US20070191404A1 - Pharmaceutical compositions of pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical compositions of pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones Download PDF

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US20070191404A1
US20070191404A1 US10/594,162 US59416205A US2007191404A1 US 20070191404 A1 US20070191404 A1 US 20070191404A1 US 59416205 A US59416205 A US 59416205A US 2007191404 A1 US2007191404 A1 US 2007191404A1
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cyclodextrin
trioxopyrimidine
compound
water
phenyl
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Pierre Bartsch
Didier Cataldo
Richard Endele
Brigitte Evrard
Jean-Michel Foidart
Hans-Willi Krell
Gerd Zimmermann
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Universite de Liege
Hoffmann La Roche Inc
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Assigned to F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE AG reassignment F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ZIMMERMANN, GERD, ENDELE, RICHARD, KRELL, HANS-WILLI
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Priority to US12/472,775 priority Critical patent/US8044035B2/en
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    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/513—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cytosine
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
    • A61K47/6949—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes
    • A61K47/6951—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes using cyclodextrin
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    • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
    • A61K9/0078—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy for inhalation via a nebulizer such as a jet nebulizer, ultrasonic nebulizer, e.g. in the form of aqueous drug solutions or dispersions
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    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame

Definitions

  • the invention comprises a pharmaceutical composition of pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones (trioxopyrimidines), methods for the manufacture and uses thereof.
  • Matrix metalloproteases are a family of zinc- and calcium-dependent proteases that are capable of degrading the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (Egeblad, M., and Werb, Z., Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 (2002) 161-174; Overall, C. M., and Lopez-Otin, C., Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 (2002) 657-672). They are believed to have pivotal roles in embryonic development and growth (Holmbeck, K., et al., Cell 99 (1999) 81-92; Vu, T. H., et al., Cell 93 (1998) 411-422) as well as in tissue remodeling and repair (Shapiro, S. D., Curr. Opin.
  • MMPs may therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of many tissue-remodelling processes, including tumor progression (Egeblad, M., and Werb, Z., Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 (2002) 161-174; Overall, C. M., and Lopez-Otin, C., Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 (2002) 657-672) and aneurysm formation (Carmeliet, P., et al., Nat. Genet. 17 (1997) 439-444).
  • MMP effects are far from being restricted to ECM degradation (Chang, C., and Werb, D., Trends Cell Biol. 11 (2001) S37-43).
  • Peptide growth factors that are sequestered by ECM proteins become available once degraded by MMP-9 (Manes, S., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 6935-6945).
  • MMPs can increase the bioavailability of VEGF (Bergers, G., et al., Nat. Cell Biol. 2 (2000) 737-744) but also generate angiogenesis inhibitors such as angiostatin by cleavage of plasminogen (Dong, Z., et al., Cell 88 (1997) 801-810).
  • MMPs are thought to be involved in the mobilization of bone marrow stem cells (Janowska-Wieczorek, A., et al., Blood 93 (1999) 3379-3390). High concentration of MMP9 was observed during the G-CSF induced HPC mobilization (Carstanjen, D., et al., Transfusion 42 (2002) 588-596).
  • Trioxopyrimidines are compounds from a well-known structural class. Such compounds are described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,242,455 and 6,110,924; WO 97/23465; WO 98/58915; WO 01/25217, which are incorporated herein by reference, and Grams, F., et al., Biol. Chem. 382 (2001) 1277-1285, and are effective and highly selective for MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14.
  • Cyclodextrins are cyclic carbohydrates derived from starch. They differ from one another by the number of glucopyranose units in their structure.
  • the parent cyclodextrins contain six, seven and eight glucopyranose units, and are referred to as alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrins respectively.
  • the ⁇ -, ⁇ - or ⁇ -cyclodextrins prepared by enzymatic starch conversion differ in the diameter of their hydrophobic cavity and are generally suitable for the inclusion of numerous lipophilic substances.
  • Trioxopyrimidines which are highly potent MMP inhibitors are only poorly soluble in water and water-based solvents.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an aqueous composition in which such a trioxopyrimidine is soluble and whereas such an aqueous composition of such a trioxopyrimidine can be used as a pharmaceutical composition.
  • trioxopyrimidine-cyclodextrin complex formed of a trioxopyrimidine derivative represented by the below-described formula (I) and a water-soluble cyclodextrin (further abbreviated as CD) exhibits enhanced water solubility, excellent stability, and low topical stimulation and is useful as a therapeutic agent.
  • trioxopyrimidine complex with cyclodextrin and an adjuvant such as L-lysine or L-arginine show improved water solubility and bioavailability, excellent stability, and low topical stimulation and is useful as a therapeutic agent.
  • the present invention provides a trioxopyrimidine-cyclodextrin complex formed of a trioxopyrimidine derivative or a salt thereof and a cyclodextrin, preferably ⁇ -, ⁇ - or ⁇ -cyclodextrin or a water-soluble cyclodextrin derivative (water-soluble being defined as a solubility of at least 0.5 gr/100 ml water at 25° C.), wherein the trioxopyrimidine derivative is represented by formula (I).
  • trioxopyrimidine-cyclodextrin complex formed of a trioxopyrimidine derivative represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof and a cyclodextrin, preferably ⁇ , ⁇ - or ⁇ -cyclodextrin or a water-soluble cyclodextrin derivative (water-soluble being defined as a solubility of at least 0.5 gr/100 ml water at 25° C.), in the presence of an adjuvant such as L-lysine or L-arginine, preferably L-lysine.
