US20050257490A1 - Buckling restrained braced frame - Google Patents

Buckling restrained braced frame Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050257490A1
US20050257490A1 US10/848,346 US84834604A US2005257490A1 US 20050257490 A1 US20050257490 A1 US 20050257490A1 US 84834604 A US84834604 A US 84834604A US 2005257490 A1 US2005257490 A1 US 2005257490A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
core
buckling restrained
casing
recited
restrained brace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/848,346
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English (en)
Inventor
Steven Pryor
Patrick Flynn
William Downs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Simpson Strong Tie Co Inc
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/848,346 priority Critical patent/US20050257490A1/en
Priority to JP2005174221A priority patent/JP2005330802A/ja
Publication of US20050257490A1 publication Critical patent/US20050257490A1/en
Assigned to SIMPSON STRONG-TIE CO., INC. reassignment SIMPSON STRONG-TIE CO., INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DOWNS, WILLIAM, FLYNN, PATRICK, PRYOR, STEVEN E.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0237—Structural braces with damping devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B2001/2696—Shear bracing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/028—Earthquake withstanding shelters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to hysteretic damping elements for use in light-framed constructions, and in particular to a buckling restrained braced frame for use in light-framed constructions which includes a ductile load bearing core surrounded by a lightweight casing which resists buckling of the core under compressive loads.
  • Buckling restrained braced frames used in such large-scale constructions comprise a central steel core mounted diagonally within a structural steel frame.
  • the steel core is capable of withstanding high tensile loads.
  • the central steel core is conventionally encased over its length in a steel tube filled with concrete or mortar.
  • the concrete-filled steel tube prevents buckling of the steel core under compressive forces.
  • Buckling restrained braced frames absorb the energy generated in seismic and other shear stress events by repeatable yielding without failure in both tension and compression to thereby prevent damage to the primary structural frame.
  • a slip interface or “unbending” layer, is therefore provided between the steel core and the surrounding concrete to decouple the steel core from the concrete and ensure that compression and tensile loads are carried only by the steel core.
  • the materials and geometry of the slip layer had to be carefully designed and constructed to allow relative movement between the steel core and the concrete due to shearing and Poisson's effect, while simultaneously inhibiting local buckling of the core as it yields in compression.
  • the present invention in embodiments relates to a buckling restrained braced frame for use in light-framed constructions.
  • the buckling restrained braced frame includes a frame and a buckling restrained brace diagonally mounted to opposed corners of the frame.
  • the buckling restrained brace includes a ductile load-bearing core surrounded by a lightweight casing which resists buckling of the core under compressive loads.
  • the core may be formed of a steel rod having a circular cross-sectional area
  • the casing may be formed of wood or other lightweight material having an opening defined through its longitudinal center for receiving the core.
  • the casing may be formed from two separate halves which are affixed together to prevent slip with respect to each other by various affixation methods.
  • the casing may be a single, unitary construction. Both the casing and the core may have a variety of cross-sectional shapes, and the opening in the casing in which the core is positioned may or may not conform to the shape of the core in alternative embodiments.
  • Tubular extensions may be connected to each end of the core to maintain the casing in position around the core, and to allow affixation of the brace to the corners of the frame.
  • the extensions fit partially within recessed sections formed in the ends of the casing, and may be screwed, welded bolted, glued and/or otherwise affixed onto the ends of the core.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a buckling restrained braced frame according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a buckling restrained brace used in the frame according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a partially exploded perspective view of a buckling restrained brace showing tubular extensions fastened onto the central core according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a buckling restrained brace according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial bottom view of an end section of a buckling restrained brace according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial bottom view of an alternative embodiment of an end section of a buckling restrained brace according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view through line 7 - 7 of the buckling restrained brace shown in FIG. 4 ;
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views from the same perspective as FIG. 7 illustrating alternative configurations of the core of the buckling restrained brace according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 are cross-sectional views from the same perspective as FIG. 7 illustrating alternative configurations of the outer surface of the casing of the buckling restrained brace according to the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view from the same perspective as FIG. 7 illustrating an alternative configuration of the casing of the buckling restrained brace according to the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view from the same perspective as FIG. 7 illustrating an alternative configuration of the inner surface of the casing of the buckling restrained brace according to the present invention
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view from the same perspective as FIG. 7 illustrating a further alternative configuration of the casing of the buckling restrained brace according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of a buckling restrained braded frame according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 are enlarged cross-sectional views of the embodiment of the buckling restrained braded frame shown in FIG. 16 ;
  • FIG. 19 is a front view of an alternative buckling restrained braced frame according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 through 19 relate to a buckling restrained braced frame for use in light-framed constructions which includes a ductile load bearing core surrounded by a lightweight casing which resists buckling of the core under compressive loads.
