US20080248088A1 - Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof - Google Patents

Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080248088A1
US20080248088A1 US11/604,275 US60427506A US2008248088A1 US 20080248088 A1 US20080248088 A1 US 20080248088A1 US 60427506 A US60427506 A US 60427506A US 2008248088 A1 US2008248088 A1 US 2008248088A1
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product
approximate weight
weight range
agent
activated charcoal
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Michael A. Stang
Danny Ballenger
Albert Minjarez
Jack Bohanan
Mike Baird
Mike Kitchen
Tim August
Rick Quinn
Elaine Ballenger
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Priority to US11/604,275 priority Critical patent/US20080248088A1/en
Publication of US20080248088A1 publication Critical patent/US20080248088A1/en
Priority to US12/827,679 priority patent/US9066857B2/en
Priority to US14/720,302 priority patent/US9427009B2/en
Priority to US15/224,048 priority patent/US20160331780A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/44—Elemental carbon, e.g. charcoal, carbon black
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
    • A21D13/40—Products characterised by the type, form or use
    • A21D13/45—Wafers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
    • A23L27/31—Artificial sweetening agents containing amino acids, nucleotides, peptides or derivatives
    • A23L27/32—Artificial sweetening agents containing amino acids, nucleotides, peptides or derivatives containing dipeptides or derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/30—Dietetic or nutritional methods, e.g. for losing weight
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
    • A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
    • A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/02—Antidotes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2063—Proteins, e.g. gelatin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an edible product containing a decontaminant.
  • the invention relates to an edible product, for example, a food-like product containing an effective amount of activated charcoal to mitigate, substantially reduce or cause the cessation of adverse effects associated with the ingestion of a toxic substance.
  • the invention also relates to methods for manufacturing such a decontaminant edible product, for example, a food-like product and uses thereof.
  • Activated charcoal is a fine, black, powdery substance which is tasteless, odorless, and non-toxic.
  • Activated charcoal is generally formed by oxidation (activation) of combustion residue derived from a controlled process performed on wood, peat, or other organic material producing a substance composed of extremely porous particles with extraordinarily high internal surface area, typically ranging between about 900 m 2 /g and about 2000 m 2 /g.
  • Activated charcoal exhibits great adsorptivity and thus has proven to be quite effective as a decontaminant when introduced in sufficient quantities in a timely manner into the gastrointestinal tract of a poisoning victim.
  • the chief mechanism of action of activated charcoal is by its direct binding with toxins in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • a secondary mechanism, called intestinal dialysis occurs when activated charcoal in the intestine is able to remove toxins from blood within the intestinal blood vessels. Toxins bound to the activated charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract are excreted in the stool.
  • Activated charcoal is currently available in several forms to be orally administered to individuals who have ingested a toxin.
  • activated charcoal is contained in a suspension such as commercially available ACTIDOSE AQUA and CHARCOAID 2000.
  • Activated charcoal is also available extensively in Europe and to a more limited extent in the United States simply in its powdered or granulated form for mixture within a drinkable liquid prior to ingestion.
  • activated charcoal is contained in tablets or capsules for the treatment of gas and upset stomach. Use of these tablets or capsules for decontamination in toxicological treatment however is not readily feasible due to the large number that would be required and the impracticality of administration to children.
  • activated charcoal In whatever form activated charcoal is delivered to the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., suspended in a liquid, compressed within a tablet or capsule), the activated charcoal is likely to have beneficial effects if the necessary amount can be expeditiously delivered to the gastrointestinal tract of the victim.
  • the antidotal substances are extremely unpalatable.
  • Liquid antidotal suspensions of activated charcoal for instance, form a black gritty liquid bearing a striking resemblance to old engine crank case oil, which is off-putting to children and adults alike.
  • Aspiration is the most serious risk of activated charcoal administration and, although rare, can be life-threatening. It usually occurs in the patient who is vomiting, is uncooperative, or has altered mental status and is most often associated with the placement of a nasogastric or orogastric tube in the absence of airway protection.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product that comprises a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of activated charcoal, which is useful in mitigating, substantially reducing, or causing the cessation of at least one adverse effect in a subject that ingested a toxic or poisonous substance or ingested a substance causing illness.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising a plurality of ingredients, which comprises activated charcoal, wherein the ingredients are processed to substantially remove water, for example, by heat to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising activated charcoal and comprising one or more flavoring agents, wherein the ingredients are processed to substantially remove water, for example, by heat to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising activated charcoal and comprising one or more complexing or thickening agents, wherein the ingredients are processed to substantially remove water, for example, by heat to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising activated charcoal and comprising one or more emulsifying agents, wherein the ingredients are processed to substantially remove water, for example, by heat to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising activated charcoal and comprising one or more agents to improve porosity and texture, wherein the ingredients are processed to substantially remove water, for example, by heat to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising activated charcoal and comprising water, wherein the ingredients are processed to substantially remove water, for example, by heat to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising activated charcoal and a plurality of ingredients optionally comprising one or more flavoring agents; optionally comprising one or more complexing or thickening agents; optionally comprising one or more emulsifying agents; water; optionally comprising ammonia, and optionally comprising an agent to improve porosity and texture, wherein the ingredients are processed to substantially remove water, for example, by heat to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising activated charcoal and a plurality of ingredients comprising one or more flavoring agents; one or more complexing or thickening agents; one or more emulsifying agents; water; optionally ammonia, and an agent to improve porosity and texture, wherein the ingredients are processed to substantially remove water, for example, by heat to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses a method of producing an edible, toxin-decontaminant product, which comprises activated charcoal and a plurality of ingredients comprising one or more flavoring agents; one or more complexing or thickening agents; and one or more emulsifying agents; optionally ammonia, adding water to produce a first mixture, for instance, a dough; adding an agent to improve porosity and texture, blending to produce a second mixture; and baking the second mixture to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses a gastrointestinal decontaminant produced by the steps of combining activated charcoal and a plurality of ingredients comprising one or more flavoring agents; one or more complexing or thickening agents; and one or more emulsifying agents; adding water to produce a first mixture, for instance, a dough; adding a porosity or texturing agent, and processing the ingredients to substantially remove water to produce a first product; blending together one or more flavoring agents, lecithin, salt, sugar, and shortening to produce a filling mixture composition; and sandwiching said filling mixture composition between two of said first product.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product that contains a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of activated charcoal and one or more second active agents, which is useful in mitigating, substantially reducing, or causing the cessation of at least one adverse effect in a subject associated with the ingestion of a toxic or poisonous substance or the ingestion of a substance causing illness.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the absorption of concentrated sodium salicylate in simulated gastric acid solution by an activated charcoal edible product containing 2.1 g activated charcoal as compared with ACTIDOSE AQUA containing the same amount of activated charcoal;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the absorption of concentrated sodium salicylate in simulated gastric acid solution by an activated charcoal edible product containing 10 g activated charcoal as compared with ACTIDOSE AQUA containing the same amount of activated charcoal;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the absorption of concentrated sodium salicylate in simulated gastric acid solution by an illustrative activated charcoal edible product of the invention with varying amounts of cream filling;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the absorption of concentrated sodium salicylate in simulated gastric acid solution by illustrative 2.1 activated charcoal edible products of the invention of varying formulations;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the absorption of concentrated sodium salicylate in simulated gastric acid solution by an illustrative activated charcoal edible product of the invention containing 2.1 g activated charcoal;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the absorption of concentrated sodium salicylate in simulated gastric acid solution by illustrative activated charcoal edible product of the invention containing 20 g activated charcoal;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the absorption of concentrated sodium salicylate in simulated gastric acid solution by an illustrative activated charcoal edible product containing 2.1 g activated charcoal as compared with ACTIDOSE AQUA containing the same amount of activated charcoal;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the absorption of concentrated sodium salicylate in simulated gastric acid solution by an illustrative activated charcoal edible product containing 20 g activated charcoal as compared with ACTIDOSE AQUA containing the same amount of activated charcoal.
