US20080040893A1

US20080040893A1 - Combing means for a comb of a combing machine

Info

Publication number: US20080040893A1
Application number: US11/812,775
Authority: US
Inventors: Werner Strasser
Original assignee: Graf und Cie AG
Current assignee: Graf und Cie AG
Priority date: 2006-06-23
Filing date: 2007-06-21
Publication date: 2008-02-21
Also published as: BRPI0702960A; EP1870498B1; CN101092765A; CN101092765B; EP1870498A2; DE102006030763A1; DE502007004620D1; JP2008002053A; EP1870498A3; JP5121321B2

Abstract

Toothed clothing for a comb of a combing machine as well a process for producing same is described. The toothed clothing includes a plurality of adjacently arranged teeth, which form at least one teeth row orientated transversely to the working direction. The teeth of the clothing are formed from the solid and are made in one piece to form a tooth bar. In addition, a top comb and a circular comb for a combing machine having such toothed clothings are also described. The toothed clothings hereby include one or more teeth rows.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the priority of Germany patent Application No. 10 2006 030 763.1, filed Jun. 23, 2006, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to toothed clothing for a comb of a combing machine including a plurality of adjacently arranged teeth, which form at least one teeth row orientated transversely to the working direction, and also relates to a process for producing same.
The present invention relates further to a top comb and a circular comb having such toothed clothing.
For the purpose of the present invention, the terms “adjacently to one another” are used, in order to demonstrate the positions of the teeth and teeth rows to one another. The terms refer always to the working direction of the teeth and should be understood as if the viewer were looking along the clothing in the working direction of the comb.
Because of prior use in a plurality of combing machines to be found on the market, top combs are known which comprise a base body and a teeth row. The teeth row consists of individual teeth, which during production of the top comb are stamped out individually and inserted into the base body. The base body of the top comb comprises a groove, which extends transversely to the working direction, in which groove the individual teeth are inserted adjacently to one another. The teeth are fixed in the groove by way of a caulking process.
Furthermore, circular combs are known in which the toothed clothings consist of short sections of a wire toothed clothing. The wire toothed clothings are bent according to the curve of the circular comb and then fragmented into short segments. The segments that comprise several teeth are layered adjacently to one another over the working width of the circular comb and adhered to a base body of the circular comb.
The known embodiment has the disadvantage in that the adjacently lying teeth of a teeth row consist of individual parts and therefore have large tolerances in their position and orientation, so that the exactness of the toothed clothings is not particularly high.
In addition, the wear behavior of such combs is irregular, as the teeth can only be hardened in the area of their tips. In the area of the tooth base, the material must be formable, as in the production of the top comb the teeth are stamped individually out of the wire and in the production of the circular comb the wire clothing must be bent according to the curve.
It is an object of the present invention to increase the exactness of the toothed clothing and to improve its wear behavior.
This object has been achieved in accordance with the present invention in that the toothed clothing is designed with its teeth in the form of a one-piece tooth bar. In the process this object has been achieved in that the teeth of the toothed clothing are made from the solid.
The forming in one piece of a plurality of adjacently arranged teeth of a toothed clothing has the advantage in that the exactness of the teeth, in regard to the geometry of their outer contours and in regard to their position to one another, is significantly increased. A particularly advantageous wear behavior can be achieved in that the teeth are hardened evenly over their entire height, in particular right down to the area of the tooth base and in the areas between the tooth bases. The semi-finished product of the toothed clothing can be hardened or tempered before the teeth are formed. The deformations that inevitably occur during hardening are eliminated again in the subsequent process of shaping the teeth. The shaping of the teeth from the solid can be carried out advantageously by milling, grinding or eroding, for example by way of wire eroding. It can also be advantageous to use a combination of the above named processes, for example in that the outer contours are formed by way grinding—as seen transversely to the working direction of the teeth—while the grooves extending in working direction between two teeth—which form the teeth gaps—are formed by eroding. If required, the toothed clothing can be deburred in a further procedural step after the teeth are formed. Deburring can occur advantageously either by electrolytic or chemical means.
