US20080163860A1 - Grate Bar and Grate for a Step-Grate Stoker - Google Patents

Grate Bar and Grate for a Step-Grate Stoker Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080163860A1
US20080163860A1 US11/912,909 US91290906A US2008163860A1 US 20080163860 A1 US20080163860 A1 US 20080163860A1 US 91290906 A US91290906 A US 91290906A US 2008163860 A1 US2008163860 A1 US 2008163860A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
bar
flat part
grate
longitudinal projection
bars
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Abandoned
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US11/912,909
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English (en)
Inventor
Andre Simper
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SARETCO
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SARETCO
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Publication date
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Assigned to SARETCO reassignment SARETCO ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIMPER, ANDRE
Publication of US20080163860A1 publication Critical patent/US20080163860A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F23H17/12—Fire-bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
    • F23H1/02—Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form a part of the grate structure or serve as supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H15/00—Cleaning arrangements for grates; Moving fuel along grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F23H17/08—Bearers; Frames; Spacers; Supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/04—Grates with hollow bars externally cooled, e.g. with water, steam or air

Definitions

  • the subject of this present invention is a grate bar and a grate for a stepped-grate furnace stoker. Its principal application is in the field of furnaces for waste conversion units, such as common refuse, industrial, domestic, or hospital wastes, water treatment sludges, or indeed flour, for example.
  • waste conversion units such as common refuse, industrial, domestic, or hospital wastes, water treatment sludges, or indeed flour, for example.
  • Furnaces that have actually been designed for waste incineration have existed for many years, and have undergone constant development up to the present time. These include known furnaces such as grate furnaces, roller-hearth furnaces or fluidised-bed furnaces for example, in which the waste materials are emptied through a hopper onto a conveyor composed of mobile steps that blend and push the waste materials forward into the combustion chambers. These furnaces thus allow the combustion of the waste materials, and therefore a reduction in the production of pollution.
  • the furnace is the part in which the waste materials are dried and where their combustible content is oxidised.
  • An efficient furnace should be designed so that the waste materials are well distributed over the combustion bed, and are correctly blended. This blending is used to bring the waste materials into contact with the hot air coming from the furnace in order to dry them, to distil the volatile substances, and to break down the products into simple molecules that finish by attaining their ignition temperature.
  • the quality of the combustion is linked mainly to oxygen content, which must be sufficient, to the temperature, which must be high, to the controlled turbulence which must be sufficient for good combustion while avoiding the releases of dusts composed of flying ash, and to an adequate time of presence of the waste materials on the grate.
  • grates include bars whose main section has the shape of an inverted “U”, meaning a flat part and two lateral legs, which are assembled so as to form a mobile step-feed, in which some bars move in limited translation in relation to the others, so as to move the particles forward and to empty them out.
  • U inverted “U”
  • U inverted “U”
  • some bars move in limited translation in relation to the others, so as to move the particles forward and to empty them out.
  • One of the drawbacks of this type of bar is that the path that the particles must travel along the legs of the bars, before they are completely emptied out below these bars, is a long one. It corresponds in fact to the length of the legs of the bar.
  • One of the consequences is therefore that the particles are heated for longer and are liable to stick on, under, or between the bars.
  • these bars do not adequately prevent the progressive accumulation, between and under the bars, of the refractory materials. This accumulation can then, in particular, cause the shuttle motion of the bars to be paralysed. It can also give rise to the amplification of the separations between the bars, which contributes to blocking the movements of the grate and increases the difficulties of adjusting the combustion. In fact this can necessitate shut-down of the production in order to clean or change one or more bars, especially because of mechanical wear following this progressive accumulation of the refractory materials.
  • the problem that then rises is therefore how to prevent the progressive accumulation of the refractory materials between and under the bars, in order to arrange for efficient removal of these refractory materials, and so guarantee the relative movement of the bars, increase the life expectancy of each bar, and facilitate adjustment of the combustion.
  • the purpose of the invention is therefore to provide a solution to the aforementioned problems, amongst others.
  • the invention therefore relates to a grate bar for the firebox of an incineration furnace.
