US20060148938A1 - Modification of paper coating rheology - Google Patents

Modification of paper coating rheology Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060148938A1
US20060148938A1 US10/545,754 US54575405A US2006148938A1 US 20060148938 A1 US20060148938 A1 US 20060148938A1 US 54575405 A US54575405 A US 54575405A US 2006148938 A1 US2006148938 A1 US 2006148938A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
thickener
composition
paper
paper coating
coating composition
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US10/545,754
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English (en)
Inventor
Howard Dungworth
David Petty
Olli Jokinen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Ltd
BASF Performance Products LLC
Original Assignee
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Ltd
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Ltd, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp filed Critical Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Ltd
Assigned to CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS CORP. reassignment CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DUNGWORTH, HOWARD ROGER, PETTY, DAVID, JOKINEN, OLLI JUHANI
Assigned to CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS WATER TREATMENTS LIMITED reassignment CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS WATER TREATMENTS LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DUNGWORTH, HOWARD ROGER, PETTY, DAVID, JOKINEN, OLLI JUHANI
Publication of US20060148938A1 publication Critical patent/US20060148938A1/en
Priority to US12/496,981 priority Critical patent/US20100173086A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H19/58—Polymers or oligomers of diolefins, aromatic vinyl monomers or unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper

Definitions

  • This invention relates to paper coating and more particularly the modification of paper coating rheology.
  • polymeric thickeners are well documented in the prior art. Often these are in the form of aqueous emulsions which are either alkali soluble or alkali swellable.
  • WO-A-02/12360 describes an aqueous dispersion of copolymeric microparticles, useful as an associative thickener in coating compositions such as paints.
  • the thickeners exemplified include at least 10% by weight associative monomer.
  • associative thickeners bring about low high shear viscosity at small dosages. They can thus give an economic advantage over other types of synthetic thickeners.
  • an equally well known problem with associative thickeners is that they provide poor water retention. So the economic advantage of associative thickeners is normally only obtained in conditions where water retention is not important.
  • the solids content of the wet coating increases which modifies the rheology of the coating before it comes into contact with the blade. In the worst case the coating can form a thick, immobile “filter cake” which can cause streaking and might even cause the web to break.
  • the water taken up by the paper causes a reduction in its internal bonding strength which causes it to tear more easily under tension.
  • the solids content of the coating colour re-circulated from the coater head can increase by 5% and more over a period of a few hours because the concentration of water soluble polymer in the coating colour is also much lower if too much water is released. This phenomenon is often observed at the precoating stage.
  • the rod pressure of the coating apparatus can increase significantly.
  • the coating composition results in poor water retention on the rod pressure tends to be unstable. In both instances in this can result in damage to the coated paper and/or poor runnability of the coater.
  • the present invention has been made in order to address this problem.
  • composition for modifying the rheology of paper coatings comprising an associative thickener characterised in that the associative content of the thickener is below 10%, the molecular weight of the thickener is below about 1 million, and the acid content is at least 10% by weight.
  • the dosage of the thickener will also have an effect on the performance of the thickener. For example lowering of the molecular weight may require an increase in the dosage if the desired viscosity is to be obtained. In addition, lowering the acid content can lower the efficiency of the thickener so that an increase in dosage may be needed.
  • Associative thickeners for obtaining low high shear viscosity are well known. They comprise hydrophilic, water soluble polymers with hydrophobic terminal groups or side chains.
  • the hydrophobic terminal groups may be aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons and they are water insoluble. They can be joined to the hydrophilic polymer backbone by means of a hydrophilic spacer so that they remain flexible. Their structure is similar to that of surfactants. Interaction between the hydrophobic groups or side chains is what is considered to provide for very high viscosity at low shear.
  • associative thickeners there are various types of associative thickeners but those which are generally useful for the purpose of the present invention are formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylates, maleic acid or anhydride, maleates, itaconic acid, itaconates, allyl ethers and vinyl esters.
  • monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylates, maleic acid or anhydride, maleates, itaconic acid, itaconates, allyl ethers and vinyl esters.
  • the choice of monomers is such that the polymer is insoluble in water and at neutral pHs, but dissolves under alkali conditions, for instance pH 8 to 10 or higher.
