Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with 5- or 6-substituted-benzimidazole derivatives having antiviral activity, in particular, having an inhibitory activity on the replication of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It further concerns the preparation thereof and compositions comprising these compounds.
• RSV respiratory syncytial virus
• Human RSV or Respiratory Syncytial Virus is a large RNA virus, member of the family of Paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirinae together with bovine RSV virus.
• Human RSV is responsible for a spectrum of respiratory tract diseases in people of all ages throughout the world. It is the major cause of lower respiratory tract illness during infancy and childhood. Over half of all infants encounter RSV in their first year of life, and almost all within their first two years. The infection in young children can cause lung damage that persists for years and may contribute to chronic lung disease in later life (chronic wheezing, asthma). Older children and adults often suffer from a (bad) common cold upon RSV infection. In old age, susceptibility again increases, and RSV has been implicated in a number of outbreaks of pneumonia in the aged resulting in significant mortality.
• ribavirin a nucleoside analogue
• the other two drugs, RespiGam® and palivizumab, polyclonal and monoclonal antibody immunostimulants, are intended to be used in a preventive way.
• the present invention concerns inhibitors of RSV replication, which can be represented by formula (I) their prodrug, N-oxides, addition salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes and stereochemically isomeric forms wherein
• the invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I), or a prodrug, N-oxide, addition salt, quaternary amine, metal complex and stereochemically isomeric form thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting RSV replication.
• the invention relates to a method of inhibiting RSV replication in a warm-blooded animal said method comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a prodrug, N-oxide, addition salt, quaternary amine, metal complex and stereochemically isomeric form thereof.
• this invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I) as well as methods for preparing these compounds.
• prodrug as used throughout this specification and claims means the pharmacologically acceptable derivatives, e.g. esters and amides, such that the resulting biotrasformation product of the derivative is the active drug as defined in the compounds of formula (I).
• the reference by Goodman and Gilman (The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8 th ed., McGraw-Hill, Int. Ed. 1992, “Biotransformation of Drugs”, p. 13-15) describing prodrugs generally, is hereby incorporated.
• Prodrugs are characterized by a good aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and are readily metabolized into the active inhibitors in vivo.
• C 1-10 alkanediyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents and ‘C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents’ such as used in the definition of G and respectively R 6 or R 6a are meant to comprise C 1-10 alkanediyl or C 1-6 alkyl radicals having two or more substituents, for example two, three, four, five or six substituents, in particular two or three substituents, further in particular two substituents.
• the upper limit of the number of substituents is determined by the number of hydrogen atoms that can be replaced as well as by the general properties of the substituents such as their bulkiness, these properties allowing the skilled person to determine said upper limit.
• polyhaloC 1-6 alkyl as a group or part of a group, e.g. in polyhaloC 1-6 alkyloxy, is defined as mono- or polyhalo substituted C 1-6 alkyl, in particular C 1-6 alkyl substituted with up to one, two, three, four, five, six, or more halo atoms, such as methyl or ethyl with one or more fluoro atoms, for example, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl.
• perfluoro C 1-6 alkyl groups which are C 1-6 alkyl groups whereion all hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluoro atoms, e.g. pentafluoroethyl.
• fluoro atoms e.g. pentafluoroethyl.
• the halogen atoms maybe the same or different.
• Each of the monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycles in the definition of R 1 may optionally be substituted with 1 or where possible more substituents, such as 2, 3, 4 or 5, substituents.
• said heterocycles may optionally be substituted with up to 4, up to 3, up to 2 substituents, or up to 1 substituent.
• Each Ar 1 or Ar 2 may be unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1 or more substituents, such as 5 or 4 substituents or, which is preferred, up to 3 substituents, or up to two substituents, or with one substituent
• Ar 3 is phenyl, naphthalenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalenyl or indanyl, which each may optionally with one or more substituents, such as 5 or 4 substituents or, which is preferred, up to 3 substituents, or up to two substituents, or with one substituent.
• a hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl group when substituted on an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom preferably is a hydroxyC 2-6 alkyl group wherein the hydroxy group and the oxygen or nitrogen are separated by at least two carbon atoms.
• R 6 or R 6a can be C 1-6 alkyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from NR 7a R 7b , hydroxy, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, Ar 2 -oxy-, Ar 2 -thio-, Ar 2 (CH 2 ) n oxy, Ar 2 (CH 2 ) n thio, aminocarbonyloxy, C 1-4 alkylcarbonyloxy, Ar 2 carbonyloxy, Ar 2 (CH 2 ) n carbonyloxy, C 1-4 alkoxycarbonyl(CH 2 ) n oxy, mono- and di(C 1-4 alkyl)aminocarbonyloxy.