  • adverse effect(s) refers to any negative effect on a physiological or physical parameter of a subject.
  • adverse effects include, but are not limited to, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, sweating, fever, chills, tremors, or abnormal vital signs, including, but not limited to, for example, increased blood pressure or increased heart rate.
  • the term “baked” or “baking” refer to placing the combined ingredients that compose the edible product in an oven or other chamber at a defined temperature and allowing the ingredients to produce the product, for instance a food product, for a defined amount of time.
  • the temperature at which the ingredients are “baked” or the “baking” refers to the oven temperature and does not mean heating the actual ingredients to this temperature.
  • biohydrolyzable amide As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the terms “biohydrolyzable amide,” “biohydrolyzable ester,” “biohydrolyzable carbamate,” “biohydrolyzable carbonate,” “biohydrolyzable ureide,” “biohydrolyzable phosphate” mean an amide, ester, carbamate, carbonate, ureide, or phosphate, respectively, of a compound that either: 1) does not interfere with the biological activity of the compound but can confer upon that compound advantageous properties in vivo, such as uptake, duration of action, or onset of action; or 2) is biologically inactive but is converted in vivo to the biologically active compound.
  • biohydrolyzable esters include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl esters, lower acyloxyalkyl esters (such as acetoxylmethyl, acetoxyethyl, aminocarbonyloxy-methyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, and pivaloyloxyethyl esters), lactonyl esters (such as phthalidyl and thiophthalidyl esters), lower alkoxyacyloxyalkyl esters (such as methoxycarbonyloxy-methyl, ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl and isopropoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters), alkoxyalkyl esters, choline esters, and acylamino alkyl esters (such as acetamidomethyl esters).
  • lower alkyl esters such as acetoxylmethyl, acetoxyethyl, aminocarbonyloxy-methyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, and pivaloyloxyethy
  • biohydrolyzable amides include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl amides, a amino acid amides, alkoxyacyl amides, and alkylaminoalkyl-carbonyl amides.
  • biohydrolyzable carbamates include, but are not limited to, lower alkylamines, substituted ethylenediamines, aminoacids, hydroxyalkylamines, heterocyclic and heteroaromatic amines, and polyether amines.
  • the term “causing the cessation of adverse effects” advantageous partial or complete conclusion or termination of at least one adverse effect associated with the ingestion of a poison or toxin.
  • the term “causing the cessation of adverse effects” refers to the partial or complete conclusion or termination of more than one adverse effect associated with the ingestion of a poison or toxin.
  • the term “causing the cessation of adverse effects” refers to the partial or complete conclusion or termination of all adverse effects associated with the ingestion of a poison or toxin.
  • coloring agents are agents that give the edible product a more pleasing appearance, and in addition help the manufacturer to control the product during its preparation and help the user to identify the product.
  • Any of the approved certified water-soluble FD&C dyes, mixtures thereof, or their corresponding lakes may be used.
  • a color lake is the combination by adsorption of a water-soluble dye to a hydrous oxide of a heavy metal, resulting in an insoluble form of the dye.
  • coloring agents used outside the food industry for example, pharmaceutical coloring agents, may be used.
  • complexing agent and “thickening agent” are used interchangeably and refer to any substance that increases the viscosity of the product. As used herein, these terms included binding agents or binders. Examples of “complexing agents” and “thickening agents” include, but are not limited to, sodium stearoyl lactylate, modified food starch, Inscosity, and high fructose corn syrup. In other embodiments, agents used outside of the food industry for instance pharmaceutical additives, such as PVP, may be used.
  • the term “dough” refers to a mixture, preferably a thick, soft mixture of one or more materials, preferably dry materials, which may include flour and one or more liquids.
  • the term “edible product” refers to an edible composition of the invention containing a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of activated charcoal and optionally a second active agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, or prodrug thereof.
  • the edible product include, but are not limited to, breads, cakes, muffins, pastries, or cookies containing a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of activated charcoal and optionally a second active agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, or prodrug thereof.
  • the term “effective amount” means an amount of activated charcoal or a second active agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, or prodrug thereof that is sufficient to provide the desired local or systemic effect and performance at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio attending any medical treatment.
  • the term “effective amount” means an amount of activated charcoal or a second active agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, or prodrug thereof that is sufficient to mitigate, substantially reduce or cause the cessation of at least one adverse effect associated with the ingestion of a toxic substance, poisonous substance, or an amount of a substance causing illness.
  • emulsifying agent refers to a substance having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic character that acts to stabilize an emulsion by coating particles of a dispersed phase and preventing coagulation of colloidal particles.
  • agents used outside of the food industry for instance, pharmaceutical additives may be used.
  • examples of “emulsifying agents” include, but are not limited to, monoglycerides and diglycerides. In other embodiments, agents used outside of the food industry for instance pharmaceutical additives may be used.
  • fat replacer refers to a substance that attempts to recreate the attributes of fat, while also significantly reducing fat and calorie content.
  • agents used outside of the food industry, for instance, pharmaceutical additives may be used.
  • gastrointestinal decontaminant and “toxin decontaminant” are used interchangeably and refer to a edible product of the invention containing activated charcoal and optionally a second active agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, or prodrug thereof.
  • herb ingredient(s) refers to naturally occurring herbs including, but not limited to, clover, dandelion, saw palmetto, dill, eucalyptus or ginko.
  • homeopathic ingredient(s) refers to small doses of medicines, herbs, or both that stimulate a bodily function such as the immune system.
  • the term “ingestion” refers to oral consumption.
  • mitigate or “mitigate adverse effects” are used interchangeably and refer to making less severe, intense, harsh, rigorous, painful or ameliorate at least one adverse effect associated with the ingestion of a toxin, poison or substance causing illness in a subject.
  • Neotame refers to (N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-a-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester) (i.e., Neotame®).
  • palatable and “edible” are used interchangeably and refer to the ability of a subject to orally ingest an edible product of the invention.
  • pharmaceutical agent refers to second active agents as set forth in section 5.3 herein.
