US20080092789A1 - Burner structure - Google Patents

Burner structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080092789A1
US20080092789A1 US11/907,652 US90765207A US2008092789A1 US 20080092789 A1 US20080092789 A1 US 20080092789A1 US 90765207 A US90765207 A US 90765207A US 2008092789 A1 US2008092789 A1 US 2008092789A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
portion nozzle
fuel
separator
low
particle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/907,652
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English (en)
Inventor
Ryuhei Takashima
Koutaro Fujimura
Akiyasu Okamoto
Takayuki Suto
Iwamaro Amano
Toshihiro Hirata
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Assigned to MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AMANO, IWAMARO, FUJIMURA, KOUTARO, HIRATA, TOSHIHIRO, OKAMOTO, AKIYASU, SUTO, TAKAYUKI, TAKASHIMA, RYUHEI
Publication of US20080092789A1 publication Critical patent/US20080092789A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/04—Burners producing cylindrical flames without centrifugal action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/20—Fuel flow guiding devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low combustibility fuel firing burner applicable to various types of combustion apparatuses that burn a low combustibility fuel such as a pulverized coal boiler.
  • a low combustibility fuel firing burner that burns a pulverized low combustibility fuel (hereinafter referred to as “burner”) has been used in pulverized coal boilers fired with a low combustibility fuel such as anthracite or petroleum coke in a fine powder form.
  • a low combustibility fuel such as anthracite or petroleum coke in a fine powder form.
  • a burner 10 A of the related art which burns a fuel that is pulverized coal obtained by pulverizing anthracite in a furnace 1 of a boiler is composed of a pulverized coal-air mixture system provided in the burner center and supplying a mixture of pulverized coal and a primary air set to about 100° C., and a secondary air system provided around the pulverized coal-air mixture system and supplying a secondary air set to about 300 to 350° C.
  • the primary air system includes a separator 20 A provided upstream of a burner portion for the purpose of improving an ignition performance.
  • the separator 20 A is based on the principle of a cyclone. Thus, a portion with many fuel particles (rich portion) and a portion with few fuel particles (lean portion) can be obtained.
  • the primary air system is branched to a rich portion nozzle 24 for introducing and burning a high-particle-concentration gas containing fuel particles in a high concentration and a lean portion nozzle 26 for introducing and burning a low-particle-concentration gas containing fuel particles in a low concentration.
  • the whole burner 10 A is inclined downwardly to improve the ignition performance.
  • the lean portion nozzle 26 is provided on the side of a furnace wall 2 that forms a furnace 1 and is thus put under an oxygen atmosphere to prevent slagging.
  • reference numeral 23 denotes a high-particle-concentration gas pipe for introducing a high-particle-concentration gas to the rich portion nozzle 24 ; and 25 from the separator 20 A, a low-particle-concentration gas pipe for introducing a low-particle-concentration gas to the lean portion nozzle 26 from the separator 20 A (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, Publication No. Hei 8-178210 ( FIG. 5 ), for instance).
  • an ignition performance or combustion stability might be affected thereby.
  • an ignition performance or combustion stability is affected also by interference of flames of adjacent nozzles.
  • a distribution rate of fuel particles is determined in accordance with a separation efficiency of the separator 20 A.
  • the separation efficiency of the separator 20 A is accordingly lowered due to a decrease in centrifugal force. Therefore, it is difficult to attain a desired distribution rate for the rich portion nozzle 24 and the lean portion nozzle 26 .
  • the above change in distribution rate and gas backflow, or the interference of flames of adjacent nozzles affects the ignition performance or combustion stability of the low combustibility fuel firing burner 10 A designed to distribute particles of a low combustibility fuel with the separator 20 A, so there is an increasing demand to develop a low combustibility fuel firing burner that overcomes the above problems.
  • the present invention has been accomplished in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a low combustibility fuel firing burner that can ensure high ignition performance and combustion stability even if a gas flow rate is changed along with changes in boiler load or the like.
  • the present invention adopts the following solutions with a view to attaining the above object.
  • a low combustibility fuel firing burner separates a pulverized low combustibility fuel supplied together with an air with a separator, distributes the separated fuel to a rich portion nozzle and a lean portion nozzle provided in a furnace, and burns the fuel, wherein a variable control part for changing a flow path sectional area is provided in at least one of a gas flow path extending from a downstream side of the separator and communicating with the rich portion nozzle and a gas flow path extending from the downstream side of the separator and communicating with the lean portion nozzle.
