Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M159/12—Reaction products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
  • C07C323/10—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C323/11—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C323/12—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
  • C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M135/26—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing carboxyl groups; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/084—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/085—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing carboxyl groups; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to liquid phenolic sulphur-containing antioxidants, to compositions comprising the liquid sulphur-containing antioxidants and to a process for stabilising compositions of matter, particularly lubricants, against oxidative, thermal or light induced degradation.
• additives improve the performance properties of functional fluids, such as lubricants, particularly mineral oils or synthetic or semi-synthetic oils. Particularly additives are highly desirable which reduce the formation of oxidative degradation products and promote the stability of lubricants.
• EP-A-0 565 487 discloses lubricant compositions of liquid antioxidants of low volatility consisting of the reaction product of a phenolic antioxidant, e.g. 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionic acid methyl ester, with a polyol, e.g. thiodiethylene glycol, and a glyceride, such as sun-flower or coconut oil.
• a phenolic antioxidant e.g. 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionic acid methyl ester
• a polyol e.g. thiodiethylene glycol
• a glyceride such as sun-flower or coconut oil.
• novel lubricant compositions have now been found that possess advantageous antioxidative properties as compared with the prior art compositions.
• the novel lubricant compositions comprise the reaction product of at least one phenolic antioxidant from the selected group of 5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl (or 3-tert-butyl)phenyl substituted carboxylic acid esters with a thiodiethylene glycol and a monohydroxy alcohol with a carbon chain length higher than 4 C-atoms.
• the novel lubricant compositions are highly resistant to oxidative degradation and are capable of reducing the negative effects of deposits in combustion engines, particularly spark ignition internal combustion engines.
• the present invention relates to a product obtainable by reacting
• compositions of matter are, for example, natural or synthetic polymers, or functional fluids, such as lubricant compositions, hydraulic fluids or metalworking fluids.
• Lubricant compositions that contain the product defined above are characterised by their excellent antioxidative properties, which can be demonstrated in various generally accepted tests such as Deposit and Oxidation Panel Test (DOPT) and High Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (HPDSC).
• DOPT Deposit and Oxidation Panel Test
• HPDSC High Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• the products according to the instant invention obtainable by reacting components a), b) and c), have excellent oxidative stability and are particularly suitable as additives in lubricant compositions, particularly for use in internal combustion engines, such as spark-ignition internal combustion engines, popularly known as Otto engines, or self-ignition internal combustion engines, popularly known as Diesel engines.
• internal combustion engines such as spark-ignition internal combustion engines, popularly known as Otto engines, or self-ignition internal combustion engines, popularly known as Diesel engines.
• the products, as defined above, are particularly suitable for formulating lubricant compositions and blending so-called additive packages, which remain clear and homogenous liquids on storage at room temperature.
• the lubricant compositions are particularly suitable as motor oils, which correspond to the API (American Petroleum Institute) and the CCMC (Committee of Common Market Automobile Constructors) classifications.
• the various alkyl groups defined above of different chain length comprise saturated linear or, where possible, branched hydrocarbon groups, particularly C 1 -C 6 alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, tert-pentyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl or 1,3-dimethylbutyl.
• Alkyl groups of higher chain length are, e.g.
• (C 1 -C 4 Alkyl) 1-3 phenyl is, for example, 2- or 4-tolyl, 2,5- or 2,6-xylyl, mesityl, 2- or 4-ethyl-phenyl, 2,4- or 2,6-diethylphenyl, 4-cumenyl, 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl or 2,6-bis-tert-butyl.
• Phenyl-C 1 -C 3 alkyl is, for example, phenyl attached to C 1 -C 3 alkyl in 1-, 2- or 3-position, e.g. 2-phenylethyl, particularly benzyl.
• (C 1 -C 4 Alkyl) 1-3 phenyl-C 1 -C 3 alkyl is one of the above mentioned (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) 1-3 phenyl attached to C 1 -C 3 alkyl in 1-, 2- or 3-position, e.g. 2-tert-butyl-6-methylbenzyl or 2,6-bis-tert-butyl-phenyl.
• Cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
• C 1 -C 4 Alkyl 1-3 C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl is one of the above-mentioned C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl groups substituted with 1-3 C 1 -C 4 alkyl, e.g. 2- or4-methylcyclohexyl, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexyl, 2,4,6-trimethylcyclohexyl or 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl.
