Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
  • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/08—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds containing oxygen or sulfur
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
  • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
  • A01N59/12—Iodine, e.g. iodophors; Compounds thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D275/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,2-thiazole rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
  • C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
  • C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
  • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
  • C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/14—Containing carbon-to-nitrogen double bounds, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
  • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
  • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
  • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
  • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/24—Emulsion properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working

Definitions

• a variety of useful fluids contain one or more 3-isothiazolone and contain a relatively high concentration of one or more alkanolamine. Some 3-isothiazolones are not stable during storage in some of such fluids, and it is desired to also include a stabilizer in the fluid.
• a metalworking fluid concentrate which is a fluid that, after dilution by a factor of at least 10, is useful as a metalworking fluid.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,210,094 discloses metalworking fluids and metalworking fluid concentrates that contain 3-isothiazolones and a sulfur-containing compound.
• a fluid composition is a composition that is liquid from 15° C. to 60° C. or possibly over a broader temperature range.
• a 3-isothiazolone is a compound of the formula
• R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is each independently a hydrogen or a halogen or a substituted or unsubstituted organic radical.
• R 1 and R 2 may or may not be connected to each other to form a ring structure. If any one or more of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 has one or more chlorine atom, the compound is known as a chlorinated 3-isothiazolone. If any one or more of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 has one or more halogen atom, the compound is known as a halogenated 3-isothiazolone.
• R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 have any chlorine atoms
• the compound is known as a non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolone. If none of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 has any halogen atoms, the compound is known as a non-halogenated 3-isothiazolone.
• a non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolone suitable for use in the present invention is, for example, a compound of the above formula, where R 3 is (C 1 -C 18 ) alkyl or (C 3 -C 12 ) cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more of hydroxy, cyano, alkylamino, dialkylamine, arylamino, carboxy, carbalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, cycloalkylamino, carbamoxy, or isothiazolonyl; an unsubstituted (C 2 -C 8 ) alkenyl or alkynyl; a (C 7 -C 10 ) aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more of (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl or (C 1 -C 4 ) alkoxy; or an aryl optionally substituted with one or more of, nitro, (C 1 -
• the fluid composition contains any one of or any mixture of the non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolones defined herein above. It is contemplated that the fluid composition of the present invention contains at least one 3-isothiazolone that has no chlorine atom. In some embodiments, the fluid composition contains no 3-isothiazolone that has a chlorine atom.
• the fluid composition of the present invention contains one or more of 2-methyl-3-isothiazolone, 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone, 1,2-benzisothiazolone, or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the fluid composition contains one or more of 2-methyl-3-isothiazolone or 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone or a mixture thereof. Independently, in some embodiments, the fluid composition contains no halogenated 3-isothiazolones.
• the fluid composition contains no 3-isothiazolone other than 2-methyl-3-isothiazolone, 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone, and 1,2-benzisothiazolone.
• the fluid composition contains no 3-isothiazolone other than 2-methyl-3-isothiazolone and 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone.
• the amount of non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolone may vary widely. It is contemplated that a specific fluid composition, used under specific conditions, will have greater or lesser tendency to form biological growth, and thus a larger or smaller amount of non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolone, which is generally considered to be an effective biocide, will be used.
• the amount of non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolone, by weight based on the weight of fluid composition is 200 ppm or more; or 500 ppm or more, or 900 ppm or more.
• the amount of non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolone, by weight based on the weight of fluid composition is 20,000 ppm or less; or 10,000 ppm or less, or 5,000 ppm or less.
• An alkanol group is a group with the structure HO—R 7 —, wherein R 7 is an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group.
• R 7 may be straight, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof.
• Some suitable alkanol groups are, for example, —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 2 OH,
• alkanol groups include —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OH, and —CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 2 OH.
