US20080070234A1 - Measuring Range Extension of Chromatographic Rapid Tests - Google Patents

Measuring Range Extension of Chromatographic Rapid Tests Download PDF

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US20080070234A1
US20080070234A1 US11/853,100 US85310007A US2008070234A1 US 20080070234 A1 US20080070234 A1 US 20080070234A1 US 85310007 A US85310007 A US 85310007A US 2008070234 A1 US2008070234 A1 US 2008070234A1
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analyte
signal
specific substance
reaction time
quantitative determination
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Jurgen Spinke
Marcel Thiele
Jurgen Schaffler
Andreas Nufer
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Roche Diagnostics Operations Inc
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Roche Diagnostics Operations Inc
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Assigned to ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS OPERATIONS, INC. reassignment ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS OPERATIONS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS GMBH
Assigned to ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS GMBH reassignment ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NUFER, ANDREAS, SCHAFFLER, JURGEN, SPINKE, JURGEN, THIELE, MARCEL
Publication of US20080070234A1 publication Critical patent/US20080070234A1/en
Priority to US14/330,179 priority Critical patent/US9285376B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • G01N33/54386—Analytical elements
    • G01N33/54387—Immunochromatographic test strips
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/74—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving hormones or other non-cytokine intercellular protein regulatory factors such as growth factors, including receptors to hormones and growth factors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/5306—Improving reaction conditions, e.g. reduction of non-specific binding, promotion of specific binding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/557—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using kinetic measurement, i.e. time rate of progress of an antigen-antibody interaction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to methods and devices for the quantitative determination of an analyte in a sample and, in particular, to methods for extending the quantitative measuring range of an analyte in a sample, and test devices employing same.
  • a widespread analytical method for the rapid determination of analytes such as, for example, drugs, pregnancy hormones; infectious diseases or cardiac markers utilizes immunological test strips.
  • qualitative tests that are read purely visually e.g., Roche CARDIAC® D-dimer, Trop T sensitive, etc.
  • quantitative tests that are evaluated by means of a reading device e.g., Elecsys® proBNP, Roche CARDIAC® proBNP, etc.
  • test strips are characterized in particular by their easy handling.
  • the test strips are usually based on the fact that the test strip contains a reagent which leads to a detectable signal by reaction with the analyte in the sample.
  • the detectable signal is usually determined by reflectance measurement after a specified time period.
  • the time period between contacting the analyte and reagent and measuring the signal is chosen to be as long as possible. This ensures a long reaction time between the reagent and analyte and thus ensures the highest possible sensitivity of such test strips.
  • reaction kinetics it is no longer possible after such a long reaction period to quantitatively determine analytes which are present in a high concentration in a sample.
  • test strips still have considerable weaknesses with regard to their performance compared to conventional laboratory analytical systems such as, e.g., Elecsys® (Roche Diagnostics), IM (Abbott), Dimension ⁇ (Dade Behring).
  • Elecsys® Roche Diagnostics
  • IM Abbott
  • Dimension ⁇ Density of the measuring range
  • a test or a method could be provided which, due to its high sensitivity, could, on the one hand, enable certain diseases to be reliably excluded but, on the other hand, would also provide a large measuring range.
  • a large measuring range for an analyte is particularly desirable for risk stratification and for therapeutic monitoring.
  • a measuring range extension of tests would be particularly desirable for those pathological conditions in which the concentration of an analyte or marker that is characteristic for the condition correlates with the severity of the pathological condition.
  • An elevated marker concentration e.g., NT-proBNP
  • the present invention provides certain unobvious advantages and advancements over the prior art.
  • the inventors have recognized a need for improvements in methods for extending the quantitative measuring range of an analyte in a sample.
  • the present invention is not limited to specific advantages or functionality, it is noted that the methods according to the invention enable the upper limit of the measuring range to be increased by more than three-fold compared to the known methods of the prior art. The methods according to the invention thus improve the diagnostic competence of the attending physician.
  • the extended measuring range of a test according to the invention may also enable additional, often laborious tests (e.g., invasive diagnostic methods, etc.) to be dispensed with.
  • the methods according to the invention enable a more rapid determination of concentrations than methods or tests that have been described in the prior art especially with high analyte concentrations in a sample. Since, for example, the blood levels of NT-proBNP correlate with the degree of cardiac dysfunction, the methods according to the invention allow a more rapid assessment of the cardiospecific status of a patient in emergency situations. This gives rise to the advantage that when acute cardiac events occur such as for example an acute myocardial infarction, patients can be identified and adequately treated at an earlier time than is the case with the current diagnostic procedures.
  • the methods according to the invention and the ability to make a more rapid diagnosis especially in the case of an acute cardiac event enable the attending physician to more rapidly initiate appropriate countermeasures and can thus reduce other cardiac complications and the mortality rate.
  • a method for the quantitative determination of an analyte in a sample comprising:
  • the method can further comprise:
  • steps (f)(ii), (g) and (h)(i) of the method can be repeated as often as desired.
  • these steps are repeated two or three times, i.e., two or three calibration graphs for two or three predetermined reaction times are generated or provided.
  • a method for the quantitative determination of an analyte in a sample comprising:
