US20070245767A1 - Resin molded product, damper device and manufacturing method for resin molded product - Google Patents

Resin molded product, damper device and manufacturing method for resin molded product Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070245767A1
US20070245767A1 US11/701,054 US70105407A US2007245767A1 US 20070245767 A1 US20070245767 A1 US 20070245767A1 US 70105407 A US70105407 A US 70105407A US 2007245767 A1 US2007245767 A1 US 2007245767A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
wall part
rib
face
partition wall
molded product
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US11/701,054
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English (en)
Inventor
Hide Hara
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nidec Instruments Corp
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Individual
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Assigned to NIDEC SANKYO CORPORATION reassignment NIDEC SANKYO CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HARA, HIDE
Publication of US20070245767A1 publication Critical patent/US20070245767A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/042—Air treating means within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/045—Air flow control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/04—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only lift valves
    • F16K11/052—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only lift valves with pivoted closure members, e.g. butterfly valves

Definitions

  • An embodiment of the present invention may relate to a resin molded product which is used as a frame or the like of a damper device for switching a flow path by opening or closing an opening through which fluid is passed with a baffle. Further, an embodiment of the present invention may relate to a damper device provided with the frame and a manufacturing method for the resin molded product.
  • a damper device which is, for example, used in a refrigerator has been proposed as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the damper device is provided with a frame 4 , which includes a first partition wall 41 and a second partition wall 42 extended from an end part of the first partition wall 41 in a direction crossing the first partition wall 41 , and a first baffle 11 which is turned between the first partition wall 41 and the second partition wall 42 around a crossing part of the first partition wall 41 and the second partition wall 42 as shown by the arrow “A” such that a first opening 31 formed in the first partition wall 41 and a second opening 32 formed in the second partition wall 42 are selectively opened and closed.
  • a third partition wall 43 is extended from the crossing part of the first partition wall 41 and the second partition wall 42 to an opposite side to the first partition wall 41 .
  • a second baffle 12 is disposed between the second partition wall 42 and the third partition wall 43 such that the second baffle 12 is turned around a crossing part of the second partition wall 42 and the third partition wall 43 as shown by the arrow “B” to selectively open and close the second opening 32 formed in the second partition wall 42 and a third opening 33 formed in the third partition wall 43 .
  • a frame-shaped projection 411 is formed on a face of the first partition wall 41 on the side of the second partition wall 42 so as to surround the first opening 31
  • a frame-shaped projection 431 is formed on a face of the third partition wall 43 on the side of the second partition wall 42 so as to surround the third opening 33 . In this manner, sealing property of the baffles 11 and 12 is enhanced.
  • the second partition wall 42 is formed in a thin plate shape and is provided with no engaging portion, when the damper device is mounted on a refrigerator, the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 rides on a mounting rail and thus a mounting malfunction may occur.
  • the rib 429 can be formed only by forming a recessed part 82 A on a molding face of the slide die 8 A and the second opening 32 can be formed only by forming a protruded part 81 A on the molding face.
  • the reinforcing plates 46 and 47 are required to be disposed on both sides of the second partition wall 42 of the frame 4 and thus a width dimension of the slide die 8 A is required to be equal to that of the second partition wall 42 . Therefore, when the rib 429 is formed at the entire tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 , the recessed part 82 A is formed in the entire widthwise direction of the slide die 8 A and, as a result, the slide die 8 A may be easily damaged at a portion where the recessed part 82 A is formed.
  • a thickness of the slide die 8 A is required to be made thinner in order to secure a moving range of the slide die 8 A in an outward direction of the second partition wall 42 . Therefore, in this case, damage of the slide die 8 A may be further easily occurred at the portion where the recessed part 82 A is formed.
  • an embodiment of the present invention may advantageously provide a resin molded product which is capable of preventing its mounting malfunction and in which, even when a plate-shaped wall part formed by a slide die is reinforced with a rib, a remarkable decreasing of strength of the slide die can be avoided. Further, an embodiment of the present invention may advantageously provide a damper device in which the above-mentioned resin molded product is used as its frame and may advantageously provide a manufacturing method for the resin molded product.