• An alkanolamine is a compound with the structure
• R 4 an alkanol group
• R 5 and R 6 is each independently a hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted organic radical
• a primary alkanolamine is an alkanolamine in which R 5 and R 6 is each a hydrogen. In some embodiments, a primary alkanolamine is used in which the alkanol group has four or five carbon atoms. In some embodiments, a primary alkanolamine is used in which the alkanol group has four carbon atoms. Independently, some embodiments, a primary alkanolamine is used in which the alkanol group is —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 2 OH, or
• a primary alkanolamine is used in which the alkanol group is —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OH or —CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 2 OH.
• no primary alkanolamine is used that has an alkanol group other than —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OH or —CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 2 OH.
• a tertiary alkanolamine is an alkanolamine in which neither R 5 nor R 6 is a hydrogen.
• R 5 and R 6 may, for example, be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group (straight, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof), a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a combination thereof.
• at least one of R 5 and R 6 is an unsubstituted alkyl group or an alkanol group.
• both of R 5 and R 6 are selected from unsubstituted alkyl groups, alkanol groups, and mixtures thereof.
• no tertiary alkanolamine is used other than those in which both of R 5 and R 6 are selected from unsubstituted alkyl groups, alkanol groups, and mixtures thereof. Independently, in some embodiments, at least one of R 5 and R 6 is an alkanol group.
• R 5 and R 6 are unsubstituted alkyl groups
• some suitable unsubstituted alkyl groups are, for example, C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups that are straight or branched.
• at least one of R 5 and R 6 is a methyl group.
• suitable alkanol groups include, for example, —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, and
• At least one of R 5 and R 6 is —CH 2 CH 2 OH.
• tertiary alkanolamines include, for example, triethanolamine, bis(hydroxyethyl)methylamine (also called N-methyldiethanolamine), 2-dimethylamino-2-methylpropanol, and mixtures thereof.
• the tertiary alkanolamine includes triethanolamine, bis(hydroxyethyl)methylamine, or mixtures thereof.
• no tertiary alkanolamine is used other than triethanolamine or bis(hydroxyethyl)methylamine.
• the fluid compositions of the present invention contain one or more primary alkanolamine in an amount chosen so that the amount of all primary alkanolamines is 0.7% or more by weight, based on the weight of the fluid composition. In some embodiments, the amount of all primary alkanolamines is, by weight based on the weight of the fluid composition, 1.5% or more, or 3% or more.
• the fluid compositions of the present invention contain one or more primary alkanolamine in an amount chosen so that the amount of all primary alkanolamines is 10% or less by weight, based on the weight of the fluid composition. In some embodiments, the amount of all primary alkanolamines is, by weight based on the weight of the fluid composition, 7% or less, or 5% or less.
• the fluid compositions of the present invention contain one or more tertiary alkanolamine in an amount chosen so that the amount of all tertiary alkanolamines is 2% or more by weight, based on the weight of the fluid composition. In some embodiments, the amount of all tertiary alkanolamines is, by weight based on the weight of the fluid composition, 4% or more, or 8% or more.
• the fluid compositions of the present invention contain one or more tertiary alkanolamine in an amount chosen so that the amount of all tertiary alkanolamines is 30% or less by weight, based on the weight of the fluid composition. In some embodiments, the amount of all tertiary alkanolamines is, by weight based on the weight of the fluid composition, 20% or less, or 15% or less.
• the fluid composition of the present invention contains no secondary alkanolamine.
• a secondary alkanolamine is an alkanolamine in which exactly one of R 5 and R 6 is a hydrogen.
• the fluid composition of the present invention contains one or more stabilizer selected from iodine-containing stabilizers, mercaptobenzothiazole, and mixtures thereof.
• Iodine-containing stabilizers are compounds that contain at least one iodine atom per molecule and that are effective at stabilizing non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolones when used in fluid compositions of the present invention.
• Suitable iodine-containing stabilizers include, for example, iodic acid, periodic acid, iodate salts, periodate salts, and iodopropynylbutylcarbamate.
• Iodate salts include, for example, alkali metal salts.
• One suitable iodate salt is potassium iodate.
• Periodate salts include, for example, alkali metal salts.
• One suitable periodate salt is potassium periodate.
• the fluid composition contains one or more iodine-containing stabilizer.