  • the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the invention to those skilled in the art. Indeed, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents of these embodiments, which are included within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
  • numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without such specific details.
  • a buckling restrained braced frame (“BRBF”) 100 for use in light-framed constructions.
  • a light-framed construction is any type of construction whose vertical and horizontal structural elements are primarily framed by a system of repetitive wood and/or light gauge steel framing members.
  • BRBF 100 includes a steel frame 102 and a buckling restrained brace 104 .
  • the brace 104 is affixed to the frame 102 at gusset plates 106 welded, bolted, glued and/or otherwise attached to diagonal corners 108 , 110 of the frame 102 . Although only the gusset plates 106 on the front of frame 102 are visible in FIG.
  • an additional two such gusset plates are also welded, bolted, glued and/or otherwise attached to the back of the frame 102 behind the gusset plates 106 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the frame 102 is preferably formed of steel having sufficient strength so as to remain below the yield stress level for the maximum forces deliverable by the brace 104 , thus ensuring that yielding will be limited to the brace 104 and not the frame 102 .
  • buckling restrained brace 104 is comprised of a ductile inner core 110 enclosed within an outer casing 112 .
  • the core 110 may be formed of a steel rod having a circular cross-sectional diameter of approximately 1 ⁇ 2 inch.
  • the core may be formed of other ductile materials and with other diameters in alternative embodiments.
  • the core 110 may be formed of copper or a polymer such as thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the diameter of the core 110 may be between 1 ⁇ 4 inch to 2 inches in alternative embodiments.
  • the casing 112 may be formed for example of wood having an opening 114 ( FIGS. 4 and 7 ) defined by channels 114 a and 114 b through its longitudinal center for receiving core 110 .
  • Various types of wood may be used for the casing 112 , including sawn lumber from lumber groups including spruce-pine-fir, Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir and southern pine.
  • the casing 112 may alternatively be formed of engineered lumber, such as glulam and wood composites. Other types of wood are contemplated. It is further understood that casing 112 may alternatively be formed of a variety of other materials such as a lightweight metal including for example, aluminum, copper, brass, bronze and alloys thereof.
  • the casing may further be formed of other lightweight materials, such as fiberglass or a rigid polymer including for example various plastics. It is understood that a variety of other lightweight metals and materials are accepted equivalents to the metals and materials described above and are contemplated for use in the present invention. For the purposes of the present invention, a conventional steel with cement or mortar combination is not considered equivalent to the lightweight materials described above and would not be used for casing 112 .
  • casing 112 may be formed from two separate halves 112 a and 112 b such as shown in FIGS. 2-4 .
  • Each half 112 a , 112 b may have cross-sectional dimensions perpendicular to its length of 2 inches by 4 inches, so that when assembled together, the cross-sectional dimensions of the casing 112 are 4 inches by 4 inches. It is understood that dimensions of the respective halves and overall casing may vary in alternative embodiments.
  • the halves 112 a , 112 b are affixed together to prevent slip with respect to each other.
  • Various affixation methods may be applied to prevent slip between the halves 112 a , 112 b including an adhesive, epoxy, screws, nails, bolts, or a combination thereof.
  • the affixation method may additionally include one or more mending plates at the interface between halves 112 a , 112 b .
  • Such mending plates may include sharp prongs protruding from the front and back surfaces of the plate which can be driven into the respective opposed surfaces of the halves 112 a , 112 b when the halves are affixed to each other to prevent slip between the halves.
  • the halves may additionally or alternatively be affixed to each other by one or more ropes, straps or bands applied tightly around the halves 112 a , 112 b .