  • pharmaceutical agents include, but are not limited to, antiemetics, antibiotics, antidiarrheals, or antacids.
  • the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to materials and compositions that are physiologically tolerable and do not typically produce a severe allergic or similar untoward reaction, such as gastric upset, dizziness and the like, when administered to a human.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable clathrate means a crystal lattice that contains spaces (e.g., channels) that have a guest molecule (e.g., a solvent or water) trapped within.
  • the term “pharmaceutically acceptable hydrate” means a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of water bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
  • prodrug means a derivative of a compound can hydrolyze, oxidize, or otherwise react under biological conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide the compound.
  • prodrugs include, but are not limited to, compounds that comprise biohydrolyzable moieties such as biohydrolyzable amides, biohydrolyzable esters, biohydrolyzable carbamates, biohydrolyzable carbonates, biohydrolyzable ureides, and biohydrolyzable phosphate analogues.
  • prodrugs include compounds that comprise oligonucleotides, peptides, lipids, aliphatic and aromatic groups, or NO, NO 2 , ONO, and ONO 2 moieties.
  • Prodrugs can typically be prepared using well known methods, such as those described in Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, 172 178, 949 982 (Manfred E. Wolff ed., 5th ed. 1995), and Design of Prodrugs (H. Bundgaard ed., Elselvier, New York 1985).
  • salts include, but is not limited to, salts of acidic or basic groups.
  • Compounds that are basic in nature are capable of forming a wide variety of salts with various inorganic and organic acids.
  • the acids that may be used to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of such basic compounds are those that form non-toxic acid addition salts, (i.e., salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions), including, but not limited to, sulfuric, citric, maleic, acetic, oxalic, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate, acetate, lactate, salicylate, citrate, acid citrate, tartrate, oleate, tannate, pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate, fumarate, gluconate, glucaronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and
  • Compounds that include an amino moiety may form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with various amino acids, in addition to the acids mentioned above.
  • Compounds that are acidic in nature are capable of forming base salts with various pharmacologically acceptable cations.
  • Examples of such salts include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and, particularly, calcium, magnesium, sodium lithium, zinc, potassium, and iron salts.
  • the term “pharmaceutically acceptable solvate” means a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of a solvent bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
  • Preferred solvents are volatile, non-toxic, and/or acceptable for administration to humans in trace amounts.
  • the terms “poisonous substance,” “poison,” “toxin,” and “toxic substance” are used interchangeably and refer to a chemical that adversely affects health by causing injury, illness, or death. These terms further include, but are not limited to, any substance, which is harmful to living tissue when ingested orally. Determining factors include concentration, exposure time, particle size, the substance's affinity for tissue and sensitivity of the exposed tissue to that substance.
  • poisonous substances include, but are not limited to, cleaning products (e.g., bleach, detergent, floor cleaner, furniture polish); cosmetics (e.g., nail polish, nail polish remover, make-up), perfumes, plants, pesticides (e.g., bug killers, weed killers, lawn products), prescription or non-prescription drugs.
  • cleaning products e.g., bleach, detergent, floor cleaner, furniture polish
  • cosmetics e.g., nail polish, nail polish remover, make-up
  • perfumes e.g., bug killers, weed killers, lawn products
  • pesticides e.g., bug killers, weed killers, lawn products
  • the term “processed to substantially remove water” refers to any method acceptable in the food industry to remove at least a portion of water, for example to remove from about 10% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 30% to about 70%, from about 40% to about 60% of water in a mixture.
  • the processed product will retain or comprise about 2% to about 35% water, about 8% to about 30% water, about 13% to about 25% water, or about 18% to about 22% water.
  • Such methods include, but are not limited to, baking—as defined herein, frying, desiccation (i.e., drying) or any other means available.
  • the term “prophylactically effective” refers to an amount of activated charcoal capable of mitigating or substantially reducing adverse effects associated with the ingestion of a toxin or poison.
  • the edible product of the invention is administered as a preventative measure to a subject, preferably a human, who potentially ingested a toxin or poison.
  • the compositions of the invention may be used for the prevention of at least one adverse effect and concurrently treating another (e.g., prevention of adverse effects of poison ingestion while treating emesis or increased heart rate).
  • substance causing illness refers to any substance that caused a detrimental effect and induces substances that may act in a therapeutic or prophylactic manner in minute levels, but become toxic when the quantity is larger.
  • substances causing illness include, but are not limited to, nutrients, therapeutic drugs, vitamins, minerals, herbs, prophylactic drugs.
  • Specific examples of substance(s) causing illness include, but are not limited to, St.
  • substantially reduces refers to the ability of an edible product of the invention to measurably reduce the effects of at least one adverse effect associated with ingestion of a toxin or poison. In a preferred embodiment, substantially reduces refers to the ability of a edible product of the invention to reduce all measurable adverse effects associated with ingestion of a toxin or poison.
  • the term “subject” can be a human, a mammal, or an animal.
  • the subject being treated is a patient in need of treatment, preferably a human. In many instances, the subject is a child.
  • surface area As used herein, the terms “surface area” and “internal surface area” may be used interchangeably.
  • the term “therapeutically effective” refers to an amount of activated charcoal able to cause an amelioration or substantial reduction of at least one adverse effect associated with the ingestion of a toxin or poison, or at least one discernible symptom thereof. “Therapeutically effective” also refers to an amount of activated charcoal to result in an amelioration of at least one measurable physical parameter, not necessarily discernible by the patient. In yet another embodiment, the term “therapeutically effective” refers to an amount of an activated charcoal to inhibit the progression of at least one adverse effect, either physically (e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom), physiologically (e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter), or both.
  • the term “therapeutically effective” refers to an amount of activated charcoal resulting in a delayed onset of a disease or disorder.
  • the amount of activated charcoal, which constitutes a “therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the toxin or poison ingested, the severity of the condition, and the age and body weight of the subject to be treated, but can be determined routinely by one of ordinary skill in the art having regard to his/her own knowledge and to this disclosure.
  • the invention encompasses an edible product, such as a food product, containing a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of activated charcoal.
  • the edible product is in the form of a snack (e.g., a cookie sandwich or pastry product), which is perceived as palatable, for example, by children.
  • the edible product of the invention generally exhibits the appearance, the texture, the friability, and the sweet flavor, which typically characterize snack products.
  • the edible product is in the form of two wafers sandwiching a cream.
  • the edible product of the invention can resemble any dessert product including, but not limited to, a candy product, candy bar, cupcake, cookie, a wafer, a pie, a pastry, a health food bar or a donut.
  • the product may have a coating of material including, but not limited to, chocolate or sugar-based glaze.
  • the product can optionally contain flavor bits or inclusions such as, but not limited to, jimmies, flavor nuggets, cookie pieces, and chocolate chips to enhance flavor, texture, and appearance.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising a plurality of ingredients, which comprises activated charcoal, wherein the ingredients are processed by heat or drying to produce the product.