  • an adjuvant such as L-lysine or L-arginine, preferably L-lysine.
  • Such a complex according to the invention is an inclusion complex of trioxopyrimidine-cyclodextrin and is provided in a liquid or solid form.
  • trioxopyrimidine is complexed and enclosed by about 1 mol to 2 mol of cyclodextrin, preferably of ⁇ - or ⁇ -cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of a patient in the need thereof, referrably for the treatment of bronchial inflammatory diseases, containing a trioxopyrimidine-cyclodextrin complex according to the invention as an active component in a pharmaceutical effective amount.
  • the pharmaceutical agent according to the invention is applicable therapeutically, prophylactically or preventively, to pathologies resulting from a very important or unsuitable MMP expression.
  • the present invention also provides an injection formulation containing a trioxopyrimidine-cyclodextrin complex according to the invention in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
  • a further object of this invention is a liquid aqueous formulation of a complex according to the invention, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is water, the composition to administrate being an aqueous solution.
  • the active substance according to the invention is then in the complex state by inclusion in a cyclodextrin in solution in water.
  • a further object of this invention is a liquid aqueous formulation of a complex according to the invention in the presence of L-Lysine (L-Lysine concentration between 10 mM and 1000 mM, preferably between 10 mM and 500 mM and more preferred between 10 mM and 100 mM) the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is water, the composition to administrate being an aqueous solution.
  • L-Lysine L-Lysine concentration between 10 mM and 1000 mM, preferably between 10 mM and 500 mM and more preferred between 10 mM and 100 mM
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is water
  • the active substance according to the invention is then in the complex state by inclusion in a cyclodextrin in solution in water in the presence of L-lysine.
  • a further object of this invention is a complex according to the invention in a solid state, the complex is in the form of a powder dissolvable in water and to dissolve before administration or to administrate on its own.
  • a further object of this invention is a complex included in different galenical forms according to the desired form of administration which can be tablets, capsules, multiparticulate systems, oral solutions, oral suspensions, solutions, suspensions, and implants for parenteral administration, solutions or powders for inhaling, hydrophilic or lipophilic type creams and ointments, aqueous or hydro-alcoholic gels, lotions, for topical, transcutaneous or vaginal use, intra-uterine devices, solutions, suspensions, implants, for ophthalmic use, suppositories, suspensions, sprays, solutions, and foams for rectal use.
  • the present invention further provides use of such a pharmaceutical agent in a pharmaceutically effective amount for the treatment of such diseases in a patient suffering from such a disease, preferably bronchial inflammatory diseases.
  • the complex according to the invention is preferably administrated at a topical, percutaneous, transdermal, oral or parenteral level.
  • the present invention further provides a method for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical agent, preferably for the treatment of such diseases, preferably bronchial inflammatory diseases, characterized by complexing a trioxopyrimidine with cyclodextrin in a pharmaceutically effective amount in water or buffered aqueous solution preferably containing, in addition, an auxiliary substance, buffer, preservative, solvent and/or viscosity modulating agent.
  • a pharmaceutical agent preferably for the treatment of such diseases, preferably bronchial inflammatory diseases, characterized by complexing a trioxopyrimidine with cyclodextrin in a pharmaceutically effective amount in water or buffered aqueous solution preferably containing, in addition, an auxiliary substance, buffer, preservative, solvent and/or viscosity modulating agent.
  • the preferred cyclodextrins are
  • This invention also concerns use of a pharmaceutical composition including, in a therapeutically effective quantity, a pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione and at least one cyclodextrin, as well as possibly a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for the manufacture of a medicine for a therapeutic, prophylactic or preventive treatment of the above-mentioned illnesses.
  • This invention also concerns use of a pharrmaceutical composition including, in a therapeutically effective quantity, a) a pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione, b) at least one cyclodextrin c) L-lysine or L-arginine, preferably L-lysine, as well as d) possibly a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for the manufacture of a medicine for a therapeutic, prophylactic or preventive treatment of the above-mentioned illnesses.
  • a pharrmaceutical composition including, in a therapeutically effective quantity, a) a pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione, b) at least one cyclodextrin c) L-lysine or L-arginine, preferably L-lysine, as well as d) possibly a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for the manufacture of a medicine for a therapeutic, prophylactic or preventive treatment of the above-mentioned illnesses.
  • Pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones (trioxopyrimidines) according to the present invention are those of formula (I) wherein
  • An object of the present invention is the use of the compounds of formula (I), as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomeric forms, diastereoisomers and racemates, in the manufacture of novel pharmaceutical preparations.
  • C 3 -C 20 alkyl represents a linear or a branched saturated hydrocarbon containing from 3 to 20-, preferably from 4 to 12- and more preferably from 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples are butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2 ethyloctyl. Preferred C 3 -C 20 alkyl residues are n-octyl and n-decyl.
  • the C 3 -C 20 alkyl group may be interrupted once or several times by —S—, —O— or —NH—, preferably by —O—. Examples for such C 3 -C 20 alkyl groups are 5-ethoxy-n-pentyl, 9-methoxy-n-octyl.
  • the substituents in the phenyl moieties of “V” are preferably located in p- and/or meta-position.
  • the group “W-V” is p-butoxyphenyl, biphenyl, phenoxyphenyl, p-chloro-phenoxyphenyl, p-bromo-phenoxyphenyl, 3,4 dichloro-phenoxyphenyl.
