US20060121167A1 - Controlling the ripening of bananas - Google Patents
Controlling the ripening of bananas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060121167A1 US20060121167A1 US11/003,607 US360704A US2006121167A1 US 20060121167 A1 US20060121167 A1 US 20060121167A1 US 360704 A US360704 A US 360704A US 2006121167 A1 US2006121167 A1 US 2006121167A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bananas
- group
- bag
- container
- ripening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B25/00—Packaging other articles presenting special problems
- B65B25/06—Packaging slices or specially-shaped pieces of meat, cheese, or other plastic or tacky products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/152—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B25/00—Packaging other articles presenting special problems
- B65B25/02—Packaging agricultural or horticultural products
- B65B25/04—Packaging fruit or vegetables
- B65B25/041—Packaging fruit or vegetables combined with their conservation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
- B65D81/20—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
Definitions
- the present application generally relates to the ripening of bananas, and, more particularly, to controlling the ripening of bananas from harvest to sale in industrial banana processing.
- Bananas mature about three months from the time of flowering. Green bananas typically contain about 20% starch and about 1% sugar. Bananas can begin the ripening process as soon as they are harvested. Ripe bananas take on a yellow color, and typically contain 66% sucrose, 14% fructose, and 20% glucose.
- a typical hand has from about 14 to about 24 “fingers” (i.e., individual bananas) attached at a common crown.
- hands are typically separated into smaller units refer to as clusters.
- Each cluster typically has about 3 to 10 individual bananas attached at a common crown.
- bananas are harvested green.
- Industrial banana ripening usually involves exposing bananas to ethylene gas in an enclosed room at locations near destination markets. In most cases, bananas are placed in “ripening rooms” to initiate the ripening process prior to final shipment to the retail market.
- Ripening rooms expose bananas to ethylene gas at a temperature that typically ranges between 58 and 64° F. to facilitate uniform ripening. Ripening rooms have been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,658,607, 5,041,298, 4,845,958, 4,824,685, and 4,764,389, each of which incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- a group of bananas that have been harvested is obtained.
- the group of bananas has a plurality of bananas attached at a common crown.
- a first portion of the bananas of the group is placed inside of an ethylene-permeable container.
- a second portion of the bananas of the group is kept outside of the container.
- the group of bananas is exposed to ethylene gas, where the first and second portions of bananas are exposed to ethylene gas at approximately the same time to initiate ripening of the first and second portions of bananas at approximately the same time.
- the first and second portions of bananas are allowed to begin ripening.
- the container regulates the flow of oxygen into the container and carbon dioxide out of the container such that the first portion of bananas inside of the container are exposed to lower oxygen levels and higher carbon dioxide levels than the second portion of bananas outside of the container, to reduce the ripening rate of the first portion of bananas compared to the second portion of bananas.
- FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary process of controlling the ripening of bananas
- FIG. 2 depicts a group of bananas attached at a common crown with a first portion of the group in a bag, and a second portion of the group outside the bag;
- FIG. 3 depicts two groups of bananas.
- an exemplary process 100 of controlling the ripening of bananas from harvest to sale is depicted.
- step 102 one or more groups of bananas are harvested.
- group of banana refers to any number of bananas attached at a common crown.
- a bunch of bananas can be separated into hands, with each hand having about 14 to about 24 bananas attached at a common crown.
- a hand can be further separated into clusters, with each cluster having about 3 to about 10 bananas attached at a common crown.
- a first portion of the bananas is placed in a container, and a second portion of the bananas is kept outside the container.
- a group of bananas 200 is depicted with a first portion of bananas 202 placed inside of a bag 204 , and a second portion of bananas 206 kept outside of bag 204 .
- two groups of bananas 200 are depicted with a first portion of bananas of each group of bananas 200 placed inside of a bag, and a second portion of bananas of each group of bananas 200 kept outside of the bag.
- groups of bananas 200 are depicted as being hands of bananas.
- a group of bananas 200 can include any number of bananas attached at a common crown.
- the portion of group of bananas 200 placed inside of bag 204 can include any number of bananas of group of bananas 200 , provided that at least one banana is kept outside of bag 204 .
- the percent of bananas in first portion of bananas 202 can range between about 25 to about 75% of the total number of bananas in group of bananas 200 .
- first portion of bananas 202 includes at least one banana.
- first portion of bananas 202 includes at least about 25% of the total number of bananas in group of bananas 200 .
- first portion of bananas 202 includes about half of the total number of bananas in group of bananas 200 .
- Bag 204 can be constructed of any material known in the art that is permeable to ethylene.
- bag 204 is formed from a plastic material.
- the plastic material can be made of any single resin or combination of a plurality of resins.
- Exemplary resins include, but are not limited to, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, butadiene, polystyrene, polyester, or any combination of these material.
- bag 204 can be made of polymers, or have added materials that modify the permeability of bag 204 to oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- bag 204 can be formed to have permeability to ethylene, oxygen and/or carbon dioxide.