  • variable control part for changing a flow path sectional area is provided in at least one of the gas flow path communicating with the rich portion nozzle and the gas flow path communicating with the lean portion nozzle. Hence, a sectional area of a gas flow path is appropriately changed and adjusted to the optimum value in accordance with operation conditions such as partial load operations.
  • variable control part be a movable resistor provided in a gas flow path for supplying a high-particle-concentration gas from the separator to the rich portion nozzle.
  • a sectional area of a gas flow path for supplying a high-particle-concentration gas to the rich portion nozzle can be changed as appropriate.
  • a gas flow rate in the gas flow path for supplying a high-particle-concentration gas is adjusted in accordance with operation conditions, and a separation efficiency of the separator can be optimized in accordance with operation conditions such as partial load operations.
  • variable control part be a flow adjusting/blocking valve provided in a gas flow path for supplying a low-particle-concentration gas from the separator to the lean portion nozzle.
  • a sectional area of a gas flow path for supplying a low-particle-concentration gas to the lean portion nozzle can be changed from a full-open position to a totally-closed position as appropriate.
  • a gas flow rate in the gas flow path for supplying a low-particle-concentration gas can be adjusted in accordance with operation conditions, or the gas flow path can be closed when the burner is not used.
  • a wall against which a low combustibility fuel supplied into the separator collides be given a hardwearing finish.
  • a wear resistance of the wall against which slag, melted ash, and unburnt carbon collide is improved.
  • a low combustibility fuel firing burner separates a pulverized low combustibility fuel supplied together with an air with a separator, distributes the separated fuel to a rich portion nozzle and a lean portion nozzle provided in a furnace, and burns the fuel, wherein a blowoff angle of the rich portion nozzle and a blowoff angle of the lean portion nozzle are offset in a vertical direction.
  • a blowoff angle of the rich portion nozzle and a blowoff angle of the lean portion nozzle are offset in a vertical direction, so interference of flames of nozzles can be prevented.
  • a low combustibility fuel firing burner separates a pulverized low combustibility fuel supplied together with an air with a separator, distributes the separated fuel to a rich portion nozzle and a lean portion nozzle provided in a furnace, and burns the fuel, wherein a blowoff angle of the lean portion nozzle is offset to a furnace wall side in a horizontal direction.
  • a blowoff angle of the lean portion nozzle is offset to a furnace wall side in a horizontal direction, so it is possible to prevent slagging on a furnace wall as well as interference of flames of nozzles.
  • the low combustibility fuel firing burner structured to distribute fuel particles of a low combustibility fuel with a separator, it is possible to prevent changes in distribution rate in accordance with operation conditions or gas backflow, so high ignition performance and combustion stability can be ensured.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a low combustibility fuel firing burner according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a structural example of a separator and a primary air pipe of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a blowoff angle of a rich portion nozzle and a lean portion nozzle;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a low combustibility fuel firing burner of the related art.
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a blowoff angle of a rich portion nozzle and a lean portion nozzle of FIG. 4 .
  • a low combustibility fuel firing burner (hereinafter simply referred to as “burner”) 10 of FIGS. 1 to 3 is provided in, for example, a furnace 1 of a pulverized coal boiler or the like.
  • the burner 10 burns a powder (fine powder) of a low combustibility fuel supplied together with an air in the furnace 1 .
  • Specific examples of the low combustibility fuel include anthracite and petroleum coke.
  • the following description is directed to the burner 10 supplied with a fuel that is pulverized coal obtained by pulverizing anthracite as a low combustibility fuel.
  • the burner 10 is composed of a pulverized coal supply system supplied with pulverized coal together with a primary air at a relatively low temperature, about 100° C., and a secondary air system supplied with a secondary air at a relatively high temperature, about 300 to 350° C.
  • the pulverized coal supply system is positioned at almost the center of the burner 10 and provided with a separator 20 for distributing a mixture of a primary air and pulverized coal to a rich portion and a lean portion as described later for the purpose of improving an ignition performance.
  • the separator 20 has a cyclone structure that is based on centrifugal separation.
  • a primary air pipe 22 for supplying a mixed gas from a tangent line direction is connected to a side wall of an external cylinder 21 .
  • a high-particle-concentration gas pipe 23 is connected to a small diameter portion 21 a obtained by tapering the external cylinder 21 into a cone shape, and a rich portion nozzle 24 that is open to the furnace 1 is provided at its tip end.
  • a low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 is concentrically inserted into the external cylinder 21 .