• n represents zero or one. In the event that m represents zero, the direct bond is defined.
• a particularly preferred group of compounds (I), wherein m is zero, is represented by the general formula: wherein one of R 1 and R 2 represents methyl or tert-butyl and the other one represents tert-butyl and Y represents hydrogen or methyl.
• R 4 in a compound (II) represents C 4 -C 25 alkyl, particularly n-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, isoheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, n-nonyl or 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, as well as C 10 -C 25 alkyl, particularly branched C 10 -C 25 alkyl, e.g.
• R 5 and R 5 ′ independently of one another represent hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• a particularly preferred compound is thiodiethylene glycol.
• Another embodiment of the invention relates to a product obtainable by reacting the component a) with a surplus of the molar quantities of the combined components b) and c).
• the components a), b) and c) are reacted in a molar quantity ratio of 2.0:1.0:1.0 to 10.0:8.0:1.0.
• a molar quantity ratio of 2.0:1.0:1.0 to 5.0:4.0:1.0 is particularly preferred.
• the products according to the invention preferably comprise the active group in a percentage of 30.0 to 80.0% by weight, particularly 50.0 to 80.0% by weight.
• Another embodiment of the invention relates to a process for preparing a liquid mixture of phenolic sulphur-containing antioxidants, which comprises reacting
• a preferred embodiment of the process comprises reacting the ester component a) with components b) and c), provided that at least a slight, particularly a significant, molar excess of hydroxy groups is present in the reaction mixture.
• component a) is reacted simultaneously with component b) and component c).
• the process is preferably carried out in the presence of a suitable catalyst, e.g. so-called Lewis bases or acids.
• Suitable Lewis bases are metal hydrides, alkylides, arylides, hydroxides, alcoholates, phenolates, amides or carboxylates.
• Examples of preferred metal hydrides are lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydride.
• An example of a preferred metal alkylide is n-butyllithium.
• An example of a preferred metal arylide is phenyllithium.
• Examples of preferred metal hydroxides are lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium hydroxide.
• Examples of preferred metal phenolates are sodium or potassium phenolate.
• Examples of preferred metal amides are sodium or lithium amide.
• Examples of preferred carboxylates are sodium or calcium acetate or sodium benzoate.
• Lewis adds are represented by the formulae: wherein R a , R b , R c and R d independently of one another represent C 1 -C 18 alkyl or phenyl. C 1 -C 8 Alkyl is preferred.
• a particularly preferred Lewis acid is dibutyltin oxide or aluminium isopropoxide.
• the catalyst is added to components a), b) and c) in a preferred amount of 0.05 to 10.0% by weight, preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0% by weight.
• the addition of 0.5 to 2.0% by weight is particularly preferred.
• reaction of components a), b) and c) in a high-boiling solvent for example a non-polar aprotic solvent, e.g. xylene, is optional.
• a high-boiling solvent for example a non-polar aprotic solvent, e.g. xylene.
• the preferred reaction temperature range is between 130 and 250° C.
• a particularly preferred reaction temperature range is between 130 and 190° C.
• Components a), b) and c) are known and commercially available or can be prepared from known and commercially available compounds by applying known methods.
• the invention relates also to the use of a mixture of the individual components a), b) and c), preferably in the mentioned concentration, as additives in motor oils, turbine oils, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, metal-working fluids or lubricating greases.
• the invention relates in particular to the use of the product obtainable by reacting the individual components a), b) and c), preferably in the mentioned concentration, as additives in motor oils, turbine oils, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, metal-working fluids or lubricating greases.
• Another embodiment of the invention relates to a process for stabilising the composition of matter subject to oxidative, thermal or light induced degradation, which comprises adding to said composition of matter at least one product as defined above.
• the invention likewise relates to a process for protection against corrosion or oxidative degradation of metals, which are in contact with functional fluids, wherein the reaction product defined further above, obtainable by reacting the individual components a), b) and c), is added to the functional fluid.
• the term functional fluid includes aqueous, partially aqueous and non-aqueous fluids, particular base oils of lubricating viscosity, which can be used for the preparation of greases, metal working fluids, gear fluids and hydraulic fluids.