  • a further method of preventing slip between the halves 112 a , 112 b that may be used in addition to or instead of the above-described methods is a wrap applied around the outer surface of the casing once the halves are joined together.
  • the wrap may be applied in liquid form that dries hard, and may be for example a fibrous resin.
  • the opening 114 may be defined by a pair of channels 116 a and 116 b formed in the respective halves (channel 116 a is not visible in the views of FIGS. 2-3 , but is shown for example in FIGS. 5-6 ).
  • the channels 116 a, 116 b may be formed by a router or other known devices for forming channels in wood.
  • Channels 116 a, 116 b are sized depending on the diameter of the core 110 so that core fits within the opening 114 upon connection of the halves 112 a , 112 b as described above and hereinafter. While it may be difficult to form opening 114 through a unitary piece of wood, it is contemplated that casing 112 may be formed of a single, unitary piece of wood with the opening 114 formed therethrough, for example by drilling.
  • casing 112 may alternatively be formed of other lightweight metals and materials in a single, unitary construction, such as for example aluminum, copper, brass, plastic or fiberglass.
  • the opening 114 may be formed during an extrusion, casting or other process for fabricating the unitary casing.
  • a casing 112 formed of these lightweight metals and materials may alternatively be formed in separate halves, as explained above, having channels 116 a, 116 b which are then affixed together using at least some of the affixation methods described above.
  • the material of the casing 112 and the fit of the core 110 within the opening 114 allow the buckling restrained brace to provide hysteretic damping of shear forces on the BRBF 100 without the use of a slip layer conventionally required between the casing and core.
  • the relatively low friction between the casing and core prevents the core from transferring any appreciable axial loads to the casing.
  • the buckling restrained brace 104 may further include tubular extensions 120 connected to each end of core 110 .
  • the extensions may be formed of the same material as the core 110 or another material having a like coefficient of thermal expansion so that the extensions remain securely fixed to the ends of the core 110 at different temperatures and conditions.
  • each tubular extension 120 includes a threaded bore 122 ( FIG. 2 ) formed partially through the extension, into which bores threaded ends 124 of core 110 are received.
  • the threads in ends 124 may be cut threads which are cut into the core so that the outer diameter of the threads is equal to the outer diameter of the core 110 .
  • the threads in ends 124 may be rolled threads which are formed in a rolling process which displaces the material between the threads.
  • the threads have an outer diameter that is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the core.
  • the tubular extensions 120 may be welded, bolted, glued and/or affixed by other means onto the ends of core 110 .
  • the extensions 120 are provided to maintain the casing 112 in position around the core 110 , and protrude out of the ends of the casing 112 as shown to allow affixation of the brace 104 to the frame 102 .
  • a bolt 126 may fit through holes formed in the front and rear gusset plates 106 at opposed corners of frame 102 , and a hole 128 may be formed through each tubular extension allowing the brace 104 to be bolted to frame 102 .
  • the bolts 126 through holes 128 allow some relative movement between the frame 102 and brace 104 without generating stress within the tubular extensions 120 or gusset plates 106 as a result of such relative movement.
  • the extensions 120 fit within recessed sections 130 a, 130 b ( FIGS. 2 and 3 ) formed in casing halves 112 a , 112 b , respectively, at each end of the halves.
  • the tubular extensions 120 preferably have a larger diameter than core 110 , for example 1 inch in embodiments where the core has a diameter of 1 ⁇ 2 inch.
  • recessed sections 130 a, 130 b are recessed into halves 112 a , 112 b to a slightly greater degree than are channels 116 a, 116 b to thereby accommodate the extensions 120 .
  • the fit of extensions 120 within recessed sections 130 a, 130 b maintains the casing 112 in position about the core 110 .
  • the recessed sections may be formed by drilling (where the casing is formed of wood), or during the extrusion or casting process (where the casing is formed of other lightweight metals and materials).
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are views of the channel 116 a and recessed section 130 a in casing half 112 a .
  • the boundary between the channel 116 a and the recessed section 130 a may be abrupt right angles formed in casing half 112 a .
  • the boundary between the channel 116 a and the recessed section 130 a may be a gradual blending at a section 134 between the diameter of the recessed section 130 a and the diameter of channel 116 a.