  • C 1 -C 10 -alkyl as used in R 2 represents a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon, containing from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and more preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Said C 1 -C 10 -alkyl may be interrupted once or several times by —S—, —O— or —NH—, preferably by —O— and more preferably in such a way to give a group which is composed of ethyleneoxy fragments.
  • Preferred examples of C 1 -C 10 -alkyl groups are hydroxyethyl; hydroxypropyl; ethoxyethyl; 1,2-bisethoxyethyl; 1,2-bis-hydroxy-ethyl.
  • heteroaromatic as used in “heteroaromatic acyl group” in R 2 denotes a five- or six membered aromatic ring, wherein one, two or three ring atoms are oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, and the remaining ring atoms being carbon atoms. Said heteroaromatic group may be fused to another phenyl ring.
  • heteroaromatic acyl groups are furanecarboxyl, thiophenecarboxyl, 4-imidazolylcarboxyl, 3-benzthiophenecarboxyl, pyridylcarboxyl.
  • Preferred examples are furanecarboxyl and thiophenecarboxyl.
  • heteroaryl as used herein means heteroaromatic as defined above.
  • Preferred heteroaryl groups are electron deficient residues such as the nitrogen containing 6-membered rings like pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine or 1,3,5-triazine.
  • the heteroaryl groups pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl.
  • Substituents which may be present on the phenyl or heteroaryl groups of R 2 are principally located at any position suitable for the respective substitution reaction. Preferably one or two substituents are present in para and/or meta position.
  • C 1 -C 6 -alkyl as used herein alone or in combination with C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 6 -dialxylamino, C 1 -C 6 -acyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfinyl C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamidosulfonyl, bis-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamidosulfonyl or C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl denotes a linear or branched, saturated hydrocarbon with 1 to 6-, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred examples are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or tert.-buty
  • C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl denotes a linear or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon containing 2 to 6-, preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms and one or two double bonds. If two double bonds are present they can be isolated- or conjugated double bonds, preferably conjugated double bonds. Preferred examples are allyl or pentadienyl.
  • C 2 -C 6 -alkinyl denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon containing 2 to 6-, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the preferred example is propargyl.
  • halogen means fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, preferably chlorine or bromine.
  • severe times means one, two, three or four times, preferably one or two times.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to conventional acid-addition salts or base-addition salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds of formula (I) and are formed from suitable non-toxic organic or inorganic acids or organic or inorganic bases.
  • Sample acid-addition salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid, and those derived from organic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, and the like.
  • Sample base-addition salts include those derived from ammonium, potassium, sodium and, quaternary ammonium hydroxides, such as for example, tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
  • a pharmaceutical compound i.e., a drug
  • a salt is a technique well known to pharmaceutical chemists to obtain improved physical and chemical stability, hygroscopicity, flowability and solubility of compounds (see, e.g., Ansel, H., et. al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 6th ed., (1995), pp. 196 and 1456-1457).
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared as described in EP 0 869 947 and WO 01/25217.
  • trioxopyrimidine derivative (I) contains an acidic moiety such as a carboxylic group or a sulfonyl group, the derivative can form a salt with a base via the acidic moiety.
  • the trioxopyrimidine may take a hydrate form or a solvated form.
  • the hydrate and the solvate include both that of the free compound of the formula (I) and a salt of the compound of the formula (I). They also include a tautomer of the compound of the formula (I).
  • Cyclodextrins (CD) according to the invention are cyclic oligosaccharides produced by enzymatic degradation of starch, which are composed of a variable number of glucopyrannose units, mostly 6, 7 or 8: these cyclodextrins are respectively named ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ cyclodextrins ( ⁇ CD, ⁇ CD and ⁇ CD). Cyclodextrins according to the invention are cyclodextrins per se or cyclodextrin derivatives, which are at least water soluble in an amount of 0.5 gr/100 ml at 25° C.
  • the water-soluble cyclodextrin preferably used in the present invention refers to a cyclodextrin having water solubility of at least that of ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • water-soluble cyclodextrin examples include sulfobutylcyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin, maltosylcyclodextrin, and salts thereof.
  • Cyclodextrins preferred according to the invention are also methylcyclodextrins (products of the cyclodextrins methylation), dimethylcyclodextrins (DIMEB) (preferably substituted in 2 and in 6), trimethylcyclodextrins (preferably substituted in 2, 3 and 6), “random methylated” cyclodextrins (preferably substituted at random in 2, 3 and 6, but with a number of 1,7 to 1,9 methyl by unit glucopyrannose, RM ⁇ CD), hydroxypropylcyclodextrins (HPCD, hydroxypropylated cyclodextrins preferably substituted randomly mainly in position 2 and 3 (HP- ⁇ CD, HP- ⁇ CD)), sulfobutylethercyclodextrins (SBECD), hydroxyethyl-cyclodextrins, carboxymethylethylcyclodextrins, ethylcyclodextrins, am
  • Adjuvants according to the invention are L-lysine or L-arginine, preferably L-lysine. Such adjuvants can be used to increase the solubility of acidic components by ternary complex formation.
  • the trioxopyrimidine-cyclodextrin complex of the present invention may be obtained by producing an aqueous solution containing the trioxopyrimidine or a salt thereof and a water-soluble cyclodextrin.