• compositions according to the invention preferably comprise 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, in particular 0.02 to 1.0% by weight, of the reaction product, based on the weight of the functional fluid.
• aqueous functional fluids are industrial cooling water, filling compositions of a water conditioning plant, steam generation systems, sea water evaporation systems, sugar evaporation systems, irrigation systems, hydrostatic boilers and heating systems or cooling systems having a closed circulation.
• Suitable partially aqueous functional fluids are hydraulic fluids based on aqueous polyglycol/polyglycol ether mixtures or glycol systems, water-in-oil or oil-in-water systems and engine cooling systems based on aqueous glycol.
• non-aqueous functional fluids are fuels, e.g. hydrocarbon mixtures comprising mineral oil fractions which are liquid at room temperature and are suitable for use in internal combustion engines, e.g. internal combustion engines with external (petrol engines) or internal ignition (diesel engines), e.g. petrol having different octane contents (regular grade or premium grade petrol) or diesel fuel, and lubricants, hydraulic fluid, metal working fluid, engine coolants, transformer oil and switchgear oil.
• fuels e.g. hydrocarbon mixtures comprising mineral oil fractions which are liquid at room temperature and are suitable for use in internal combustion engines, e.g. internal combustion engines with external (petrol engines) or internal ignition (diesel engines), e.g. petrol having different octane contents (regular grade or premium grade petrol) or diesel fuel, and lubricants, hydraulic fluid, metal working fluid, engine coolants, transformer oil and switchgear oil.
• Nonaqueous functional fluids are preferred, in particular base oils of lubricating viscosity, which can be used for the preparation of greases, metal working fluids, gear fluids and hydraulic fluids.
• Suitable greases, metal working fluids, gear fluids and hydraulic fluids are based, for example, on mineral or synthetic oils or mixtures thereof.
• the lubricants are familiar to a person skilled in the art and are described in the relevant literature, such as, for example, in Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants; Mortier, R. M. and Orszulik S. T. (Editors); 1992 Blackie and Son Ltd. for GB, VCH-Publishers N.Y. for U.S., ISBN 0-216-92921-0, cf. pages 208 et seq. and 269 et seq.; in Kirk - Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition 1969, J. Wiley & Sons, New York Vol. 13, page 533 et seq.
• the lubricants are in particular oils and greases, for example based on mineral oil or vegetable and animal oils, fats, tallow and wax or mixtures thereof.
• Vegetable and animal oils, fats, tallow and wax are, for example, palm kernel oil, palm oil, olive oil, colza oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, soy bean oil, cotton wool oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, maize oil, castor oil, walnut oil and mixtures thereof, fish oils, and chemically modified, e.g. epoxidised or sulphoxidised, forms or forms prepared by genetic engineering, for example soy bean oil prepared by genetic engineering.
• Examples of synthetic lubricants include lubricants based on aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic esters, polymeric esters, polyalkylene oxides, phosphoric acid esters, poly- ⁇ -olefins or silicones of the diester of a dibasic acid with a monohydric alcohol, e.g. dioctyl sebacate or di-nonyl adipate, of a triester of trimethylolpropane with a monobasic add or with a mixture of such acids, e.g.
• trimethylolpropane tripelargonate trimethylolpropane tricaprylate or mixtures thereof, of a tetra ester of pentaerythritol with a monobasic acid or with a mixture of such acids, e.g. pentaerythrityl tetracaprylate, or of a complex ester of monobasic and dibasic acids with polyhydric alcohols, e.g. a complex ester of trimethylolpropane with caprylic and sebacic acid or of a mixture thereof.
• Particularly suitable in addition to mineral oils are, for example, poly- ⁇ -olefins, ester-based lubricants, phosphates, glycols, polyglycols and polyalkylene glycols and mixtures thereof with water.
• Said lubricants or mixtures thereof can also be mixed with an organic or inorganic thickener (base fat).
• Organic or inorganic thickener base fat
• Metal working fluids and hydraulic fluids can be prepared on the basis of the same substances as described above for the lubricants. These are frequently also emulsions of such substances in water or other fluids.
• the invention relates also to a method of improving the performance properties of lubricants, which comprises adding to the lubricant at least one product as defined above.
