US20070119833A1 - METHOD FOR CUTTING C-Mn STEEL WITH A FIBER LASER - Google Patents

METHOD FOR CUTTING C-Mn STEEL WITH A FIBER LASER Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070119833A1
US20070119833A1 US11/560,287 US56028706A US2007119833A1 US 20070119833 A1 US20070119833 A1 US 20070119833A1 US 56028706 A US56028706 A US 56028706A US 2007119833 A1 US2007119833 A1 US 2007119833A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
laser beam
cutting
laser
mrad
ytterbium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/560,287
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English (en)
Inventor
Francis Briand
Karim Chouf
Hakim Maazaoui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Lincoln Electric Co France SA
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Air Liquide Welding France
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Publication date
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Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude, Air Liquide Welding France filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Assigned to AIR LIQUIDE WELDING FRANCE, L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE reassignment AIR LIQUIDE WELDING FRANCE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRIAND, FRANCIS, CHOUF, KARIM, MAAZAOUI, HAKIM
Publication of US20070119833A1 publication Critical patent/US20070119833A1/en
Priority to US13/152,159 priority Critical patent/US8710400B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
    • B23K26/1436—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for pressure control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser cutting method for cutting carbon-manganese (C-Mn) steel using a laser source of the ytterbium-based fiber type.
  • laser cutting using a laser source of the CO 2 type to generate a laser beam, with a wavelength of 10.6 ⁇ m and a power ranging up to 6 kW, is widely used in industry.
  • C-Mn steel is understood to mean any non-alloy steel or low-alloy steel, the carbon and manganese contents of which are less than 2% by weight and the contents of the other alloying elements optionally present are less than 5% by weight.
  • the cutting speeds that can be achieved and the cutting quality that results therefrom are very variable, depending on the material to be cut and, moreover, depending on the cutting method parameters adopted, such as the nature of the assistance gas, the diameter of the focused beam, the power of the incident laser, etc.
  • CO 2 lasers cannot be used with assistance gases of low-ionization potential, for example such as argon, without the risk of generating parasitic plasmas that could impair the method.
  • assistance gases of low-ionization potential for example such as argon
  • CO 2 lasers are limited in terms of power, thereby directly impacting the cutting speed.
  • the fact of having to guide the laser beam from the laser generator right to the focusing head, that is to say the cutting head, has drawbacks, especially as regards alignment of the optics in the optical path.
  • guiding optics are generally polished and/or coated copper mirrors and their positions determine the path followed by the laser beam. Therefore, the alignment of the mirrors must be perfect in order to ensure optimum entry of the laser beam into the focusing head or cutting head.
  • the position of these mirrors is generally adjusted by mechanical means, which may easily go out of alignment according to the wear of parts and the environmental conditions, such as the ambient temperature, moisture content, etc.
  • the optical path of the beam must necessarily be kept in an inert atmosphere in order to avoid any contamination and to maintain a medium with a constant optical index, which is necessary for good propagation of the beam.
  • the quality factor for beam parameter product (BPP) of the high-power CO 2 laser beams used in cutting generally being between 3 mm.mrad and 6 mm.mrad.
  • BPP beam parameter product
  • Nd:YAG lasers have quality factors (BPP values) unsuitable for the laser cutting process hence their range from around 15 mm.mrad to 30 mm.mrad, depending on the laser source.
  • the higher the quality factor of a laser i.e. the higher the product of the focused beam waist multiplied by the beam divergence, the less effective the laser beam for the laser cutting process.
  • the transverse energy distribution in a focused Nd:YAG laser beam is not Gaussian but has a top-hat profile, while beyond the focal point the transverse energy distribution is random.
  • the problem that arises is therefore how to provide an improved and industrially acceptable method for cutting C-Mn steels with a laser beam, which can achieve, depending on the thickness in question, speeds ranging up to 15 to 20 m/min, or even higher, and good cutting quality, that is to say straight cutting faces, no burrs, limited roughness, etc.
  • the solution provided by the invention is therefore a laser cutting method for cutting a C-Mn steel workpiece, characterized in that laser beam generation means comprising at least one ytterbium-containing fiber for generating a laser beam used to melt the workpiece and thereby perform the actual cutting, and in that the quality factor of the laser beam is between 0.33 and 8 mm.mrad.
  • the laser beam generation means comprise an exciter, preferably several exciters, which cooperate with at least one excited element, also called amplifying medium, in order to generate the laser beam.
  • the exciters are preferably several laser diodes, while the excited elements are fibers, preferably silica fibers with an ytterbium-doped core.
  • laser beam generation means and “resonator” will be used indiscriminately.
  • the method of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
  • FIG. 1 appended hereto is a diagram showing the principle of an installation for implementing a laser cutting method using a laser beam 3 to cut a C-Mn steel workpiece 10 , employing a laser source 1 with a resonator 2 or laser beam generation means comprising a silica fiber with an ytterbium-doped core to generate the laser beam 3 .
  • the laser source 1 is used to generate a laser beam 3 with a wavelength between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, more precisely, at 1.07 ⁇ m.