  • the bar includes a flat part whose top surface is intended to receive the incinerated elements and that extends into a rear end and a front end, each forming a return that acts as a support point for the bar.
  • the bar also includes a longitudinal projection located under the flat part, and that extends at least partially between the rear and front ends of the bar.
  • At least one angled cutting element, or knife is located under the flat part, on a first side of the longitudinal projection.
  • the bar of the invention includes at least one second angled cutting element located under the flat part, on a second side of the longitudinal projection.
  • the bar includes a multiplicity of angled cutting elements distributed under the flat part, on a first side or on each side of the longitudinal projection.
  • each of the angled cutting elements is located against the bottom surface of the said flat part and perpendicularly to this bottom surface, and/or each of these angled cutting elements is located against one or other side of the longitudinal projection ( 6 ) and perpendicularly to this side.
  • the angled cutting elements favour the removal of the refractory materials that accumulate progressively between, on, and under the bars.
  • the bar of the invention includes at least one wing positioned under the flat part, on a first side of the longitudinal projection.
  • this wing positioned under the flat part, is provided with at least one lateral hollow-out which, together with the lateral hollow-out of a wing of a first neighbouring bar, forms a passage for channelling the air up to the front end of the bar.
  • the bar of the invention includes at least one second wing positioned under the flat part, on a second side of the longitudinal projection.
  • This second wing is provided with a lateral hollow-out which, together with the lateral hollow-out of a wing of a second neighbouring bar, forms a second passage for channelling the air up to the front end of the bar.
  • the bar includes a multiplicity of wings distributed under the flat part, along the longitudinal projection, on a first side or on each side of this longitudinal projection.
  • These wings are provided with respective lateral hollow-outs which, together with the respective lateral hollow-outs in the wings the neighbouring bar or bars ( 9 , 13 ), form passages.
  • these passages form a channel for guiding the air up to the front end of the bar, on the first or on each side of the longitudinal projection.
  • the passages are outlined at the top, at least partially, by the bottom surface of the flat part, so that the channelled air runs just below this flat part.
  • the base of the front end of the bar has an attack angle a that is greater than 0°.
  • This attack angle a is preferably between 2° and 10°. Preferably again, this attack angle ⁇ is essentially equal to 3°.
  • the front end of the flat part is provided, on at least one of the sides of the longitudinal projection, with a fin for redirection of the air coming from the passage or passages formed by the lateral hollow-outs, to at least one channel located in the top part of the front end of the bar.
  • the channel starts at the bottom surface of the flat part and perpendicularly to the latter, and opens out onto the top of the top surface of the flat part, parallel to the latter.
  • the invention also relates to a grate for the firebox of an incineration furnace that includes at least one bar according to the first aspect of the invention presented above.
  • the grate includes at least one group of three bars according to the first aspect of the invention presented above, with the central bar in this group being mobile in relation to the two lateral bars in the group.
  • the bars in at least one of the groups are assembled by means of a dowelling or pinning technique that locks the two lateral bars in relation to each other, and that leaves the central bar free in translation, between two extreme positions, in relation to the two lateral bars.
  • the invention therefore advantageously allows the removal of refractory materials that accumulate progressively between, on, and under the bars.
  • the structure with a flat part and a longitudinal projection under this flat part that provides the assembly with a main section, in the shape of a “T” results in a short removal path of the particles between each bar
  • the presence of the angled cutting elements results in cutting up any particles that might accumulate between the bars.
  • the presence of wings under the flat part allows the creation, under the grate, of channels that direct the air running under the bars of this grate.
  • the formation of these channels, and therefore the advantageous circulation of the air under a bar thus depends on the juxtaposition of this bar with the adjoining bars. This better circulation of air cools the assembly while also favouring and activating the combustion, since the oxidising air is channelled toward the front end of the bar.
  • the shape, the position, and the number of wings combine to accelerate cooling of the bar from below.
  • the shape of the front end of the bar in particular with the presence of the fin for redirection of the air coming from the passages formed by the lateral hollow-outs, to a channel located in the top part of the front end of the bar, results in efficient blowing of the oxidising air, at the surface of the flat part, toward the rear end of the bar, and therefore of the grate, so that the air is blown in the direction of removal of the products.
  • the angle of attack of the front end of the bar prevents the accumulation of particles at this point and therefore the lifting of the bar.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a set of three bars according to the invention, in cross section,