• C 1-6 alkyl preferably has at least two carbon atoms (i.e. C 2-6 alkyl) and the said substituents are not substituted on the carbon atom linked to the nitrogen bearing Q.
• C 1-4 alkyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl and the like;
• C 2-4 alkyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethyl propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl and the like;
• C 1-6 alkyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as the groups defined for C 1-4 alkyl and pentyl, hexyl, 2-methylbutyl and the like.
• C 2-6 alkenyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having at least one double bond, and preferably having one double bond, and further having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as ethenyl, propenyl, buten-1-yl, buten-2-yl, penten-1-yl, penten-2-yl, hexen-1-yl, hexen-2-yl, hexen-3-yl, 2-methylbuten-1-yl and the like.
• C 3-7 cycloalkyl is generic to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• C 2-5 alkanediyl defines bivalent straight and branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as, for example, 1,2-ethanediyl, 1,3-propanediyl, 1,4-butanediyl, 1,2-propanediyl, 2,3-butanediyl, 1,5-pentanediyl and the like
• C 1-4 alkanediyl defines bivalent straight and branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, 1,2-ethanediyl, 1,3-propanediyl, 1,4-butanediyl and the like
• C 1-6 alkanediyl is meant to include C 1-4 alkanediyl and the higher homologues thereof having from 5 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, 1,5-pentanediyl, 1,6-hexanediyl
• C 1-10 alkanediyl is meant to include C 1-6 alkanediyl and the higher homologues thereof having from 7 to 10 carbon atoms such as, for example, 1,7-heptanediyl, 1,8-octanediyl, 1,9-nonanediyl, 1,10-decanediyl and the like.
• the term ( ⁇ O) forms a carbonyl moiety when attached to a carbon atom, a sulfoxide moiety when attached to a sulfur atom and a sulfonyl moiety when two of said terms are attached to a sulfur atom.
• the term ( ⁇ N—OH) forms a hydroxyimine moiety when attached to a carbon atom.
• halo is generic to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
• radical positions on any molecular moiety used in the definitions may be anywhere on such moiety as long as it is chemically stable.
• Radicals used in the definitions of the variables include all possible isomers unless otherwise indicated.
• pyridyl includes 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl
• pentyl includes 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl and 3-pentyl.
• each definition is independent.
• the term “compounds of formula (I)”, or “the present compounds” or similar term is meant to include the compounds of general formula (I), their prodrugs, N-oxides, addition salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes and stereochemically isomeric forms.
• An interesting subgroup of the compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof are the N-oxides, salts and all the stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I).
• stereochemically isomeric forms as used hereinbefore defines all the possible compounds made up of the same atoms bonded by the same sequence of bonds but having different three-dimensional structures which are not interchangeable, which the compounds of formula (I) may possess.
• the chemical designation of a compound encompasses the mire of all possible stereochemically isomeric forms which said compound may possess. Said mixture may contain all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the basic molecular structure of said compound. All stereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of the present invention both in pure form or in admixture with each other are intended to be embraced within the scope of the present invention.
• stereoisomerically pure concerns compounds or intermediates having a stereoisomeric excess of at least 80% (i.e. minimnnum 90% of one isomer and maximum 10% of the other possible isomers) up to a stereoisomeric excess of 100% (i.e.
• Pure stereoisomeric forms of the compounds and intermediates of this invention may be obtained by the application of art-known procedures.
• enantiomers may be separated from each other by the selective crystallization of their diastereomeric salts with optically active acids or bases. Examples thereof are tartaric acid, dibenzoyl-tartaric acid, ditoluoyltartaric acid and camphosulfonic acid.
• enantiomers may be separated by chromatographic techniques using chiral stationary phases.
• Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate staring materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically.
• a specific stereoisomer is desired, said compound will be synthesized by stereospecific methods of preparation. These methods will advantageously employ enantiomerically pure starting materials.
• the diastereomeric racemates of formula (I) can be obtained separately by conventional methods.
• Appropriate physical separation methods that may advantageously be employed are, for example, selective crystallization and chromatography, e.g. column chromatography.
• a person skilled in the art is able to determine the absolute configuration of such compounds using art-known methods such as, for example, X-ray diffraction.
• the present invention is also intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring on the present compounds.
• Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.
• isotopes of carbon include C-13 and C-14.
• salts of the compounds of formula (I) are those wherein the counterion is pharmaceutically acceptable.