  • the water-soluble cyclodextrin is used in an amount of preferably one mol or more based on 1 mol per mol trioxopyrimidine or a salt thereof, more preferably 1-10 mol, and particularly preferably 1-2 mol cyclodextrin per mol trioxopyrimidine.
  • No particular limitation is imposed on the method for producing the aqueous solution, and for example it is produced by use of water or a buffer in a temperature range approximately from ⁇ 5 to 35° C.
  • trioxopyrimidine of formula I When a cyclodextrin aqueous solution is stirred with an excess of a trioxopyrimidine of formula I, there is a complex formation between these two molecules. Reaching the equilibrium takes, however, about at least a few days, so that after a few hours or even after one day, the improved solubility of trioxopyrimidines according to the invention is not found.
  • the filtration of the solution allows recovering the complex in solution in the filtrate, the complex being soluble in water.
  • the complex can also be obtained by mixing a solubilized known quantity of a trioxopyrimidine of formula I in aqueous solution with a solubilized known quantity of CD by calculating the adequate proportions.
  • Another way of obtaining a complex is to add a solution of a trioxopyrimidine of formula I in a solvent (e. g. alcohol, acetone, etc) to a cyclodextrin aqueous solution.
  • a solvent e. g. alcohol, acetone, etc
  • the complex can be formed after sufficient stirring, either after evaporation of the solvent, or even in the presence of the solvent.
  • a solution of L-Lysine or L-Arginine (aminoacid concentration between 10 mM and 1000 mM, preferably between 10 mM and 500 mM and more preferred between 10 mM and 100 mM) can be used as adjuvant.
  • a solution of L-lysine is preferred as adjuvant.
  • the lyophilization or the nebulization of solutions of the complex according to the invention allows the complex to be obtained in solid form.
  • the complex according to the present invention can be prepared, for example, in a manner known per se from a solution or using the paste method, where the weight ratio of cyclodextrin to trioxopyrimidine should be between 2 (2:1) to 540 (540:1), and is preferably between 2 to 25, particularly preferably in the region of 2.6 to 3.5 (for a 1:1 complex with cyclodextrin) or of 5.2 to 6.2 (for a 1:2 complex with cyclodextrin) for a molecular weight of the cyclodextrin of about 1,300.
  • the cyclodextrin concentration of the preparation is preferably between 50 and 400 mM. Preference is given to a cyclodextrin concentration of from 100 to 250 mM. Depending on the consistency, the mixtures are intensively stirred or kneaded. The percent by weight of the cyclodextrin is based upon the total weight of the aqueous cyclodextrin preparation.
  • the complex from a concentrated, aqueous cyclodextrin preparation in the presence of a L-lysine solution (L-lysine concentration between 10 mM and 1000 mM, preferably between 10 mM and 500 mM and more preferred between 10 mM and 100 mM).
  • the cyclodextrin concentration of the preparation is preferably between 50 and 400 mM. Preference is given to a cyclodextrin concentration of from 100 to 250 mM. Depending on the consistency, the mixtures are intensively stirred or kneaded.
  • the percent by weight of the cyclodextrin is based upon the total weight of the aqueous cyclodextrin preparation.
  • the reaction temperature is usually between 20° C. and 80° C., preferably between 20° C. and 60° C., particularly preferably between 250° C. and 45° C.
  • the reaction time depends on the temperature and is at least some days. Preference is given to a reaction time of at least 7 days to reach equilibrium of complex formation.
  • the reaction mixture is filtrated, if undissolved material is still present, or used directly, if completely dissolved.
  • the complex can be isolated, e.g., by chromatographic means.
  • the concentrations and ratio of trioxopyrimidine and cydodextrin are such that complex formation has occurred completely (reached the equilibrium) and no undissolved or uncomplexed trioxopyrimidine is detectable.
  • a trioxopyrimidine-cyclodextrin complex of the present invention may be used as such or in a powder form which is obtained by removing co-existing water. Examples of the method for removing water include lyophilization and drying under reduced pressure. A powder product obtained from lyophilization is particularly preferred.
  • the trioxopyrimidine-cydodextrin complex of the present invention exhibits its effects through either oral administration or parenteral administration, and it is preferably formed into a formulation for parenteral administration, particularly an injection formulation or topical administration, particularly an aerosol formulation.
  • the dose of the complex of the present invention may be modified appropriately in accordance with the age, body weight, and severity of the patient's symptom and the complex may be administered at a single time or in a divided manner.
  • Examples of the form of formulation include tablets, capsules, powders, and granules. These may be produced through a known technique by use of typical additives such as excipients, lubricants, and binders.
  • the invention relates to a method used for treating bronchial inflammatory diseases in a host mammal in need of such treatment, e.g., especially asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by the application of a complex according to the invention to a patient in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
  • Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the bronchial tree related or not to an allergen exposure. This inflammation provokes symptoms in patients by stimulating the bronchial smooth muscles to contract, enhancing the mucus secretion, and inducing bronchial morphological changes thought to be an aggravating factor regarding the course of the disease.
  • Airway hyperresponsiveness is a hallmark of the disease and is responsible for most of symptoms.
  • Bronchial tree is a very complex tissue with many cell types (epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, nerves, mucus producing cells, fibroblasts, and the like) and the bronchial remodelling events which comprise many aspects mainly consist in a deposition of extracellular matrix components in the bronchial walls and an hyperplasia of the mucus producing cells.