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a portion of a bar according to the invention, in perspective
  • FIG. 3 a schematically represents a portion of a bar according to the invention, as seen from the side,
  • FIG. 3 b schematically represents a portion of a bar according to the invention, as seen from above and in perspective,
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents the front end of a bar according to the invention, as seen from the side,
  • FIG. 5 a schematically represents a grate formed from several bars assembled according to the invention, as seen from below,
  • FIG. 5 b schematically represents a detail of the assembly of three bars according to the invention, as seen from below.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a set of three bars according to the invention, in cross section.
  • each bar has the shape of “T” with, in the case of bar 1 , a flat part 3 that surmounts a longitudinal projection 6 .
  • This main section, in the shape of a “T”, offers, amongst other advantages, an optimised level of geometrical and mechanical precision, and a good resistance to high-temperature deformations, due to its moment of inertia.
  • the material used is preferably a refractory alloy that offers high resistance to abrasion when hot, to corrosion when hot, to oxidation, and to thermal shock.
  • a method of manufacture by casting allows the implementation of such highly alloyed and refractory alloys.
  • the main section, in the shape of a “T”, which is totally removable from its mould, allows the use of a “natural” casting method that has the particular advantage of being comparatively more convenient than other methods of casting that are more complex.
  • a first wing 7 is positioned on a first side 6 a of the longitudinal projection 6
  • a second wing 11 can be positioned on another side 6 b of this longitudinal projection 6
  • the wings 7 , 11 respectively have lateral hollow-outs 7 a , 11 a.
  • the adjoining bars 9 , 13 also respectively have wings 8 , 12 .
  • Wing 8 which is opposite to wing 7 of bar 1
  • Wing 12 has a lateral hollow-out 8 a that is opposite to the lateral hollow-out 7 a of wing 7 of bar 1
  • Wing 12 which is opposite to wing 11 of bar 1
  • a passage 10 is formed between bar 1 and bar 9
  • a passage 14 is formed between bar 1 and bar 13 .
  • the position of the lateral hollow-outs in the wings meaning the top corner opposite to the longitudinal projection of the bar to which each wing belongs, precisely allows the creation of passages just below the respective flat parts of the bars. The purpose of these passages is to channel the air up to the front end of each bar.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a portion of a bar according to the invention, in perspective.
  • bar 1 also represented in FIG. 2 , we find the flat part 3 and the longitudinal projection 6 .
  • a bar 1 extends to a front end 5 forming a return that acts as a support point in the case of bar 1 .
  • This figure also shows that the longitudinal projection 6 actually extends under the flat part 3 from the front end 5 in the direction of the rear end (not shown). It could possibly extend only partially under the flat part 3 between the front end and the rear end.
  • wings 7 , 7 ′ and 7 ′′ On one side 6 a or on each side 6 a , 6 b of the longitudinal projection 6 , several wings can be positioned, namely wings 7 , 7 ′ and 7 ′′ on a first side 6 a , and wings 11 , 11 ′ and 11 ′′ on the other side 6 b .
  • Wings 7 , 7 ′ and 7 ′′ respectively have lateral hollow-outs 7 a , 7 a ′, 7 a ′′.
  • Wings 11 , 11 ′, and 11 ′′ respectively have lateral hollow-outs 11 a, 11 a′ , 11 a′′, which are shown only partially due to the perspective view.
  • the succession of lateral hollow-outs on each side of the longitudinal projection 6 in combination with the succession of lateral hollow-outs in the adjoining bars (not shown in FIG. 2 ), form, on each side of this longitudinal projection 6 , and between bar 1 and its adjoining bars, a channel for guiding the air up to the front end 5 .
  • wings 7 , 7 ′ and 7 ′′ and 11 , 11 ′, 11 ′′ are represented perpendicularly to the longitudinal projection 6 , and slightly inclined in relation to the flat part 3 , at the rear end (not shown) of bar 1 .
  • This position is only an example however and does not limit the scope of the invention. In fact, these wings could just as well be positioned in an inclined manner, to the rear for example, in relation to the longitudinal projection 6 , and perpendicularly to the flat part 3 .
  • the position in the example of FIG. 2 nevertheless gives good results in relation to the objective sought, namely cooling of bar 1 by the oxidising air running between the wings.
  • the arrows shown in FIG. 2 symbolise the circulation of this oxidising air between the wings, in order to favour cooling of the bar.
  • FIG. 2 also shows angled cutting elements 15 , 15 ′, 15 ′′, which can also be called just angled elements or knives, on the side 6 a of the longitudinal projection 6 , under the flat part 3 .
  • angled cutting elements 15 , 15 ′, 15 ′′ which can also be called just angled elements or knives, on the side 6 a of the longitudinal projection 6 , under the flat part 3 .
  • An appropriate position is one that results in an effective ability to cut any particles between an angled element of one bar and an angled element of a neighbouring bar.
  • a bar 1 can also have one or more of these angled elements on the other side 6 b of this longitudinal projection 6 , which are not visible here due to the perspective view.
