US20060107656A1 - Exhaust gas after-treatment unit with countercurrent housing and corresponding process for exhaust gas after-treatment - Google Patents

Exhaust gas after-treatment unit with countercurrent housing and corresponding process for exhaust gas after-treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060107656A1
US20060107656A1 US11/318,932 US31893205A US2006107656A1 US 20060107656 A1 US20060107656 A1 US 20060107656A1 US 31893205 A US31893205 A US 31893205A US 2006107656 A1 US2006107656 A1 US 2006107656A1
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Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
treatment unit
catalytic converter
housing
unit according
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Abandoned
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US11/318,932
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English (en)
Inventor
Rolf Bruck
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Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
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Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
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Publication of US20060107656A1 publication Critical patent/US20060107656A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/08—Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/14—Plurality of outlet tubes, e.g. in parallel or with different length
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/16—Plurality of inlet tubes, e.g. discharging into different chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/22—Inlet and outlet tubes being positioned on the same side of the apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust gas after-treatment unit with a countercurrent housing.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding process for exhaust gas after-treatment.
  • honeycomb bodies or catalytic converters can be constructed, for example, from ceramic materials, from metallic layers or as an extruded component.
  • An early structural form for which German Published, Non-Prosecuted Patent Application 29 02 779 A1, corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,681, shows typical examples, is the spiral structural form, in which substantially a smooth and a corrugated sheet metal layer are laid on one another and are wound up spirally.
  • the honeycomb body is constructed from a plurality of alternately disposed smooth and corrugated or differently corrugated sheet metal layers. The sheet metal layers initially form one or more stacks, which are intertwined with one another.
  • Typical examples of such structures are in International Publication No. WO 91/01178, corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,559, International Publication No. WO 91/01807, corresponding to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,130,208 and 5,045,403, and International Publication No. WO 90/08249, corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,157,010.
  • honeycomb bodies in a conical structural form, optionally also having further additional structures to influence the flow.
  • Such a honeycomb body is described, for example, in International Publication No. WO 97/49905, corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,784.
  • honeycomb bodies which render possible a flow of a fluid in the radial direction from the inside outwards are furthermore known.
  • International Publication No. WO 98/57050 corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,784.
  • an exhaust gas after-treatment unit in particular to be used close to an internal combustion engine of an automobile.
  • the exhaust gas after-treatment unit comprises a housing and at least one catalytic converter disposed in the housing and defining at least one substantially free flow-through return flow region disposed within the housing and surrounding the at least one catalytic converter.
  • the at least one catalytic converter has a first end surface, a second end surface and hollow spaces through which a fluid can flow in an inflow direction.
  • At least one gas feed line is connected to the first end surface of the at least one catalytic converter.
  • At least one gas removal line is substantially gas-tightly connected to the at least one return flow region.
  • At least one flow deflector effects a deflection of the fluid from the at least one catalytic converter into the substantially free flow-through return flow region of the housing.
  • a substantially free through-flow return flow region is understood herein as meaning in particular that the return flow region is not constructed as a honeycomb structure, i.e. is substantially not divided into through-flow channels or hollow spaces.
  • the return flow region is not constructed as a honeycomb structure, i.e. is substantially not divided into through-flow channels or hollow spaces.
  • there is possible according to the invention for there to be a completely free through-flow return flow region, where appropriate with the exception of fixing devices for fixing the catalytic converter, which is, for example, a honeycomb structure in a casing tube, in the housing.
  • the return flow region therein is constructed as an annular cylindrical gap between the casing tube of the catalytic converter and the inner wall of the housing.
  • the exhaust gas after-treatment unit according to the invention has the advantage that due to the deflection of the direction of flow, for example, pocket holes in the vicinity of the engine can be used to accommodate the exhaust gas after-treatment unit. It is not possible to use such pocket holes in the case of catalytic converters having a conventional construction—i.e. without deflection of the direction of flow. Since the catalytic conversion as a rule proceeds exothermically, after starting or start-up of the catalytic conversion, the exhaust gas is heated up. This causes severe thermal gradients over the catalytic converter in the case of conventional catalytic converters.