  • the polymers are typically made by aqueous emulsion polymerisation of the monomers to form an aqueous emulsion of a polymer.
  • Polymers of particular interest in connection with the present invention are the hydrophobic alkali-soluble emulsions in which the hydrophilic polymer backbone comprises an alkali-soluble polyacrylate derived from monomers such as alkyl acrylates for example ethyl acrylate, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
  • the hydrophibic side chains are attached to the polymer backbone by, for example, a polyoxyethylene oxide spacer.
  • the hydrophobic side chains are provided by including ethylenically unsaturated monomers that contain the hydrophobic side chains.
  • the hydrophobic side chains are C 8 -C 30 alkyl groups.
  • hydrophobic side chain moiety can be bonded to ethylenically unsaturated components such as acrylamido, acrylate or allyloxy etc.
  • the thickening effect can be adjusted by altering the ratios of the monomers. All this is well known.
  • associative thickeners used as paint thickeners, printing pastes and the like are disclosed in European Patent Specification 0 216 479 A1.
  • Other associative thickeners are described in detail in European Patent Specification 0 013 836 A1 and 0 011 806 A1. These can be used in the present invention subject to their being modified in accordance with the definition of the invention as set out above.
  • associative thickeners must have the special combination of an acid content of at least 10% by weight and an associative monomer content of below 10% of molecular weight below 1 million.
  • Molecular weights of below 700,000 have been found to be particularly suitable for use in the present invention.
  • An especially preferred molecular weight range is 70,000 to 150,000, and most preferably 70,000 to below 100,000.
  • the polymers may be made by the inclusion of branching or cross-linking agents and/or chain transfer agents. However, it is preferred that the amounts of branching or cross-linking agents are used in amounts such that the polymer is substantially soluble in at least in alkali. Thus the polymer may be substantially linear, branched or slightly cross-linked. Nevertheless, the polymers desirably should not be so cross-linked that it is insoluble.
  • the amount of cross linking agent is generally below 2000 ppm (by weight) and preferably below 1000 ppm. Typically the amount of cross-linking agent will be below 500 ppm, for instance in the range of 1 or 2 ppm up to for instance 100 ppm, preferably 5 ppm up to 20 or 30 ppm.
  • the cross-linking agent can be a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer, for instance methylene bis acrylamide, butane diol diacrylate and tetra allyl ammonium chloride.
  • Preferred thickeners for use in the invention are alkali soluble aqueous emulsions of ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid/steareth 10 mole ethoxylate allyl ether and having a molecular weight below 1 million and preferably in the range 10,000 to 700,000 and more preferably in the range 50,000 to 200,000 or 250,000, and most preferably 70,000 and to below 100,000.
  • Cross linkers and initiators can be included if desired.
  • These polymers are mildly associative their associative content being preferably not above 5% and more preferably below 2.5%.
  • the acid functionality may be provided by any suitable acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid or a mixture thereof being preferred.
  • the acid content can be from 10 to 70%, preferably 20 to 50% by weight (based on the weight of polymer). As already indicated the precise values of the above parameters are chosen having regard to the viscosity and water retention that the particular coating operation demands and to the dosage of the thickener in the coating composition.
  • the thickener of the invention is included in a conventionally formulated coating composition for a pre-coat or top coat.
  • the dosage of the thickener of the invention in the coating composition is kept as low as possible consistent with the required viscosity being obtained.
  • a dosage of thickener of 0.2 pph will give a target Brookfield viscosity of about 1000 to 1400 mPas at 100 rpm (typical for “roll and blade” coating method) in combination with good water retention of the order of 100 g/m 2 or lower. Unless otherwise stated the viscosity is measured at 25° C.
  • the target viscosity will to some extent be chosen having regard to the coating method that is to be used.
  • a target Brookfield viscosity is of the order of 700 to 1000 mPas whereas for a jet applicator the target Brookfield viscosity is of the order of 2000 to 2500 mPas.
  • the dosage may need to be altered in order to obtain the required viscosity.
  • changing the dosage of thickener to obtain the desired viscosity can also change the water retention.
  • adjustment of the acid content of the thickener can, in those circumstances, be used in order to secure good water retention.
  • the coating composition is preferably mildly alkaline, of the order of pH 8 to 10, preferably 8.5 to 9.5. Where necessary the pH can be adjusted for example by the addition of an alkali such as sodium hydroxide.
  • the invention also provides a method of modifying the rheology of a paper coating composition comprising adding to the coating composition a thickener as defined above.
  • the invention provides a paper coating method comprising coating paper or paperboard with a paper coating composition, said composition including a thickener as defined above.