  • a resin molded product including a first wall part, a second wall part which is integrally molded with the first wall part and is extended from the first wall part in a direction crossing the first wall part such that the second wall part is formed in a plate-like shape having a predetermined width dimension, and a plate-shaped rib which is formed at a tip end portion of the second wall part and is perpendicularly protruded from a face of the second wall part on a side of the first wall part.
  • the rib is formed in a part in a widthwise direction of the second wall part.
  • a face of the second wall part on a side of the first wall part is molded by using a slide die which is movable in an outward direction that is perpendicular to the face of the second wall part and which is provided with the same width dimension as that of the second wall part.
  • a rib which is protruded on the side of the first wall part is formed at a tip end portion of the second wall part. Therefore, since the rib can be utilized as an engaging portion when the resin molded product in accordance with an embodiment is attached to a refrigerator, a mounting malfunction such as riding of the tip end portion of the second wall part on a mounting rail can be eliminated. Further, the second wall part formed in a plate shape is reinforced by the rib. In addition, the rib is formed in only a part in a widthwise direction at the tip end portion of the second wall part.
  • a recessed part for forming the rib is required to form at only a part in a widthwise direction of the slide die. Accordingly, different from a case that a recessed part is formed over the entire widthwise direction of the slide die, remarkable decreasing of strength of the slide die is avoided.
  • the rib is formed at both end portions in the widthwise direction of the tip end portion of the second wall part.
  • the rib is formed such that protruding dimension of the rib from the second wall part decreases gradually at a boundary portion between the rib and a portion where the rib is not formed.
  • an end part of the recessed part of the slide die for forming the rib is formed in a tapered face and thus decreasing of strength of the slide die can be reduced even when the recessed part is formed in the slide die so as to be extended in the widthwise direction of the slide die.
  • the present invention may be effectively applied to a resin molded product which is provided with first projections that are formed on a face of the first wall part on a side of the second wall part at both side end positions of the second wall part such that the second wall part is sandwiched between the first projections which face each other through a same distance as a width dimension of the second wall part.
  • a width dimension of the second wall part becomes equal to that of the slide die.
  • a recessed part for forming the rib is required to be formed only in a part in the widthwise direction of the slide die and the recessed part is not required to be formed over the entire widthwise direction of the slide die. Therefore, remarkable decreasing of strength of the slide die is avoided.
  • the present invention may be effectively applied to a resin molded product which is provided with a second projection which is formed on a face of the first wall part on a side of the second wall part.
  • the slide die is required to be made thinner in order to secure a moving range of the slide die in an outward direction to the second wall part. According to the embodiment of the present invention, even when the recessed part for forming the rib is formed in the thin slide die as described above, remarkable decreasing of strength of the slide die can be avoided.
  • the resin molded product in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention may be used, for example, as a frame in a damper device for a refrigerator or the like.
  • a baffle is provided in the damper device which is turnable between the first wall part and the second wall part around a crossing part of the first wall part and the second wall part to selectively open or close a first opening formed in the first wall part and a second opening formed in the second wall part.
  • FIGS. 1(A) through 1(C) are respectively explanatory views showing a basic structure of a damper device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2(A) is a front view showing a frame which is used in a damper device in accordance with an embodiment
  • FIG. 2(B) is its rear view
  • FIG. 2(C) is its plan view in which a part of the frame is cut out
  • FIG. 2(D) is its left side view.
  • FIG. 3(A) is a front view showing a frame 4 which is used in a damper device in accordance with an embodiment
  • FIG. 3(B) is its plan view
  • FIG. 3(C) is its bottom view in which a part of the frame is cut out.
  • FIG. 4(A) is a perspective view showing a frame which is used in a damper device in accordance with an embodiment in which a part of the frame is cut out
  • FIG. 4(B) is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing method for the frame.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a frame which is used in a conventional damper device in which a part of the frame is cut out.
  • FIG. 6(A) is a perspective view showing another frame 4 which is used in a conventional damper device in which a part of the frame is cut out
  • FIG. 6(B) is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing method for the frame.
  • FIGS. 1(A) through 1(C) are respectively explanatory views showing a basic structure of a damper device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1(A) shows a state that baffles open all three openings of partition walls
  • FIGS. 1(B) and 1(C) show states that the baffles close one or two of three openings of the partition walls.