• salts of acids and bases which are non-pharmaceutically acceptable may also find use, for example, in the preparation or purification of a pharmaceutically acceptable compound. All salts, whether pharmaceutically acceptable or not are included within the ambit of the present invention.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable acid and base addition salts as mentioned hereinabove are meant to comprise the therapeutically active non-toxic acid and base addition salt forms which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can conveniently be obtained by treating the base form with such appropriate acid.
• Appropriate acids comprise, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrohalic acids, e.g. hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric and the like acids; or organic acids such as, for example, acetic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic (i.e. ethanedioic), malonic, succinic (i.e.
• butanedioic acid maleic, fumaric, malic (i.e. hydroxybutanedioic acid), tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclamic, salicylic, p-aminosalicylic, pamoic and the like acids.
• salt forms can be converted by treatment with an appropriate base into the free base form.
• the compounds of formula (I) containing an acidic proton may also be converted into their non-toxic metal or amine addition salt forms by treatment with appropriate organic and inorganic bases.
• Appropriate base salt forms comprise, for example, the ammonium salts, the alkali and earth alkaline metal salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium salts and the like, salts with organic bases, e.g. the benzathine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, hydrabamine salts, and salts with amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine and the like.
• addition salt as used hereinabove also comprises the solvates which the compounds of formula (I) as well as the salts thereof, are able to form.
• solvates are for example hydrates, alcoholates and the like.
• quaternary amine as used hereinbefore defines the quaternary ammonium salts which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form by reaction between a basic nitrogen of a compound of formula (I) and an appropriate quaternizing agent, such as, for example, an optionally substituted alkylhalide, arylhalide or arylalkylhalide, e.g. methyliodide or benzyliodide.
• Other reactants with good leaving groups may also be used, such as alkyl trifluoromethanesulfonates, alkyl methanesulfonates, and alkyl p-toluenesulfonates.
• a quaternary amine has a positively charged nitrogen.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable counterions include chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoroacetate and acetate. The counterion of choice can be introduced using ion exchange resins.
• N-oxide forms of the present compounds are meant to comprise the compounds of formula (I) wherein one or several nitrogen atoms are oxidized to the so-called N-oxide.
• the compounds of formula (I) may have metal binding, chelating, complex forming properties and therefore may exist as metal complexes or metal chelates. Such metalated derivatives of the compounds of formula (I) are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
• any subgroup of compounds of formula (I) specified herein is meant to also comprise the prodrugs, N-oxides, addition salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes and stereochemically isomeric forms of this subgroup of compounds of formula (I).
• One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I-a): wherein Q, R 5 , G, R 1 and R 2b are as specified above in the definitions of the compounds of formula (I) or as in any of the subgroups of compounds specified herein.
• Another embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I-b): wherein Q, R 5 , G, R 1 , R 2a and R 3 are as specified above in the definitions of the compounds of formula (I) or as in any of the subgroups of compounds specified herein.
• One particular embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I-a-1): wherein Q, R 5 , G and R 1 are as specified in the definitions of the compounds of formula (I) or any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) specified herein; and
• Another particular embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I-b-1): wherein Q, R 5 , G, R 1 and R 3 are as specified in the definitions of the compounds of formula (I) or any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) specified herein; and
• Another embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I-c): wherein t, G, R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3 , R 5 and R 6 are as specified above in the definition of the compounds of formula (I), or as in any of the subgroups of compounds specified herein.
• Another embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I-d): wherein t, R 5 , R 6 , G, R 1 and R 2b are as specified above or as in any of the subgroups of compounds specified herein.
• Another embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I-e): wherein t, R 5 , R 6 , G, R 1 , R 2a and R 3 are as specified above or as in any of the subgroups of compounds specified herein.
• Still further embodiments comprise compounds of formula (I-c), (I-d) or (I-e) wherein t is 2, i.e. compounds of formulae wherein Q, t, R 5 , G, R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3 are as specified above or as in any of the subgroups of compounds specified herein.
• Another embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I-d-2): wherein R 5 , R 6 , G and R 1 are as specified above or as in any of the subgroups of compounds specified herein; and
• Another embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I-e): wherein R 5 , R 6 , G, R 1 and R 3 are as specified above or as in any of the subgroups of compounds specified herein; and
• t is 1, 2 or 3; preferably t is 2;
• R 8c has the same meanings of R 8a , and also may be hydrogen;
• R 9 , R 10 , R 11 independently from one another have the same meanings as the substituents on Ar 3 as specified in the definitions of the compounds of formula (I) or of any of the subgroups thereof.