  • the converted stream of exhaust gas is deflected in its direction of flow, is inverted in a through-flow catalytic converter in the axial direction, and flows back in the return flow region of the housing, but this housing also contains the catalytic converter, the catalytic converter is heated up uniformly, so that thermal gradients are avoided and the service life of the catalytic converter is increased in this way.
  • Heating up of the catalytic converter with the aid of the hot exhaust gas furthermore leads to a faster start-up of the catalytic conversion in the catalytic converter in the cold start phase and thus to significantly accelerated start-up properties as compared with conventional exhaust gas after-treatment units without a countercurrent housing.
  • the gas feed line and the gas removal line are provided in the region of the first end surface of the catalytic converter.
  • the placement of the gas feed line and the gas removal line on only one side of the housing and of the catalytic converter allows a space-saving construction of the exhaust gas after-treatment unit according to the invention.
  • the gas feed and removal lines are not constructed in parallel, in particular not coaxially.
  • a deflection of the exhaust gas occurs upon emergence from the catalytic converter, while in an axial through-flow catalytic converter, the deflection of the gas stream represents an inversion of the gas stream, that is to say a deflection of substantially 180° (degrees).
  • the housing is constructed as a manifold or elbow.
  • a further advantageous construction of the exhaust gas after-treatment unit is directed at the construction of the housing as a collector. Both in a construction of the housing as a manifold and in its construction as a collector, it is possible to employ the exhaust gas after-treatment unit as close to the engine as possible.
  • the gas removal line and/or the gas feed line is connected to a turbocharger.
  • a turbocharger serves to boost the engine, i.e. it is used to increase the performance of an internal combustion engine, and is used in particular in connection with diesel engines.
  • Boost the air required for the engine combustion process is compressed by a power engine so that a larger mass of air enters the cylinder or combustion chamber per work cycle of the internal combustion engine.
  • the compressor is driven, for example, by a turbocharger which utilizes the exhaust gas energy.
  • the coupling with the engine in this context is not mechanical, but proceeds purely thermally, with the principle of dynamic boosting chiefly being used in automobile construction.
  • the configuration of the exhaust gas after-treatment unit upstream of such a turbocharger ensures that the operating temperature of the catalytic converter contained therein is reached very rapidly, since a removal of heat from the exhaust gas due to contact with components of the turbocharger is avoided in this manner.
  • the respective configuration of the turbocharger directly connected with or directly upstream of the feed line is, however, particularly preferred.
  • This cone advantageously has an opening angle of at least 20°, in particular of at least 30° and particularly preferably of at least 40°.
  • tubular feed line section is at the same time upstream of the cone towards the turbocharger, but rather the cone is optionally directly connected to the turbocharger.
  • this section should not exceed a length of 20 mm (millimeters), in particular it should not be longer than 10 mm or even only 8 mm.
  • the exhaust gas stream generated by the turbocharger is used for an effective flow towards the honeycomb body.
  • the turbocharger generates a type of swirl-stream, which is advantageously maintained and thus results in an intensive contact of the uniformly mixed exhaust gas stream.
  • the housing and the at least one catalytic converter are constructed concentrically, preferably coaxially.
  • the concentric or coaxial structure of the catalytic converter and housing advantageously allows the exhaust gas after-treatment unit to be constructed in a particularly simple manner, in particular catalytic converters in cylindrical construction which are conventional per se can thus be used.
  • the coaxial structure advantageously offers only low pressure losses in the return flow region, with a simultaneous simple structure of the exhaust gas after-treatment unit.
  • the concentric or coaxial structure of the catalytic converter and housing simplifies the construction of the flow deflector.
