulating signals 11 for the electric arc furnace, for example for controlling the blowing-in of media mixture, the introduction of coal, the introduction of oxygen and/or other substances into the electric arc furnace.
  • regulating signals 11 for controlling or regulating the position or the level of the at least one electrode 3 , 3 a , 3 b , 3 c may also be determined.
  • one or more control means for controlling the raising or lowering of the electrodes 3 , 3 a , 3 b , 3 c are provided and coupled with the regulating device 9 .
  • a control computer which is not represented any more specifically and with the aid of which the buildup and level of the foamed slag 15 can be controlled or regulated, may be coupled with the electric arc furnace.
  • the control computer emits actuating signals 11 , in particular to a feeding device of the electric arc furnace.
  • the control computer may include the signal processing device 8 and/or the regulating device 9 .
  • a feeding device of the electric arc furnace may, for example, have a so-called injection lance, with the aid of which carbon, oxygen and/or lime are blown into the electric arc furnace, i.e. into the furnace casing 1 of the electric arc furnace. The substances mentioned above are blown in particular into the foamed slag 15 above the steel bath 16 .
  • the feeding device preferably carbon mixed with air is fed into the foamed slag 15 .
  • the carbon is transformed into carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide, so that foamed slag 15 is produced.
  • the concentration of substances in particular of gases, in the electric arc furnace directly or indirectly or determine such concentrations with the aid of models.
  • the data on the concentration of substances are preferably fed to the control computer or the signal processing device and/or the regulating device 9 .
  • the fed data can be processed and used for determining regulating signals 11 .
  • the electric arc furnace shown in FIG. 1 is formed as a three-phase AC arc furnace.
  • the invention can be applied to arc furnaces of a wide variety of types, for example also to DC furnaces.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a simplified representation an electrode 3 , 3 a , 3 b , 3 c with an arc 18 in an electric arc furnace.
  • a structure-borne noise sensor 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c Arranged on the wall 2 of the furnace casing 1 of the electric arc furnace is a structure-borne noise sensor 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c , which is connected to a signal line 5 , 5 a , 5 b , 5 c , with the aid of which measuring signals can be passed to a signal processing device 8 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the steel bath 16 and the foamed slag 15 in the furnace casing 1 are schematically represented.
  • the level of the foamed slag 15 can be determined in the signal processing device 8 with the aid of a transfer function of the structure-borne noise in the electric arc furnace.
  • the transfer function characterizes the transfer path 17 , schematically indicated in FIG. 2 , of the structure-borne noise from excitation to detection.
  • the excitation of the structure-borne noise takes place by the power feed at the electrodes 3 , 3 a , 3 b , 3 c in the arc 18 .
  • the structure-borne noise i.e. the oscillations caused by the excitation, are transferred through the liquid steel bath 16 and/or through the foamed slag 15 that at least partially covers the steel bath 16 to the wall 2 of the electric arc furnace.
  • a transfer of structure-borne noise may additionally also take place, at least partially, through not yet melted feed material in the electric arc furnace.
  • the detection of the structure-borne noise takes place by structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c , which are arranged on the wall 2 of the furnace casing 1 of the electric arc furnace.
  • the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c pick up oscillations on the walls 2 of the furnace casing 1 .
  • the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c are preferably formed as acceleration sensors.
  • the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c are preferably provided above the foamed slag zone.
  • Structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c are preferably arranged on the opposite sides of the electrodes 3 , 3 a , 3 b , 3 c on the wall 2 of the electric arc furnace.
  • the electric sensors 13 a , 13 b , 13 c sense current and/or voltage signals of the electrodes 3 , 3 a , 3 b , 3 c .
  • Current and/or voltage signals are preferably sensed in a time-resolved manner.
  • the signals of the structure-borne noise sensors are led by way of protected lines 5 , 5 a , 5 b , 5 c into an optical device 6 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the optical device 6 is preferably arranged relatively close to the actual electric arc furnace.
  • the optical device 6 serves for amplifying and converting the signals of the structure-borne noise sensors 4 , 4 a , 4 b , 4 c .
  • the signals are converted into optical signals and are passed by way of an optical waveguide 7 free from interference over comparatively longer distances, for example 50 to 200 m, into a signal processing device 8 .
  • signals are sensed and evaluated.
  • the signals are preferably digitized at an adequately high sampling rate, for example 6000 samples/second.
  • the excitation signals of the electrodes 3 , 3 a , 3 b , 3 c are preferably formed by multiplication of the associated current signals and/or associated voltage signals.