In an embodiment of the present invention, it can be advantageous to use a drawn profile as a semi-finished product for the tooth bar, on which the teeth of the toothed clothing are subsequently shaped. The outer contour—as seen transversely to the subsequent working direction of the teeth—can be adapted in advance to the finished tooth bar, so that when the teeth are being shaped, for example by way of grinding, no unnecessary amounts of waste material have to be removed. With the according exactness of the drawn profile, it can be advantageous that the drawn profile of the tooth bar already partly forms—as seen transversely to the working direction of the teeth—the outer contours of the teeth, and that the outer contour of the teeth—as seen transversely to the working direction—have only been partly subsequently ground. The grooves extending in the working direction of the teeth, which form practically the spaces between two teeth, are then shaped from the solid of the drawn profile.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, it can be advantageous for the toothed clothing for a circular comb that a plurality of teeth rows are shaped out of the circumference of a hollow cylinder, which are orientated parallel to the middle axis, and that the hollow cylinder is subsequently fragmented into a plurality of segments. The hollow cylinder has hereby the same radius as the circular comb, so that a segment separated out of the circumference of the hollow cylinder can be applied to a base body of the circular comb. The production of the toothed clothing as a circular hollow cylinder is, in particular, advantageous in the shaping of the teeth by grinding, as a rotationally symmetric part can be easily produced on a grinding machine. Hollow cylinders having a variety of toothed clothing can be produced, which comprise teeth of various sizes. The hollow cylinders are then divided into segments of the required length, so that the desired number of teeth rows is present on the segment-shaped tooth bar. A number of segment-shaped tooth bars, each having various sized teeth, can be arranged on the base body of the circular comb, in order to achieve the necessary combing effect of the circular comb.
Depending on the working width of the combing machine, it can be advantageous, instead of one tooth bar extending over the entire working width, to have a number of tooth bars arranged adjacently to one another over the working width of the top comb or of the circular comb. In this case, the entire teeth row extending transversely to the working direction of the teeth is not made from one piece; however, despite this, each tooth bar still includes a plurality of adjacently arranged teeth. The exactness is thus still significantly higher than in the case of the known embodiment, in which the adjacent teeth of a teeth row are formed by individual parts arranged adjoining one another.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, it can be advantageous that the tooth bar includes fixing mechanisms. The fixing mechanisms are hereby optional and could be, for example, pegs, grooves or holes, which would permit caulking, injection moulding or bolting with a base body or with another part of the combing machine. An area of the surface of the tooth bar is also to be understood as a fixing mechanism, which serves to adhere the toothed clothing. The present invention permits, in particular, a top comb to be designed in such a way that the base body always required up to now can be omitted. The top comb consists then only of a tooth bar made in one piece, in which the teeth are shaped and can be mounted by way of their fixing mechanism directly onto the top comb carrier of the combing machine.
In a further embodiment of the invention, it can be advantageous that the teeth of the toothed clothing include a coating. The coating can, for example, be a nickel coating, in which hard material particles such as diamond can be optionally embedded. A plasma or PVD coating can also be advantageous.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description thereof when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic and only partly shown cross section of a combing machine;
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a top comb as shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a view of a top comb in the direction of the arrow III of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of a circular comb as shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 shows a view of a toothed clothing of FIG. 4 along the intersectional surface V-V of FIG. 4;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The combing machine shown partly in FIG. 1 includes as essential component parts combing nippers 1, two break roller pairs 2 and 3, a circular comb 4 and a top comb 5. The combing nippers 1 include two moveable nipping elements 6 and 7, to which a fiber material 8 is fed in feed direction A by way of a driveable feed roller 9. The aim of the combing machine is to improve the quality of the fiber material 8, in that the percentage of trash particles and short fibers is reduced by the combing process. The break roller pairs 2 and 3 consist each of a reversible driveable bottom roller and a top roller pressed flexibly there against. The break roller pairs 2, 3 guide the combed fiber material 10 in the direction of the arrow B to the further known processing stages. The circular comb 4 is fastened to a circular comb carrier 11, which can be rotated in working direction C via a circular comb axle 12. The circular comb 4 includes toothed clothings 14 on its side facing the fiber material 8 to be combed. The top comb 5 is attached to a top comb carrier 13 in an adjustable way and also includes a toothed clothing denoted with the reference number 15. The device 16 for fixing the top comb 5 permits adjustments of the top comb 5 transversely to the fiber material 8, so that the penetration depth of the top comb 5 is variable. The device 16 for fixing could advantageously be realized by use of bolts placed into slotted holes in the top comb 5.