• Alk is ethylene or methylene, more preferably wherein Alk is methylene.
• R 8c preferably is hydrogen, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, aminocarbonyl-C 1-6 -alkyl.
• Particular subgroups of the compounds of formula (I) are those compounds of formula (I), or any subgroup of compounds of formula (I) specified herein, wherein G is C 1-10 alkanediyl, more in particular wherein G is methylene.
• Preferred subgroups of compounds of formula (I) or any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) are those wherein G is a direct bond or methylene and R 1 is as specified above in (a)-(s). Further preferred are the compounds of formula (I) or any of the subgroups specified herein wherein G is a direct bond and R 1 is a radical (c-4), in particular wherein m is 2, optionally substituted with up to two radicals selected from C 1-6 alkyl. Further preferred are the compounds of formula (I) or any of the subgroups specified herein wherein or G is methylene and R 1 is as specified above in (a)-(s), but is other than a radical (c-4).
• a particular embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) specified herein wherein
• R 6 group is substituted on the nitrogen atom of the said pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or homopiperidinyl. More preferably the said pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or homopiperidinyl is linked to the —N(R 5 )— moiety via a 3-yl or in particular via a 4-yl link.
• radicals pyrroildinyl, piperidinyl, homopiperidinyl or piperazinyl are linked by their nitrogen atom to the C 1-6 alkyl on which they are substituted.
• radicals pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, homopiperidinyl or piperazinyl are linked by their nitrogen atom to the C 1-6 alkyl on which they are substituted.
• Ar 1 is phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1, 2, 3 substituents or with 1, 2 substituents selected from those mentioned in the definition of the compounds of formula (I) or of any subgroup thereof.
• Ar 2 is phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1, 2, 3 substituents or with 1, 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of those mentioned in the definition of the compounds of formula (I) or of any subgroup thereof.
• subgroups of the compounds of formula (I) are those compounds of formula (I), or any subgroup of compounds of formula (I) specified herein, wherein Ar 3 is phenyl, naphthalenyl, 1,2,3,4tetrahydro-naphthalenyl or indanyl, or preferably wherein Ar 3 is phenyl, naphthalenyl or indanyl; wherein said phenyl may optionally and each individually be substituted with one or more, such as 2, 3 or 4, substituents selected from the group consisting of substituents of Ar 3 in the definitions of the compounds (I).
• Ar 3 is as defined for Ar 2 , more in particular Ar 3 is as defined for Ar 1 .
• Preferred compounds are those compounds listed in tables 1 through 5, more in particular the compound numbers 1 to 77, 138, 143 to 165 and 171 to 177.
• R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 5 have the meanings defined above for the compounds of formula (I) or of any of the subgroups thereof.
• W is an appropriate leaving group, preferably it is chloro or bromo.
• the reaction of this scheme is typically conducted in a suitable solvent such as an ether, e.g. THF, a halogenated hydrocarbon, e.g. dichoromethane, CHCl 3 , toluene, a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF, DMSO, DMA and the like.
• a suitable solvent such as an ether, e.g. THF, a halogenated hydrocarbon, e.g. dichoromethane, CHCl 3 , toluene, a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF, DMSO, DMA and the like.
• t, R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3 , R 5 have the meanings defined above for the compounds of formula (I) or of any of the subgroups thereof.
• W is an appropriate leaving group, preferably it is chloro or bromo.
• the reaction of this scheme can be conducted in a suitable solvent such as an ether, e.g. THF, a halogenated hydrocarbon, e.g. dichoromethane, CHCl 3 , toluene, a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF, DMSO, DMA and the like.
• a base may be added to pick up the acid that is liberated during the reaction if desired, certain catalysts such as iodide salts (e.g.
• Intermediates (IV) can also be converted to compounds (I-c-1) with a reductive N-alkylation reaction starting from an aldehyde or ketone R 6b ⁇ O(V-a), wherein R 6a has the same meaning as R 6a provided that it has one hydrogen atom less.
• This reductive alkylation is done in a suitable solvent, e.g. an alcohol, using hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst such as Pd or NaBH 3 CN.
• Some of the compounds of formula (I) can also be prepared starting from precursors of the compounds of formula (I) using appropriate functional group transformation reactions.
• Precursors of the compounds of formula (I) for example are those wherein R 2a or R 2b is C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl or C 1-6 alkyl substituted with C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, which can be reduced, e.g. with LiAlH 4 , to the corresponding compounds of formula (I) wherein R 2a or R 2b is hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl.