• the fluid composition contains one or more stabilizer selected from iodic acid, iodate salts, periodic acid, periodate salts, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, mercaptobenzothiazole, and mixtures thereof.
• the fluid composition contains one or more stabilizer selected from iodic acid, iodate salts, periodic acid, periodate salts, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, and mixtures thereof.
• the fluid composition contains one or more stabilizer selected from iodic acid, iodate salts, periodic acid, periodate salts, and mixtures thereof.
• the fluid composition contains one or more stabilizer selected from iodic acid, potassium iodate, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, mercaptobenzothiazole, and mixtures thereof.
• the fluid composition contains one or more stabilizer selected from iodic acid, potassium iodate, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, and mixtures thereof.
• the fluid composition contains one or more stabilizer selected from iodic acid, potassium iodate, and mixtures thereof.
• the amount of stabilizer is chosen according to the weight ratio of stabilizer to non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolone. In the practice of the present invention, that weight ratio is from 0.2:1 to 5:1. In some embodiments, that weight ratio is 0.5 or larger, or 0.75 or larger, or 0.9 or larger. Independently, in some embodiments, that weight ratio is 2 or lower, or 1.5 or lower.
• X or larger it is meant that the ratio is Y:1, where Y is equal to or greater than X.
• W or lower it is meant that the ratio is Z:1, where Z is equal to or less than W.
• the fluid composition of the present invention contains no pyridine-N-oxide, pyridine, 2-pyrrolidone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, s-triazine, or dimethyl oxime. In some embodiments, the fluid composition contains no nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds. In some embodiments, the fluid composition contains no nitrogen-containing compounds that are not alkanolamines and that are capable of reversibly forming an adduct with any of the non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolones described herein above.
• the fluid composition of the present invention contains no 2-mercaptopyridine, 4-mercaptopyridine, sodium salt of 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 4-methyl-4-H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 2-methylthiobenzothiazole, 2-thiohydantoin, methylenebisthiocyante, L-cystin, or 4-R(thiazolidene-thione-4-carbonic acid).
• the fluid composition contains no nitrogen-based heterocyclic thiols.
• the fluid composition contains no compounds having a sulfur atom attached to a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring.
• the fluid composition contains no sulfur-containing compound or salt thereof capable of reversibly forming an adduct with any of the non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolones described herein above.
• the fluid composition of the present invention contains no aromatic disulfide.
• the fluid compositions of the present invention may be used for any purpose.
• the fluid compositions optionally diluted and/or optionally mixed with additional ingredients, may form preparations that are useful for any of a wide variety of purposes.
• such preparations are subject to contamination by bacteria, fungi, yeast, or algae, and it is contemplated that non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolone may provide useful biocide properties.
• such preparations may be useful as one or more of metalworking fluid, industrial process water, laundry rinse water, coatings, adhesives, lubricants, process additives, cosmetics, caulks, and personal care products.
• a fluid composition of the present invention further contains one or more metalworking additive.
• Metalworking additives include, for example, fatty acids, surfactants, soluble oils, emulsifiable oils, and mixtures thereof.
• a fluid composition of the present invention contains one or more surfactant, one or more fatty acid, or a mixture thereof.
• a fluid composition of the present invention is suitable as a metalworking fluid concentrate. That is, diluting the fluid composition of the present invention by a factor of at least 10 produces a preparation that is suitable as a metalworking fluid, or in some cases, a preparation that becomes suitable as a metalworking fluid after addition of additional ingredients.
• the fluid composition of the present invention, prior to dilution, is not suitable as a metalworking fluid.
• diluting the fluid composition by a factor of F means mixing the fluid composition with a solvent, where the ratio of weight of solvent to weight of fluid composition is F.
• the fluid composition of the present invention is used to produce a preparation suitable as a metalworking fluid by dilution with an aqueous solvent.
• An aqueous solvent is a solvent that contains 50% or more water by weight, based on the weight of the solvent.
• an aqueous solvent is used that has water, by weight based on the weight of the solvent, of 75% or more, or 90% or more, or 95% or more.