  • the gradual blending at section 134 may reduce stress concentrations within the casing 112 upon compressive deformation of core 110 .
  • the configurations shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 may also be provided in casing half 112 b.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view through line 7 - 7 in FIG. 4 , namely through a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the core 110 .
  • the casing 112 is comprised of halves 112 a and 112 b defining the opening 114 within which the core 110 is positioned so as to lie in contact with the casing 112 along four lines of contact.
  • the diameter of the core may be slightly smaller than that of opening 114 so that there is a small spacing between the core 110 and the casing 112 .
  • the shape of the core 110 may vary from circular in alternative embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view from the same perspective of FIG. 7 , but in the embodiment of FIG. 8 , the core 110 may have a square or rectangular cross-section.
  • the dimensions of the channels forming opening 114 may be sized so that opening 114 substantially conforms to the shape of the core 110 , leaving little or no space between the core and casing on all sides.
  • the dimensions of the channels forming opening 114 may be sized so that some space exists between one or more surfaces of the rectangular core 110 and the casing 112 .
  • the plane defined where the halves 112 a and 112 b come together is substantially parallel to the planes of the two opposed major surfaces of the core 110 (i.e., the planes are all horizontal from the perspective shown in FIG. 8 ).
  • the core may be rotated from the position shown in FIG. 8 relative to the casing.
  • the core may be rotated 45° from that shown in FIG. 8 so that the core lies diagonally within the opening 114 .
  • the core may be rotated 90° from that shown in FIG. 8 so that the plane between the halves 112 a , 112 b lies perpendicular to the planes of the major surfaces of the core 110 . All other angular orientations of the core relative to the intersecting plane of halves 112 a , 112 b are contemplated.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a further cross-sectional shape of core 110 , where the core is shaped by perpendicularly intersecting planes that form a cross- or “X”-shape.
  • Other shapes such as oval or elliptical, are contemplated, and other angular orientations of the core relative to the intersecting plane of halves 112 a , 112 b are contemplated.
  • the opening 114 may be square shaped as shown in FIG. 9 , or it may be cut to conform to the shape of the core 110 shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the shape of the outer surface of casing 112 and/or the shape of opening 114 may vary in alternative embodiments.
  • the casing may have a circular cross-section as shown in FIG. 10 , or an elliptical or oval cross-section as shown in FIG. 11 . While the major axis of the ellipse shown in FIG. 11 is parallel to the intersecting plane of halves 112 a , 112 b , all other orientations of the ellipse major axis to the intersecting plane of halves 112 a , 112 b are contemplated.
  • the outer corners of the casing 112 may be rounded as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the outer surface of casing 12 may further be formed with a triangular cross-sectional shape in alternative embodiments.
  • each of the halves themselves may be formed in substantially triangular sections that fit together as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • Other angular orientations between the intersecting plane of halves 112 a and 112 b and the outer surfaces of the casing 112 are contemplated in further embodiments.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional view from the same perspective of FIG. 7 , but in the embodiment of FIG. 14 , both the opening 114 and core 110 have substantially conforming cross-sectional circular, elliptical or oval shapes.
  • casing 112 has been described as being either unitary or formed of two separate halves. However, in a further alternative embodiment, the casing 112 may be formed of more than two halves. For example, as shown in FIG. 15 , the casing may be formed of 4 separate pieces, two larger sections 112 a , 112 b connected by two smaller sections 112 c, 112 d. Each of the sections may be affixed to each other by any of the affixation methods described above. As a further example (not shown), the four separate sections may each have a cross-sectional shape of a rhombus, each being the same size, so that the respective sections fit together to define the opening 114 .
  • FIGS. 8 through 15 may be combined with each other to provide a buckling restrained brace 104 having a wide variety of core and casing configurations.
  • FIGS. 16-18 A further alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 16-18 .
  • the core 110 is encased within a pair of cylindrical conduits 150 and 152 .
  • the conduits 150 , 152 may be identical to each other and may have an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the core 110 .
  • the inner diameter of the conduits 150 , 152 may be 2 inches.
  • the conduits may have wall thicknesses of about 1 ⁇ 4 inch. It is understood that the spacing between the core and inner diameters of the conduits, as well as the wall thicknesses of the conduits, may vary above and below the dimensions disclosed above in alternative embodiments.