The combing nippers 1, the feed roller 9 and the top comb carrier 13 are applied to a carrier 17 moveable in the direction of the double arrow D-E, which carrier is denoted in FIG. 1 by a broken line. The distance between the back break roller 2 and the combing nippers 1 and the top comb 5 changes, caused by the alternating movements of the carrier 17.
In the phase of the process shown in FIG. 1, the carrier 17 is located in a position which is closest to the break roller pair 2. The top comb 5 has penetrated into the fiber material 8 and the combing nippers 1 are still open. The carrier 17 moves in the arrow direction D away from the break roller pair 2. The top comb 5 thus combs the fiber material 8 in working direction F. The break roller pair 2 and 3 rotate and transport the combed fiber material 10 in draw-off direction B. The fiber material 8 tears between the top comb 5 and the break roller pair 2. The free end of the fiber material 8 falls out of the top comb 5 in the direction of the circular comb carrier 11. The position of the free end of the fiber material 8 is denoted in FIG. 1 by a broken line and by the reference number 8′.
During this movement of the carrier 17, the combing nippers 1 close and the fiber material 8 is nipped between the nipping elements 6 and 7. The rotational movement of the circular comb carrier 11 in working direction C is determined in such a way that the initial area of the circular comb 4 reaches the free end 8′ of the fiber material 8 projecting out of the combing nippers 1, as soon as the combing nippers 1 are closed totally. The circular comb 4 rotating in working direction C combs the fiber material 8 projecting out of the combing nippers 1. The carrier 17 continues to move in arrow direction D.
The break roller pairs 2 and 3 reverse their direction of motion after the fiber material 8 is torn apart and transport the combed fiber material 10 back in the opposite direction to the draw-off direction B. When the end of the circular comb 4 has run through the unattached end 8′ of the fiber material 8, the direction of motion of the carrier 17 is reversed, and the carrier 17 moves in arrow direction E again towards the break roller pair 2. The combing nippers 1 open hereby and, by way of a rotation of the feed roller 9, the fiber material 8 is fed forward in feed direction A. The unattached end 8′, hanging out of the combing nippers 1 of the fiber material 8 binds together with the fiber material 10 being fed back in the opposite direction to the draw-off direction B. The direction of motion of the break roller pair 2, 3 is again reversed, so that the fiber material 10, together with the unattached end 8′ of the fiber material 8 is transported in draw-off direction B, and the previously unattached end of the fiber material 8 is nipped between the bottom roller and the top roller of the break roller pair 2. The carrier 17 again reaches the position shown in FIG. 1 and the top comb 5 has again penetrated the fiber material 8, so that the combing cycle can begin again.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, a top comb 5 including a toothed clothing 15 according to the present invention is shown. The top comb 5 has a base body 18, to which the toothed clothing 15 is attached. The toothed clothing 15 includes a plurality of teeth 19 arranged adjacently to one another, which form a teeth row 20. The teeth row 20 is orientated transversely to the working direction F of the teeth 19. The toothed clothing 15 including the teeth 19 is designed as a one-piece tooth bar. In production, the teeth 19 are hereby formed from the solid by, for example, grinding or eroding.
The tooth bar 21 includes a profiled peg 22 as a mechanism 23 for being fastened to the base body 18. The base body 18 is advantageously die-cast directly to the tooth bar 21 and can advantageously be made from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Alternately, a peg 22 as a fastening device 23 can also be provided, which is slid into the groove of a light metal base body 18 and caulked. A further alternative is that the fixing device 23 can also be designed as a T-groove 22′, denoted by a broken line. The T-groove 22′ is advantageous for the base body 18, in particular in connection with fiber reinforced material, which base body 18 is hardened in an autoclave in which a vacuum prevails. Such reinforced materials are made from fiber mat, in particular from carbon fibers, and are layered and are soaked in resin. The base body 18 is subsequently placed with the tooth bar 21 in a form and hardened in an autoclave under a prevailing vacuum and heat. Fiber reinforced materials, and in particular materials containing carbon fibers are advantageous for the base body 18, as they have a high degree of stability while being relatively light in weight, and can therefore reduce the forces occurring due to the alternating movements.