  • the thickeners of the invention can be used in all methods of paper coating and at all possible coating weights for example from 2 to 25 g/m 2 .
  • the thickeners can be used in coating compositions for pre-coat, middle coat and top coat and can be used with any pigments and binders.
  • the contents of the resin pot were heated to 85° C. and then degassed with nitrogen for 30 minutes.
  • An aqueous emulsion was prepared by mixing 143.75 gms ethyl acrylate, 100.00 gms methacrylic acid, 6.25 gms steareth-10 ethoxylate allyl ether and 1.25 gms n-dodecyl mercaptan into 10.5 gms Disponil FES993 in 162.62 gms deionised water.
  • An initiator feed was prepared by dissolving 0.50 gms ammonium persulphate in 37.5 gms water.
  • the contents of the reactor were held between 83 and 87° C. during the feed time and held for a further 1 hour at 85° C. to reduce residual monomer content.
  • a top coat was prepared according to the following recipe:
  • composition of the control and samples A to E were as follows (all percentages by weight):
  • Compositions B to E also included about 5000 ppm of n-dodecyl mercaptan.
  • compositions of the invention were judged by comparison of their viscosity and water retention with the control sample where the thickener was carboxymethyl cellulose and HASE thickener A.
  • the thickeners of the invention gave lower high shear viscosity than control and about the same water retention.
  • the HASE thickener gave about the same high shear viscosity as the thickeners of the invention, but significantly worse water retention. Note that the dosage of HASE thickeners and the thickeners of the invention was about the same.
  • the water retention was measured in gsm on a gravimetric water retention meter using the parameters of 2 minutes dwell time, 1.5 bar pressure and 5 ⁇ m polycarbonate membrane filters.
  • the high shear viscosity was measured in mPas on a cone and plate viscometer at 1000s ⁇ 1 .
  • Example 2 Certain of the samples used in Example 2 were added to a top coat composition. The dosages and the resultant viscosity and water retention are shown in the following Table 2. Brookfield Viscosity ACAV Water Haake Dosage (100 rpm) 0.6 M 1/s Retention 3000 1/s Sample pph mPas mPas g/m 2 mPas Control 0.6 1210 43 88 42 A 0.185 1280 38 123 31 B 0.2 1240 36 100 29 C 0.25 1400 37 93 31
  • Example 2 The results confirm the results of Example 2, i.e. with the thickeners of the invention (B and C) it is possible to get low high shear and good water retention.
  • typical HASE thickener (A) also gives low high shear viscosity but poor water retention.
  • ACAV measured with a capillary viscometer in which pressure in a cylinder forces the sample through a capillary.
  • Water retention was measured on a gravimetric water retention meter using the parameters of 2.0 minutes dwell time, 0.5 bar pressure and 5 micrometer membrane filters using a 20 ml sample. (Water retention was measured in the same way in the following Examples 4 and 5).
  • a pre-coat formulation was prepared as follows:
  • a pre-coat formulation was made up as follows:
  • compositions were prepared employing thickener compositions selected from a commercial HASE thickener, a commercial ASE thickener and in a thickener composition according to the invention.
  • the composition of the coating formulation is a shown in Table 5.
  • sample F provides an excellent combination of low high shear viscosity and water retention values.
  • sample F exhibits significantly improved water retention than the conventional associative thickener (commercial HASE). This is also clear from FIG. 1 .
  • Thickener composition sample F was used in and in a coating formulation to coat paper in a pilot trial.
  • Sample F provides low high shear viscosity which gives lower rod pressure and better water retention gives more stable rod pressure.
  • Thickener composition sample F and various other thickener compositions were used in coating formulations to coat paper in a pre coating pilot trial.
  • Base paper Uncoated, 52 g/m2 (base paper for 90 g/m2 grade)
  • Pre-coating 100 parts NPS CaCO3 Recipe: (Covercarb 60-LV) 8 parts SB-latex (DL 920) 4 parts Starch (302 ESP) 0.6 parts FWA (Tinopal ABP-Z)
  • Coat weight 9 g/m2/side Rod diameter: 20 mm
  • Moisture 3.5%
  • the thickener according to the present invention exhibits the best combination of low high shear viscosity and water retention over CMC or commercial ASE thickener. It can be seen that the CMC gave low high shear viscosity but poor water retention. The dose of commercial ASE thickener that provides low high shear viscosity gives poor water retention whereas a dose and of the same thickener and that provides good water retention exhibits poor high shear viscosity. Furthermore, the coating composition made using the thickener of the present invention provided better runability and no or low misting.
  • Thickener composition sample F and various other thickener compositions were used in coating formulations to coat paper in a top coating pilot trial.
  • Base paper Pre-coated, 52 g/m2 (pre-coated paper for 65 g/m2 grade) Recipe: 70 parts fine CaCO3 (Covercarb 85) 30 parts fine Clay (Hydragloss 90) 11 parts SB-latex (XZ 96445) 0.6 parts PVA (Airvol 103) 0.6 parts Ca-stearate (Raisacote CAS 50) 0.2 parts hardener (Bacote 20) 0.6 parts FWA (Tinopal ABP-Z) Coating pH: ca.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
US10/545,754 2003-02-26 2004-02-16 Modification of paper coating rheology Abandoned US20060148938A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/496,981 US20100173086A1 (en) 2003-02-26 2009-07-02 Modification of Paper Coating Rheology