  • the conduits may be formed of steel, or other materials including different metals such as copper or bronze, and polymers such as thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the conduit 150 when assembled, has a first end 154 abutting against the tubular extension 120 and a second end 156 .
  • the conduit 152 has a first end 158 abutting against the tubular extension 120 and a second end 160 .
  • the lengths of the conduits 150 and 152 are provided so that, when assembled, a gap exists between the ends 156 and 160 of the respective conduits 150 and 152 .
  • the gap may be approximately 1 to 4 inches and may further be approximately 2 inches, and is provided so that the conduits 150 and 152 do not interfere with the buckling of the brace 104 under a compressive load.
  • the gap between the ends 156 , 160 of the respective conduits may be less than 1 inch and greater than 4 inches in alternative embodiments. In a preferred embodiment, the gap may be located half way along the length of the brace 104 . However, it is understood that the lengths of the respective conduits 150 and 152 may be different than each other so that the position of the gap is not centered along the brace 104 in alternative embodiments.
  • a spring 162 is provided around the core 110 within the gap between the conduits 150 and 152 . When assembled, spring 162 is compressed between the conduit ends 156 and 158 . In addition to maintaining the conduit ends 154 and 158 in contact with the respective tubular extensions 120 , the spring 162 also provides some resistance to buckling of the core.
  • a slightly larger diameter conduit 164 may be placed over the spring 162 and has ends which overlap by a few inches the ends 156 and 160 of the conduits 150 and 152 .
  • the wire diameter of the coil spring 162 is provided to be the same as the wall thicknesses of conduits 150 and 152 .
  • the spacing between the core 110 and spring 162 may be the same as the spacing between the core 110 and conduits 150 , 152 .
  • the conduit 164 may be slid into position over both the conduits 150 , 152 and the spring 162 .
  • the conduit 164 may be approximately 4 to 6 inches long, but it is understood that it may be shorter or longer than that in alternative embodiments.
  • the conduit 164 may be held in place as by welding, screws, bolting, glue and/or other affixation methods.
  • channels 114 a and 114 b may be provided to fit relatively snugly around conduits 150 and 152 .
  • the respective halves 112 a and 112 b of the casing may be locally routed to define an enlarged portion 170 (one such portion shown in half 112 b ). It is understood that the cross-section of the inner and/or outer diameters of the conduits 150 , 152 and 164 may be other than circular in alternative embodiments.
  • the BRBF 100 includes a frame 102 and a single buckling restrained brace 104 diagonally mounted in frame 102 .
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a further alternative embodiment including more than one buckling restrained brace 104 forming a “V” within frame 102 .
  • a pair of additional central gusset plates 140 may be provided (the second plate 140 not seen is mounted to frame 102 behind the plate 140 shown).
  • Each buckling restrained brace 104 may be of identical structure to the brace 104 described above, except that each brace 104 shown in FIG. 16 has a first end connected to the upper corners of the frame 102 , and a second end connected to the central gusset plates 140 .
  • the BRBF 100 shown in FIG. 16 may alternatively be inverted so that the braces 104 form an upside down “V.”
  • the connection points of the respective braces 104 on central gusset plates 140 are preferably near to each other to minimize the moment forces generated on the central gusset plates 140 by the braces 104 .
  • the BRBF 100 is scalable to different sizes, and may be provided with different aspect ratios.
  • the frame 102 may be 4 feet wide by 8 feet high.
  • the buckling restrained brace 104 shown in FIG. 1 may be approximately 81 ⁇ 2 feet long, with the casing 112 being approximately 8 feet long, and the tubular extensions 120 extending approximately 3 inches out from each end of the casing 112 .
  • the core 110 in such an embodiment may be approximately 7 feet, 8 inches long, with one inch on each end of the core being received within the tubular extensions.
  • the tubular extensions may extend into the recessed sections 130 a, 130 b approximately 3 inches to give a total length of the tubular extensions of approximately 6 inches.
  • the length for the casing, the length of the core, the length of the threads on the core, the length of the tubular extensions and the amount the tubular extensions extend from the casing may all vary from the values given above in alternative embodiments. Similarly, the values given above may vary for different sizes and aspect ratios of the BRBF 100 .