• the latter group can be oxidized with a mild oxidant to an aldehyde group, e.g. with MnO 2 , which can further be derivatized with amines, e.g. with a reductive amination process, to the corresponding mono(derivatizedC 1-6 alkyl)-amines.
• R 2a or R 2b has formula -Alk-NR 8a R 8b .
• precursors of the compounds of formula (I) wherein R 2a or R 2b is hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl can be converted to the corresponding haloC 1-6 alkyl compounds, e.g. by treatment with a suitable halogenating agent such as SOCl 2 , which compounds subsequently are reacted with an amine or amine derivative.
• a suitable halogenating agent such as SOCl 2
• This reaction sequence may be done starting from (VII-a) or (VII-b) separately but also can be done using a mixture of (VII-a) and (VII-b) and subsequently separating the reaction products either at the end of the reaction sequence or in an intermediate step.
• Precursors of the compounds of formula (I) wherein R 2a or R 2b is an aldehyde can be converted to the corresponding compounds wherein R 2a or R 2b is substituted C 2-6 alkenyl (I-g-1) or (I-g-2), by a Wittig reaction or a Wittig-Horner reaction.
• a Wittig type reagent such as a triphenylphosphoniumylide in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as an ether, staring from triphenylphosphie and a halo derivative.
• the Wittig-Horner reaction is performed using a phosphonate, such as e.g.
• a base preferably a strong base
• Compounds wherein R 2a or R 3a is substituted C 2-6 alkenyl can be reduced to the corresponding compounds wherein R 2a or R 3a is substituted C 2-6 alkyl (I-i-1) or (I-i-2), e.g. with hydrogen in the presence of a noble metal catalyst such as Pd/C.
• the cyano group in turn can be reduced to the corresponding methyleneamine (—CH 2 —NH 2 ) group with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as Raney Ni, in a suitable solvent such as methanol/ammonia.
• This reaction yields compounds (I-j-1) and (I-j-2) which can be mono-alkylated or double alkylated to yield compounds (I-k-1), (I-k-2) and (I-l-1), (I-l-2).
• alkylations may be done by a reductive alkylation reaction using an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst (yielding mono-alkyl derivatives) or with suitably substituted alkyl halides (yielding mono- or dialkyl derivatives).
• R 2a-1 represents CN, Ar 3 or Het
• Alk 1 represents C 4-6 alkanediyl radicals (which are as C 1-6 alkanedily, but having from 4-6 carbon atoms)
• R 8a and R 8b have the same meanings as defined in this specificationa and claims, but preferably are other than Ar 3 .
• R 2a or R 2b is an aldehyde or C 1-6 alkyl substituted with a keto or an aldehyde can also be derivatized with a Grignard type of reaction to introduce aryl or alkyl groups.
• An additional aspect of the present invention concerns the fact that some of the compounds identified as precursors of the compounds of formula (I), are novel compounds.
• radicals pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, homopiperidinyl or piperazinyl are linked by their nitrogen atom to the C 1-6 alkyl on which they are substituted.
• G, R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3 , R 5 , R 8a and R 8b are as specified in any of the subgroups mentioned in this specification and claims.
• Preferred are those novel compounds mentioned in the previous paragraphs wherein G is C 1-6 alkanediyl, more preferably wherein G is methylene; and/or wherein R 2a , R 2b , R 3 , R 5 are all hydrogen; and/or R 1 is pyridyl being substituted as outlined in this specification and claims, in particular R 1 is pyridyl being substituted with one or two substituents selected from C 1-6 alkyl and hydroxy.
• Nitro groups can be reduced to amino groups, which subsequently may be alkylated to mono- or dialkylamino groups, or acylated to arylcarbonylamino or alkylcarbonylamino and the like groups. Cyano groups may be reduced to aminomethylene groups, which similarly may be derivatized.
• a diaminobenzene (VI) is cyclized with urea in a suitable solvent, e.g. xylene, to yield a benzimidazolone (VII).
• a suitable solvent e.g. xylene
• the latter is converted to a benzimidazole derivative (VIII) wherein W is a leaving group as specified above, in particular by reaction of (VII) with a suitable halogenating agent, for example POCl 3 , and the resulting intermediate (VIII) is reacted with the amine derivative (IX) to obtain intermediate (II).
• the intermediates of formula (IV) can be prepared by reacting intermediates (IX) with an amine (X) wherein Q is a a pyrrolinyl, piperdinyl or homopiperidinyl group wherein the nitrogen is substituted with a protective group to yield precursors of (IV) which case be converted to intermediates (IV) by removing the protective group.