  • the use of complexes according to the invention inhibits the inflammatory cells influx in the compartments of bronchoalveolar lavage and peribronchial tissue and inhibits the hyperresponsiveness defined as an abnormal response to stimulating agents such as methacholine.
  • the disease and current treatments are reviewed in e.g.: GINA Workshop Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (NIH Publication No. 02-3659).
  • the invention therefore further relates to a method for treating or preventing in a host mammal in need of such treatment chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases using complexes according to the invention.
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases using complexes according to the invention.
  • bronchi are inflamed and the mucus glands are hyperplastic and produce high amounts of mucus.
  • the bronchial wall is abnormal and deposition of abnormal extracellular matrix components increases the resistance to airflow.
  • the disease and current treatments are described by, e.g., Fabbri, L. M., and Hurd, S. S., Eur. Respir. J. 22 (2003)1-2.
  • the invention therefore further relates to a method for treating or preventing in a host mammal in need of such treatment emphysema using complexes according to the invention.
  • a host mammal in need of such treatment emphysema using complexes according to the invention.
  • the alveolar walls are destroyed by proteolytic processes and this destruction impairs the transfer of oxygen to the blood.
  • Physiological problems also occurs because of the derived hyperinflation which causes abnormalities in the ventilation by causing a dysfunction of respiratory muscles and because of a hypertension in pulmonary arteries leading to cardiac failure in advanced stages.
  • trioxopyrimidine-cyclodextrin complexes are preferably administered over several months or years, to the patient in need of such a therapy.
  • the complexes are administered preferably by the aerosolization of a liquid or powder formulation, with non toxic doses ranging between micro and nanomolar concentrations per kg and day.
  • the exact dosage of the complexes according to the invention will vary, but can be easily determined. In general, the daily dosage of the complexes will range between 1 ⁇ mol/kg and day to 100 nmol/kg and day (concentration of the trioxopyrimidine in the complex).
  • the pharmaceutical compositions are preferably aqueous compositions having physiological compatibility.
  • the compositions include preferably, in addition, a pharmaceutically acceptable additive such as buffer, preservative and/or auxiliary substance.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable additive such as buffer, preservative and/or auxiliary substance.
  • buffer systems are based on sodium phosphate, sodium acetate or sodium borate.
  • Preservatives are required to prevent microbial contamination of the pharmaceutical composition during use. Suitable preservatives are, for example, benzalkonium chloride, chlorobutanol, methylparabene, propylparabene, phenylethyl alcohol, sorbic acid. Such preservatives are used typically in an amount of 0.01 to 1% weight/volume.
  • Suitable auxiliary substances and pharmaceutical formulations are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th ed., 1980, Mack Publishing Co., edited by Oslo et al.
  • an appropriate amount of a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt is used in the formulation to render the formulation isotonic.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable substances include saline, Ringer's solution and dextrose solution.
  • the pH of the solution is preferably from about 5 to about 8, and more preferably from about 7 to about 7.5.
  • the pH of the solution is preferably from about 6 to about 8.5, and more preferably from about 7.5 to about 8.5.
  • a preferred formulation according to the invention is an injectable or nebulizable formulation, preferably prepared from CD and trioxopyrimidine in a molar ratio of 1 to 500.
  • the complex is prepared by dissolving CD in water, adding a trioxopyrimidine of formula I and heat in a water bath until the latter is completely dissolved.
  • the solution is sterilized by filtration.
  • the solution has a osmolality of 200-400, preferably about 300 mOs/kg.
  • the pH is about 7.2.
  • the concentration of trioxopyrimidine and/or of CD can be modified in function of the requirements. It is preferred to adjust the tonicity by addition of NaCl.
  • a preferred formulation for nebulization contains trioxopyrimidine, CD, NaCl and water.
  • Trioxopyrimidine 0.05-0.2 g, preferably 0.1 g; 10-50 g CD, preferably 20 g CD, preferably HP ⁇ CD; sodium chloride 1.2-1.5 g, preferably 1.42 g (isotonicity) and water, preferably pyrogen-free, sterile, purified water ad 200 ml.
  • the solution was prepared by dissolving CD in 100 ml of purified water, adding trioxopyrimidine and NaCl by stirring so as to dissolve them and complete with water so as to obtain 200 ml of solution.
  • the solution is sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 ⁇ m polypropylene membrane or by a steam sterilization process.
  • ophthalmic use formulations oral use formulations, intra-uterine devices. Associations with other systems can also be considered, like nano- or microparticles or liposomes for example.
  • FIG. 1 shows the Compound I solubility obtained for both RM ⁇ CD and HP- ⁇ -CD.
  • Phase solubility diagrams are both of A P type which means that CDs form complexes of stoechioemetry 1:1 and 1:2. Stability constants were then calculated and their values are given in table 6.
  • FIG. 2 NMR spectrum of the complex of Compound I and DIME ⁇ CD (upper part) and of DIME ⁇ CD alone (lower part).
  • FIG. 3 NMR spectra of compound I (on the top), of DIME ⁇ CD (on the right-hand side) and T-ROESY (in the middle).
  • FIG. 4 Effects of intraperitoneal injection of a Compound I suspension on BAL eosinophil counts ( FIG. 2 a ) and peribronchial inflammation score ( FIG. 2 b ).
  • Controls are mice exposed only to PBS and not allergen (PBS) and mice exposed to ova by inhalation and placebo by intraperitoneal injection (OVA).