  • the flow deflector can be constructed in a particularly simple manner by formation of a torus with the smallest possible internal radius, in the ideal case of zero. If the exhaust gas flows through the catalytic converter substantially radially, the housing itself forms the flow deflector, which ensures deflection of the exhaust gas from the radial flow direction into the return flow direction.
  • the at least one return flow region is constructed outside the at least one catalytic converter.
  • the construction of the return flow region outside the at least one catalytic converter advantageously ensures rapid starting up properties of the catalytic converter, uniform heating up of the catalytic converter with prevention of the formation of thermal gradients and a simple structural layout both of the catalytic converter and of the housing, since a conventional catalytic converter with a honeycomb structure of ceramic or metal, optionally an extruded honeycomb structure, can be employed inside the housing.
  • Other holding devices are also possible according to the invention, in particular it is also advantageous to fix the catalytic converter only through the use of the gas feed line.
  • the hollow spaces of the at least one catalytic converter each have a first through-flow cross-section, and an inner region E- 81181 with a second through-flow cross-section is constructed as the return flow region within the catalytic converter.
  • the second through-flow cross-section is significantly greater than the first through-flow cross-section.
  • the second flow-through cross-section of the return flow region is substantially the same size as the sum of the first flow-through cross-sections of the catalytic converter. This advantageously prevents a pressure loss during the deflection of the flow. However, it is equally as advantageous to construct the second through-flow cross-section to be greater than the sum of the first flow-through cross-sections, in order to thus slow down the flow in the return flow region and to increase the heat transfer to the catalytic converter in the cold starting phase.
  • the housing has a first length L 1
  • the catalytic converter has a second length L 2
  • the first length of the housing and the second length of the catalytic converter are substantially identical.
  • the construction of the catalytic converter in an identical length to the length of the housing allows holding of the catalytic converter in the housing in a simple manner and a simple construction both of the flow deflector and of the gas removal and feed line.
  • the housing has a diameter D
  • the quotient of the first length L 1 and the diameter D of the housing is greater than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 1.5, preferably greater than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 1, and particularly preferably about 0.5. That is to say, the following equation applies to the first length L 1 and the diameter D of the housing: 0.3 ⁇ L 1 /D ⁇ 1.5
  • the return flow region has a pressure loss which is less than or equal to the pressure loss of the inflow region, in particular less than or equal to the pressure loss of a pipe of the first length and a diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the feed line.
  • the at least one gas feed line has a first longitudinal axis
  • the at least one gas removal line has a second longitudinal axis
  • a projection of the first and the second longitudinal axis onto a plane which includes the first end surface of the catalytic converter encloses an angle which is greater than 60° (degrees).
  • Such an angle constellation between the gas removal line and the gas feed line advantageously allows the utilization of even the smallest free hollow spaces upon installation close to the engine, for example of very narrow pocket holes.
  • the gas feed line and the first end surface of the at least one catalytic converter are connected to one another in the form of a push-fit.
  • the construction of the connection between the gas feed line and the first end surface in the form of a push-fit advantageously allows the construction of a substantially gas-tight connection, and at the same time allows a different thermal expansion, which in the case of a simple weld connection can easily lead to severing of the connection.
  • a substantially gas-tight connection between the gas feed line and the first end surface of the at least one catalytic converter can thus be ensured in an advantageous manner even in the case of different thermal expansion properties.
  • the catalytic converter is constructed of ceramic. Construction of the catalytic converter as an extruded component is also advantageous. According to a further advantageous construction, the catalytic converter can also be constructed from at least one metallic layer. In this connection, it is particularly advantageous that the catalytic converter is constructed:
  • a direction of flow of the exhaust gas is deflected from the inflow direction into a return flow direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, longitudinal-sectional view of an exhaust gas after-treatment unit according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a honeycomb body
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a housing with a honeycomb body installed
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment unit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a section through the second embodiment of the exhaust gas after-treatment unit.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged, longitudinal-sectional view of a third embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment unit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 according to the invention.