• Suitable protecting groups for this purpose comprise alkyloxycarbonyl groups such as methoxy or ethoxycarbonyl, which can be removed with a base, or benzyl or benzyloxycarbonyl groups, which can be removed with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.
• the compounds of formula (I) may be converted to the corresponding N-oxide forms following art-known procedures for converting a trivalent nitrogen into its N-oxide form.
• Said N-oxidation reaction may generally be carried out by reacting the staring material of formula (I) with an appropriate organic or inorganic peroxide.
• Appropriate inorganic peroxides comprise, for example, hydrogen peroxide, alkali metal or earth alkaline metal peroxides, e.g. sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide;
• appropriate organic peroxides may comprise peroxy acids such as, for example, benzenecarboperoxoic acid or halo substituted benzenecarboperoxoic acid, e.g.
• 3-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoic acid peroxoalkanoic acids, e.g. peroxoacetic acid, alkylhydroperoxides, e.g. t,butyl hydro-peroxide.
• Suitable solvents are, for example, water, lower alcohols, e.g. ethanol and the like, hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, ketones, e.g. 2-butanone, halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g. dichloromethane, and mixtures of such solvents.
• Diastereomers may be separated by physical methods such as selective crystallization and chromatographic techniques, e.g., counter-current distribution, liquid chromatography and the like.
• the compounds of formula (I) as prepared in the hereinabove described processes are generally racemic mixtures of enantiomers which can be separated from one another following art-known resolution procedures.
• the racemic compounds of formula (I), which are sufficiently basic or acidic may be converted into the corresponding diastereomeric salt forms by reaction with a suitable chiral acid, respectively chiral base. Said diastereomeric salt forms are subsequently separated, for example, by selective or fractional crystallization and the enantiomers are liberated therefrom by alkali or acid.
• An alternative manner of separating the enantiomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) involves liquid chromatography, in particular liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase.
• Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically.
• said compound will be synthesized by stereospecific methods of preparation. These methods will advantageously employ enantiomerically pure starting materials.
• the present invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as specified herein, or a compound of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) as specified herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a therapeutically effective amount in this context is an amount sufficient to prophylaxictically act against, to stabilize or to reduce viral infection, and in particular RSV viral infection, in infected subjects or subjects being at risk of being infected.
• this invention relates to a process of preparing a pharmaceutical composition as specified herein, which comprises intimately mixing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), as specified herein, or of a compound of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) as specified herein.
• compositions of the present invention may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms for administration purposes.
• compositions there may be cited all compositions usually employed for systemically administering drugs.
• an effective amount of the particular compound, optionally in addition salt form or metal complex, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
• These pharmaceutical compositions are desirable in unitary dosage form suitable, particularly, for administration orally, rectally, percutaneously, or by parenteral injection.
• any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs, emulsions and solutions; or solid carriers such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules, and tablets. Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit forms, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed.
• the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at least in large part though other ingredients, for example, to aid solubility, may be included.
• Injectable solutions may be prepared in which the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution.
• Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations.
• the carrier optionally comprises a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not introduce a significant deleterious effect on the skin.
• the compounds of the present invention may also be administered via oral inhalation or insufflation by means of methods and formulations employed in the art for administration via this way.
• the compounds of the present invention may be administered to the lungs in the form of a solution, a suspension or a dry powder, a solution being prefer Any system developed for the delivery of solutions, suspensions or dry powders via oral inhalation or insufflation are suitable for the administration of the present compounds.
• the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition adapted for administration by inhalation or insufflation through the mouth comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a pharmaceutical composition adapted for administration by inhalation or insufflation through the mouth comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the compounds of the present invention are administered via inhalation of a solution in nebulized or aerosolized doses.
• Unit dosage form refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
• unit dosage forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, suppositories, powder packets, wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.
• the compounds of formula (I) show antiviral properties.
• Viral infections treatable using the compounds and methods of the present invention include those infections brought on by ortho- and paramyxoviruses and in particular by human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
• RSV human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus
• a number of the compounds of this invention moreover are active against mutated strains of RSV.
• many of the compounds of this invention show a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and have attractive properties in terms of bioavailabilty, including an acceptable half-life, AUC and peak values and lacking unfavourable phenomena such as insufficient quick onset and tissue retention.
• the in vitro antiviral activity against RSV of the present compounds was tested in a test as described in the experimental part of the description, and may also be demonstrated in a virus yield reduction assay.
• the in vivo antiviral activity against RSV of the present compounds may be demonstrated in a test model using cotton rats as described in Wyde et al. (Antiviral Research (1998), 38, 31-42).