• a preparation suitable as a metalworking fluid is made by diluting a fluid composition of the present invention by a factor of 15 or more.
• a preparation suitable as a metalworking fluid is made by diluting a fluid composition of the present invention by a factor of 50 or less, or 25 or less.
• the non-chlorinated 3-isothiazolones were methylisothiazolone (MIT), octylisothiazolone (OIT) and benzisothiazolone (BIT).
• the primary alkanolamines used were monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), monoisopropanolamine (MIPA), and 2-(2-aminoethoxy)-ethanol (AEE).
• Secondary alkanolamine used was 2-butylaminoethanol (BAE).
• Tertiary alkanolamines were triethanolamine (TEA) and bis(hydroxyethyl)methylamine (BHEMA).
• the formulation used for these tests was prepared in 2 stages. The following amounts were used to prepare 100 grams of the formulation. For stage one, the following was added: distilled water, 2.7 g; tertiary or secondary amine, 10.1 g; primary amine, 2.6 g; boric acid, 2.0 g; CorfreeTM M1, 1.2 g; pelargonic acid, 0.2 g; caprylic acid, 0.2 g; citric acid, 0.1 g; and glycerin, 0.2 g. Each of the above components was added individually and in order with heating (50° C.) and mixing. Each ingredient was allowed to thoroughly dissolve before adding the next component. Heating of the mixture was discontinued after all ingredients were added.
• the following ingredients were added to the stage one mixture: distilled water, 65.7 g; primary amine, 1.0 g; PluronicTM 25R (100% polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer), 10.0 g; caprylic acid, 2.0 g; sodium tolyltriazole-50% solution, 1.0 g; and biocide, 0.3-0.6 g.
• the ingredients were added individually and in the above order at room temperature with mixing. Each ingredient was allowed to thoroughly dissolve before adding the next component.
• this formulation would be suitable as a metalworking fluid if it were diluted with water by a factor of 20.
• Each formulation received an addition of one of the following stabilizers, at a 1:1 ratio to the biocide active ingredient to stabilizer.
• Stabilizers tested were potassium iodate, iodic acid, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate (IPBC) and mercaptobenzothiazole (MBZ).
• IPBC iodopropynylbutylcarbamate
• MZ mercaptobenzothiazole
• a sample without stabilizer served as a control.
• Biocide additions (by weight of active ingredient) to formulations were as follows: 2,000 ppm MIT, 1,000 ppm OIT, and 4,000 ppm BIT.
• the biocides used in this study were KordekTM LX 5000 (50% MIT), KathonTM 893 MW (45% OIT), and RocimaTM BT 2S (19% BIT).
• CorfreeTM M1 is a registered trademark of INVISTA, and is a mixture containing dibasic acids, primarily dodecanedioic acid (38-49%) and undecanedioic acid (31-38%), sebacic acid (5-7%), other dibasic acids (9-19%), other organics (7-11%), nitrogen (0.5%), and water (0.3%).
• PluronicTM is a registered trademark of BASF Corporation.
• Kordek, Kathon, and Rocima are registered trademarks of the Rohm and Haas Company.
• MIT degraded significantly. None of the stabilizers were effective (no increased stability of MIT) with any of the combinations using BAE as the secondary amine. Combinations with TEA or BHEMA as the tertiary amine provided greatly improved stability of the MIT (from 67 to 100% remaining) with one or more of the stabilizers.
• the AMP/BHEMA amine combination (#8) was most effective with no measurable loss of biocide with all stabilizers tested (100% remaining).
• Combinations #3 (MIPA/TEA) and #4 (AMP/TEA) also showed excellent stability with three of the four stabilizers. Overall, iodate and iodic acid demonstrated the best improvement in stability of MIT with 8 amine combinations showing greater than 60% of the biocide remaining. IPBC and MBZ were effective stabilizers with three and one amine combination, respectively.
• BIT showed very good stability without addition of a stabilizer in all of the fluids, with 77-100% of the biocide remaining.
• Several combinations provided improved stability of the BIT using one or more stabilizers, compared to the controls with no stabilizer added.

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