  • the exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 has a housing 2 with a honeycomb body 3 , which serves as a catalytic converter.
  • the honeycomb body 3 is surrounded by a casing tube 4 and is fixed in the housing 2 with holding devices 5 .
  • These holding devices 5 are predominantly constructed as bars which do not substantially reduce the size of a free through-flow cross-section of a return flow region 6 .
  • the phrase free through-flow cross-section means in particular that no honeycomb structure is placed in the return flow region.
  • the honeycomb body 3 can be constructed both as a ceramic and as a metallic honeycomb body 3 .
  • An example of a metallic honeycomb body can be seen in FIG. 2 .
  • a feed line 13 is provided with a cone 35 , which conducts exhaust gas directly to a first end surface 14 of the honeycomb body 3 .
  • This cone 35 has an opening angle 33 of at least 20°.
  • a very short tubular feed line section which is disposed upstream of the cone 35 towards a non-illustrated turbocharger, does not exceed a length 34 of 20 mm (millimeters).
  • FIG. 2 shows the honeycomb body 3 which has the casing tube 4 .
  • a honeycomb structure 7 is fixed in the casing tube 4 .
  • the structure 7 is formed of metallic layers 8 , 9 .
  • substantially smooth metallic layers 8 and at least partly structured metallic layers 9 are stacked alternately and several stacks are joined to one another in the same direction.
  • the at least partly structured metallic layers 9 are shown only in a partial region.
  • the substantially smooth metallic layers 8 and the at least partly structured metallic layers 9 form hollow spaces or channels 10 .
  • Sheet metal layers having a thickness of less than 80 ⁇ m, preferably less than 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 25 ⁇ m, can be used as the metallic layers.
  • the substantially smooth metallic layers 8 and/or the at least partly structured metallic layers 9 can be constructed at least partly from a material through which a fluid can at least partially flow, for example a metallic sintered non-woven.
  • the introduction of holes having dimensions greater than the structurally recurring length of the at least partly structured metallic layers 9 is also possible according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the housing 2 of the exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 according to the invention has two flow regions.
  • the channels 10 of the honeycomb body 3 form an inflow region 11 , while a region of the housing between the casing tube 4 and walls of the housing 2 forms the return flow region 6 .
  • the honeycomb body 3 serves as a catalytic converter, i.e. it is as a rule provided with a catalytically active coating, for example a washcoat, which includes, for example, noble metal catalyst particles, such as platinum or rhodium.
  • the exhaust gas flows axially through the honeycomb body 3 .
  • An exhaust gas stream flowing through the honeycomb body 3 is at least partly catalytically converted in the honeycomb body 3 .
  • an exhaust gas stream flowing through the return flow region 6 is not catalytically converted.
  • Each of the channels 10 has a first through-flow cross-section, while the return flow region 6 has a second free through-flow cross-section.
  • the phrase “free flow-through” means that the second flow-through cross-section of the return flow region 6 is significantly greater than the first flow-through cross-section of a channel 10 .
  • an exhaust gas stream 12 is introduced through the gas feed line 13 into the exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 .
  • the gas feed line 13 is connected in a substantially gas-tight manner to the casing tube 4 of the honeycomb body 3 in the region of the first end surface 14 of the honeycomb body, so that there is a substantially gas-tight connection between the gas feed line 13 and the inflow region 11 .
  • the exhaust stream 12 thus enters the honeycomb body 3 substantially completely.
  • the exhaust gas stream 12 flows through this honeycomb body 3 in an inflow direction 15 . During this flow, an at least partial conversion of at least parts of the exhaust gas stream 12 takes place.
  • the exhaust gas stream 12 leaves the honeycomb body 3 through a second end surface 16 .
  • a flow deflector 17 is adjacent the region of the second end surface 16 in the inflow direction 15 .
  • the flow deflector 17 is connected to the housing 2 in a substantially gas-tight manner.
  • the flow deflector 17 has a depression 18 and a torus-shaped elevation 19 .