  • these angled elements or knives 15 , 15 ′, 15 ′′ are located against the bottom surface 3 b of the flat part 3 , perpendicularly to the latter.
  • they can be placed against the side 6 a or 6 b of the longitudinal projection 6 , perpendicularly to this side.
  • FIG. 3 a schematically represents a portion of a bar according to the invention, as seen from the side.
  • the angled elements 15 , 15 ′, 15 ′′ are shown by solid lines, and the angled elements on the other side of the longitudinal projection 6 and/or of a neighbouring are shown by broken lines (but not referenced).
  • FIG. 3 b schematically represents a portion of a bar according to the invention, as seen from below and in perspective.
  • the angled elements are positioned precisely under the flat part 3 , against and perpendicularly to the bottom surface 3 b of this flat part 3 . They are distributed on each side of the longitudinal projection 6 , respectively against and perpendicularly to the sides of this longitudinal projection 6 .
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents the front end of a bar according to the invention, as seen from the side.
  • the front end 5 of the bar forms a return whose base 5 a acts as a support point for the bar.
  • This base 5 a has an attack angle ⁇ that is greater than 0°.
  • an effective angle of attack will be between 2° and 10°.
  • a particularly good result is achieved with an angle of attack that is essentially equal to 3°.
  • this front end 5 of the bar also has a fin 16 for redirection of the air (redirection being symbolised by the upwardly-pointing arrow) coming from the passages formed by the lateral hollow-outs in the wings (not shown) along the longitudinal projection 6 .
  • the internal curved shape of this fin 16 actually favours the redirection of the air.
  • This air is redirected to a channel 18 , on one side, or on each side, of the longitudinal projection 6 .
  • This channel 18 starts at the bottom surface 3 b of the flat part 3 , perpendicularly to this flat part 3 . It then emerges at the top of the top surface 3 a of the flat part 3 , parallel to this flat part 3 .
  • the air exiting from this channel 18 is symbolised by the arrow in the direction of the rear end (not shown) of the bar.
  • This channel 18 can have a circular section, possibly with an input diameter, meaning at the bottom surface 3 b of the flat part 3 , that is greater than its output diameter, meaning at the top of the top surface 3 a of the flat part 3 .
  • the oxidising air is blown in an optimised manner to the rear, meaning in the direction of removal of the products.
  • FIG. 5 a schematically represents a grate formed from several bars assembled according to the invention, as seen from below.
  • grate 2 includes two groups 20 , 20 ′ each of three bars, 1 , 9 , 13 and 1 ′, 9 ′, 13 ′ respectively.
  • the central bar 1 or 1 ′ is mobile in relation to the lateral bars 9 , 13 or 9 ′, 13 ′ which remain fixed.
  • the movements of these central bars 1 , 1 ′ relatively to their respective adjoining bars 9 , 13 and 9 ′, 13 ′ are symbolised by arrows in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bars, in both directions.
  • Assembly of the bars in each group is effected by means of a dowelling or pinning technique 21 , 22 , 23 for group 20 , highlighted in the circled zone D, which will be described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 5 b , and 21 ′, 22 ′ and 23 ′ for group 20 ′.
  • FIG. 5 b therefore schematically represents zone D of the assembly of the three bars 1 , 9 , 13 of group 20 in FIG. 5 a , as seen from below.
  • Assembly is effected at the front ends of the bars by means of a dowelling or pinning technique that include a threaded axial rod 21 and two locking pins, one 22 at the level of a first lateral bar 9 with a right-hand thread, and the other 23 at the other lateral bar 13 with a left-hand thread.
  • the round heads of the pins 22 , 23 each have a locking flat part (reference 25 for pin 22 in FIG. 5 a ), and each fit into a circular housing (reference 26 for the head 24 of pin 22 in FIG. 5 a ) provided in the longitudinal projection of each bar 9 , 13 , with these circular housings each also having a locking flat part.
  • the role of these locking flats is in fact to lock the bars, both in rotation about the axis of the rod 21 , and in the translation of one neighbouring bar 9 in relation to the other neighbouring bar 13 .
  • each bar has a longitudinal extension at the rear in the form of a groove 27 of sufficient width to allow the passage of the rod 21 .
  • this assembly system by means of a dowelling or pinning technique provides for the freedom in translation of the central bar l, 1 ′ in each group 20 , 20 ′, between two extreme positions, in relation to the two lateral 9 , 13 and 9 ′, 13 ′ respectively.
  • the travel in translation of the central bars 1 , 1 ′ is limited by the length of the groove 27 .
  • the limited translation movement described above which is essential for efficient removal of the particles, which must not be pushed to the outside, as well as for effective and well distributed combustion on the grate, is rendered possible and controlled by the assembly system just described. All of the description above is given by way of an example, and does not limit the scope of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
US11/912,909 2005-05-03 2006-05-03 Grate Bar and Grate for a Step-Grate Stoker Abandoned US20080163860A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0504504 2005-05-03
FR0504504A FR2885403A1 (fr) 2005-05-03 2005-05-03 Barreau de grille et grille pour foyer a gradins solidaires
PCT/FR2006/000993 WO2006117478A1 (fr) 2005-05-03 2006-05-03 Barreau de grille et grille pour foyer a gradins solidaires