  • the invention encompasses an edible, toxin-decontaminant edible product comprising a plurality of ingredients including one or more of the following: (i) one or more flavoring agents; (ii) one or more complexing or thickening agents; (iii) activated charcoal; (iv) one or more emulsifying agents; (v) water; and (vi) soy protein crisps; wherein the ingredients are processed to substantially remove water, for example, by baking or frying to produce the product.
  • Table 1 discloses approximate weight percents and preferred weight percents of each ingredient after baking the ingredients at a predetermined oven temperature.
  • the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of from about 800 m 2 /g to about 3,000 m 2 /g; in another illustrative embodiment, the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of from about 1500 m 2 /g to about 2,500 m 2 /g; in yet another illustrative embodiment, the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of about 2,000 m 2 /g.
  • any ingestable activated charcoal may be used for example the activated charcoal in the product may be in one or more forms such as powder, granules, or brittle chips and can vary in source material, pore size distribution, and adsorptivity.
  • the product can contain more than one type of activated charcoal.
  • the product includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 20% to about 80% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the product includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 30% to about 70% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the product includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 45% to about 65% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the product includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight of about 60% thereof.
  • the flavoring agent is vanilla flavor, chocolate flavor, cocoa, salt, sugar, or a sweetener or combinations thereof; although, any flavoring agent can be used.
  • the flavoring agent is in the range of from about 0.001% to about 15%.
  • the product includes vanilla flavor in the approximating weight range of about 0.01% to about 1% thereof.
  • the product includes the vanilla flavor in the approximating weight of about 0.05%.
  • the product includes chocolate flavor in an approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 3% thereof.
  • the product includes chocolate flavor in the approximate weight of about 2% thereof.
  • the product includes salt in an approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 1% thereof. In an illustrative embodiment, the product includes the salt in the approximating weight of about 0.4% thereof. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the flavoring agent is sweetener in the approximate weight range of about 0.001% to about 10% thereof. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the product includes sweetener in an approximate weight range of about 0.001% to about 5% thereof. In an illustrative embodiment, the product includes a sweetener in the approximate weight of about 2% thereof. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the sweetener present in the product is neotame in the approximate weight range of about 0.001% to about 1.5% thereof.
  • the product includes sugar in the approximating weight range of about 2% to about 6% thereof. In yet another illustrative embodiment, the product includes the sugar in the approximating weight of about 4.5% thereof.
  • amount of sweetener used is dependent on the specific sweetener. Illustrative examples of sweeteners that can be used in an embodiment of the invention include, but are not limited to, aspartame, sucralose or neotame or mixtures thereof.
  • the complexing or thickening agent is sodium stearoyl lactylate or modified food starch or combinations thereof; although, any complexing or thickening agent may be used.
  • the product includes the complexing or thickening agent in an approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 4% thereof.
  • the product includes sodium stearoyl lactylate in an approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 2% thereof.
  • the product includes sodium stearoyl lactylate in the approximate weight of about 0.9% thereof.
  • the product includes modified food starch in the approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 2% thereof.
  • the product includes the modified food starch in the approximate weight of about 0.9% thereof.
  • the emulsifying agent is a mono or diglyceride; although or combinations thereof, any emulsifying agent may be used.
  • the product includes the emulsifying agent in an approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 4% thereof.
  • the product includes an emulsifying agent in the approximate weight range of about 1% to about 3% thereof.
  • the product includes the emulsifying agent in the approximate weight of about 2% thereof.
  • the product includes water in the approximating weight range of about 15% to about 60% thereof. In a particular illustrative embodiment, the product includes the water in the approximate weight of about 25% thereof.
  • the agent to improve porosity and texture is soy protein crisp or another protein product such as a rice protein crisp or is glycerine or combinations thereof.
  • the product includes the agent to improve porosity and texture in an approximate weight range of about 5% to about 15 % thereof.
  • the product includes soy protein crisp rice in the approximate weight range of about 5% to about 15% thereof.
  • the product includes the soy protein crisp rice in the approximate weight of about 11% thereof.
  • the product includes glycerine in the approximate weight range of about 6% to about 8% thereof.
  • the baking is done at an oven temperature of from about 250° F. to about 450° F., wherein the combined ingredients are placed in the oven for a time of from about 5 to about 35 minutes. In another embodiment, the combined ingredients are placed in the oven at an oven temperature of about 350° F. for a time of about 5 to about 15 minutes. In yet another embodiment, the baking is done at an oven temperature of about 350° F. for a time of about 10 minutes.
  • the invention encompasses a method of producing an edible, toxin-decontaminant product comprising:
  • the instances as described herein may produce a dough.
  • Table 2 illustrates an illustrative embodiment of the invention with approximate weight percents and preferred weight percents of each ingredient prior to baking.
  • Table 3 illustrates another illustrative embodiment of the invention with approximate weight percents and preferred weight percents of each ingredient prior to baking.
  • the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of from about 800 m 2 /g to about 3,000 m 2 /g; in another illustrative embodiment, the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of from about 1500 m 2 /g to about 2,500 m 2 /g; in yet another illustrative embodiment, the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of about 2,000 m2/g.
  • the method includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 20% to about 80% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the method includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 25% to about 75% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the method includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 30% to about 70% thereof.
  • the flavoring agent is vanilla flavor, chocolate flavor, salt, sugar, or a sweetener or combinations thereof, although any flavoring agent can be used.
  • the method includes vanilla flavor in the approximate weight range of about 0.002% to about 15% thereof.
  • the method includes the vanilla flavor in the approximate weight of about 0.01% to about 1%.
  • the method includes the vanilla flavor in the approximate weight of about 0.05%.
  • the method includes chocolate flavor in an approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 3% thereof.
  • the method includes chocolate flavor in the approximate weight of about 2% thereof.
  • the method includes salt in an approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 1% thereof. In an illustrative embodiment, the method includes the salt in the approximating weight of about 0.4% thereof. In an illustrative embodiment, the method includes sugar in the approximate weight range of about 2% to about 6% thereof. In yet another illustrative embodiment, the method includes the sugar in the approximate weight of about 4.5%. In an illustrative embodiment, the method includes sweetener in an approximate weight range of about 0.001% to about 10% thereof. In an illustrative embodiment, the method includes a sweetener in the approximate weight of about 2% thereof. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that the amount of sweetener used is dependent on the specific sweetener. Illustrative examples of sweeteners that can be used in an embodiment of the invention include, but are not limited to, aspartame, sucralose or neotame or mixtures thereof.
  • the complexing or thickening agent is sodium stearoyl lactylate or modified food starch or combinations thereof; although, any complexing or thickening agent may be used.
  • the method includes the complexing or thickening agent in an amount of about 0.5% to about 4%.
  • the method includes sodium stearoyl lactylate in an approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 2% thereof.
  • the method includes sodium stearoyl lactylate in the approximate weight of about 0.9% thereof.
  • the method includes modified food starch in the approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 2% thereof.
  • the method includes the modified food starch in the approximate weight of about 0.9% thereof.