  • PBS PBS
  • OVA intraperitoneal injection
  • FIG. 5 Therapeutic effects of Compound I-HP- ⁇ -CD complex, fluticasone and placebo (PLAC) administered by aerosols on BAL eosinophilia ( 5 a ), peribronchial inflammation score ( 5 b ), and tissue eosinophils infiltration score ( 5 c ) in a short term (5 days) allergen exposure model.
  • PLAC fluticasone and placebo
  • FIG. 6 Therapeutic effects of Compound I-HP- ⁇ -CD complex, fluticasone and placebo (PBS) administered by aerosols on BAL eosinophilia ( 6 a ), peribronchial inflammation score ( 6 b ), and tissue eosinophils infiltration score ( 6 c ) in a long term (11 weeks) allergen exposure model.
  • FIG. 7 Phase solubility diagram of Compound I with HP- ⁇ -CD in purified water (•), L-lysine 50 mM (x) or L-lysine 500 mM ( ⁇ ).
  • the flasks containing compound I and the cydodextrins are placed being stirred in thermostatically controlled baths at 37° C. for 7 days, so that the complexation balance is reached. After this time, the suspensions are filtered with the help of a milli-pore filter 0.22 ⁇ m in PVDF and the filtrate is dissolved in DMSO in the mobile phase to obtain concentration samples situating themselves on the calibrating line. They are then dosed thanks to the validated HPLC method, described below.
  • Lichrocart Column (125 ⁇ 4 mm d.i.) filled with a stationary phase of octylsilane C8 LiChorspher® 60RP-Select B (5 ⁇ m) Merck.
  • phase-solubility diagrams were constructed according to Higuchi, T., and Connors, K. A., Advances in Analytical Chemistry and Instrumentation 4 (1965) 117-212. TABLE 5 Maximum increase in solubility of Compound I obtained for each cyclodextrin Maximum concentration Maximum used in mM solubility in Increase in for each CD ⁇ g/ml solubility ⁇ CD 4 6.8 12.1 HP ⁇ CD 200 4962 8860 x RM ⁇ CD 200 11926.5 21296 x ⁇ CD 200 29.1 51.96 x
  • Compound I has different solubility when it is in the complex form or not.
  • compound I shows a good solubility in acetonitrile ( ⁇ 700 ⁇ g/ml) while the HP- ⁇ -CD and the compound I-CD complex is insoluble in this solvent. In these conditions the included drug remains trapped and becomes insoluble in the solvent.
  • This technique of differential solubility between compound I in the free or in the complexed form can be applied to evaluate the percentage of complexation.
  • FIG. 7 shows the phase solubility diagram of Compound I obtained at 25° C. in the presence of HP- ⁇ -CD in purified water, in a 50 mM L-lysine solution and in a 500 mM L-lysine solution.
  • the aqueous solubility of Compound I increases as a function of CD concentration.
  • the solubility diagram obtained in the absence of L-lysine confirms the previously mentioned results: the solubility of Compound I in a 200 mM HP- ⁇ -CD solution is about 5.5 mg/ml (11 mM) which corresponds to an approximately 10,000-fold increase of the Compound I's aqueous solubility.
  • DIME- ⁇ -CD solutions were prepared in D 2 O at 10 mM concentration. As water solubility of compound I is too low, spectra of compound I alone could not be performed in D 2 O.
  • NMR spectra of compound I were performed in DMSO. All NMR experiments were performed on a Bruker DRX500 spectrometer operating at 500 MHz for proton. The temperature was set to 298K. Calibration was achieved using the residual resonance of the solvent as secondary reference of HDO. For T-ROESY experiments, a 300 msec mixing time was used. All processing were done on Silicon Graphics INDY data stations using WINNMR program for Bruker.
  • compositions of formulations are given for example non-exhaustively.
  • a preferred example for an injectable formulation is:
  • the solution osmolality is 308 mOs/kg.
  • the pH is 7.2.
  • the concentration of compound I and/or of CD can be modified in function of the requirements. It is preferred to adjust the tonicity by addition of NaCl.
  • a preferred formulation for nebulization is:
  • the Compound I/HP- ⁇ -CD intravenous solution was obtained by dissolving Compound I (10 mg/ml) in a solution containing HP- ⁇ -CD (200 mM), L-lysine (20 mM) and water for injection.
  • the osmolality about 325 mOsmol/kg
  • the pH about 8.2 values of this solution are compatible with an intravenous injection.
  • the solution was sterilized by passing through a sterile 0.20 ⁇ m cellulose acetate filter under aseptic conditions.
  • the Compound I/HP- ⁇ -CD oral solution was prepared by dissolving Compound I (15 mg/ml) in a solution containing HP- ⁇ -CD (200 mM), L-lysine (5 mM) and water.
  • the Compound I suspension was composed of Compound I (15 mg/ml), polysorbate 80 (0.1 mg/ml) as wetting agent, simaldrate (VEEGUM HV®, 1% m/v) and methylcellulose (METHOCEL A400®, 0.4% m/v) as viscosifying agents.
  • each animal received a Compound I dose equal to 15 mg/kg of body weight from both formulations. Sheep were weighed on the day of drug administration in order to adapt the dosage form volume. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein before and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 28, 32, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 hours after oral administration.
  • the dosing range of the method had to be increased until 50 ⁇ g/ml due to high concentrations to be determined.