• the compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof their prodrugs, N-oxides, addition salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes and stereochemically isomeric forms are useful in the treatment of individuals experiencing a viral infection, particularly a RSV infection, and for the prophylaxis of these infections.
• the compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of warm-blooded animals infected with viruses, in particular the respiratory syncytial virus.
• the compounds of the present invention or any subgroup thereof may therefore be used as medicines.
• Said use as a medicine or method of treatment comprises the systemic administration to viral infected subjects or to subjects susceptible to viral infections of an amount effective to combat the conditions associated with the viral infection, in particular the RSV infection.
• the present invention also relates to the use of the present compounds or any subgroup thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or the prevention of viral infections, particularly RSV infection.
• the present invention furthermore relates to a method of treating a warm-blooded animal infected by a virus, or being at risk of infection by a virus, in particular by RSV, said method comprising the administration of an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of formula (I), as specified herein, or of a compound of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I), as specified herein.
• an antiviral effective daily amount would be from 0.01 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg body weight, more preferably from 0.1 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg body weight. It may be appropriate to administer the required dose as two, three, four or more sub-doses at appropriate intervals throughout the day. Said sub-doses may be formulated as unit dosage forms, for example, containing 1 to 1000 mg, and in particular 5 to 200 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.
• the exact dosage and frequency of administration depends on the particular compound of formula (I) used, the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the age, weight, sex, extent of disorder and general physical condition of the particular patient as well as other medication the individual may be taking, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, it is evident that said effective daily amount may be lowered or increased depending on the response of the treated subject and/or depending on the evaluation of the physician prescribing the compounds of the instant invention. The effective daily amount ranges mentioned hereinabove are therefore only guidelines.
• the combination of another antiviral agent and a compound of formula (I) can be used as a medicine.
• the present invention also relates to a product containing (a) a compound of formula (I), and (b) another antiviral compound, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in antiviral treatment
• the different drugs may be combined in a single preparation together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
• the compounds of the present invention may be combined with interferon-beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha in order to treat or prevent RSV infections.
• LCT electrospray ionisation in positive mode, scanning mode from 100 to 900 amu; Xterra MS C18 (Waters, Milford, Mass.) 5 ⁇ m, 3.9 ⁇ 150 mm); flow rate 1 ml/min.
• Two mobile phases (mobile phase A: 85% 6.5 mM anmnnium acetate +15% acetonitrile; mobile phase B: 20% 6.5 mM ammonium acetate +80% acetonitrile) were employed to run agradient from 100% A for 3 min to 100% B in 5 min., 100% B for 6 min to 100% A in 3 min and equilibrate again with 100% A for 3 min).
• ZQ electrospray ioriisation in both positive and negative (pulsed) mode scanning from 100 to 1000 amu; Xterra RP C18 (Waters, Milford, Mass.) 5 ⁇ m, 3.9 ⁇ 150 mm); flow rate 1 ml/min.
• Two mobile phases (mobile phase A: 85% 6.5 mM ammonium acetate+15% acetonitrile; mobile phase B: 20% 6.5 mM amxnonium acetate +80% acetonitrile) were employed to run a gradient condition from 100% A for 3 min to 100% B in 5 mit, 100% B for 6 min to 100% A in 3 min, and euilibrate again with 100% A for 3 min).
• Variant 1 A mixture of b-2 (0.0001 mol), 3,5-dichloro aniline (0.0001 mol), BH 3 CN on solid support (0.0001 mol) and CH 3 CO 2 H (2 drops) in CH 3 OH (4 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The solution was filtered. The filtrate was evaporated until dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH/NH 4 OH 87/12/1.5; 5 ⁇ m).
• Variant 2 b-2 (0.0005 mol), NaBH 3 CN (0.0006 mol), and then CH 3 CO 2 H (0.2 ml) were added at room temperature to a mixture of 3-methyl-aniline (0.0006 mol) in CH 3 CN (20 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. H 2 O was added. The mixture was saturated with K 2 CO 3 (powder) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH. The organic layer was separated, dried (over MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness.
• the residue (0.3 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH/triethylamine; 90/10/0.1; 5 ⁇ m). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.17 g, 68%) was crystallized from CH 3 OH/2-propanone/diisopropylether.
• R is defined as Ar 3 , Het 1 , Het 1 (CH 2 ) n or Het 1 (CH 2 ) n .
• Intermediate d-2 (melting point 262° C.) was prepared analogous to the procedure described for intermediate a-11.
• Intermediate d-3 was prepared analogous to the procedure described for intermediate a-12.