  • the emulsifying agent is a mono or diglyceride or combinations thereof; although any emulsifying agent can be used.
  • the method includes an emulsifying agent in the approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 4% thereof.
  • the method includes an emulsifying agent in the approximate weight range of about 1% to about 3% thereof.
  • the method includes the emulsifying agent in the approximate weight of about 2% thereof.
  • the method includes water in the approximate weight range of about 15% to about 60% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the method includes the water in the approximate weight of about 25% thereof.
  • the agent to improve porosity and texture is soy protein crisp or another protein product such as rice crisp or is glycerine or combinations thereof.
  • the method includes the agent to improve porosity and texture in an approximate weight range of about 5% to about 15 % thereof.
  • the method includes soy protein crisp rice in the approximate weight range of about 5% to about 15% thereof.
  • the method includes the soy protein crisp rice in the approximate weight of about 11% thereof.
  • the method includes glycerine in the approximate weight range of about 6 % to about 8% thereof.
  • the baking is done at an oven temperature of from about 250° F. to about 450° F., wherein the combined ingredients are placed in the oven for a time of from about 5 to about 15 minutes. In another embodiment, the baking is done at an oven temperature of about 350° F. to for a time of about 10 minutes.
  • the invention encompasses a gastrointestinal decontaminant produced by the steps of:
  • the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of from about 800 m 2 /g to about 3,000 m 2 /g; in another illustrative embodiment, the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of from about 1500 m 2 /g to about 2,500 m 2 /g; in yet another illustrative embodiment, the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of about 2,000 m 2 /g.
  • the product includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 10% to about 80% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the product includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 20% to about 60% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the product includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 25% to about 45% thereof. In a particular illustrative embodiment, the product includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight of about 25% thereof.
  • the flavoring agent is vanilla flavor, chocolate flavor, salt, sugar, or a sweetener including, but not limited to, sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactose, acesulfame-K, dextrose, sucralose, saccharin, and aspartame or neotame or combinations thereof.
  • the flavoring agent is in the range of from about 0.0001% to about 15%.
  • the product includes vanilla flavor in the approximate weight range of about 0.01% to about 5% thereof.
  • the product includes the vanilla flavor in the approximate weight of about 0.05%.
  • the product includes chocolate flavor in an approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 3% thereof. In yet another illustrative embodiment, the product includes chocolate flavor in the approximate weight of about 2% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the product includes neotame in an amount of about 0.001% to about 1%. In another illustrative embodiment, the product includes neotame in an amount of about 0.002% to about 0.1%. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the product includes salt in an approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 1% thereof. In an illustrative embodiment, the product includes the salt in the approximate weight of about 0.4% thereof. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the product includes sugar in the approximating weight range of about 2% to about 6% thereof. In yet another illustrative embodiment, the product includes the sugar in the approximate weight of about 4.5% thereof.
  • the complexing or thickening agent is sodium stearoyl lactylate, modified food starch, Inscosity, or high fructose corn syrup or combinations thereof.
  • the product includes the complexing or thickening agent in an approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 40% thereof.
  • the product includes sodium stearoyl lactylate in an approximate weight range of about 5% to about 30% thereof.
  • the product includes sodium stearoyl lactylate in the approximate weight of about 25% thereof.
  • the product includes modified food starch in the approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 2% thereof.
  • the product includes the modified food starch in the approximate weight range of about 0.9% thereof.
  • the product includes high fructose corn syrup in the approximate weight range of about 5% to about 40% thereof.
  • the product includes the high fructose corn syrup in the approximate weight range of about 27% thereof.
  • the emulsifying agent is a mono or diglyceride or combinations thereof.
  • emulsifying agents include, but are not limited to, atmul, emplex and lecithin.
  • the product includes the emulsifying agent in an approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 12% thereof.
  • the product includes an emulsifying agent in the approximate weight range of about 2% to about 9% thereof.
  • the product includes the emulsifying agent in the approximate weight of about 7% thereof.
  • the product includes water in the approximate weight range of about 15% to about 60% thereof. In a particular illustrative embodiment, the product includes the water in the approximate weight of about 25% thereof.
  • the agent to improve porosity and texture is soy protein crisp, rice crisp, or glycerine, or combinations thereof.
  • the product includes the agent to improve porosity and texture in an approximate weight range of about 4% to about 30% thereof.
  • the product includes soy protein crisp in the approximate weight range of about 7% to about 13% thereof.
  • the product includes the soy protein crisp rice in the approximate weight of about 11% thereof.
  • the product optionally contains ammonia in an amount of about 0.5% to about 0.15%.
  • ammonia suitable for use in the product include, but are not limited to, baker's ammonia, bicarbonate of ammonia, or ammonium bicarbonate or combinations thereof.
  • the baking is done at an oven temperature of from about 250° F. to about 450° F., wherein the combined ingredients are placed in the oven for a time of from about 5 to about 15 minutes. In another embodiment, the baking is done at an oven temperature of about 350° F. to for a time of about 10 minutes.
  • the invention encompasses a method of producing a toxin-decontaminant product for ingestion into the gastrointestinal tract of a patient comprising:
  • the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of from about 800 m 2 /g to about 3,000 m 2 /g; in another illustrative embodiment, the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of from about 1500 m 2/g to about 2,500 m 2 /g; in yet another illustrative embodiment, the activated charcoal is characterized by an internal surface area of about 2,000 m 2 /g.
  • the method includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 20% to about 80% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the method includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 25% to about 75% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the method includes activated charcoal in an approximate weight range of from about 30% to about 70% thereof.
  • the flavoring agent is vanilla flavor, chocolate flavor, salt, sugar, or a sweetener.
  • the method includes vanilla flavor in the approximate weight range of about 0.01% to about 1% thereof.
  • the product includes the vanilla flavor in the approximate weight of about 0.03%.
  • the method includes chocolate flavor in an approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 2% thereof.
  • the method includes chocolate flavor in the approximate weight of about 1% thereof.
  • the product includes salt in an approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 1% thereof.
  • the method includes the salt in the approximate weight of about 0.1% thereof.
  • the method includes sugar in the approximate weight of about 1.5% to about 4% thereof.
  • the product includes the sugar in the approximate weight of about 2.5% thereof.
  • the method includes sweetener in an approximate weight range of about 0.5% to about 2% thereof.
  • the method includes a sweetener in an approximate weight range of about 0.001% to about 10% thereof.
  • the method includes a sweetener in the approximate weight of about 2% thereof; however, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that the amount of sweetener used is dependent on the specific sweetener.
  • the complexing or thickening agent is sodium stearoyl lactylate or modified food starch.
  • the method includes sodium stearoyl lactylate in an approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 2% thereof. In yet another illustrative embodiment, the method includes sodium stearoyl lactylate in the approximate weight of about 0.5% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the method includes modified food starch in the approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 2% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the method includes the modified food starch in the approximate weight of about 0.5% thereof.
  • the emulsifying agent is a mono- or diglyceride.