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB03043544 2003-02-26
GBGB0304354.4A GB0304354D0 (en) 2003-02-26 2003-02-26 Modification of paper coating rheology
PCT/EP2004/001426 WO2004076743A2 (en) 2003-02-26 2004-02-16 Modification of paper coating rheology

Related Child Applications (1)

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US12/496,981 Continuation-In-Part US20100173086A1 (en) 2003-02-26 2009-07-02 Modification of Paper Coating Rheology

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Publication Number Publication Date
US20060148938A1 true US20060148938A1 (en) 2006-07-06

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US10/545,754 Abandoned US20060148938A1 (en) 2003-02-26 2004-02-16 Modification of paper coating rheology

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US (1) US20060148938A1 (pt)
EP (1) EP1611283A2 (pt)
JP (1) JP2006519280A (pt)
KR (1) KR20050104398A (pt)
CN (1) CN100385074C (pt)
AR (1) AR043384A1 (pt)
AU (1) AU2004215224A1 (pt)
BR (1) BRPI0407872A (pt)
CA (1) CA2517055A1 (pt)
CL (1) CL2004000332A1 (pt)
GB (1) GB0304354D0 (pt)
MX (1) MXPA05009109A (pt)
NO (1) NO20053948L (pt)
NZ (1) NZ541746A (pt)
PL (1) PL377002A1 (pt)
RU (1) RU2005129548A (pt)
TW (1) TW200427901A (pt)
WO (1) WO2004076743A2 (pt)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8552132B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2013-10-08 Basf Se Rheology modifiers for modifying the rheological behaviour of coating compositions
JP5315687B2 (ja) * 2007-12-26 2013-10-16 王子ホールディングス株式会社 塗工紙の製造方法
FR2939128B1 (fr) * 2008-12-03 2010-11-12 Coatex Sas Utilisation d'une combinaison de polymeres peignes comme agent ameliorant la maniabilite d'une formulation aqueuse a base de liants hydrauliques.
FR2939428B1 (fr) * 2008-12-08 2010-11-19 Coatex Sas Utilisation comme agent ameliorant la maniabilite d'une formulation aqueuse a base de liants hydrauliques, d'un copolymere (meth) acrylique peigne et d'un epaississant acrylique associatif
ITVA20090013A1 (it) 2009-02-17 2010-08-18 Lamberti Spa Sospensioni acquose per la patinatura della carta
BR112012019200A2 (pt) 2010-02-03 2017-06-13 Basf Se espessante associativo, processo para a preparação de um espessante associativo, composição espessante aquosa, uso de um espessante associativo, agente de deslizamento de revestimento de papel, e, papel ou papelão.
EP2514777A1 (en) 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 Basf Se Polysaccharide macromonomer based co-polymer
JP5909983B2 (ja) * 2011-10-14 2016-04-27 王子ホールディングス株式会社 耐油紙および耐油紙の製造方法
ES2545857T3 (es) 2011-11-10 2015-09-16 Basf Se Aditivo de baño de estucado de papel que comprende monómero de ácido, monómero asociativo y monómero no iónico
CN102585081B (zh) * 2012-01-16 2015-08-26 深圳市瑞成科讯实业有限公司 流变改质剂及其制备方法
EP2712898B1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-11-26 Rohm and Haas Company Hydrophobically modified alkali soluble emulsion composition with polymeric beads
MX2018011266A (es) * 2016-03-18 2019-02-13 Dow Global Technologies Llc Composicion de recubrimiento de papel y procesos para realizar la misma.
US20230015326A1 (en) * 2020-10-23 2023-01-19 Lg Chem, Ltd. Anode Mixture for Secondary Battery, Anode and Secondary Battery Including the Same
IT202100008414A1 (it) 2021-04-02 2022-10-02 Lamberti Spa Addensanti associativi