  • an empirical concentration limit is defined in a typical embodiment on the basis of the at least two calibration graphs that are provided. Analyte concentrations which exceed this limit are evaluated according to the shorter of the two reaction times whereas analyte concentrations which fall below this limit are determined according to the longer of the two reaction times. If it is found that the analyte concentration exceeds the limit after the short reaction time, i.e., a high analyte concentration is determined, the method can be stopped at this time.
  • FIG. 1 shows the reflectance kinetics of CARDIAC® proBNP after 6 min, 8 min and 12 min.
  • the reflectance [%] is plotted against the concentration of proBNP [pg/ml] which was determined by the Elecsys® proBNP reference test.
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparison between the method according to an embodiment of the present invention using a CARDIAC® proBNP test strip and the Elecsys® proBNP test.
  • a liquid sample typically derived from body fluid is used.
  • a blood, plasma, serum, saliva or urine sample is more typically used.
  • the analyte to be determined quantitatively is typically selected from nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and in particular from DNA, RNA, antibodies, antigens, metabolic products, hormones, viruses, microorganisms, cells, cardio-specific markers, neurohormonal markers, ischaemic markers and muscle-specific markers.
  • lipids include cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
  • a typical carbohydrate analyte is glucose.
  • enzymes to be determined include alkaline phosphatase and amylase.
  • Uric acid, bilirubin and urobilinogen are examples of typical metabolic products.
  • neurohormonal markers include atrial (A-type) natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal fragments of the respective propeptides NT-ProANP and NT-ProBNP.
  • ischaemic markers examples include ischaemically modified albumin (IMA), fatty acid binding protein, free fatty acid, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB and sphingosine-1-phosphate.
  • IMA ischaemically modified albumin
  • fatty acid binding protein free fatty acid
  • free fatty acid free fatty acid
  • pregnancy-associated plasma protein A glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB
  • sphingosine-1-phosphate examples include ischaemically modified albumin (IMA), fatty acid binding protein, free fatty acid, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB and sphingosine-1-phosphate.
  • CK-MB creatine kinase MB
  • CD40 is a typical example of marker for platelet activation.
  • Typical cardiospecific ischaemic-necrotic markers are troponin T or troponin I.
  • At least one cardiac marker or cardio-specific marker is determined which can in turn be selected from troponin T, myoglobin, D-dimer and NT-proBNP.
  • the analyte-specific substance is typically selected from receptors, antibodies, antigens, lectin, nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogues that can bind to the analyte.
  • the analyte-specific substance is typically additionally coupled to a detection reagent or to an enzyme which generates a detectable signal when it binds to the analyte.
  • the binding of the analyte to the analyte-specific substance leads, by means of a reaction, directly to a detectable signal.
  • a substrate can be added after the analyte has bound to the analyte-specific substance, said substrate being converted either by the analyte or by the analyte-specific substance while emitting a detectable signal.
  • Typical detection systems are for example colloidal metal particles, in particular, gold, fluorescent nanoparticles, e.g., latex, up-converting phosphors, quantum dots or superparamagnetic particles.
  • analyte BNP or NT-proBNP which are typically determined according to the invention is for example described in Struthers (Eur. Heart J. 20 (1999), 1374-1375), Hunt et al., Clin. Endocrinol. 47 (1997, 287-296), Talwar et al. (Eur. Heart J. 20 (1999), 1736-1744), and in EP-0 648 228 and WO 00/45176.
  • reaction between the analyte and analyte-specific substance is an immunological reaction.
  • a “calibration graph” in the sense of the present invention is understood as a function which is derived by allocating defined amounts of test analyte to defined parameters that describe the detectable signal. In this process a defined amount of test analyte is allocated to a parameter describing a defined signal in this process. Average values which are derived from a plurality of typically independent measurements can also be used to generate calibration graphs.
  • the parameters describing the detectable signal are typically parameters which describe an absorption or emission of light of any wavelength as a result of the reaction of the analyte with the analyte-specific substance.
  • Typical examples of the parameters describing the signal are reflectance emission and absorption values.
  • magnetic particles it is also for example possible to use magnetic particles so that magnetic fields (magnetic field states) also come into consideration as parameters describing the signal.
  • the parameters describing the detectable signal are typically measured by reacting the in each case same analyte-specific substance with different amounts of the in each case same analyte for in each case a predetermined reaction time. For this the respective amount of the in each case same test analyte is reacted with the in each case same analyte-specific substance and the detectable signal is measured after the predetermined reaction time. This means that in each case the same analyte-specific substance and the in each case same test analyte are used in different amounts to generate a calibration graph.
  • test analyte i.e., different individual reactions and, more typically, 10 to 40 individual reactions and, most typically, 10 to 25 individual reactions are carried out for a corresponding number of allocations of test analyte amount to signal-describing parameter per predetermined reaction time in order to generate a calibration graph.
  • the experimentally determined values can also be subjected to a kinetic evaluation process in which case the values determined by the evaluation process can be used to generate the calibration graph.
  • test analyte and the analyte to be detected quantitatively are typically identical.
  • the generated calibration graphs are used as a basis for checking whether the measured signal which results from the reaction of the analyte-specific substance with the analyte in the sample is sufficient for a quantitative determination of the analyte with a desired accuracy.
  • the accuracy can be checked using any evaluation procedures known in the special field which take into account signal amplitude or precision.