  • the method includes an emulsifying agent in the approximate weight range of about 0.1% to about 2% thereof. In yet another illustrative embodiment, the method includes the emulsifying agent in the approximate weight of about 0.5% thereof.
  • the method includes water in the approximate weight range of about 45% to about 60% thereof. In another illustrative embodiment, the method includes the water in the approximate weight of about 53% thereof.
  • the agent to improve porosity and texture is soy protein crisp.
  • the method includes soy protein crisp in the approximate weight range of about 4% to about 8% thereof.
  • the method includes the soy protein crisp rice in the approximate weight of about 6.6% thereof.
  • the baking is done at an oven temperature of from about 250° F. to about 450° F., wherein the combined ingredients are placed in the oven for a time of from about 5 to about 15 minutes. In another embodiment, the baking is done at an oven temperature of about 350° F. to for a time of about 10 minutes.
  • the invention encompasses a method of producing a toxin-decontaminant product for ingestion into the gastrointestinal tract of a patient comprising: mixing a plurality of materials including a sweetener, sugar, salt, vanilla flavoring, chocolate flavoring, activated charcoal, modified food starch, monoglycerides, and sodium stearoyl lactylate; adding water to produce a mixture, for instance, a dough and mixing said mixture to produce a mixture of component materials; adding soy protein rice crisps and blending the composition; and baking the mixture at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time.
  • a sweetener including a sweetener, sugar, salt, vanilla flavoring, chocolate flavoring, activated charcoal, modified food starch, monoglycerides, and sodium stearoyl lactylate
  • adding water to produce a mixture, for instance, a dough and mixing said mixture to produce a mixture of component materials
  • adding soy protein rice crisps and blending the composition and baking the mixture at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined
  • the invention encompasses molding, forming or extruding the ingredients using methods known in the art to produce the product in a particular shape or size.
  • the invention encompasses an edible product comprising a pair of biscuit-like wafers and a creamy filling sandwiched therebetween.
  • the wafers may include coloring to make the edible product appealing and easily identified by young children in order to entice them to eat the edible product of the subject invention.
  • a pair of disk-shaped wafers are produced.
  • the wafers exhibit a compressed granular texture and a degree of friability akin to that of a cookie.
  • the degree of friability is such that the wafers are easily crumbled by the average biting force generated by even a very young child.
  • the degree of friability is also such that the crumbled wafers may thereafter be effectively disintegrated by the subsequent chewing action generated by the given young child.
  • the wafers exhibit a degree of rich, sweet flavor to accompany their cookie-like crumbly texture, wherein in an illustrative embodiment, the sweet flavor of the wafers is sufficient to encourage substantial chewing prior to ingestion into the user's gastrointestinal tract.
  • Each wafer includes activated charcoal, in addition to one or more flavoring agents, one or more complexing or thickening agents, one or more emulsifying agents; water, and an agent to improve porosity and texture in the approximate weight range proportions indicated in Table 2.
  • the combination of activated charcoal, one or more flavoring agents, one or more complexing or thickening agents, one or more emulsifying agents; water, and an agent to improve porosity and texture in the approximate weight range proportions followed by baking the ingredients results in a product having, for example, a cookie-like wafer appearance, which has a consistency emulating that of a baked cookie.
  • a cookie is prepared having a cream filling.
  • therapeutically or prophylactically effective amounts of activated charcoal are ingested by a subject who has ingested a poison or toxin in an amount sufficient to mitigate, substantially reduce, or cause the cessation of at least one adverse effect associated with the ingestion of the toxin or poison.
  • a creamy white filling is sandwiched between a pair of wafers.
  • the precise consistency, color, and taste of the filling is not integral to the invention; however, it is preferable that the filling be of a consistency and color appealing to children and that its flavor exhibit a sufficient sweet component to supplement or augment the sweet flavor of the wafers.
  • the pleasant taste further encourages the child to likewise ingest addition “edible product of the invention,” which make up the required pharmacological activated charcoal dosage.
  • the edible product of the invention is such that a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of activated charcoal is found in the edible product and is ingested with chewing in an ordinary fashion (i.e., the way a subject would chew and swallow any other ingestable food).
  • the activated charcoal is administered at the site at which the poisoning incident occurs, which in most cases is the victim's home, immediately following the discovery of the accidental or purposeful ingestion, before the ingested toxins have had the opportunity to be extensively absorbed into the bloodstream.
  • the edible product produced by the inventive method given its inherent palatability, could easily be administered in the home or any other setting outside a medical institution, and by any individual.
  • the edible product of the invention would not only expand the usage of activated charcoal as a decontaminant, but it would actually enhance, in a significant manner, the effectiveness of that usage.
  • the ingredients were blended and processed to remove water, for example by baking, in the absence of a leavening agent.
  • the edible product contains a leavening agent to allow the edible product to rise and increase in volume.
  • a leavening agent to allow the edible product to rise and increase in volume.
  • Embodiments of the invention in the form of a wafer, cracker, or pie crusts can utilize leavening to make them flaky or lighter in texture. Leavening can occur mainly during cooking, such as for pie crusts. In other cases most of the leavening happens prior to baking, as for example with many yeast breads, or more often, leavening may occur partially before and partially when the product is heated. The type of leavening used may depend on the product, for example whether the un-baked product is a batter or a dough.
  • leavening agents can be combined to give the maximum amount of lift to the product.
  • a recipe might require sugar and butter to be creamed, representing one type of leavening (i.e., air) and call for baking powder as well, which is another type of leavening (i.e., carbon dioxide).
  • the batter or dough should be suitable for holding the expanded shape, before, during, and after cooking.
  • a cake containing flour will rise in the oven and hold the volume even after the cake cools and the leavening gases contract.
  • the structure of the cake is strong enough after cooking so that the air cells remain.
  • many cheesecakes and souffles which have little flour will attain a high volume in the oven but will collapse when the product is cooled.
  • the egg protein-based walls of the little air cells are not strong enough to hold up the weight of the cake when the heated air cools and contracts.
  • the optional cream to be included in an embodiment of the edible product of the invention may be used to enhance the palatability and flavor of the wafers, for example, the cream may improve the texture or mouth feel of the product.
  • a creamy white filling is sandwiched between a pair of wafers.
  • the precise consistency, color and taste of the filling is not important to the invention. Thus, the color, texture, and its flavor should supplement or augment the sweet flavor of the wafers themselves.
  • the optional cream filling comprises one or more flavoring agents, shortening, lecithin, salt, and sugar.
  • the optional cream filling is a reduced fat cream filling that comprises sugar, glycerine, shortening, and a fat replacer.
  • the optional cream filling is a non-fat cream filling that comprises one or more flavoring agents, lecithin, salt, glycerine, a fat replacer, and one or more emulsifying agents.
  • the flavoring agent is vanilla or chocolate flavoring. In another particular embodiment, the flavoring is vanilla flavoring. In a particular illustrative embodiment, the flavoring in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of from about 0.05% to about 1%. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the flavoring in the optional cream is in an approximate weight percent of about 0.2%.