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080163860A1 true US20080163860A1 (en) 2008-07-10

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ID=35519958

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/912,909 Abandoned US20080163860A1 (en) 2005-05-03 2006-05-03 Grate Bar and Grate for a Step-Grate Stoker

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20080163860A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1877703A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008540988A (fr)
KR (1) KR20080020598A (fr)
CN (1) CN101180500A (fr)
AU (1) AU2006243134A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0610897A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2607137A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2885403A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20076182L (fr)
WO (1) WO2006117478A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9371996B2 (en) * 2010-09-09 2016-06-21 Tiska Gmbh Grate bar for a furnace comprising air ducts

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SE7713314L (sv) * 1976-12-17 1978-06-18 Rohm & Haas Artropodrepellenter
CN103791504B (zh) * 2014-02-24 2016-03-02 吕英 一种环保高效垃圾焚烧设备
FR3084444B1 (fr) * 2018-07-27 2020-06-26 Europeenne De Services Techniques Pour L'incineration Procede de midification d'une grille de four d'incineration, elements support de sommier et four d'incineration
CN110686263B (zh) * 2019-10-09 2023-12-22 科能亚太铸造（武汉）有限公司 一种焚烧装置用炉条
CN110925766B (zh) * 2019-12-13 2024-03-22 重庆科技学院 一种多刃复合固定炉排片
KR102625230B1 (ko) * 2023-01-27 2024-01-16 에이치엘에코텍 주식회사 화격자 블록, 스토커식 화격장치, 스토커식 소각로 및 폐기물 소각 시스템

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9371996B2 (en) * 2010-09-09 2016-06-21 Tiska Gmbh Grate bar for a furnace comprising air ducts
US9803858B2 (en) 2010-09-09 2017-10-31 Tiska Gmbh Grate bar for a furnace comprising engaging means
US10670266B2 (en) 2010-09-09 2020-06-02 Cronite Cz S.R.O. Grate bar for a furnace comprising engaging means

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Publication number Publication date
CA2607137A1 (fr) 2006-11-09
NO20076182L (no) 2008-01-30
KR20080020598A (ko) 2008-03-05
FR2885403A1 (fr) 2006-11-10
WO2006117478A1 (fr) 2006-11-09
JP2008540988A (ja) 2008-11-20
BRPI0610897A2 (pt) 2010-08-03
AU2006243134A1 (en) 2006-11-09
CN101180500A (zh) 2008-05-14
EP1877703A1 (fr) 2008-01-16

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