  • the signal measured after a predetermined reaction time between the analyte and analytic-specific substance is compared with the calibration graph provided for the corresponding predetermined reaction time.
  • the desired accuracy for the amount of analyte to be determined is achieved when the observed calibration graph has the greatest slope for the corresponding amount of test analyte out of all predetermined calibration curves.
  • the at least two predefined reaction times for determining the calibration graphs are selected such that higher concentrations of analyte in the sample can be detected and also the required test sensitivity is achieved.
  • too few complexes and typically immune complexes are formed and the sensitivity of the test is lost.
  • substantially more complexes are available so that even with short reaction times clear signals and high signal intensities can be detected.
  • the quantitative measuring range of the reaction between analyte and analyte-specific substance is considerably increased by combining a long reaction time which ensures the required sensitivity with a short reaction time, which is used to detect higher concentrations.
  • a long reaction time with regard to the reaction of analyte and analyte-specific substance is selected as a predetermined reaction time after which the reaction between the analyte and analyte-specific substance is in a saturation range or a stationary state.
  • predetermined reaction times are typically selected to be correspondingly shorter so that the reaction between the analyte-specific substance and analyte at these predetermined short reaction times is not in a saturation range or a stationary state.
  • a time which corresponds to approximately half of the long reaction time is typically selected as at least one short reaction time.
  • the analyte-specific substance is typically provided on any support, typically a test strip or rapid test strip (also referred to as a reagent carrier or device). Moreover, the analyte or analytes can of course also be determined in liquid tests. However, a determination on test devices (test carriers, above all test strips) is typical on which the analyte-specific substances or reagents used to determine the analyte are located in one or more zones in a dry—and after contact with the sample dissolvable—form where the detectable signal is detected in a detection zone and typically in a separate area of the detection zone. All commercially available test strips which in particular are suitable for quantitatively determining an analyte after a predetermined fixed time value can be used in the method according to the invention.
  • the limits of the measuring range of the test strip that is used can be extended by a factor of between about 2 and about 5 and typically of more than about 3 by the method according to the invention.
  • analytes are qualitatively and/or quantitatively determined on the same support in addition to the analyte that is to be determined quantitatively. Then correspondingly more analyte-specific substances are present on the support.
  • detection reagents coupled to analyte-specific substances which enable a quantitative or qualitative determination of all analytes by means of a single test format, for example, an enzymatic test, an electrochemiluminescence test, a fluorescence or absorption test, or a turbidimetric test.
  • detection reagents for the different analyte-specific substances may be present on a single test strip.
  • Roche® CARDIAC proBNP test strip is used.
  • the measuring range of the Roche CARDIAC® proBNP test strip which is in a range of between about 60 and about 3000 pg/ml can be extended by the method according to the invention to a range of between about 60 and about 10000 pg/ml.
  • a typical embodiment of the present invention therefore concerns the quantitative determination of an analyte concentration wherein the analyte is in turn typically selected from troponin T, myoglobin, D-dimer and NT-proBNP.
  • NT-proBNP the determination is for example carried out in a range of between about 3000 and about 10000 pg/ml with a short reaction time between analyte-specific substance and analyte of between about 3 and about 9 minutes and typically about 8 minutes.
  • the determination of NT-proBNP in a concentration range of between about 60 and about 3000 pg/ml is typically carried out with a long reaction time of between about 10 and about 15 minutes and typically about 12 minutes.
  • the detectable signal which results from the reaction between analyte and analyte-specific substance is typically quantitatively determined by optical methods and, in particular, by reflection photometric or fluorimetric detection or electrochemical luminescence.
  • Other typical quantitative methods of determination include measurements of a change in dielectric constants, conductivity measurements, changes in magnetic fields or a change in the angle of the optical rotation of polarized light.
  • the method is carried out in an automated form, typically in an automated analyser.
  • Another aspect of the present invention concerns a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • This device comprises a storage element on which the calibration graphs generated once for an analyte are stored.
  • storage elements include all common data carriers such as ROM keys, hard drives, CDs, disks, DVDs, USB sticks, etc.
  • the stored calibration graphs can then be provided for the consecutive quantitative determination of a plurality of analyte samples.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to identify patients with acute coronary syndrome and for improving the early detection of acute coronary events, for example to improve the early detection of acute myocardial infarction.
  • Calibration graphs after 6, 8 and 12 minutes reaction time were generated using a Roche CARDIAC® proBNP test strip.
  • the respective amounts of proBNP were determined by the Elecsys® proBNP reference method ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the calibration graphs show that the slope decreases as the reaction time decreases. As a consequence the signal amplitude and thus the sensitivity increases at higher concentrations of more than 3000 pg/ml.
  • a method comparison between the CARDIAC® proBNP test used according to the invention and the Elecsys® proBNP test ( FIG. 2 ) is obtained by evaluating the concentration ranges of 60-2800 pg/ml after 12 minutes and concentrations of more than 2800 pg/ml (which corresponds to an empirically determined or defined reflectance value) after 8 minutes.
  • the term “substantially” is utilized herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation.
  • the term “substantially” is also utilized herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject at issue.