  • a damper device 1 shown in FIG. 1(A) is a device for controlling supply of cold air to a plurality of storage chambers in a refrigerator.
  • the damper device 1 includes a frame 4 , which is provided with a first partition wall 41 (first wall part) and a second partition wall 42 (second wall part) extended from an end part of the first partition wall 41 in a direction of an angle of 90° with respect to the first partition wall 41 , and a first baffle 11 which is turned around a crossing part of the first partition wall 41 and the second with partition wall 42 between the first partition wall 41 and the second partition wall 42 for selectively opening or closing a first opening 31 formed in the first partition wall 41 and a second opening 32 formed in the second partition wall 42 .
  • the frame 4 of the damper device 1 in this embodiment further includes a third partition wall 43 (third wall part), which is extended from the crossing part of the first partition wall 41 and the second with partition wall 42 in an opposite direction to the first partition wall 41 , and a second baffle 11 which is turned around a crossing part of the second partition wall 42 and the third partition wall 43 between the second partition wall 42 and the third partition wall 43 for selectively opening or closing the second opening 32 formed in the second partition wall 42 and a third opening 33 formed in the third partition wall 43 .
  • the first baffle 11 and the second baffle 12 are disposed at an angle of 90° (90 degrees) and are driven by a common drive device (not shown) in an integral manner.
  • FIG. 2(A) is a front view showing the damper device 1 to which the present invention is applied and which is viewed from a side where the second partition wall is extended
  • FIG. 2(B) is its rear view
  • FIG. 2(C) is its plan view in which a part of a frame is cut out
  • FIG. 2(D) is its left side view.
  • the baffles 11 and 12 are at positions shown in FIG. 1(C) and, in FIG. 2(C) , the baffles 11 and 12 are at positions shown in FIG. 1(A) .
  • FIG. 3(A) is a front view showing the frame 4 which is used in a damper device 1 to which the present invention is applied
  • FIG. 3(B) is its plan view
  • FIG. 3(C) is its bottom view in which a part of the frame is cut out.
  • a case 2 is fixed on a rectangular support plate part 45 which is extended backward from an upper face of the frame 4 by utilizing shaft parts 48 , and the drive device (not shown) is provided within the case 2 .
  • the frame 4 is a resin molded product which is structured of the first partition wall 41 , the second partition wall 42 and the third partition wall 43 which are integrally formed in a “T” shape.
  • a tubular frame-shaped projection 40 (first projection) for reinforcing the frame 4 is protruded on a side of the second partition wall 42 from an outer peripheral edge part of a main body portion comprised of the first partition wall 41 and the third partition wall 43 .
  • the first opening 31 and the second opening 32 are surrounded by square-cylindrical frame-shaped projections 411 and 431 (second projection) on the front side of the first partition wall 41 and the third partition wall 43 (the second partition wall 42 side).
  • first opening 31 and the second opening 32 are surrounded by square-cylindrical frame-shaped projections 412 and 432 on a rear face side of the first partition wall 41 and the third partition wall 43 .
  • the second partition wall 42 is formed in a plate shape without such a tubular frame-shaped projection.
  • Triangular reinforcing plates 46 and 47 (forming parts of the first projection) are formed at respective upper end part and lower end part of the second plate-shaped partition wall 42 of the frame 4 , and the reinforcing plates 46 and 47 are integrally formed with the frame-shaped projection 40 . Therefore, the reinforcing plates 46 , 47 and the frame-shaped projection 40 are formed on faces of the first partition wall 41 and the third partition wall 43 on the side of the second partition wall 42 , and they are formed on both sides of the second partition wall 42 so as to interpose the second partition wall 42 therebetween. In this manner, the reinforcing plates 46 and 47 are formed such that they are opposite to each other so as to have the same width dimension as that of the second partition wall 42 . In this embodiment, three ribs 421 are respectively formed at the root portion on both sides of the second partition wall 42 .
  • a first drive shaft 71 of the drive device is extended into the frame 4 through a hole 710 (see FIG. 3(B) ) of the frame 4 at the crossing part of the first partition wall 41 and the second partition wall 42 , and an end part of the first baffle 11 is connected to the first drive shaft 71 .
  • a second drive shaft 72 of the drive device is extended into the frame 4 through a hole 720 (see FIG. 3(B) ) of the frame 4 at the crossing part of the second partition wall 42 and the third partition wall 43 , and an end part of the second baffle 12 is connected to the second drive shaft 72 .
  • An elastic member 91 made of resin foam or the like for abutting with the frame-shaped projection 411 is stuck on a face of the first baffle 11 on a side of the first partition wall 41 (see FIG. 2(C) ).
  • An elastic member 92 made of resin foam or the like for abutting with the frame-shaped projection 431 is stuck on a face of the second baffle 12 on a side of the third partition wall 43 (see FIG. 2(C) ).
  • an elastic member 93 made of resin foam or the like is stuck on a face of the second partition wall 42 on a side of the first partition wall 41 along one side of the second opening 32 (see FIGS. 2(A) and 2(C) ).