- bag, 204 can be formed with some portions permeable to ethylene gas and other portions permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide. The percent of the portions permeable to ethylene compared to the percent of the portions permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide can determine the overall permeability characteristic of bag 204 .
- bag 204 can have one or more perforations.
- Perforations can be of any size and shape. For example, perforations having a diameter between about 20 microns to about 12.5 mm can be used. The perforations can be visible to the naked eye or only under microscopic viewing.
- the walls of bag 204 can have any thickness.
- the walls of bag 204 have a thickness anywhere from about 0.00025 to 0.05 inches.
- the thickness of the walls of bag 204 can be equal to or greater than about 0.00025, 0.0005, 0.00075, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.01, 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04, or 0.05 inches.
- the thickness of the walls of bag 204 can be equal to or less than about 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.025, 0.02, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.006, 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001, 0.00075, 0.0005, or 0.00025 inches.
- Bag 204 can be secured around the common crown of group of bananas 200 by any means known in the art.
- the opening of bag 204 can simply be wrapped around the common crown.
- the opening of bag 204 may be held around the common crown using a fastener, such as by a wire, cord, rubber band, and the like.
- bag 204 can be secured around the common crown using any adhesive known in the art. It should be recognized that bag 204 can be secured around a portion of the common crown, such as around half of the common crown, rather than around the entire common crown.
- the container can be hard or soft.
- the container can also be one or more sheets of material that wraps around first portion of bananas 202 .
- the container can be disposed tightly around or flush against first portion of bananas 202 .
- the container may be disposed loosely around first portion of bananas 202 .
- each group of bananas 200 is shipped with a first portion of bananas 202 in each group placed inside of bag 204 , and a second portion of bananas 206 in each group kept outside of bag 204 .
- the groups of bananas are exposed to ethylene gas to initiate ripening.
- a group of bananas 200 is exposed to ethylene gas such that first portion of bananas 202 placed inside of bag 204 and second portion of bananas 206 kept out of bag 204 are exposed at the same time to the ethylene gas to initiate ripening.
- Bananas naturally produce ethylene gas to initiate ripening. Ethylene gas produced by one banana triggers ripening of neighboring banana. In industrial banana production, where it is desirable for bananas to ripen uniformly, bananas are exposed to ethylene gas before the bananas naturally begin to produce ethylene gas, thus ensuring that bananas begin to ripen at approximately the same time. Very small quantities of ethylene gas are required to initiate ripening. Typically, as little as about 10 to about 100 ppm (parts per million) ethylene gas can initiate ripening.
- Groups of bananas 200 can be exposed to ethylene gas by any method known in the art.
- groups of bananas 200 can be exposed to ethylene gas in a “ripening room.” Ripening rooms ensure the application of ethylene under airtight conditions to allow ethylene gas to remain around the bananas long enough to exert its effect of triggering ripening.
- Groups of bananas 200 can be ripened in ripening rooms at various different temperature and relative humidity conditions. Ripening groups of bananas 200 can take place keeping a constant temperature during the entire cycle or varying temperatures during the cycle based on when the ripener needs the bananas to be ready to be shipped to the stores. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the typical operating range of temperatures used during ripening cycles is about 58 to about 64° F., but a higher temperature, such as about 68° F., can sometimes be used.
- the groups of bananas are allowed to ripen. As the bananas ripen, they take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. With reference to FIG. 2 , bag 204 regulates the flow of oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of bag 204 . When oxygen levels inside bag 204 are reduced and/or carbon dioxide levels are increased (relative to concentrations in ambient air outside bag 204 ), respiration rates and metabolism of bananas slow down. Reduced metabolism results in reduced rates of all of the physiological and biochemical changes that occur during ripening, including loss of chlorophyll (appearing as a loss of green color and appearance of yellow color), conversion of starch to sugar, softening of banana, development of banana flavor and aroma. Thus, first portion of bananas 202 placed inside of bag 204 ripen at a slower rate than second portion of bananas 206 kept outside of bag 204 , which results in extension of shelf life of first portion of bananas 202 .
- oxygen levels in bag 204 are reduced to between about 1 and about 10% and carbon dioxide levels are increased between about 1 and about 30% from levels in ambient air outside of bag 204 .
- first portion of bananas 202 can remain green, while second portion 206 can ripen to a familiar fully-ripe yellow color.
- groups of bananas 200 are allowed to ripen in a ripening room under controlled temperature and relative humidity condition for a length of time (i.e., a ripening cycle). Typically, ripening cycles vary from 3 to 10 days. It should be recognized that groups of bananas 200 can be allowed to ripen for any length of time.
- step 108 can be performed prior to step 106 .
- the groups of bananas can be exposed to ethylene gas to initiate ripening before being shipped to destination markets. Additionally, the groups of bananas can be ripened during shipment (in transit). In one exemplary embodiment, the groups of bananas can be ripened in a portable ripening room during shipment. Containers and processes that can be used in banana ripening are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,460,841.