  • the beam 3 propagates through beam-conveying means 4 , such as an optical fiber made of fused silica with a diameter of between 20 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, as far as the zone 11 of interaction between the beam 3 and the workpiece 10 where the beam strikes the C-Mn steel workpiece and melts the constituent material of said workpiece, thus forming the kerf.
  • beam-conveying means 4 such as an optical fiber made of fused silica with a diameter of between 20 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, as far as the zone 11 of interaction between the beam 3 and the workpiece 10 where the beam strikes the C-Mn steel workpiece and melts the constituent material of said workpiece, thus forming the kerf.
  • the laser beam 3 On exiting from this fiber 4 , the laser beam 3 possesses particular optical characteristics and a quality factor (BPP) of between 1 and 8 mm.mrad.
  • BPP quality factor
  • the beam 3 is then collimated using an optical collimator 5 equipped with a collimation doublet made of fused silica coated so as to limit the divergence of the beam exiting the fiber and to make the laser beam parallel.
  • the parallel beam 3 is then focused onto or into the workpiece 10 to be cut by a coated, fused-silica lens 6 having a focal length of between 80 mm and 510 mm, preferably between 100 mm and 250 mm.
  • the beam 3 Before striking the workpiece 10 , the beam 3 passes axially through the laser head 6 , which is equipped with a nozzle 7 having an axial exit orifice 8 located facing the workpiece 10 to be cut, the beam 3 and the assistance gas passing through said nozzle.
  • the orifice of the nozzle may be between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  • the laser head 6 itself is fed with assistance gas via a gas inlet 9 , for example for an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium or a mixture of several of these gases, or else an active gas, for example, such as oxygen, or even active gas/inert gas mixtures.
  • a gas inlet 9 for example for an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium or a mixture of several of these gases, or else an active gas, for example, such as oxygen, or even active gas/inert gas mixtures.
  • the pressurized assistance gas is used to remove the molten metal from the kerf 12 being formed in the workpiece 10 , as the workpiece undergoes relative displacement with respect to the laser head 6 along the desired cutting path.
  • the reverse situation consisting in moving the cutting head while keeping the workpiece stationary gives the same result.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration during cutting at the kerf (material of thickness e), where the angle of divergence ⁇ of the laser beam after focusing, the diameter 2Wo of the focused beam and the angle ⁇ of the cutting front have been indicated.
  • the beam quality factor or BPP is defined as the product of the divergence angle ⁇ multiplied by its radius Wo.
  • the cutting process is governed by the absorption of energy from the laser beam in the material during cutting. Depending on the wavelength of the laser beam employed, there therefore exists an optimum angle for energy absorption by the material. Outside this optimum angle, some of the energy is reflected and/or lost.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the fact that, in the optimum cutting condition, the angle ⁇ of the cutting front corresponds to exposure of the entire thickness e of the material to the beam with a diameter 2Wo.
  • FIG. 4 shows the variation in the optimum angle ⁇ of the cutting front as a function of the cutting thickness.
  • the upper curve corresponds to that obtained with a 4 kW CO 2 laser in TEM 01* mode, while the lower curve is that obtained with a 2 kW ytterbium-based fiber laser according to the invention.
  • the two curves are not coincident because of the difference in optimum energy absorption angle at 10.6 ⁇ m, which is the wavelength of the CO 2 laser, and at 1.07 ⁇ m, which is the wavelength of the ytterbium-based fiber laser.
  • the maximum angle for transmitting the laser energy into the material is obtained geometrically, and is the sum of the angles, namely ⁇ + ⁇ .
  • a laser beam having a quality factor preferably between 1 and 8 mm.mrad, preferably between 2 and 8 mm.mrad, is used.
  • the laser source used in the example below consisted of an amplifying medium formed from ytterbium-doped silica fibers, generating a laser beam of 2 kW power and 1.07 ⁇ m wavelength, propagated in a 100 ⁇ m coated fused-silica optical fiber, possessing a quality factor (BPP) on exiting the fiber of 4 mm.mrad.
  • the collimator located at the exit of the fiber was equipped with a doublet of 55 mm focal length.
  • cutting trials were carried out on C-Mn steel workpieces having thicknesses of between 2 mm and 20 mm.
  • the gas used was injected into the interaction zone where the beam interacts with the workpiece at pressures varying between 0.6 and 20 bar depending on the gas used, through laser cutting nozzles having orifices with diameters ranging between 0.5 and 3 mm depending on the case.
  • the trials were carried out with oxygen at pressures between 0.4 and 1 bar, typically 0.7 bar, for nozzles with a diameter ranging from 1 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • Focusing lenses with a focal length of between 127 mm and 190.5 mm were used to focus the laser beam generated by a resonator based on ytterbium-doped fibers. More precisely, for a 2 mm thickness to be cut, a lens with a focal length of 127 mm was used, while for the other thicknesses, a focal length of 190.5 mm was used.
  • This beam was conveyed to the focusing lens of the cutting head by optical conveying means, such as a 100 ⁇ m-diameter optical fiber.
  • FIG. 2 shows the speed obtained (plotted on the y-axis) as a function of the thickness to be cut (plotted on the x-axis).
  • the method of the invention has demonstrated its effectiveness in terms of cutting speed and cut quality, in particular for thicknesses of less than 20 mm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US11/560,287 2005-11-25 2006-11-15 METHOD FOR CUTTING C-Mn STEEL WITH A FIBER LASER Abandoned US20070119833A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/152,159 US8710400B2 (en) 2005-11-25 2011-06-02 Method for cutting C—Mn steel with a fiber laser