  • the BRBF 100 can be mounted within a wall of a light-framed construction to add structural rigidity and resistance to shear. It may be mounted to an underlying support surface which may be a concrete building foundation, a floor diaphragm on the building foundation or a floor diaphragm on a top plate of a lower floor. It may be fastened to the underlying support surface by means of anchors provided through holes formed in the lower bar of frame 102 . Other anchoring mechanisms may be used in alternative embodiments, such as for example by strap anchors, mudsill anchors, retrofit bolts, foundation plate holdowns, straps, ties, nails, screws, framing anchors, ties, plates, straps or a combination thereof. The BRBF 100 may similarly include holes in the top bar of the frame 102 for affixation to a top plate of a wall as by bolts or other anchoring mechanisms described above.
  • the brace 104 may repeatably yield in both tension and compression to provide hysteretic damping of the shear forces.
  • the inherent ductile properties of the core 110 allows the buckling restrained brace to yield under tensile loads and the restraint of the casing 112 against the core 110 allows the buckling restrained brace to yield under compressive loads, thus damping the shear stresses that would otherwise bear on the frame 102 .
  • the nature of the materials used for the core and casing allow the tensile and compressive loads to be borne by the core and not the casing.
  • a further advantage of the BRBF 100 according to the present invention is that they may be constructed on-site during construction. Additionally, after a seismic event, the casing 112 may be easily removed and the core inspected. Thus, if the integrity of the core remains intact, a new casing may be assembled around the core and no replacement of the BRBF 100 is necessary.

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050257450A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-11-24 Chong-Shien Tsai Shock-absorbing tie brace
US20080229683A1 (en) * 2007-03-19 2008-09-25 Pavel Bystricky Buckling restrained brace for structural reinforcement and seismic energy dissipation and method of producing same
EP1936053A3 (en) * 2006-12-22 2011-06-22 Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc. Moment frame connector
US20110232221A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 National Applied Research Laboratories Buckling restrained brace
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US20120047846A1 (en) * 2009-03-18 2012-03-01 Vsl International Ag Support construction having increased structural dampening
CN103233590A (zh) * 2013-05-10 2013-08-07 东南大学 带备用索的屈曲约束支撑
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US20140041320A1 (en) * 2011-09-22 2014-02-13 Tongji University Seismic-incurred-rupture-resistant deformation-recordable buckling-restrained brace and fabricating method thereof
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WO2017019980A1 (en) * 2015-07-29 2017-02-02 Corebrace, Llc Displacement measurement systems and methods
WO2017052386A1 (en) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-30 Reid David Johnson A connector
US9644384B2 (en) * 2015-02-12 2017-05-09 Star Seismic, Llc Buckling restrained brace and related methods
CN106798628A (zh) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-06 三星电子株式会社 框架组件和包括该框架组件的运动辅助设备
CN108060815A (zh) * 2017-06-08 2018-05-22 大连大学 减震支撑装置
US10047537B2 (en) * 2016-05-19 2018-08-14 Wasatch Composite Analysis LLC Composite sleeve rod axial dampener for buildings and structures
WO2018208307A1 (en) * 2017-05-11 2018-11-15 Portland State University Energy dissipators with rotated members
CN109057489A (zh) * 2017-05-17 2018-12-21 大连大学 扭转防失稳装置
CN111519782A (zh) * 2020-05-07 2020-08-11 山东天元建设机械有限公司 一种纯钢型屈曲约束支撑
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US11299880B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2022-04-12 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. Moment frame connector
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US7707788B2 (en) 2007-03-19 2010-05-04 Kazak Composites, Incorporated Buckling restrained brace for structural reinforcement and seismic energy dissipation and method of producing same