• the lubricant compositions e.g. greases, gear fluids, metal working fluids and hydraulic fluids, may additionally contain further additives, which are added to improve further their performance properties. These include: other antioxidants, metal deactivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour-point depressants, dispersants, detergents, high pressure additives and antiwear additives.
• additives are added in customary amounts, each in the range from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight. Examples of further additives are listed below:
• Said components can be admixed to the lubricant composition in a manner known per se. It is also possible to prepare a concentrate or a so-called additive package, which can be diluted to the concentrations of use for the corresponding lubricant according to the technical requirements.
• AO antioxidants
• h hour(s)
• min minute(s)
• bp boiling point
• LC liquid chromatography
• TAN total acid number [mg KOH/g]
• Visc viscosity increase
• Refractive index of n D 20 1.5157; Elemental Analysis: C, 72.77; H, 9.85; S, 2.62; [%, found]; LC, 55.3%; phenolic monoesters, 36.1% phenolic diester of thiodiethanol, 3.3% phenolic monoesters of thiodlethanol, 2.9% phenolic methyl esters.
• Manalox®130 catalyst 85% alumium isopropoxide in petroleum distillates
• a pre-dried mixture 292.4 g (1.0 mol) 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionic acid methyl ester, 68.6 g (0.528 mol) iso-octanol (EXXAL 8) and 30.0 g (0.246 mol) thiodiethylene glycol.
• the mixture is stirred under reduced pressure for 6 h at 158-160° C. and at 180-182° C. for an additional 6-8 h.
• LC 54.0-57.0% phenolic monoesters, 38.0-40.0% phenolic diesters of thiodiethanol, 0.5-0.6% phenolic monoester of thiodiethanol, 3.0-3.5% phenolic methyl esters.
• This example illustrates the performance of one-step synthesis liquid phenolic sulphur-containing antioxidants [Examples 1 and 2] as stabilisers in motor oils.
• ASTM D 4636 Standard test for corrosiveness and oxidation stability of hydraulic oils, aircraft turbine engine lubricants, and other highly refined oils.
• IRGANOX L57 alkylated diphenyl amine antioxidant: one of R and R′ hydrogen, the other one tert-butyl or octyl; or both R and R′ tert-butyl or octyl 2)
• IRGAMET 39 tolutriazol based metal deactivator: 3)
• IRGANOX L135 liquid ester type phenolic antioxidant
• IRGANOX 1035 solid dimeric sulphur-containing ester type phenolic antioxidant
• Referential Test Compositions 2 and 3 which contain 0.3% and 0.138% of the phenolic sulphur-containing antioxidant IRGANOX 1035, produce higher amounts of sludge.
• the amount of sludge is low in the test compositions according to Examples 1 and 2, which are based either on a mixture (Example 1) or one (Example 2) phenolic antioxidant(s) of the formula I.
• the Hot Tube Test is an analysis of lubricant effect on diesel engine scuffing according to S. Ohkawa, et al., SAE Technical Paper Series, 840262, Detroit/USA 1984.
• An assessment of piston deposits, oxidation and detergency effects associated with an oil formulation is made by slowly feeding the oil together with compressed air through a heated glass capillary tube. The oil flows through the hot glass capillary tube while wetting the inner wall of the tube and forming lacquer. Tests are run for 16 h at a temperature of 248° C. At the conclusion of the test, the tubes are washed and rated for cleanliness. A scale of 0-10 is used to rate the tubes with 10 being completely clean and 0 being completely blackened. The results are reported in Table 2.
• High-pressure differential scanning calorimetry is used to determine the oxidation stability of oil formulations and additives.
• a small quantity of formulated oil in an aluminium pan is placed in a test cell, which is pressurised with oxygen to 150 psi.
• the cell is heated to a 190° C. and held at that temperature until an exothermic reaction occurs.
• the extrapolated onset time is determined and reported as the oxidation induction time for the formulation. The results are reported in Table 2.
• test compositions 1 and 2 There are some improvements over the base formulation, referential formulation 1, as shown by the Test Compositions 1 and 2 in the various tests.
• the test compositions are, in general, more efficient and perform better than the Referential Compositions 2, 3 and 4.

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• 2003
  • 2003-11-20 MY MYPI20034454A patent/MY132857A/en unknown
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