US20070141435A1 - Fuel cell with a brazed interconnect and method of assembling the same - Google Patents

Fuel cell with a brazed interconnect and method of assembling the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070141435A1
US20070141435A1 US11/312,795 US31279505A US2007141435A1 US 20070141435 A1 US20070141435 A1 US 20070141435A1 US 31279505 A US31279505 A US 31279505A US 2007141435 A1 US2007141435 A1 US 2007141435A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
anode
interconnect
package
fuel cell
cathode
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Abandoned
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US11/312,795
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English (en)
Inventor
Wayne Hasz
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
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Priority to US11/312,795 priority Critical patent/US20070141435A1/en
Assigned to GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY reassignment GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HASZ, WAYNE CHARLES
Priority to DE102006060137A priority patent/DE102006060137A1/de
Priority to JP2006340634A priority patent/JP2007173234A/ja
Priority to CNA2006100640253A priority patent/CN1988236A/zh
Publication of US20070141435A1 publication Critical patent/US20070141435A1/en
Priority to US13/183,161 priority patent/US20110269054A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
    • H01M4/8885—Sintering or firing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
    • H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y10T29/4911—Electric battery cell making including sealing

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to fuel cells, and more specifically to solid oxide fuel cell systems with an efficient interconnecting arrangement.
  • Fuel cell produces electricity by catalyzing fuel and oxidant into ionized atomic hydrogen and oxygen at an anode and a cathode, respectively.
  • a series of electrochemical reactions in the cells are the sole means of generating electric power within the fuel cell.
  • a typical fuel cell includes an anode, an anode interconnect, an anode bond paste, an electrolyte, a cathode, a cathode bond paste and a cathode interconnect.
  • the anode bond paste is used to adhere the anode to the anode interconnect, while the cathode bond paste is used to adhere the cathode to the cathode interconnect. Electrons removed from hydrogen in an ionization process at the anode are conducted to the cathode where they ionize oxygen.
  • Solid oxide fuel cells have attracted considerable attention and have an advantage in enhancing efficiency of generation of electricity with their operation at high temperatures, typically above about 650° C.
  • the oxygen ions are conducted through a ceramic electrolyte where they combine with ionized hydrogen to form water as a waste product and complete the process.
  • the electrolyte is otherwise impermeable to both fuel and oxidant, and merely conducts oxygen ions.
  • SOFCs are typically assembled in electrical series in a fuel cell assembly to produce power at useful voltages.
  • an interconnecting member is used to connect adjacent SOFCs together in electrical series.
  • the anode and cathode interconnects are bonded by a bond paste to each SOFC.
  • the anode of such fuel cells is often chemically reduced, such as from nickel oxide to elemental nickel, sometimes resulting in a change in size, particularly when subjected to temperature cycling during use.
  • the bond paste used to connect the anode to the anode interconnect is fairly low in strength and delamination can occur after reduction of the anode.
  • Delamination is a process in which layers of composite materials separate over time due to repeated cyclic stresses or any kind of impact causing a loss in mechanical integrity. This also may lead to cracking of the electrolyte that is typically made of a ceramic compound. In addition, attempts to remedy such problems with excess bond paste can lead to blockage of air and fuel flow in a fuel cell assembly.
  • Another significant challenge is that once the SOFC is sealed and bonded in place, it is subject to volume changes during anode reduction. Again, the SOFC itself may crack or delaminate during post bonding anode reduction.
  • a method of assembling a fuel cell including forming a package of an anode and an electrolyte. The method also includes heating the package with a brazing material disposed adjacent to the anode to bond the anode to an interconnect.
  • a method of assembling a fuel cell includes forming a package of an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode. The package is then heated with a brazing material disposed adjacent to the anode and the cathode to bond the anode and the cathode to an interconnect.
  • a fuel cell in accordance with another aspect of the invention, includes an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte interposed between the anode and the cathode.
  • An anode interconnect disposed adjacent to the anode is also included.
  • the fuel cell further includes a brazing material disposed between the anode interconnect and the anode to bond the anode interconnect to the anode.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of an SOFC including an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode with a brazed interconnect in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a brazed SOFC including an anode interconnect with an inlet for incoming fuel gas and an outlet for outgoing fuel gas in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of a brazed SOFC in FIG. 2 including an anode interconnect in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of an interconnect contact surface with perforations on a contact surface for brazing in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of an anode bonded to the interconnect in FIG. 4 using a brazing material disposed at a webbing of the interconnect in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method of assembling an SOFC, where a cathode is disposed on a package including a reduced brazed anode and an electrolyte;
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method of assembling an SOFC, where a package of an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode are reduced and brazed together.
  • inventions of the present invention provide a fuel cell and a method of assembling a fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell described herein includes an anode interconnect with a brazing (metallic) material or “braze”, an anode, an electrolyte, a cathode, and a cathode interconnect with a bonding material.