  • the highest elevations each lie in the axial direction of the honeycomb body 3 opposite the center of the return flow region 6 , while the depression 18 lies opposite the center of the cylindrical honeycomb body 3 in the axial direction.
  • Other constructions of the flow deflector 17 are also possible according to the invention.
  • the flow deflector 17 leads to a deflection 20 of the exhaust gas stream 12 from the inflow direction 15 into a return flow direction 21 . In the present case, this is even an inversion of the exhaust gas stream, i.e. a deflection by substantially 180°. During this inversion, the exhaust gas stream 12 is deflected from the inflow region 11 into the return flow region 6 .
  • the flow deflector 17 can optionally have
  • a collector 23 is furthermore connected to the housing 2 with a connection that is substantially gas-tight in construction.
  • the collector 23 includes a cup-shaped component 24 and a gas removal line 25 .
  • An at least partly converted gas stream 26 leaves the exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 through the gas removal line 25 .
  • the gas removal line 25 and/or the gas feed line 13 have a connection for a turbocharger.
  • the exhaust gas stream 12 flows through the gas feed line 13 into the honeycomb body 3 .
  • An at least partial catalytic conversion of at least a part of the exhaust gas stream 12 takes place in this manner.
  • the deflection 20 in the direction of flow takes place in the flow deflector 17 .
  • the exhaust gas stream 12 then flows in the return flow direction 21 through the return flow region 6 .
  • No catalytic conversion takes place in the return flow region 6 , which is substantially an undivided flow chamber.
  • the gas stream flowing through the return flow region 6 as a rule is heated as compared with the exhaust gas stream 12 flowing in, since the catalytic conversion in the honeycomb body 3 as a rule takes place exothermically.
  • the gas stream flowing through the return flow region 6 is thus advantageously used for heating the honeycomb body 3 .
  • the recycling of the exhaust gas stream can advantageously be used for heating up the honeycomb body 3 , since upon cold start of an internal combustion engine elevated temperatures are rapidly achieved which, although below the starting up temperature of the catalytic conversion in the catalytic converter 3 , are above the ambient temperature of the environment of the honeycomb body 3 . This leads to significantly shorter starting up times of the catalytic reaction in the honeycomb body 3 .
  • the optional thermal insulation 22 of the flow deflector 17 also prevents heat losses and therefore improves the starting up properties of the honeycomb body 3 .
  • the return flow of the hot exhaust gas means that lower thermal gradients build up over the honeycomb body as compared with conventional exhaust gas after-treatment units. This results in an improved service life of the honeycomb body.
  • a push-fit or sliding-fit can advantageously be used for the connection between the gas feed line 13 and the casing tube 4 . This renders possible a gas-tight connection even in the case of different thermal expansions of the two components.
  • the exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 can thus be installed as close to the engine as possible. In this way, higher temperatures are reached more quickly in the exhaust gas, so that in this way the starting up properties of the honeycomb body 3 are also improved.
  • the gas feed line 13 has a first longitudinal axis 27 .
  • the gas removal line 25 has a second longitudinal axis 28 .
  • the angle of the projections of the first longitudinal axis 27 and the second longitudinal axis 28 onto a plane which includes the first end surface 14 is greater than 60 degrees.
  • the return flow region 6 has a pressure loss which is less than or equal to the pressure loss in the inflow region 11 . It is preferable in this case for the pressure loss in the return flow region 6 to be less than or equal to a pressure loss encountered by a pipe having a first length L 1 and a diameter which corresponds to the diameter 32 of a feed line 31 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a housing 2 according to the invention with the honeycomb body 3 inserted.
  • the honeycomb body 3 is constructed to be coaxial with the housing 2 .
  • the casing tube 4 of the honeycomb body 3 is connected to the housing 2 by the holding devices 5 .
  • the channels 10 of the honeycomb body 3 which are not drawn in for clarity, form the inflow region 11 , while the region of the housing between the housing wall and the casing tube 4 forms the return flow region 6 .