  • the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 extends from the external cylinder 21 to the opposite side to the high-particle-concentration gas pipe 23 and makes a U-turn.
  • a lean nozzle 26 is provided adjacent to the rich portion nozzle 24 at substantially the same level, at a tip end of the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 .
  • an opening 25 a of the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 is positioned on the downstream side (rich portion nozzle 24 side) of a joint of the primary air pipe 22 in a flow direction of the mixed gas.
  • the lean portion nozzle 26 for burning a low-particle-concentration gas is provided on the side of a furnace wall 2 that forms the furnace 1 .
  • a variable control part for changing a flow path sectional area is provided in at least one of a gas flow path communicating with the rich portion nozzle 24 and a gas flow path communication with the lean portion nozzle 26 on the downstream side of the separator 20 .
  • a core 27 that is, for example, triangular in section is provided as a movable resistor that can reciprocate in a gas flow direction, in the small diameter portion 21 a connected to the high-particle-concentration gas pipe 23 for supplying a high-particle-concentration gas from the separator 20 to the rich portion nozzle 24 .
  • a sectional area of a flow path extending from the separator 20 to the high-particle-concentration gas pipe 23 is changed. In other words, a sectional area of a flow path of the high-particle-concentration gas pipe 23 is substantially changed.
  • the movable resistor is not limited to the illustrated core 27 .
  • a butterfly valve or other such members capable of changing a sectional area of a flow path of the high-particle-concentration gas pipe 23 can be used.
  • a flow adjusting/blocking valve 29 such as a butterfly valve is provided as the variable control part.
  • a secondary air supply path (secondary air pipe) 30 that communicates with the furnace 1 is provided around the rich portion nozzle 24 and the lean portion nozzle 26 so as to surround the two nozzles.
  • the secondary air supply path 30 serves as a secondary air system provided for supplying an air at relatively high temperatures to the both of the nozzles 24 and 26 .
  • a mixed gas supplied from the primary air pipe 22 flows while whirling around the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 in the external cylinder 21 to thereby centrifuge the mixture to a peripheral rich portion and a central lean portion.
  • a high-particle-concentration gas containing pulverized coal in a high particle concentration flows in a gas flow direction while whirling around the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 , and is guided to the rich portion nozzle 24 through the small diameter portion 21 a and the high-particle-concentration gas pipe 23 .
  • a low-particle-concentration gas containing pulverized coal in a low particle concentration flows in a gas flow direction while whirling around the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 and then makes a U-turn to the opening 25 a of the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 , and is guided to the lean portion nozzle 26 through the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 .
  • a distribution rate of fuel particles suitable in the case of using pulverized coal obtained by pulverizing anthracite as a fuel that is, a distribution rate of fuel particles suitable to keep high ignition performance and combustion stability
  • about 93% of pulverized coal and about 50% of air in the total amount of mixed gas are distributed to the rich portion nozzle 24
  • about 7% of pulverized coal and 50% of air in the total amount of mixed gas are distributed to the lean portion nozzle 26 .
  • the distribution rate of fuel particles is changed, so a predetermined distribution rate of fuel particles is kept by adjusting the core 27 position.
  • the opening 25 a of the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 is designed to obtain a desired distribution rate of fuel particles with an amount of mixed gas supplied under predetermined operation conditions such as rated operations.
  • a supply of the mixed gas is decreased, an amount of pulverized coal distributed to the high-particle-concentration gas side tends to decrease due to reduction in centrifugal force.
  • the core 27 is moved in the arrow 28 direction in accordance with the decrease in mixed gas supply to thereby increase a sectional area of a flow path communicating with the high-particle-concentration gas pipe 23 from the separator 20 .
  • a resistance of the flow path extending to the rich portion nozzle 24 is lowered, and an amount of pulverized coal distributed to the rich portion nozzle 24 side is increased.
  • a distribution rate of pulverized coal is adjusted to a predetermined value.
  • the distribution rate can be adjusted by controlling the flow adjusting/blocking valve 29 provided in the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 .
  • the flow adjusting/blocking valve 29 is closed in accordance with the decrease in mixed gas supply to thereby reduce a sectional area of a flow path of the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 .
  • a resistance of a flow path extending to the lean portion nozzle 26 is increased, while a resistance of a flow path extending to the rich portion nozzle 24 is relatively decreased, so an amount of pulverized coal distributed to the rich portion nozzle 24 side is increased, and a distribution rate of pulverized coal is adjusted to a predetermined value.