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US11/853,100 2006-09-11 2007-09-11 Measuring Range Extension of Chromatographic Rapid Tests Abandoned US20080070234A1 (en)

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EP06019008A EP1909206A1 (de) 2006-09-11 2006-09-11 Messbereichserweiterung chromatografischer Schnellteste
EP06019008.9 2006-09-11

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WO2014096184A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Method for analyzing a sample of a body fluid
WO2014096174A1 (en) 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Method for evaluating medical measurement curves
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CN107505299A (zh) * 2017-09-04 2017-12-22 中国人民解放军第三军医大学 一种从尿液中检测骨骼肌微损伤标志物肌红蛋白的方法
KR20190076624A (ko) * 2017-12-22 2019-07-02 삼성전자주식회사 검사 장치 및 그 제어방법

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US20110129936A1 (en) * 2008-08-13 2011-06-02 Eberhard Spanuth D-dimer, troponin, and nt-probnp for pulmonary embolism
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US9285376B2 (en) 2016-03-15
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ES2533467T3 (es) 2015-04-10
JP4823178B2 (ja) 2011-11-24
CA2600221A1 (en) 2008-03-11
CN101144810A (zh) 2008-03-19
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JP2008070366A (ja) 2008-03-27
HK1118608A1 (en) 2009-02-13

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