  • the bonding material may include a braze or a cathode bond paste.
  • the brazing material is used to adhere the anode interconnect to the anode, and in some instances the cathode interconnect to the cathode.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a fuel cell 10 .
  • the fuel cell 10 is an SOFC.
  • the fuel cell 10 includes an anode 12 , an electrolyte 14 and a cathode 16 in a package as shown.
  • the electrolyte 14 is interposed between the anode 12 and the cathode 16 .
  • the anode 12 is adhered to an anode interconnect 18 by a brazing material 20 .
  • the cathode 16 is also adhered to a cathode interconnect 24 by a bonding material 22 .
  • the brazing material 20 can also be used at the periphery between the anode 12 and the anode interconnect 18 to act as a sealant to gas flow.
  • Any alloy of metals such as an alloy of nickel, chromium and boron, an alloy of nickel, chromium, and silicon, and an alloy of nickel, copper and manganese and other metals, may be employed as a brazing material as long as the braze chemistry and processing conditions bond the SOFC components without degrading their properties.
  • the bonding material 22 may be a braze or a cathode bond paste.
  • the anode 12 provides reaction sites for the electrochemical oxidation of a fuel introduced into the fuel cell.
  • the anode material is stable in the fuel-reducing environment, has adequate electronic conductivity, surface area and catalytic activity for the fuel gas reaction at the fuel cell operating conditions, and has sufficient porosity to allow gas transport to the reaction sites.
  • the anode can be made of a number of materials having these properties, such as metals including nickel (Ni), Ni alloy, silver (Ag), copper (Cu), noble metals, cobalt, ruthenium, as well as other materials, such as Ni-yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) cermet, copper Cu-YSZ cermet, ceramics or combinations thereof.
  • Electrolyte 14 is stacked upon anode 12 typically via deposition or lamination. During fuel cell operation, the electrolyte conducts ions between the anode 12 and the cathode 16 . The electrolyte carries ions produced at one electrode to the other electrode to balance the charge from the electron flow and complete the electrical circuit in the fuel cell. Additionally, the electrolyte separates the fuel from the oxidant in the fuel cell. Accordingly, the electrolyte is generally stable in both reducing and oxidizing environments, impermeable to reacting gases and adequately conductive at operating conditions. Typically, the electrolyte is electronically insulating.
  • the SOFC electrolyte can be made of a number of materials having these properties, such as zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), bismuth sesquioxide, pyrochlore oxides, doped zirconates, perovskite oxide materials, a ceramic compound of a metal oxide such as an oxide of calcium or zirconium and combinations thereof.
  • ZrO 2 zirconium oxide
  • YSZ yttria stabilized zirconia
  • CeO 2 cerium oxide
  • bismuth sesquioxide pyrochlore oxides
  • doped zirconates such as an oxide of calcium or zirconium and combinations thereof.
  • cathode 16 is disposed upon the electrolyte 14 .
  • the cathode provides reaction sites for the electrochemical reduction of the oxidant.
  • the cathode is chosen such that it is stable in the oxidizing environment, has sufficient ionic and electronic conductivity, surface area and catalytic activity for the oxidant gas reaction at the fuel cell operating conditions, and has sufficient porosity to allow gas transport to the reaction sites.
  • the cathode can be made of a number of materials having these properties, such as an electrically conductive oxide, perovskite, doped (LaMnO 3 ), Sr-doped LaMnO 4 (LSM), tin doped indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), strontium-doped praseodymium manganese trioxide (PrMnO 3 ), lanthanum iron oxide-lanthanum cobalt oxide (LaFeO 3 —LaCoO 3 ), ruthenium oxide yttria stabilized zirconia (RuO 2 -YSZ), lanthanum cobaltite (La cobaltite), and combinations thereof.
  • an electrically conductive oxide such as an electrically conductive oxide, perovskite, doped (LaMnO 3 ), Sr-doped LaMnO 4 (LSM), tin doped indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), strontium-doped praseodymium manganes
  • a cross sectional view 26 of the fuel cell 10 (shown in FIG. 1 ) is illustrated. It also illustrates access paths for fuel gas as explained below.
  • the fuel cell includes a cathode 16 stacked upon an electrolyte 14 , which in turn is disposed upon an anode 12 .
  • An anode interconnect 18 is bonded to the anode 12 by a brazing material 20 .
  • An inlet for incoming fuel gas 28 and an outlet for spent fuel gas 30 are provided on the anode interconnect 18 .
  • the fuel cell may be a SOFC.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a top view 32 of the fuel cell shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the top layer shown in FIG. 3 is the cathode 16 , disposed upon the electrolyte 14 , which in turn is stacked upon the anode 12 .
  • a brazing material 20 is deposited between the anode 12 and an anode interconnect 18 .
  • the anode interconnect 18 is configured to provide access for fuel gas by providing an inlet for allowing incoming fuel gas 28 and an outlet for spent fuel gas 30 .
  • Suitable configurations for use as anode interconnect may include a metallic lanced offset corrugation, a perforated metallic sheet and a metallic foam.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of the invention wherein an interconnect 34 is shown.
  • the interconnect 34 includes a hexagonally closed packed array of openings or perforations 36 through an interconnect contact surface 38 .
  • the interconnect contact surface 38 provides sufficient contact area to provide good mechanical bond to a fuel cell while also providing good electrical contact and fuel gas access to the anode (not shown). It has been found that the provision of perforations through the interconnect facilitates access to fuel gas to the anode.
  • the surface area between the perforations referred to as “webbing” 40 , is where the brazing material is disposed on to bond the anode or the cathode to the interconnect.
  • the interconnect 34 may be an anode interconnect or a cathode interconnect.