  • a partial revalidation was performed and good results were obtained with respect to response function, trueness, precision, accuracy and linearity.
  • the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each animal using a linear two-compartment model with first-order distribution and elimination (Boroujerdi, M., Pharmacokinetics, Principles and Applications. McGrow-Hill Companies, USA, 2002).
  • the areas under the curve values (AUCs 0-168 ) were calculated by linear trapezoidal rule during the sampling period.
  • the AUC extrapolated until infinite values (AUCs 0- ⁇ ), the total body clearance values (Cl t ), the biologic half-life (T 1/2 ⁇ ) and the overall volume of distribution (Vd t ) were calculated using conventional equations associated with compartmental analysis (Boroujerdi, M., Pharmacokinetics, Principles and Applications. McGrow-Hill Companies, USA, 2002).
  • the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined, for each animal and for both suspension and solution, using a linear one-compartment model with first-order input and first-order output (Boroujerdi, M., Pharmacokinetics, Principles and Applications. McGrow-Hill Companies, USA, 2002).
  • the AUCs 0-168 were calculated as described above by trapezoidal summation.
  • FIG. 9 a The mean Compound I serum concentration versus time curve obtained after a single administration of the intravenous solution (5 mg/kg) to sheep is reported in FIG. 9 a .
  • FIG. 9 b (logarithm of the mean Compound I serum concentration versus time curve) shows that the Compound I pharmacokinetics follow a two-compartment model.
  • the distribution phase is short (about 30 minutes) showing that Compound I is rapidly distributed in the organism.
  • the overall volume of distribution is small (about 8 liters) which indicates that Compound I distribution would be limited to extracellular fluids and that Compound I diffusion into tissues would not be very important.
  • the Compound I biologic half-life is long (about 15.5 h) and, so, drug elimination is very slow.
  • the accumulation in the organism would not be caused by storage for example in fat but maybe by a strong binding with proteins or other components of plasma.
  • the total body clearance value was also calculated and is around 358.5 ml/h.
  • the serum concentrations of Compound I after administration of the solution are clearly higher than those obtained with an equal dose administered as a suspension.
  • the absorption phase observed with the solution (about 4 h) is shorter than that achieved after administration of the suspension (about 10 h).
  • the mean Compound I serum peak concentrations are about 54 and 5 ⁇ g/ml after administration of the solution and the suspension respectively.
  • C max of the solution is about 10 times higher than that of the suspension. A three times earlier T max is obtained with the solution (about 3.8 h) than with the suspension (about 11 h).
  • the AUC values follow the same trend as do the C max values: the AUCs after administration of the solution are about 10-fold higher than those after administration of the suspension. Consequently, after comparison with the I.V. solution, the absolute bioavailability is much higher with the solution (80%) than with the suspension (8%).
  • angiogenesis In the absence of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor compound I, the formation of new vessels (angiogenesis) is observed. In the presence of compound I alone, dissolved in DMSO, or in the form of inclusion complex in cyclodextrin, angiogenesis is inhibited significantly.
  • Apyrogenic phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Bio-Wittaker (Verviers, Belgium) and methacholine from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). All other materials were of analytical grade.
  • Sterile water for injection was used throughout this study.
  • Sterile, apyrogenic and isotonic CD solutions were prepared at 20, 50 and 75 mM.
  • a commercially available fluticasone solution for inhalation (Flixotide® 1 mg/ml) was purchased from Glaxo-Smithkdine (Genval, Belgium)
  • mice were sensitized with 10 ⁇ g ovalbumin alumin-adsorbed (aluminject, perbio, Erembodegem, Belgium) injected intraperitonealy at days 0 and 7 and were subsequently exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) 1% or PBS aerosols for 30 minutes from day 21 to 24. Intraperitoneal injections were performed 30 min before OVA inhalations.
  • ovalbumin alumin-adsorbed injected intraperitonealy at days 0 and 7 and were subsequently exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) 1% or PBS aerosols for 30 minutes from day 21 to 24.
  • OVA ovalbumin
  • the different injected formulations were: cremophor 10%-DMSO 10%-PBS 80%-Compound I30 mg/kg (suspension); cremophor 10%-DMSO 10%-PBS 80%-Compound I3.75 mg/kg (solution); HP ⁇ CD 200 mM Compound I 7.5 mg/kg (solution); HP ⁇ CD 200 mM. All results were compared to mice sensitized with OVA and exposed to PBS and OVA treated with PBS injected intraperitonealy. In order to study the modulation of airway inflammation by inhaled Compound I, mice were sensitized as described previously. Two protocols referred to as short exposure challenge and long-term exposure challenge were used.
  • mice were exposed to aerosols of Compound I-complex at concentrations of 0.03 and 0.3 mg/ml of active compound in aqueous solution of from day 21 to 27 during 30 min in a Plexiglas exposure chamber (30 ⁇ 20 ⁇ 15 cm). Mice were exposed to OVA aerosols 30 minutes after the Compound I inhalation from day 23 to 27.
  • mice were exposed to aerosols of Compound Iat concentrations of 0.03 and 0.3 mg/ml complexed with HP ⁇ CD in an aqueous solution during 30 min five days odd weeks and to OVA aerosols 3 days odd weeks for 11 weeks. No inhalations were performed during even weeks.
  • the aerosol were produced by using an ultrasonic nebuliser SYSTAM (Système Assistance Medical, Le Ledat, France), the vibration frequency of which is 2.4 MHz with variable vibration intensity and ventilation levels. Vibration intensity was fixed in position 6 and the ventilation level was 25( ⁇ 1/2 ) 1 /min.