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0553605A FR2893872B1 (fr) 2005-11-25 2005-11-25 Procede de coupage avec un laser a fibre d'acier c-mn
FR0553605 2005-11-25

Related Child Applications (1)

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US13/152,159 Continuation US8710400B2 (en) 2005-11-25 2011-06-02 Method for cutting C—Mn steel with a fiber laser

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US13/152,159 Expired - Fee Related US8710400B2 (en) 2005-11-25 2011-06-02 Method for cutting C—Mn steel with a fiber laser

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EP (1) EP1790427B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5535424B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1972039B (de)
AT (1) ATE418415T1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0605973B8 (de)
CA (1) CA2568030C (de)
DE (1) DE602006004423D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2319329T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2893872B1 (de)
PL (1) PL1790427T3 (de)
PT (1) PT1790427E (de)
SI (1) SI1790427T1 (de)

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US20070119834A1 (en) * 2005-11-25 2007-05-31 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for cutting stainless steel with a fiber laser
US20070278195A1 (en) * 2004-11-10 2007-12-06 Synova Sa Method and Device for Generating a Jet of Fluid for Material Processing and Fluid Nozzle for Use in Said Device
WO2009007708A2 (en) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-15 The University Of Manchester Laser cutting
US20090039060A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2009-02-12 Niclas Palmquist Lasercutting With Scanner
US20090218326A1 (en) * 2006-02-03 2009-09-03 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'eploitation Des Procedes Georges Cladue Cutting method using a laser having at least one ytterbium-based fiber, in which at least the power of the laser source, the diameter of the focused beam and the beam quality factor are controlled
US20100072182A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Air Liquide Industrial Us Lp Fiber Laser Cutting Process with Multiple Foci
US20120031883A1 (en) * 2009-05-25 2012-02-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Laser machining device and laser machining method
US8710400B2 (en) 2005-11-25 2014-04-29 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for cutting C—Mn steel with a fiber laser
US9339890B2 (en) 2011-12-13 2016-05-17 Hypertherm, Inc. Optimization and control of beam quality for material processing
USD762253S1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2016-07-26 Japan Transport Engineering Company Friction stir welding tool
US20170291262A1 (en) * 2014-10-15 2017-10-12 Amada Holdings Co., Ltd. Sheet metal processing method using laser beams and direct diode laser processing device for carrying it out
US10675708B2 (en) 2016-08-11 2020-06-09 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Method for laser cutting with optimized gas dynamics
US11298772B2 (en) * 2018-09-26 2022-04-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Welding apparatus and nozzle device
US11465238B2 (en) * 2019-02-13 2022-10-11 Bystronic Laser Ag Gas guide, laser cutting head and laser cutting machine

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DE102020212088A1 (de) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-31 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zum Laserschneiden
CN114985974A (zh) * 2022-06-16 2022-09-02 西北工业大学太仓长三角研究院 一种厚板万瓦级激光亮面切割方法
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BRPI0605973A (pt) 2007-09-04
FR2893872A1 (fr) 2007-06-01
EP1790427A3 (de) 2007-06-13
CN1972039A (zh) 2007-05-30
BRPI0605973B8 (pt) 2016-09-13
BRPI0605973B1 (pt) 2015-07-28
SI1790427T1 (sl) 2009-06-30
US20120012570A1 (en) 2012-01-19
JP5535424B2 (ja) 2014-07-02
FR2893872B1 (fr) 2008-10-17
US8710400B2 (en) 2014-04-29
CA2568030A1 (fr) 2007-05-25
CA2568030C (fr) 2014-10-07
CN1972039B (zh) 2012-06-06
DE602006004423D1 (de) 2009-02-05
ES2319329T3 (es) 2009-05-06
ATE418415T1 (de) 2009-01-15
PT1790427E (pt) 2009-03-05
EP1790427B1 (de) 2008-12-24
JP2007144518A (ja) 2007-06-14
PL1790427T3 (pl) 2009-06-30

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