  • Suitable materials that may be used in interconnects include high chrome stainless steels, Ni alloys, noble metals and any metal that remains conductive and stable at the SOFC operating conditions.
  • Typical properties that are considered in choosing an interconnect material are high-temperature oxidation resistance, electrical conductivity, adhesion of oxide scale, thermal expansion, manufacturing process and cost.
  • the thickness of the interconnect may vary from 0.010 inch to 0.125 inch.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded cross sectional view 42 depicting bonding of the anode 12 to the interconnect 34 , as referenced to in FIG. 4 .
  • the brazing material 20 is disposed in the webbing 40 of the interconnect 34 .
  • the brazing material is disposed at periodic spacings along the length of the interconnect 34 . The spacings are maintained such that the bonding of the brazing material is sufficient enough to ensure that a pressure difference between one side of the interconnect and an opposite side of the fuel cell acting over an unsupported SOFC length does not crack the fuel cell.
  • An example of the spacing may be between 0.0625 inch and 0.5 inch.
  • FIG. 5 further shows the additional elements of the SOFC shown in the cross sectional view 24 of FIG. 2 , namely the cathode 16 , the electrolyte 14 , the anode 12 , the anode interconnect 18 , the inlet for incoming fuel gas 28 and the outlet for spent fuel gas 30 .
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart 44 illustrating exemplary steps involved in a method of assembling a fuel cell, according to aspects of present invention.
  • the method includes laminating an anode and an electrolyte of a fuel cell at step 46 .
  • the anode is then fired to the electrolyte to form the anode-electrolyte (AE) package in step 48 .
  • AE anode-electrolyte
  • a brazing material is then disposed (applied and brazed) on the interconnect to bond the interconnect to the reduced AE package at step 52 .
  • the reduced brazed AE package is further coupled to a cathode at step 54 .
  • One non-limiting advantage of the AE package being reduced in step 50 is that there is no volumetric change or shrinkage of the fuel cell after bonding to the interconnect as there is no further anode reduction involved later during disposition of the brazing material.
  • the method includes step 56 of disposing a brazing material on an interconnect to bond the interconnect to the AE package.
  • the brazed AE package may become reduced during the brazing step, after which a cathode is coupled to such a package, as referred to in step 60 .
  • an in-situ reduction step is usually employed; where an entire assembled fuel cell stack is brought up to temperature with a reducing gas on an anode side to completely reduce the anode before electrical power is produced.
  • Disposing the brazing material to bond an interconnect also includes heating the AE package with the brazing material deposited adjacent to the anode, to bond the anode to the interconnect.
  • the method Prior to disposing the brazing material, the method also includes forming a perforation in the interconnect.
  • the brazing material is then deposited on the interconnect.
  • the brazing material may also be disposed around a periphery of the anode to form a seal to the gas flow upon heating.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart 62 illustrating exemplary steps for a method of assembling a fuel cell.
  • the method includes at step 64 , laminating a cathode with a previously fired anode and an electrolyte.
  • the cathode is further fired to the anode and the electrolyte to form an anode-electrolyte-cathode (AEC) package at step 66 .
  • AEC anode-electrolyte-cathode
  • AEC anode-electrolyte-cathode
  • a brazing material is then disposed on an interconnect to bond the interconnect to the reduced AEC package in step 70 .
  • a non-limiting advantage of the reduction in step 66 is that there is no volumetric change or shrinkage of the fuel cell as there is no anode or cathode reduction involved later during disposition of the brazing material.
  • the method includes a step 72 of disposing a brazing material to bond an interconnect to the AEC package.
  • the anode side of the brazed AEC package is then reduced in step 74 (as described in paragraph 26 ).
  • Disposing the brazing material to bond an interconnect includes heating the AEC package with the brazing material deposited adjacent to the anode and the cathode, to bond the anode and the cathode to the interconnect.
  • the method Prior to disposing the brazing material, the method also includes forming a perforation in the interconnect and the brazing material is deposited on the interconnect.
  • the brazing material may also be disposed around a periphery of the anode and the cathode to form a seal to the gas flow upon heating.
  • brazing material helps in reducing the possibility of breakage or cracking in the fuel cell.
  • an anode bond paste and a cathode bond paste do not provide good support over the relatively large surface area of an interconnect.
  • the brazing material helps in providing adequate support. It has also been found that disposing the brazing material on the interconnect also addresses the issue of lack of electrical contact to the anode or cathode due to poor bonding of the anode and cathode bond paste. It is also possible to add extra braze at a perimeter of the SOFC to act as a gas seal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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US11/312,795 2005-12-20 2005-12-20 Fuel cell with a brazed interconnect and method of assembling the same Abandoned US20070141435A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/312,795 US20070141435A1 (en) 2005-12-20 2005-12-20 Fuel cell with a brazed interconnect and method of assembling the same
DE102006060137A DE102006060137A1 (de) 2005-12-20 2006-12-18 Brennstoffzelle mit einem hartverlöteten Interkonnektor und Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen derselben
JP2006340634A JP2007173234A (ja) 2005-12-20 2006-12-19 蝋付けされた相互接続を有する燃料電池およびこれを組み立てる方法
CNA2006100640253A CN1988236A (zh) 2005-12-20 2006-12-20 带有钎接互连的燃料电池和组装所述燃料电池的方法
US13/183,161 US20110269054A1 (en) 2005-12-20 2011-07-14 Fuel cell with a brazed interconnect and method of assembling the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/312,795 US20070141435A1 (en) 2005-12-20 2005-12-20 Fuel cell with a brazed interconnect and method of assembling the same