  • the housing 2 has a first length L 1 and a diameter D.
  • the honeycomb body 3 has a second length L 2 .
  • the first length L 1 is identical to the second length L 2 .
  • a so-called pancake shape is preferred for the exhaust gas after-treatment unit according to the invention, i.e.
  • the equation 0.3 ⁇ L 1 /D ⁇ 1 preferably applies. It is particularly preferable in this case for the ratio of L 1 /D to be about 0.5. However, other ratios of L 1 /D are also possible according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatic illustration of a second embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 according to the invention.
  • four non-illustrated honeycomb bodies 3 which are charged with exhaust gas through four gas feed lines 13 are fixed in the housing 2 of the exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 .
  • a gas removal line 25 is furthermore provided, so that this embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment unit according to the invention can be employed as a collector. It is likewise possible according to the invention to provide two or more gas removal lines 25 instead of one gas removal line 25 , in order to thus be able to realize, for example, multi-lane or multi-tract exhaust gas units.
  • the cup-shaped components 24 are accordingly connected to one another.
  • the flow deflector 17 is constructed in such a way that an effective non-illustrated deflection 20 from the inflow regions 11 into the particular return flow regions 6 also takes place in this embodiment.
  • the flow deflector 17 is constructed with depressions 18 and elevations 19 .
  • the depressions 18 in each case are constructed centrally with respect to the honeycomb body 3 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagrammatic view of a section through the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , which is taken along a line V-V.
  • This cross-section shows the housing 2 with the four honeycomb bodies 3 fixed thereto.
  • the casing tubes 4 form the boundary between the inflow regions 11 and the return flow region 6 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 according to the invention, which has a radial flow-through honeycomb body 3 .
  • this honeycomb body 3 is constructed from discs 29 with non-illustrated macrostructures which form channels 10 that lead in an arc shape from a central flow region 30 to the return flow region 6 .
  • the exhaust gas stream 12 to be converted flows axially through the gas feed line 13 and through the first end surface 14 into the central flow region 30 .
  • the second end surface 16 of the honeycomb body 3 being closed, the gas stream is deflected into the radial flow channels 10 , as is indicated by arrows.
  • the inflow direction 15 of the inflow region 11 formed by the channels 10 is thus directed radially from the inside outwards.
  • the housing 2 serves as the flow deflector 17 and, after exiting of the gas from the channels 10 , effects a deflection 20 of the gas stream in the return flow direction 21 in the return flow region 6 .
  • a deflection 20 of the gas stream in the return flow direction 21 in the return flow region 6 In contrast to an axial flow-through honeycomb body in which a deflection of, for example, substantially 180° takes place, in a radial flow-through honeycomb body 3 the gas stream is deflected by about 90°.
  • the exhaust gas flows from the return flow region 6 into the cup-shaped component 24 . From there, the converted gas stream 26 leaves the exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 through the gas removal line 25 .
  • the gas feed line 13 and the gas removal line 25 are in the region of the first end surface 14 of the honeycomb body.
  • an exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 With an exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 according to the invention, at least partial catalytic conversion of exhaust gases can advantageously take place even in the event of very limited free space for accommodating an exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 . This is possible on the basis of the countercurrent principle in the housing 2 .