  • the flow adjusting/blocking valve 29 is opened in accordance with the increase in mixed gas supply to thereby increase a sectional area of a flow path of the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 .
  • a resistance of a flow path extending to the lean portion nozzle 26 is decreased, while a resistance of a flow path extending to the rich portion nozzle 24 is relatively increased, so an amount of pulverized coal distributed to the rich portion nozzle 24 side is decreased, and a distribution rate of pulverized coal is adjusted to a predetermined value.
  • the distribution rate of pulverized coal can be adjusted by moving the core 27 or opening/closing the flow adjusting/blocking valve 29 , so at least one of the core 27 and the flow adjusting/blocking valve 29 has only to be provided. However, both of the core 27 and the flow adjusting/blocking valve 29 may be moved at the same time to adjust the rate.
  • the flow adjusting/blocking valve 29 is totally closed, the low-particle-concentration gas pipe 25 can be blocked. Hence, it is possible to prevent backflow from the lean portion nozzle 26 to the separator 20 side, for example, if the burner 10 is not used.
  • the external cylinder 21 of the separator 20 has an area against which pulverized particles flowing therein from the primary air pipe 22 at high speeds collide.
  • a wear-resistant wall 21 b that is optionally given a hardwearing finish is formed as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the hardwearing finish include bonding with a ceramic material or wear-resistant hardfacing (25Cr cast iron, CHR-3, etc.).
  • a wear resistance is improved by forming the wear-resistant wall 21 b , so even if pulverized coal particles collide against the cylinder, the cylinder does not thin out at an early stage, and a durability of the separator 20 can be improved.
  • the lean portion nozzle 26 is provided close to the furnace wall 2 side.
  • the lean portion nozzle 26 is preferably attached with an offset relative to the furnace wall 2 side in a horizontal direction. That is, as shown in the plane view of FIG. 1 , a blowoff angle of the lean portion nozzle 26 is offset from that of the rich portion nozzle 24 that ejects a gas in a direction parallel to the furnace wall 2 as viewed in the horizontal direction of FIG. 1 , and an ejection direction of the lean portion nozzle 26 is directed toward the furnace wall 2 side.
  • a preferred blowoff angle Oh is about 10 degrees; the blowoff angle Oh is an angle offset from the rich portion nozzle 24 toward the furnace wall 2 side with respect to the horizontal direction.
  • the blowoff angle of the lean portion nozzle 26 is offset to the furnace wall 2 side in the horizontal direction, it is possible to prevent interference of flames of the adjacent rich portion nozzle 24 and lean portion nozzle 26 , and a fuel can be continuously burned under satisfactory conditions with a small loss. In addition, an ignition performance can be improved. Moreover, the ejection direction of the lean portion nozzle 26 is directed to the furnace wall 2 side due to the offset, so slagging as adherence of foreign materials such as coal ash to the furnace 1 wall can be suppressed.
  • the lean portion nozzle 26 is provided close to the furnace wall 2 side.
  • the lean portion nozzle 26 is preferably attached with an offset between the blowoff angle of the rich portion nozzle 24 and the blowoff angle of the lean portion nozzle 26 in the vertical direction. More specifically, it is preferred to set the ejection direction of the lean portion nozzle 26 to a horizontal direction, and to tilt the rich portion nozzle 24 downwardly by a predetermined blowoff angle ⁇ v.
  • a preferred inclination angle ⁇ v of the rich portion nozzle 24 is approximately ⁇ 10 degrees to 30 degrees, most preferably, 30 degrees on the provision that an angle increases (+) as a distance from the horizontal position as a reference position increases. This is because if the inclination angle ⁇ v is larger than 30 degrees, interference of flames of adjacent upper and lower nozzles 24 occurs this time.
  • An offset is set between the blowoff angles of the rich portion nozzle 24 and the lean portion nozzle 26 in the vertical direction as described above, making it possible to prevent interference of flames of the adjacent rich portion nozzle 24 and lean portion nozzle 26 . Hence, a fuel can be continuously burned under satisfactory conditions with a small loss, and an ignition performance can be improved.
  • blowoff angles of the rich portion nozzle 24 and the lean portion nozzle 26 have offsets in vertical and horizontal directions, interference of flames can be prevented more easily.
  • the core 27 or the flow adjusting/blocking valve 29 is moved to prevent changes in distribution rate in accordance with operation conditions and gas backflow, so high ignition performance and combustion stability can be ensured. Further, an offset is set between ejection directions of the rich portion nozzle 24 and the lean portion nozzle 26 to prevent interference of flames of adjacent nozzles to thereby ensure high ignition performance and combustion stability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
US11/907,652 2006-10-20 2007-10-16 Burner structure Abandoned US20080092789A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006286692A JP5021999B2 (ja) 2006-10-20 2006-10-20 難燃性燃料用バーナ
JP2006-286692 2006-10-20