  • the shortening is vegetable cubed shortening.
  • the shortening in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of from about 25% to about 35%. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the shortening in the optional cream is in an approximate weight percent of about 31%.
  • the lecithin in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of from about 0.01% to about 0.5%. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the lecithin in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of about 0.05%.
  • the salt in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of from about 0.1 % to about 1%. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the salt in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of about 0.25%.
  • the sugar is powdered sugar.
  • the sugar in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of from about 65% to about 75%. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the sugar in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of about 69%.
  • the fat replacer is a carbohydrate-based, protein-based, or non-digestible or non-absorbable fat-based fat replacer.
  • Illustrative examples of fat replacers include, but are not limited to, cellulose, maltodextrins, gums, starches, fiber, polydextrose, and olestra.
  • the fat replacer in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of from about 5% to about 15%. In another particular illustrative embodiment, the fat replacer in the optional cream is present in an approximate weight percent of about 11%.
  • the optional filling is formulated as follows:
  • Approximated Ingredient Weight % 1 Preferred Weight % 1 Sugar 30%-95% 65% Glycerine 10%-50% 35% Flavoring (Vanilla Extract) 0%-5% 0.3% Water 0%-20% 0% Marshmallow Cream 0%-70% 0% 1 Weight percentages are determined prior to baking the ingredients.
  • the edible product of the invention can be used in combination therapy with one or more second active agents.
  • the edible product of the invention and the second active agent may act additively or, more preferably, synergistically.
  • the edible product comprising activated charcoal is administered concurrently with the administration of the second active agent, which can be part of the edible product.
  • the edible product of the invention is administered prior or subsequent to administration of second active agent.
  • the duration of administration of each drug or second active agent can be, for example, several minutes or several hours.
  • the therapeutic agent when a edible product of the invention is administered concurrently with a second active agent that potentially produces adverse side effects including, but not limited to, toxicity, the therapeutic agent can advantageously be administered at a dose that falls below the threshold at which the adverse side is elicited.
  • the edible products of the invention can be administered together with an antiemetic agent.
  • Antiemetic agents for use in combination with the edible products of the invention include, but are not limited to, cinnarizine, compazine, diphenhydramine, kytril, marinol, meclizine HCl, metoclopramide, promethazine, scopolamine, and zofran.
  • the edible products of the invention can be administered together with an antibiotic agent.
  • Antibiotic drugs for use in combination with the edible product of the invention include, but are not limited to, aminoglycosides, streptomycin, neomycin, anamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, streptomycin B, dihydrostreptomycin, spectinomycin, penicillin, ampicillin, hetacillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, cephalosporins, cephaloridine, cephalothin sodium, cephaloglycin dihydratem, cephalexin monohydrate, tetracycline, tetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, chlorotetracycline hydrochloride, doxocycline monohydrate, methacydine hydrochloride, 7-chloro-6-dimethyltetracycline, erythamycin, sulfonamides, carbomycin, oleanod
  • the edible products of the invention can be administered together with an antidiarrheal agent.
  • Antidiarrheal drugs for use in combination with the edible product of the invention include, but are not limited to, loperamide, diphenoxylate, atropine, tincture of opium, paregoric, morphine sulfate, codeine, and methadone.
  • the second agent may be a catharlic agent or an agent that induces catharsis.
  • the second agent may be sorbitol.
  • the second active agent is administered as a combination with the edible product.
  • the second active agent is baked with the wafer portion of the illustrative edible product described herein.
  • the second active agent is not baked with the wafer portion of the illustrative edible product described herein.
  • the second active agent is mixed with the cream and then sandwiched between two wafers of the invention.
  • the edible products of the invention are administered to achieve efficacious levels of activated charcoal to a subject in need thereof to mitigate, cause the cessation of, or substantially reduce adverse effects associated with the ingestion of a toxin or poison.
  • the edible product of the invention may be administered orally and chewed to allow the activated charcoal to achieve a therapeutic or prophylactic surface area.
  • a therapeutic or prophylactic surface area is typically achieved by ordinary chewing and swallowing.
  • the edible product of the invention Due to the activity of the edible product of the invention, it is useful in veterinary and human medicine. As described above, the edible product of the invention is useful in mitigating, causing the cessation, or substantially reducing adverse effects associated with the ingestion of a toxin or poison.
  • the invention provides methods of treatment and prophylaxis by administration to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of activated charcoal comprised in an edible product of the invention.
  • the subject may be an animal, including, but not limited, to an animal such a cow, horse, sheep, pig, chicken, turkey, quail, cat, dog, mouse, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, etc., and is more preferably a mammal, and most preferably a human. In some instances, the patient is a child.
  • compositions of the invention are intended to be administered orally and may be administered together with another biologically active agent.
  • Administration can be at any time after ingestion of a toxin or poison, preferably within about 1 to about 3 hours and more preferably within about 1 hour and most preferably immediately after ingestion of a toxin or poison.
  • the edible product of the invention it is desirable to administer the edible product of the invention locally to the gastrointestinal tract of the subject. This may be achieved, for example, and not by way of limitation, by oral administration.
  • compositions will contain a therapeutically effective amount of activated charcoal, optionally with an additional therapeutic, preferably in purified form, wherein the additional therapeutic is in a suitable amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle so as to provide the form for proper administration to the patient.
  • vehicle refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient, or carrier with which a composition of the invention is administered.
  • the second active agents of the invention are formulated in accordance with routine procedures as a pharmaceutical composition adapted for intravenous administration to human beings.
  • the ingredients are supplied either separately or mixed together in unit dosage form, for example, as a dry lyophilized powder or water free concentrate in a hermetically sealed container such as an ampoule or sachette indicating the quantity of active agent.
  • the composition of the invention is to be administered by intravenous infusion, it can be dispensed, for example, with an infusion bottle containing sterile pharmaceutical grade water or saline.
  • an ampoule of sterile water for injection or saline can be provided so that the ingredients may be mixed prior to administration.
  • the edible product of the invention for oral delivery can also contain one or more optional agents, for example, pharmaceutical additives such as, PVP; sweetening agents such as fructose, aspartame or saccharin; flavoring agents such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, saccharine, aspartame, neotame, or cherry; coloring agents; and preserving agents, to provide a pharmaceutically palatable preparation that do not interfere with the preparation of the edible product.
  • products of the invention may comprise additional coatings or frostings.
  • products of the invention may be enclosed in a chocolate coating as a single wafer or a filled cookie or sandwich cookie. The coating may also decrease the friable nature of the product and increase product stability or shelf life.
  • the amount of the decontaminant edible product of the invention that will be effective in the treatment or prevention of ingestion of a particular toxin or poison will depend on the nature of the toxin or poison, and can be readily determined by clinicians.
  • the edible product of the invention is such that it can be administered by a parent or non-clinician, wherein such parent or non-clinician suspects that a child or animal ingested a poison or toxin.