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US9062456B2 (en) * 2009-03-18 2015-06-23 Vsl International Ag Support construction having increased structural dampening
US20110232221A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 National Applied Research Laboratories Buckling restrained brace
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US8789319B2 (en) * 2011-09-22 2014-07-29 Tongji University Seismic-incurred-rupture-resistant deformation-recordable buckling-restrained brace and fabricating method thereof
US20140305048A1 (en) * 2011-11-25 2014-10-16 Jfe Steel Corporation Brace member
US9045913B2 (en) * 2011-11-25 2015-06-02 Jfe Steel Corporation Brace member
CN103233528A (zh) * 2013-05-10 2013-08-07 东南大学 自复位屈曲约束支撑
CN103233590A (zh) * 2013-05-10 2013-08-07 东南大学 带备用索的屈曲约束支撑
CN103233590B (zh) * 2013-05-10 2015-12-16 东南大学 带备用索的屈曲约束支撑
CN103243833A (zh) * 2013-05-22 2013-08-14 柳州东方工程橡胶制品有限公司 一种防屈曲支撑制造装置及用其制造防屈曲支撑的方法
US9540812B2 (en) * 2014-03-17 2017-01-10 Chong-Shien Tsai Bracing device
US20150259899A1 (en) * 2014-03-17 2015-09-17 Chong-Shien Tsai Bracing device
GB2531422A (en) * 2014-09-10 2016-04-20 Gripple Ltd Stiffening assembly
GB2531422B (en) * 2014-09-10 2018-10-03 Gripple Ltd Stiffening assembly
US9644384B2 (en) * 2015-02-12 2017-05-09 Star Seismic, Llc Buckling restrained brace and related methods
US9909335B2 (en) 2015-02-12 2018-03-06 Star Seismic, Llc Buckling restrained braces and related methods
US9989349B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2018-06-05 Corebrace, Llc Displacement measurement systems and methods
WO2017019980A1 (en) * 2015-07-29 2017-02-02 Corebrace, Llc Displacement measurement systems and methods
WO2017052386A1 (en) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-30 Reid David Johnson A connector
CN105201095A (zh) * 2015-10-16 2015-12-30 中建四局第一建筑工程有限公司 一种超高层建筑约束支撑抗震结构及制作方法
US10596060B2 (en) 2015-11-26 2020-03-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Frame assembly and motion assistance apparatus including the same
EP3173058A3 (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-07-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Frame assembly and motion assistance apparatus including the same
CN106798628A (zh) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-06 三星电子株式会社 框架组件和包括该框架组件的运动辅助设备
EP3581166A1 (en) * 2015-11-26 2019-12-18 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Frame assembly and motion assistance apparatus including the same
US10047537B2 (en) * 2016-05-19 2018-08-14 Wasatch Composite Analysis LLC Composite sleeve rod axial dampener for buildings and structures
US20180363316A1 (en) * 2016-05-19 2018-12-20 Wasatch Composite Analysis LLC Composite sleeve rod axial dampener for buildings and structures
US10584508B2 (en) * 2016-05-19 2020-03-10 Wasatch Composite Analysis LLC Composite sleeve rod axial dampener for buildings and structures
WO2018208307A1 (en) * 2017-05-11 2018-11-15 Portland State University Energy dissipators with rotated members
CN109057489A (zh) * 2017-05-17 2018-12-21 大连大学 扭转防失稳装置
CN108060815A (zh) * 2017-06-08 2018-05-22 大连大学 减震支撑装置
US11649632B2 (en) * 2018-04-20 2023-05-16 Paul William Richards Buckling-restrained braces and frames including the same
US11499331B2 (en) 2019-09-26 2022-11-15 Christopher ABELA Ductile anchor attachment (DAA) mechanism
US12270227B2 (en) 2019-09-26 2025-04-08 Christopher ABELA Ductile anchor attachment (DAA) mechanism, fuse plate system, and modified jacket
CN111519782A (zh) * 2020-05-07 2020-08-11 山东天元建设机械有限公司 一种纯钢型屈曲约束支撑
US20220330690A1 (en) * 2021-04-20 2022-10-20 Meco Corporation Folding desk
US12213585B2 (en) * 2021-04-20 2025-02-04 Meco Corporation Folding desk
CN113293878A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-24 北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司 一种带限位功能的双屈服点钢棒屈曲约束支撑
US12286810B2 (en) 2021-10-19 2025-04-29 Kimberley S. Robinson Devices and systems for displacement control in seismic braces and yielding links
CN116044038A (zh) * 2023-01-31 2023-05-02 北京工业大学 一种具有内凹槽型的新型装配式防屈曲装置

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