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US5080717A (en) * 1991-01-24 1992-01-14 Aqualon Company Fluid suspensions of polysaccharide mixtures
US5210324A (en) * 1985-08-12 1993-05-11 Allied Colloids Limited Monomer production
US5478602A (en) * 1992-05-29 1995-12-26 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Polymers containing macromonomers and their use in a method of coating substrates
US5922473A (en) * 1996-12-26 1999-07-13 Morton International, Inc. Dual thermal and ultraviolet curable powder coatings
US20030216494A1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2003-11-20 Michael Roth Hydroxylamine esters as polymerization initiators
US20040265509A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-12-30 Michael Roth Crosslinking of unsaturated polymers by the use of hydroxylamine-esters

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CA1188043A (en) * 1978-12-29 1985-05-28 Ching-Jen Chang Methacrylic acid emulsion copolymers for thickening purposes
AU612965B2 (en) * 1985-08-12 1991-07-25 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited Polymeric thickeners and their production
IT1257632B (it) * 1992-01-17 1996-02-01 Oikos Srl Composizione verniciante a base acquosa
US5663263A (en) * 1996-07-08 1997-09-02 Geo Specialty Chemicals, Inc. Aqueous thickener composition and process for making same
JP3930958B2 (ja) * 1996-12-26 2007-06-13 ソマール株式会社 増粘性紙塗工液及びそれを用いた塗工紙
JP3615683B2 (ja) * 2000-02-28 2005-02-02 株式会社日本触媒 増粘剤
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US5210324A (en) * 1985-08-12 1993-05-11 Allied Colloids Limited Monomer production
US5080717A (en) * 1991-01-24 1992-01-14 Aqualon Company Fluid suspensions of polysaccharide mixtures
US5478602A (en) * 1992-05-29 1995-12-26 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Polymers containing macromonomers and their use in a method of coating substrates
US5922473A (en) * 1996-12-26 1999-07-13 Morton International, Inc. Dual thermal and ultraviolet curable powder coatings
US20030216494A1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2003-11-20 Michael Roth Hydroxylamine esters as polymerization initiators
US20040265509A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-12-30 Michael Roth Crosslinking of unsaturated polymers by the use of hydroxylamine-esters

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KR20050104398A (ko) 2005-11-02
TW200427901A (en) 2004-12-16
WO2004076743A2 (en) 2004-09-10
JP2006519280A (ja) 2006-08-24
EP1611283A2 (en) 2006-01-04
NO20053948L (no) 2005-08-24
CN1754023A (zh) 2006-03-29
AU2004215224A1 (en) 2004-09-10
AR043384A1 (es) 2005-07-27
RU2005129548A (ru) 2006-07-27
NZ541746A (en) 2008-02-29
CA2517055A1 (en) 2004-09-10
PL377002A1 (pl) 2006-01-23
BRPI0407872A (pt) 2006-03-01
GB0304354D0 (en) 2003-04-02
CN100385074C (zh) 2008-04-30
MXPA05009109A (es) 2005-10-20
CL2004000332A1 (es) 2005-04-22
WO2004076743A3 (en) 2005-01-13

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