- step 112 groups of bananas are shipped to retail and other selling points.
- the groups of bananas 200 are shipped with first portion 202 placed inside of bag 204 , and second portion 206 kept outside of bag 204 .
- step 114 groups of bananas are displayed for purchase by consumers.
- groups of bananas 200 are displayed with first portion 202 placed inside of bag 204 , and second portion 206 kept outside of bag 204 .
- the consumer is provided with two groups of bananas at different ripening stages. The consumer can then decide the appropriate time to remove bag 204 from first portion 202 to allow the bananas in first portion 202 to complete the ripening process.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/003,607 US20060121167A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2004-12-02 | Controlling the ripening of bananas |
JP2007544388A JP4691108B2 (ja) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-11-18 | バナナの熟成の調節 |
PCT/US2005/042238 WO2006060227A2 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-11-18 | Controlling the ripening of bananas |
KR1020077014952A KR20070097476A (ko) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-11-18 | 바나나 숙성의 조절 |
EP05824682A EP1824739A4 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-11-18 | REGULATION OF THE BANANAS |
PE2005001387A PE20060929A1 (es) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-11-30 | Maduracion controlada de platanos |
GT200500351A GT200500351A (es) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-11-30 | Control de maduracion de banano |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/003,607 US20060121167A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2004-12-02 | Controlling the ripening of bananas |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060121167A1 true US20060121167A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
Family
ID=36565546
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/003,607 Abandoned US20060121167A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2004-12-02 | Controlling the ripening of bananas |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060121167A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1824739A4 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP4691108B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20070097476A (ko) |
GT (1) | GT200500351A (ko) |
PE (1) | PE20060929A1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2006060227A2 (ko) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070144638A1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-06-28 | Raul Fernandez | Device for controlling the gas medium inside a container |
US20080160141A1 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-03 | Lee Jones | System and method for packaging vegetables |
WO2009032169A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-12 | Elizabeth Varriano-Marston | Method for controlling banana and plantain quality by packaging |
WO2014144788A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Dole Food Company, Inc. | Process for ripening bananas inside of a shipping container |
RU2570320C1 (ru) * | 2011-08-23 | 2015-12-10 | Пепсико, Инк. | Обработка целых или частей плодов рода genus musa и родственных видов |
WO2023140960A1 (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-07-27 | Pollack Alex J | System and method of accelerated individual banana ripening |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2371195B1 (es) * | 2010-06-11 | 2012-09-13 | Arc Eurobanan, S.L. | Procedimiento para la maduracion de platanos en camara |
RU2687795C2 (ru) * | 2012-12-18 | 2019-05-16 | Ром Энд Хаас Компани | Упаковка с модифицированной атмосферой для бананов |
US11576392B2 (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2023-02-14 | Einenkel/Wirth Gbr | Ripening chamber and method for ripening fruit |
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-
2004
- 2004-12-02 US US11/003,607 patent/US20060121167A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-11-18 KR KR1020077014952A patent/KR20070097476A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-11-18 WO PCT/US2005/042238 patent/WO2006060227A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-18 EP EP05824682A patent/EP1824739A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-18 JP JP2007544388A patent/JP4691108B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-30 PE PE2005001387A patent/PE20060929A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-11-30 GT GT200500351A patent/GT200500351A/es unknown
Patent Citations (45)
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US9198444B2 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2015-12-01 | Chiquita Brands, Inc. | Device for controlling the gas medium inside a container |
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WO2009032169A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-12 | Elizabeth Varriano-Marston | Method for controlling banana and plantain quality by packaging |
US20100233333A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2010-09-16 | Elizabeth Varriano-Marston | Method for controlling banana and plantain quality by packaging |
US10010089B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2018-07-03 | Windham Packaging, Llc | Method for controlling banana and plantain quality by packaging |
US10687539B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2020-06-23 | Windham Packaging, Llc | Modified atmosphere packaging for transportation and ripening of bananas and plantains with extended quality preservation |
RU2570320C1 (ru) * | 2011-08-23 | 2015-12-10 | Пепсико, Инк. | Обработка целых или частей плодов рода genus musa и родственных видов |
WO2014144788A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Dole Food Company, Inc. | Process for ripening bananas inside of a shipping container |
WO2023140960A1 (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-07-27 | Pollack Alex J | System and method of accelerated individual banana ripening |
US11871760B2 (en) | 2022-01-20 | 2024-01-16 | Alex J. Pollack | System and method of accelerated individual banana ripening |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1824739A2 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
JP2008521433A (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
EP1824739A4 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
WO2006060227A3 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
GT200500351A (es) | 2006-08-07 |
KR20070097476A (ko) | 2007-10-04 |
JP4691108B2 (ja) | 2011-06-01 |
WO2006060227A2 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
PE20060929A1 (es) | 2006-08-26 |
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