• e-5 (0.0088 mol) was added portion wise to a 48% solution of HBr in water (40 ml). The mixture was brought slowly to 70° C., and then stirred for 12 hours. The precipitate was filtered, washed with CH 3 CN and dried The residue (4.6 g, 80%) was taken up in H 2 O and basified with K 2 CO 3 (powder). The precipitate was filtered, and then washed with ethanol. The filtrate was evaporated, yielding 3 g of intermediate e-7 (52%). In an analogous way, e-8 was prepared.
• LiAlH 4 (0.0008 mol) was added to a ire of h-4 (0.0004 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) at 5° C. under N 2 flow. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 1 hour, then brought to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. A minimum of H 2 O and then CH 2 Cl 2 were added. The organic layer was separated, dried (over MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness. The residue (0.22 g) was purified by column chromato-graphy over silica gel (eluent CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH/NH 4 OH 85/15/1; 15-40 ⁇ m). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.
• Intermediate i-3 was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate a-2.
• Intermediate i-4 was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate a-3.
• Intermediate i-5 was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate a-5.
• Intermediate i-8 was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate a-9.
• Intermediate i-9 was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate a-11.
• Intermediate i-10 (melting point: 221° C.) was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate h-2.
• Intermediate i-11 was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate h-3.
• Intermediate i-12 (melting point 143° C.) was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate h-4.
• Diethyl cyanomethyl phosphonate (0.0052 mol) was added to a mixture of NaH (0.0105 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) at 5° C. under N 2 flow. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 30 minutes. A solution of j-2 (0.0017 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) was then added. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 1 hour, and then stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. H 2 O was added. The mixture was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was separated, dried (over MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness.
• Intermediate j-5 was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate h-2.
• Intermediate j-6 (melting point 207° C.) was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate i-13.
• CH 3 CO 2 H (0.2 ml) was added at room temperature to a mixture of k-3 (0.0004 mol), 3,5-dimethyl-aniline (0.0005 mol) and NaBH 3 CN (0.0005 mol) in CH 3 CN (20 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. CH 3 CO 2 H (0.2 ml) was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated until dryness. The residue was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was washed with a 10% solution of K 2 CO 3 in water, dried (over MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness.
• Intermediate 1-2 (melting point: 210° C.) was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate k-2.
• Intermediate I-3 was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for intermediate k-3.
• Intermediate I-4 was prepared in an analogous way to the procedure described for compound k-4.
• n-2 (0.0066 mol), n-3 (0.0073 mol) and K 2 CO 3 (0.02 mol) in dimethylformamide (25 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, poured into H 2 O and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was separated, dried (over MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness. The residue was taken up in CH 3 CN/diisopropylether. The precipitate was filtered, washed with H 2 O and dried, yielding 1.8 g of the mixture of intermediates n-4 and n-5 (61%).
• LiAlH 4 (0.012 mol) was added portion wise to a mixture of n-4 (0.002 mol) and n-5 (0.002 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) at 5° C. under N 2 flow. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 1 hour, then at room temperature for 12 hours. A minimum of H 2 O was added A solution of CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH (90/10) was added. The organic layer was separated, dried (over MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness.
• CH 3 CO 2 H (0.3 ml) was added to a mixture of n-8 (0.0006 mol), 3,5-dimethyl-aniline (0.0007 mol) and NaBH 3 CN (0.0007 mol) in CH 3 CN (30 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. CH 3 CO 2 H (0.3 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The solvent was evaporated until dryness. The residue was taken up in 2-propanone/HCl 5N/ethanol. The mixture was stored at 80° C. for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated until dryness. The mixture was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic layer was separated, dried (over MgSO 4 ), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness.
• the percent protection against cytopathology caused by viruses (antiviral activity or EC 50 ) achieved by tested compounds and their cytotoxicity (CC 50 ) are both calculated from dose-response curves.
• the selectivity of the antiviral effect is represented by the selectivity index (SI), calculated by dividing the CC 50 (cytotoxic dose for 50% of the cells) by the EC 50 (antiviral activity for 50% of the cells).
• SI selectivity index
• TCID 50 of Respiratory Syncytial Virus was added to two of the three rows in a volume of 50 ⁇ l.
• the same volume of medium was added to the third row to measure the cytotoxicity of the compounds at the same concentrations as those used to measure the antiviral activity.
• Air two hours of incubation a suspension (4 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml) of HeLa cells was added to all wells in a volume of 50 ⁇ l.
• the cultures were incubated at 37° C. in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere. Seven days after infection the cytotoxicity and the antiviral activity was examined spectrophotometrically.

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