A drawn profile is advantageously used as a semi-finished product for the tooth bar 21. The drawn profile can be hardened and tempered in advance, and the teeth 19 are subsequently formed from the solid. The outer contour of the teeth 19—as seen transversely to the working direction F of the teeth 19—are advantageously formed first, and then the grooves 24 extending in working direction F are formed. The grooves 24 can be seen in FIG. 3 and form practically the intermediate space between two teeth 19 of a teeth row 20. In FIG. 3, different types of grooves 24 and teeth 19 are shown on a top comb 5 as examples. In practice, of course, teeth 19 of the same shape will be used over the entire working width G of the top comb 5.
In order to achieve a high combing effect of the toothed clothing 15, it is advantageous for the groove 24 to have a depth H, which measures at least twice or three times, in particular more than five to ten times, the pitch width J between two teeth 19.
For reasons of simplified production of the toothed clothing 15, it can be advantageous that not only is a tooth bar 21 used, which extends with a dimension K of the teeth row 20 over the entire working width G, but also that for example three tooth bars 21 are applied adjacently to one base body 18—as can be seen in FIG. 3—in order to cover the entire working width G of the top comb 5. A working width G of, for example, 300 mm could be covered with three tooth bars 21 having each a dimension K of 100 mm. Different working widths G in the case of various top combs 5 can be very easily produced due to the variation of the number of used tooth bars 21.
In an embodiment not shown it can be advantageous to apply the fixing mechanism 16 of the top comb 5 directly to the tooth bar 21. The base body 18 can hereby be omitted. The tooth bar 21 can be designed in such a way that it comprises the slots 25 of the fixing mechanism 16 and can thus be directly connected with the top comb carrier 13. A design of this type is particularly advantageous when the dimension K of the teeth row 20 corresponds approximately to the working width G of the top comb 5 and when the top comb 5 is formed by a single tooth bar 21.
A circular comb 4 is shown in FIG. 4, which consists of a base body 26 and a number of toothed clothing 14 applied thereto. The toothed clothings 14, which first come into contact during the rotation of the circular comb 4 in working direction C, are designed as tooth bars 21, which include a single teeth row 20, which teeth 19 are arranged adjacently to one another. The following toothed clothings 14 consist of one-piece toothed bars 28, which comprise several teeth rows 20 arranged one behind the other in working direction C. Tooth bars 28 having several teeth rows 20 have advantageously the form of a segment out of a cylinder jacket, whose radius is adapted to the radius of the circular comb 4. The segment-shaped tooth bars 28 are made advantageously as complete hollow cylinders, on whose circumference the teeth 19 are shaped and which cylinder is then divided into a number of segments.
In the case of the circular comb 4, the tooth bars 21 and 28 are also attached to the base body 26 by fixing mechanism 23. The base body 26 can advantageously be die-cast to the tooth bars 21 and 28 as a die-cast part or as an injection-moulded part. It can also be advantageous to fix the tooth bars 21 and 28 to the base body by use of an adhesive. It can hereby be sufficient that, as the fixing mechanism 23, just the underside of the tooth bar 21 or 28 acts with the adhesive. In a way not shown, the fixing mechanism 23 on the tooth bars 21, 28 can also be a profiling in the form of grooves, pegs or the like.
In the case of tooth bars 28 having a number of teeth rows 20, it is necessary to form grooves 29 extending transversely to the working direction C in the tooth bar 28, so that teeth rows are formed one behind the other in working direction C. The depth L of the groove 29 differs advantageously from the depth H of the groove 24 extending in working direction C between two teeth 19. In FIG. 5, an advantageous example of the depths H and L of the grooves 24 and 29 in a tooth bar 28 are shown. The depth L of the groove 29 extending transversely to the working direction C measures less than the depth H of the groove 24 extending parallel to the working direction C. A toothed clothing 14 of this type achieves a positive combing result and does not tend to clog the toothed clothing 14 with fibers deposits.
As in the case of the toothed clothing 15 of the top comb 5, the dimension K of the teeth rows 20—as seen transversely to the working direction C of the teeth 19—can correspond approximately to the working width G of the circular comb 4. Alternatively, a plurality of adjacently position teeth 19 of the teeth rows 20 can be designed as a tooth bar 28 formed in one piece, whereby the dimension K of the tooth bar 28 as seen transversely to the working direction C of the teeth 19—is smaller than the working width G of the circular comb 4, so that a number of tooth bars 28 are arranged adjacently over the working width G.
All the examples of toothed clothing 15 for a top comb 5 described above can be applied in the same way to toothed clothing 14 for a circular comb 4. A repeat description is therefore omitted.
The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. Toothed clothing for a comb of a combing machine, comprising:

a plurality of adjacently arranged teeth, which form at least one teeth row orientated transversely to a working direction of the teeth; and

wherein, the teeth row with its teeth is operatively configured as a tooth bar made in one piece.

2. Toothed clothing according to claim 1, wherein the one-piece tooth bar comprises exactly one teeth row.

3. Toothed clothing according to claim 1, wherein the one-piece tooth bar comprises several teeth rows arranged one behind the other in the working direction of the teeth.

4. Toothed clothing according to claim 3, further comprising a groove extending transversely to the working direction between two teeth rows having a depth (L), which differs from the depth (H) of a groove extending in the working direction between two teeth.

5. Toothed clothing according to claim 3, wherein the one-piece tooth bar has a form of a segment out of a cylinder jacket, whereby the teeth rows are arranged in a circumferential direction one behind the other on the cylinder jacket.

6. Toothed clothing according to claim 1, further comprising a fixing mechanism for the tooth bar.

7. Toothed clothing according to claim 1, wherein the tooth bar is composed of hardened or tempered steel.

8. Toothed clothing according to claim 1, wherein the teeth of the toothed clothing comprise a coating.

9. Toothed clothing according to claim 1, wherein a groove extending in the working direction between two teeth has a depth (H) which measures at least twice to five times the pitch distance (J) of the teeth transversely to the working direction.

10. A process for producing a toothed clothing for a comb of a combing machine having a plurality of teeth arranged adjacently to one another, the process comprising the acts of:

obtaining a solid; and

forming at least one teeth row orientated transversely to a working direction of the teeth, the teeth of the teeth row being made from the solid.

11. A process according to claim 10, wherein as a semi-finished product for the tooth bar a drawn profile is used as the solid, on which the teeth of the toothed clothing are subsequently formed.

12. A process according to claim 10 wherein, as seen transversely to the working direction of the teeth, the outer contour of the teeth of a teeth row is formed from the solid.

13. A process according to claim 11, wherein, as seen transversely to the working direction of the teeth, the outer contour of the teeth are formed at least partly by a drawn profile of the tooth bar.

14. A process according to claim 11, wherein the teeth of a teeth row are formed by the shaping of grooves extending in the working direction of the tooth bar.

15. A process according to claim 14, wherein the teeth are shaped at least partly by grinding.

16. A process according to claim 14, wherein the teeth are shaped at least partly by eroding.

17. A process for producing a toothed clothing according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of rows of teeth are shaped on the circumference of a hollow cylinder, which are parallel to its middle axis, and further wherein the hollow cylinder is subsequently divided into a plurality of segments.

18. A top comb for a combing machine having a toothed clothing, which includes a plurality of adjacently arranged teeth, wherein the teeth form at least one teeth row orientated transversely to a working direction, wherein the teeth row with its teeth is operatively configured as a tooth bar made in one piece, and that a dimension (K) of the teeth row—as seen transversely to the working direction of the teeth—corresponds approximately to a working width (G) of the top comb.

19. A top comb for a combing machine comprising:

a toothed clothing, which comprises a number of adjacently arranged teeth, wherein the teeth form at least one teeth row orientated transversely to a working direction; and

wherein a number of adjacently arranged teeth of the teeth row is operatively configured as a tooth bar made in one piece, wherein a dimension (K) of the tooth bar—as seen transversely to the working direction of the teeth—is less than a working width (G) of the top comb, and further wherein a number of tooth bars are arranged over the working width of the top comb.

20. A top comb according to claim 18, wherein the top comb comprises a base body, to which at least one tooth bar is attached by a fixing mechanism.

21. A top comb according to claim 19, wherein the top comb comprises a base body, to which at least one tooth bar is attached by a fixing mechanism

22. A top comb according to claim 20, wherein the base body, is die-cast to at least one tooth bar in the form of a die-cast part or an injection-molded part.

23. A top comb according to claim 20, wherein the base body is composed of fiber reinforced material hardened in an autoclave.

24. A circular comb for a combing machine having a toothed clothing, which includes a plurality of adjacently arranged teeth, wherein the teeth form rows of teeth orientated transversely to a working direction, and wherein a number of rows of teeth are arranged in a circumferential direction of the circular comb one behind the other, wherein at least one teeth row with its teeth is operatively configured as a tooth bar made in one piece, and a dimension (K) of the teeth row—as seen transversely to the working direction of the teeth—corresponds approximately to a working width (G) of the circular comb.

25. A circular comb for a combing machine, comprising:

a toothed clothing having a plurality of adjacently arranged teeth, wherein the teeth form rows of teeth orientated transversely to a working direction (C), and wherein a number of rows of teeth are arranged in a circumferential direction of the circular comb one behind the other;

wherein a number of adjacently arranged teeth of a teeth row are operatively configured as a tooth bar made in one piece, wherein a dimension (K) of the tooth bar—as seen transversely to the working direction (C) of the teeth—is smaller than a working width (G) of the circular comb; and

further wherein a number of tooth bars are arranged adjacently to one another over the working width (G) of the circular comb.

26. A circular comb according to claim 23, wherein the circular comb comprises a base body to which at least one tooth bar is attached by a fixing mechanism.

27. A circular comb according to claim 25, wherein the circular comb comprises a base body to which at least one tooth bar is attached by a fixing mechanism.

28. A circular comb according to claim 26, wherein the base body is die-cast to at least one tooth bar in the form of a die-cast or injection-molded part.

29. A circular comb according to claim 26, wherein the base body is composed of fiber-reinforced material hardened in an autoclave.