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US13/183,161 Continuation-In-Part US20110269054A1 (en) 2005-12-20 2011-07-14 Fuel cell with a brazed interconnect and method of assembling the same

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JP (1) JP2007173234A (zh)
CN (1) CN1988236A (zh)
DE (1) DE102006060137A1 (zh)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009020608A1 (en) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-12 Corning Incorporated Composite cathode for use in solid oxide fuel cell devices
FR2940857A1 (fr) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-09 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'un electrolyseur haute temerature ou d'une pile a combustible haute temperature comprenant un empilement de cellules elementaires
CN110449160A (zh) * 2019-07-30 2019-11-15 天津大学 用于电催化净化有机废水的掺杂钴酸镧材料及其制备方法
US10666116B2 (en) 2015-10-19 2020-05-26 Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal Electro drive system

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US11121382B2 (en) * 2018-01-08 2021-09-14 Cummins Enterprise, Llc Solid oxide fuel cell stacks having a barrier layer and associated methods thereof

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US5770327A (en) * 1997-08-15 1998-06-23 Northwestern University Solid oxide fuel cell stack
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JPH07235312A (ja) * 1994-02-23 1995-09-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 導電性接合剤
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US5496655A (en) * 1994-10-12 1996-03-05 Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company Catalytic bipolar interconnection plate for use in a fuel cell
US5770327A (en) * 1997-08-15 1998-06-23 Northwestern University Solid oxide fuel cell stack
US6051173A (en) * 1998-01-15 2000-04-18 International Business Machines Corporation Method of making a solid oxide fuel cell with controlled porosity
US6677069B1 (en) * 2000-08-18 2004-01-13 Hybrid Power Generation Systems, Llc Sealless radial solid oxide fuel cell stack design
US20030077498A1 (en) * 2001-10-19 2003-04-24 Cable Thomas L. High performance ceramic fuel cell interconnect with integrated flowpaths and method for making same
US20030203267A1 (en) * 2002-04-26 2003-10-30 Yeong-Shyung Chou Multi-layer seal for electrochemical devices
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009020608A1 (en) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-12 Corning Incorporated Composite cathode for use in solid oxide fuel cell devices
FR2940857A1 (fr) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-09 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication d'un electrolyseur haute temerature ou d'une pile a combustible haute temperature comprenant un empilement de cellules elementaires
WO2010079184A1 (fr) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-15 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Procede de fabrication d'un electrolyseur haute temperature ou d'une pile a combustible haute temperature comprenant un empilement de cellules elementaires
US9755260B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2017-09-05 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Method for manufacturing a high-temperature electrolyser or a high-temperature fuel cell comprising a stack of elementary cells
US10666116B2 (en) 2015-10-19 2020-05-26 Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal Electro drive system
CN110449160A (zh) * 2019-07-30 2019-11-15 天津大学 用于电催化净化有机废水的掺杂钴酸镧材料及其制备方法

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