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US20080092789A1 true US20080092789A1 (en) 2008-04-24

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US11/907,652 Abandoned US20080092789A1 (en) 2006-10-20 2007-10-16 Burner structure

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US (1) US20080092789A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP1916476A3 (ko)
JP (1) JP5021999B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR100951214B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN101165400A (ko)
CA (1) CA2608051C (ko)
CL (1) CL2007002944A1 (ko)
MX (1) MX2007012952A (ko)
TW (1) TWI429853B (ko)

Cited By (3)

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CN107152678A (zh) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-12 山西三合盛节能环保技术股份有限公司 一种增强分流增浓的煤粉解耦燃烧器及燃烧方法
IT201900020510A1 (it) * 2019-11-06 2021-05-06 Ac Boilers S P A Gruppo bruciatore, metodo per operare detto gruppo bruciatore e impianto comprendente detto gruppo bruciatore
US20220003408A1 (en) * 2019-04-10 2022-01-06 Tsinghua University Reverse-jet swirl pulverized coal burner with multi-stage recirculations

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CN101881441B (zh) * 2010-06-18 2013-03-27 王兴道 煤粉气化燃烧水解助燃装置及方法
US8882400B2 (en) * 2010-10-29 2014-11-11 General Electric Company Solids feeder discharge port
GB201502891D0 (en) * 2015-02-20 2015-04-08 Doosan Babcock Ltd Downshot burner

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107152678A (zh) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-12 山西三合盛节能环保技术股份有限公司 一种增强分流增浓的煤粉解耦燃烧器及燃烧方法
US20220003408A1 (en) * 2019-04-10 2022-01-06 Tsinghua University Reverse-jet swirl pulverized coal burner with multi-stage recirculations
US12117168B2 (en) * 2019-04-10 2024-10-15 Tsinghua University Reverse-jet swirl pulverized coal burner with multi-stage recirculations
IT201900020510A1 (it) * 2019-11-06 2021-05-06 Ac Boilers S P A Gruppo bruciatore, metodo per operare detto gruppo bruciatore e impianto comprendente detto gruppo bruciatore
EP3819540A1 (en) 2019-11-06 2021-05-12 AC Boilers S.p.A. Burner assembly, method for said burner assembly and plant comprising said burner assembly

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MX2007012952A (es) 2009-02-13
KR20080035966A (ko) 2008-04-24
EP1916476A3 (en) 2013-02-27
JP5021999B2 (ja) 2012-09-12
CA2608051C (en) 2013-01-08
KR100951214B1 (ko) 2010-04-06
TWI429853B (zh) 2014-03-11
JP2008101883A (ja) 2008-05-01
TW200829833A (en) 2008-07-16
CA2608051A1 (en) 2008-04-20
CL2007002944A1 (es) 2008-05-30
EP1916476A2 (en) 2008-04-30

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