  • An exhaust gas after-treatment unit 1 according to the invention is furthermore distinguished by improved starting up properties and lower thermal alternating stresses as compared with conventional exhaust gas after-treatment units.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
US11/318,932 2003-06-27 2005-12-27 Exhaust gas after-treatment unit with countercurrent housing and corresponding process for exhaust gas after-treatment Abandoned US20060107656A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10329000A DE10329000A1 (de) 2003-06-27 2003-06-27 Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage mit einem Gegenstromgehäuse, sowie entsprechendes Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung
DE10329000.1 2003-06-27
PCT/EP2004/006204 WO2005001252A1 (de) 2003-06-27 2004-06-09 Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage mit einem gegenstromgehäuse, sowie entsprechendes verfahren zur abgasnachbehandlung

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US (1) US20060107656A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1639241A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2007506893A (de)
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TW (1) TW200508480A (de)
WO (1) WO2005001252A1 (de)

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US9145807B2 (en) 2013-03-19 2015-09-29 Deere & Company SCR system comprising a reductant distributor
US9322309B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2016-04-26 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Compact exhaust gas treatment unit with mixing region, method for mixing an exhaust gas and vehicle
GB2518360B (en) * 2013-09-17 2018-01-24 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Exhaust treatment apparatus and method
CN108979806A (zh) * 2018-09-27 2018-12-11 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种scr催化转换器及其箱体
US10155189B2 (en) * 2015-09-04 2018-12-18 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Exhaust gas treating device and manufacturing method of honeycomb structure
US10166500B2 (en) * 2015-09-04 2019-01-01 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Exhaust gas treating device, temperature raising method of catalyst, regeneration method of honeycomb structure, and ash removing method
US20200054995A1 (en) * 2017-04-27 2020-02-20 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Metallic honeycomb body with adhesion-improving microstructures
US10883411B2 (en) 2018-06-06 2021-01-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for an exhaust-gas aftertreatment device
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DE102016205299A1 (de) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasnachbehandlungssystem
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CN110259555A (zh) * 2019-07-31 2019-09-20 天纳克（苏州）排放系统有限公司 尾气后处理装置
CN113217153A (zh) * 2020-01-21 2021-08-06 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 一种船用scr系统的反应装置
JP2021156250A (ja) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-07 日立造船株式会社 排ガス脱硝装置
CN114542254B (zh) * 2022-03-10 2023-04-25 佛山市力派机车材料有限公司 一种汽车尾气排放处理装置

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8026829B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2011-09-27 Wheelock, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing a notification appliance with a light emitting diode
US8869510B2 (en) 2009-11-27 2014-10-28 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Exhaust gas cleaning component with deflection surface, method for production thereof and motor vehicle having the component
CN103069119A (zh) * 2010-08-18 2013-04-24 排放技术有限公司 具有反应剂添加的紧凑型排气处理单元
US8978366B2 (en) 2010-08-18 2015-03-17 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Compact exhaust gas treatment unit with reaction agent addition and motor vehicle having an exhaust gas treatment unit
US9322309B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2016-04-26 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Compact exhaust gas treatment unit with mixing region, method for mixing an exhaust gas and vehicle
US9145807B2 (en) 2013-03-19 2015-09-29 Deere & Company SCR system comprising a reductant distributor
GB2518360B (en) * 2013-09-17 2018-01-24 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Exhaust treatment apparatus and method
DE102015200024B4 (de) 2014-01-24 2023-03-23 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Niederdruckabgasrückführung mit Stickoxidspeicherkatalysator
US10155189B2 (en) * 2015-09-04 2018-12-18 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Exhaust gas treating device and manufacturing method of honeycomb structure
US10166500B2 (en) * 2015-09-04 2019-01-01 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Exhaust gas treating device, temperature raising method of catalyst, regeneration method of honeycomb structure, and ash removing method
US20200054995A1 (en) * 2017-04-27 2020-02-20 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Metallic honeycomb body with adhesion-improving microstructures
US11045765B2 (en) * 2017-04-27 2021-06-29 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Metallic honeycomb body with adhesion improving microstructures
US10883411B2 (en) 2018-06-06 2021-01-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for an exhaust-gas aftertreatment device
CN108979806A (zh) * 2018-09-27 2018-12-11 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种scr催化转换器及其箱体

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1809688A (zh) 2006-07-26
WO2005001252A1 (de) 2005-01-06
JP2007506893A (ja) 2007-03-22
EP1639241A1 (de) 2006-03-29
DE10329000A1 (de) 2005-01-27
TW200508480A (en) 2005-03-01

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