  • the output signals form the structure-borne noise signals. The following applies here to the signals in the time domain:
  • Y(t) denotes a structure-borne noise signal
  • X(t) denotes the power feed in the arc 18
  • h(t) denotes the step response.
  • the variables h(t) and X(t) are linked to one another by a convolution operator.
  • the transfer function H ( ⁇ ) is determined in the frequency domain:
  • x ( ⁇ ) and y ( ⁇ ) are the Fourier transforms of the excitation and output signals.
  • H ( ⁇ ) is calculated by way of the cross-power spectrum:
  • W xy ( ⁇ ) denotes the cross-power spectrum
  • W xx denotes the power spectrum at the input, i.e. on the side of the excitation.
  • the transfer function H( ⁇ ) is only determined at discrete frequencies, the discrete frequencies being multiples (harmonics) of the fundamental frequency of the power supply to the electrodes 3 , 3 a , 3 b , 3 c , since the excitation only takes place by way of the fundamental wave and the harmonic waves of the coupled power.
  • the discrete frequencies are multiples of 100 Hz.
  • the transfer function H( ⁇ ) characterizes the medium in the electric arc furnace. Therefore, the variation of the medium over time, for example the level of the foamed slag 15 , can be determined by the change in the transfer function.
  • the attenuation or amplification of the transfer function values can be used to calculate a resultant value that correlates with the level of the foamed slag 15 . This has been confirmed in measuring experiments with a time resolution of about 1 to 2 seconds.
  • the evaluation in the signal processing device 8 may be adapted with the aid of empirical values from the operation of the electric arc furnace.
  • the signal sensing and evaluation and the slag determination are performed online during operation, so that the state signal that characterizes the slag level in the electric arc furnace can be used for automatically regulating the process.
  • the improved knowledge of the foamed slag process improved by the measuring techniques according to an embodiment, makes improved process control and regulation possible, leading to the following advantages:
  • the invention relates to a method for determining a state variable of an electric arc furnace, in particular for determining the level of the foamed slag 15 in an electric arc furnace, wherein the energy supplied to the electric arc furnace is determined with the aid of at least one electric sensor 13 a , 13 b , 13 c and wherein structure-borne noise in the form of oscillations on the electric arc furnace is measured, the at least one state variable, in particular the level of the foamed slag 15 , being determined with the aid of a transfer function which is determined by evaluating the measured oscillations, i.e. the structure-borne noise, and by evaluating measured data of the at least one electric sensor 13 a , 13 b , 13 c .
  • the state of the level of the foamed slag 15 is in this way reliably detected and monitored over time.
  • the level of the foamed slag 15 is decisive for the effectiveness with which energy is introduced into the electric arc furnace. Moreover, losses through radiation are reduced by covering the arc 18 with the foamed slag 15 .
  • the improved measuring method makes it possible for the level of the foamed slag to be automatically controlled or regulated in a reliable manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US11/996,020 2005-07-22 2006-07-12 Method for Determining at Least One State Variable of an Electric Arc Furnace, and Electric Arc Furnace Abandoned US20080285615A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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DE102005034379.1 2005-07-22
DE102005034409.7 2005-07-22
DE102005034379 2005-07-22
DE102005034409A DE102005034409B3 (de) 2005-07-22 2005-07-22 Verfahren zur Bestimmung mindestens einer Zustandsgröße eines Elektrolichtbogenofens und Elektrolichtbogenofen
PCT/EP2006/064156 WO2007009924A1 (de) 2005-07-22 2006-07-12 Verfahren zur bestimmung mindestens einer zustandsgrösse eines elektrolichtbogenofens und elektrolichtbogenofen

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US20100327888A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2010-12-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for determining the size and shape measure of a solid material in an arc furnace, an arc furnace, a signal processing device and program code and a memory medium
US20110007773A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2011-01-13 Doebbeler Arno Method for operating an arc furnace comprising at least one electrode, regulating and/or control device, machine-readable program code, data carrier and arc furnace for carrying out said method
US20110244412A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2011-10-06 Krueger Klaus Melting furnace
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EP1910763A1 (de) 2008-04-16
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US20100315098A1 (en) 2010-12-16
BRPI0613414A8 (pt) 2016-10-18
CA2615929A1 (en) 2007-01-25
RU2008106778A (ru) 2009-08-27
US9255303B2 (en) 2016-02-09
KR20080022585A (ko) 2008-03-11
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UA87068C2 (uk) 2009-06-10
MX2008000982A (es) 2008-03-27

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