  • the precise dose to be employed in the compositions will also depend on the seriousness of the toxicity or poisoning, and should be decided according to the judgment of the practitioner and each patient's circumstances.
  • the edible product of the invention is such that it can be administered to a subject suspected of ingesting a poison or toxin as one or more individual units and without worry of any adverse effect associated with administration of the edible product provided it is used appropriately.
  • the oral formulations of the invention may contain inert ingredients, which allow for protection against the stomach environment, and release of the biologically active material in the intestine.
  • inert ingredients which allow for protection against the stomach environment, and release of the biologically active material in the intestine.
  • enteric coatings are well known in the art.
  • tablets containing a fusion protein in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, which are suitable for manufacture of tablets may be used.
  • These excipients may be inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, maize starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, or talc.
  • the therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of edible product may be measured in a numbers of ways, including calculated to alleviate symptoms associated with a specific toxin or poison in a subject, such as the symptoms of poison or toxin ingestion.
  • the invention provides a package containing products of the invention.
  • the package will typically comprise a label. Suitable packages include, for example, boxes, cellophane containers or wraps and the like.
  • the package may be formed from a variety of materials such as cellophane or plastic.
  • the package holds the edible product that includes activated carbon in a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount to mitigate, cause the cessation, or substantially reduce at least one adverse effect associated with the ingestion of a poison or toxin.
  • the edible product in the package may contain a second active agent.
  • the label on the container typically indicates that the edible product is used for a specific therapy, and may also indicate directions for in vivo use, such as those described above.
  • a rapid test method based on Trinder's Reagent was used in order to determine adsorptivity of the activated charcoal cookie formulation. Tests were conducted in vitro by mixing a predetermined amount of a test substance into a stock solution.
  • the in vitro stock solution used in each test consisted of 1 g/L of sodium salicylate dissolved in a simulated gastric fluid solution containing 2.0 g/L of NaCl, 7.0 mL/L of 12 N strength concentrated HCl and distilled water.
  • the simulated gastric fluid was characterized in this form by a pH level of 1.2, the salicylate of this pH level being more than 99.99% in the form of undissociated salicylic acid, which is very similar in its properties to aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid.
  • Kinetic tests were conducted generally by performing the following steps. Approximately 500 mL of the stock solution was poured into a 1 liter glass container. A predetermined quantity of the given test substance was then introduced into the solution in the glass container. The container was then placed on a shaking table and shaken thereby at a 60 cycles per minute oscillation frequency. Samples were taken at various times. Activated charcoal was filtered from each sample and the solution analyzed calorimetrically to determine the salicylic concentration corresponding to the given sample time.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates comparative kinetic effects of varying amounts of filling on the adsorptivity of 2.1 g of activated charcoal.
  • a cookie weighing approximately 6.80 grams (5.15 g wafers and 1.65 g filling) was crushed to simulate chewing, and then introduced into a given volume of the stock solution.
  • This study illustrates the effect of adsorptivity on varying amounts of cream filling on the decontaminant and demonstrates no effect on adsorptivity of the activated charcoal.
  • the cookie produced by the instant inventive method not only reduced the salicylate concentration in the simulated gastric fluid solution at a significantly faster rate, but also yielded a significantly greater overall reduction in the concentration than a comparable amount of ACTIDOSE AQUA suspension.
  • the salicylate concentration, 5 minutes subsequent to introduction of the subject cookie was substantially below 0.2 g/L.
  • the salicylate concentration 5 minutes subsequent to introduction of the ACTIDOSE AQUA was observed to be approximately 0.5 g/L.
  • the salicylate concentration had diminished to approximately 0.03 g/L with the subject cookie, whereas it had begun to level off at approximately 0.15 g/L with ACTIDOSE AQUA.
  • FIGS. 5-8 illustrate kinetic tests on illustrative edible decontaminant product of the invention.
  • 2.1 g of activated charcoal essentially a 1:1 ratio with sodium salicylate
  • 20 g of activated charcoal were added to illustrate how the product would perform in a clinical situation.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 further illustrate an illustrative embodiment of the invention in comparison with ACTIDOSE AQUA using 2.1 g and 20 g of activated charcoal, respectively.
  • Table 4 describes an illustrative embodiment of a mixture of ingredients of the edible product of the invention prior to baking.
  • the Sunnet Sweetener can be reduced or eliminated altogether and/or one or more flavoring agents, for example, chocolate flavoring or neotame may be added in a greater amount.
  • Table 5 describes another illustrative embodiment of a mixture of ingredients of the edible product of the invention prior to baking.
  • Table 6 describes another illustrative embodiment of a mixture of ingredients of the edible product of the invention after baking.
  • Table 7 illustrates the adsorptivity of 2 g/L of NaSal using a 0.80 Cookie (2.1 g equivalent activated charcoal) and 7.7 cookies (20 g equivalent activated charcoal).
US11/604,275 2004-05-27 2006-11-27 Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof Abandoned US20080248088A1 (en)

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US11/604,275 US20080248088A1 (en) 2004-05-27 2006-11-27 Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof
US12/827,679 US9066857B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2010-06-30 Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof
US14/720,302 US9427009B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2015-05-22 Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof
US15/224,048 US20160331780A1 (en) 2004-05-27 2016-07-29 Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof

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US57467604P 2004-05-27 2004-05-27
PCT/US2005/018802 WO2005117842A2 (fr) 2004-05-27 2005-05-27 Produit comestible décontaminant : méthodes de production et utilisations
US11/604,275 US20080248088A1 (en) 2004-05-27 2006-11-27 Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof

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US14/720,302 Active US9427009B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2015-05-22 Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof
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US15/224,048 Abandoned US20160331780A1 (en) 2004-05-27 2016-07-29 Decontaminant edible product, methods of production and uses thereof

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WO2011099000A3 (fr) * 2010-02-09 2011-09-29 Eliezer Smoler Composition pharmaceutique pour le traitement du tractus gastro-intestinal
US20120308541A1 (en) * 2010-02-09 2012-12-06 Eliezer Smoler Pharmaceutical composition for treating the gastrointestinal tract
US20130115306A1 (en) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-09 Denovo Inc. Toxin decontaminant food product and method of treating disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

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US20130115266A1 (en) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-09 Bestsweet, Inc. Edible wafer-type product for delivery of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals

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US20120308541A1 (en) * 2010-02-09 2012-12-06 Eliezer Smoler Pharmaceutical composition for treating the gastrointestinal tract
US20130115306A1 (en) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-09 Denovo Inc. Toxin decontaminant food product and method of treating disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

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US20160331780A1 (en) 2016-11-17
US20110244018A1 (en) 2011-10-06
WO2005117842A3 (fr) 2007-05-24
US20150250219A1 (en) 2015-09-10
WO2005117842A2 (fr) 2005-12-15
US9066857B2 (en) 2015-06-30
US9427009B2 (en) 2016-08-30
EP1750681A2 (fr) 2007-02-14
EP1750681A4 (fr) 2012-02-22
JP2008500371A (ja) 2008-01-10

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