  • an elastic member 94 made of resin foam or the like is stuck on a face of the second partition wall 42 on a side of the third partition wall 43 at a periphery of the second opening 32 (see FIGS. 2(A) and 2(C) ).
  • the frame 4 which is structured as described above is fixed at a position on the way of a cold air passage in a refrigerator to be used.
  • a tip end portion of the second partition wall 42 is attached to a groove formed in a member which structures the cold air passage.
  • FIG. 4(A) is a perspective view showing the frame which is used in the damper device 1 in accordance with an embodiment in which a part of the frame 4 is cut out
  • FIG. 4(B) is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing method for the frame 4 .
  • the above-mentioned reinforcement structure is utilized in the partition walls 41 , 42 and 43 of the frame 4 .
  • plate-shaped ribs 426 and 427 which are perpendicularly protruded from a face on the side of the first partition wall 41 are formed at the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 .
  • the ribs 426 and 427 are integrally formed with rectangular portions of the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 which are both end portions in a widthwise direction of the second partition wall 42 .
  • the ribs 426 and 427 are not formed in the entire tip end portion 420 in the widthwise direction of the second partition wall 42 but formed at only both end portions in the widthwise direction. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B) , the ribs 426 and 427 are not formed at a center portion 425 in the widthwise direction of the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 .
  • the ribs 426 and 427 at the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 include tapered parts 428 and 429 , whose protruding dimension from the second partition wall 42 decreases gradually, at boundary portions with the center portion 425 where the ribs 426 and 427 are not formed.
  • the frame 4 used in the damper device 1 in accordance with this embodiment is provided with the ribs 426 and 427 having the structure as described above. Therefore, as described below with reference to FIG. 4(B) , a molding die is hard to be damaged when the resin molded product is molded.
  • the frame 4 when the frame 4 is manufactured, resin molding is performed in a die, and the ribs 426 and 427 are required to be formed on the face of the second partition wall 42 on the side of the first partition wall 41 . Therefore, in order to mold the face of the second partition wall 42 on the side of the first partition wall 41 , a slide die 8 which is movable in an outward direction that is perpendicular to this face is required to be used. Further, when the slide die 8 is used, the second opening 32 can be formed in the second partition wall 42 by forming the rectangular protruded part 81 in the molding face of the slide die 8 .
  • the frame-shaped projection 40 and the reinforcing plates 46 and 47 are formed on the face of the first partition wall 41 on the side of the second partition wall 42 and thus the slide die 8 is used whose width dimension is equal to that of the second partition wall 42 .
  • the frame-shaped projection 411 is formed on the face of the first partition wall 41 on the side of the second partition wall 42 and thus, in order to structure the slide die 8 movable in the outward direction which is perpendicular to the second partition wall 42 , the thickness of the slide die 8 is required to be made thinner.
  • the ribs 426 and 427 are formed at only both end portions in the widthwise direction of the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 . Therefore, groove-shaped recessed parts 86 and 87 for forming the ribs 426 and 427 are formed at only both end portions in the widthwise direction of the slide die 8 . Accordingly, different from the case that a recessed part is formed over the entire widthwise direction of the slide die 8 (see FIG. 6 (B)), remarkable decreasing of strength of the slide die 8 is avoided.
  • the ribs 426 and 427 at the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 include tapered parts 428 and 429 , whose protruding dimension from the second partition wall 42 decreases gradually, at boundary portions with the center portion 425 where the ribs 426 and 427 are not formed. Therefore, inner side end parts 861 and 871 of the recessed parts 86 and 87 of the slide die 8 for forming the ribs 426 and 427 are respectively formed in a tapered face. Therefore, even when the recessed parts 86 and 87 which are extended in the widthwise direction of the slide die 8 are formed, strength reduction of the slide die 8 can be minimized.
  • the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 is attached into a groove of a member which structures the cold air passage.
  • the inner side end portions of the ribs 426 and 427 which are formed at the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 are formed in the tapered parts 428 and 429 . Therefore, the tapered parts 428 and 429 can be utilized as a guide portion and thus the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 can be surely fitted into the groove. According to the structure as described above, a mounting malfunction such as riding of the tip end portion 420 of the second partition wall 42 on a mounting rail when the damper device 1 is mounted on a refrigerator can be eliminated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
US11/701,054 2006-04-25 2007-02-01 Resin molded product, damper device and manufacturing method for resin molded product Abandoned US20070245767A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006-121018 2006-04-25
JP2006121018A JP4851231B2 (ja) 2006-04-25 2006-04-25 樹脂成形品、ダンパー装置および樹脂成形品の製造方法