  • SYSTAM Sonic nebuliser
  • the bronchial hyper responsiveness was determined by measuring the Penh using a barometric plethysmograph as proposed by Hamelmann, E., et al., Am. J Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156 (1997) 766-775). The Penh was measured at baseline and 5 min after the inhalation of increasing doses (25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) of methacholine (Mch).
  • mice Immediately after the assessment of airway responsiveness, mice were sacrificed and 1 ml of PBS free of ionised calcium and magnesium but supplemented with 0.05 mM sodium EDTA was instilled 4 times via a tracheal cannula and recovered by gentle manual aspiration.
  • the recovered bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) was centrifuged (1800 rpm for 10 min at 4° C.). The cell pellet was washed twice and finally resuspended in 1 ml of PBS.
  • a total cell count was performed in a Thoma chamber and the differential cell counts on at least 400 cells were performed on cytocentrifuged preparations (Cytospin 2; Cytospin, Shandon td., Runcorn, Cheshire, U.K.) using standard morphologic criteria after staining with Diff-Quick (Dade, Germany).
  • Cytospin 2 Cytospin, Shandon td., Runcorn, Cheshire, U.K.
  • Diff-Quick Dade, Germany
  • a value of 0 was adjudged when no inflammation was detectable, a value of 1 for occasional cuffing with inflammatory cells, a value of 2 when most bronchi were surrounded by a thin layer (1 to 5 cells) of inflammatory cells and a value of 3 when most bronchi were surrounded by a thick layer (>5 cells) of inflammatory cells.
  • inflammation scores could be expressed as a mean value per animal and could be compared between groups.
  • tissue eosinophil infiltration score specifically reflecting the amounts of eosinophils infiltrating the bronchial walls, was measured as follows: after a congo red staining, seven bronchi were studied per mouse.
  • the eosinophils were counted around the bronchi within the limits of the airway wall, the perimeter of the epithelial basement membrane was measured and the results were expressed as number of eosinophils/mm of basement membrane.
  • the left lung was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and crushed using a Mikro-Dismembrator S (Braun Biotech International, Melsungen, Germany) and the extracts stored at ⁇ 80° C. before studied. Kidneys were excised and paraffin embedded, sections of 5 ⁇ m were stained by haematoxylin and eosin. Blood was sampled by cardiac puncture and serum was stored at ⁇ 80° C. until analysis were performed.
  • the intraperitoneal injection of Compound I lowered the allergen-induced airway eosinophilic inflammation in BAL at doses of 3.75 to 30 mg/kg when compared to placebo ( FIG. 4 a ).
  • the peribronchial inflammation scores were also significantly lowered by Compound I with an equal efficacy of all tested formulations ( FIG. 4 b ).
  • the tissue eosinophil infiltration score was significantly lowered by the intraperitoneal injection of Compound I at doses of 7.5 and 25 mg/kg.
  • Compound I The intrinsic activity of Compound I was firstly assessed as a topically active anti-inflammatory agent by using a solution of Compound I 40 mg/ml in pure DMSO in a short-term exposure. When compared to the inhalation of DMSO alone, the inhalation of this formulation led to a significant decrease of BAL eosinophils (p ⁇ 0.005), peribronchial inflammation scores (p ⁇ 0.01), as well as bronchial hyperresponsiveness (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • BAL eosinophilia was significantly decreased after treatment by inhalation of Compound I-HP ⁇ CD containing formulations (p ⁇ 0.00) in the same extent as that of fluticasone ( FIG. 6 a ).
  • the peribronchial inflammation score was also significantly decreased by inhalation of Compound I-HP ⁇ CD containing formulations as well as by fluticasone (p ⁇ 0.000) ( FIG. 6 b ).
  • the tissue eosinophil infiltration score was also decreased after treatment by Compound I inhalation in an extent comparable to the fluticasone treated mice (p ⁇ 0.0) ( FIG. 6 c ).

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AU2005230380B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2010-09-23 Universite De Liege Cyclodextrin inclusions complexes of pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones
US10653899B2 (en) 2009-12-31 2020-05-19 Sol-Gel Technologies Ltd. Core stabilized microcapsules, method of their preparation and uses thereof
CA3170465A1 (fr) * 2020-03-23 2021-09-30 Al Czap Vehicules de complexes d'inclusion de cyclodextrine terpene oraux

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US8044035B2 (en) 2011-10-25
CN1950110A (zh) 2007-04-18
WO2005097058A2 (fr) 2005-10-20
EP1735007A2 (fr) 2006-12-27
MXPA06011031A (es) 2007-03-21
JP4787240B2 (ja) 2011-10-05
WO2005097058A3 (fr) 2006-08-17
JP2007530628A (ja) 2007-11-01
KR20070027528A (ko) 2007-03-09
CN1950110B (zh) 2012-11-21
BRPI0509583A (pt) 2007-10-09
CA2561660C (fr) 2012-10-30
AU2005230380B2 (en) 2010-09-23
RU2411043C2 (ru) 2011-02-10
RU2006138431A (ru) 2008-06-10
CA2561660A1 (fr) 2005-10-20
KR100771411B1 (ko) 2007-10-30
US20100261672A1 (en) 2010-10-14
AU2005230380A1 (en) 2005-10-20

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