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3037751A1 (en) * 2014-12-23 2016-06-29 Indesit Company S.p.A. Non-return valve for the air flow from a refrigerator compartment and refrigeration apparatus comprising said valve
US20190041118A1 (en) * 2017-08-01 2019-02-07 Whirlpool Corporation Air flow mechanism for compartment
CN109751806A (zh) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-14 合肥华凌股份有限公司 用于冰箱的风门和具有其的冰箱
CN109751821A (zh) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-14 合肥华凌股份有限公司 用于冰箱的风门和具有其的冰箱
US20220049891A1 (en) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Refrigerator

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US3672529A (en) * 1969-11-14 1972-06-27 Air Cargo Equipment Corp Cargo container
US6488374B1 (en) * 2002-02-12 2002-12-03 Davida Charlene Alberts Eyeglasses and method of making same for the treatment of low-vision

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JPH1038448A (ja) * 1996-07-25 1998-02-13 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍冷蔵庫のダンパ装置
JPH10292971A (ja) * 1997-04-18 1998-11-04 Hitachi Ltd 冷蔵庫
JP3724978B2 (ja) * 1999-04-22 2005-12-07 日本電産サンキョー株式会社 ダブルダンパー装置
JP4136530B2 (ja) * 2002-08-12 2008-08-20 日本電産サンキョー株式会社 ダンパー装置
JP2005241140A (ja) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-08 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd ダンパ装置

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3672529A (en) * 1969-11-14 1972-06-27 Air Cargo Equipment Corp Cargo container
US6488374B1 (en) * 2002-02-12 2002-12-03 Davida Charlene Alberts Eyeglasses and method of making same for the treatment of low-vision

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3037751A1 (en) * 2014-12-23 2016-06-29 Indesit Company S.p.A. Non-return valve for the air flow from a refrigerator compartment and refrigeration apparatus comprising said valve
US20190041118A1 (en) * 2017-08-01 2019-02-07 Whirlpool Corporation Air flow mechanism for compartment
US10823480B2 (en) * 2017-08-01 2020-11-03 Whirlpool Corporation Air flow mechanism for compartment
US20210018249A1 (en) * 2017-08-01 2021-01-21 Whirlpool Corporation Air flow mechanism for compartment
US11650000B2 (en) * 2017-08-01 2023-05-16 Whirlpool Corporation Air flow mechanism for compartment
CN109751806A (zh) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-14 合肥华凌股份有限公司 用于冰箱的风门和具有其的冰箱
CN109751821A (zh) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-14 合肥华凌股份有限公司 用于冰箱的风门和具有其的冰箱
US20220049891A1 (en) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Refrigerator
US11725864B2 (en) * 2020-08-13 2023-08-15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Refrigerator

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JP2007290255A (ja) 2007-11-08

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Owner name: NIDEC SANKYO CORPORATION, JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HARA, HIDE;REEL/FRAME:019241/0177

Effective date: 20070202

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION