US20050223628A1 - Fuel additive - Google Patents
Fuel additive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050223628A1 US20050223628A1 US10/506,963 US50696305A US2005223628A1 US 20050223628 A1 US20050223628 A1 US 20050223628A1 US 50696305 A US50696305 A US 50696305A US 2005223628 A1 US2005223628 A1 US 2005223628A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- composition
- naphtha
- hydrocarbon fuel
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
- A61P31/06—Antibacterial agents for tuberculosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
Definitions
- the fatty acid amide may be a fatty acid dialkanolamide.
- the fatty acid amide may be coconut diethanolamide, for example, a product available from Albright & Wilson under the tradename EMPILAN 2502.
- the composition may include polyoxyethylene-nonylphenol, coconut diethanolamide and heavy naphtha.
- the composition may contain one part polyoxyethylene-nonylphenol, two parts coconut diethanolamide, two parts heavy naphtha and one part oleic acid, by volume.
- the hydrocarbon fuel may include between about 1.5% and 2%, by volume, of the composition.
- a 74.6 KW (100 horsepower) Scotch Marine Boiler with a full modulation industrial combustion Hev-e-Oil burner was used.
- the boiler was modified to accept fuel from two sources, namely, a main tank containing the No. 5 blend fuel oil described above (without the additive) and an auxiliary tank containing the fuel prepared in accordance with Example 1. Return lines of the boiler were re-piped to recirculate through the main fuel oil pump and the burner bypass valve respectively. This enabled the fuel supplied to the boiler to be changed, between the two sources as required, without a return oil consideration.
- a series of tests were conducted using the boiler and the compositions described above, as is set out in more detail below.
- a steam flow capacity test was conducted. In order to do this a flow meter was installed between the feed water supply pump and the boiler. The boiler was run on the fuel in accordance with Example 1 and was brought up to an operating pressure of approximately 379 KPa (55 psi). The steam capacity was randomly measured at about 832.6 kg per hour (1834 pounds per hour). This was calculated by measuring the amount of water entering the boiler using the flow meter over a predetermined period and by relying on the accepted relationship between mass and gallons of water evaporated in the boiler industry i.e. that the mass of steam in pounds per hour divided by 500 is equal to the gallons of water per minute evaporated.
- a comparative test was conducted to determine the amount of fuel consumed to produce a given quantity of steam for both fuels. Each test was started immediately after feed water supply pump was shut off and the fuel valve was simultaneously opened. The starting time was noted and the water supply reading was noted. Each test was conducted using 23.9 litres (5.264 gallons) of the fuel. Each sample was weighed beforehand. Each test was stopped by shutting off the fuel valve and noting the time at a later feed water supply shut off. The feed water pump was controlled automatically through a MacDonnel Miller No. 157 assembly that engaged the pump at a fixed low water point and disengaged the pump at a fixed high water point. The test results are set out in Table 2 below. TABLE 2 Comparative fuel consumption tests.
- the Applicant also believes that the fuel in accordance with the invention improves engine life as a result of the drop in exhaust temperatures.
- the composition is odourless, non-acidic, nontoxic and, therefore, does not harm the skin if handled.
- the flash point of the composition is substantially the same as the fuel with which it is mixed and, therefore, safety aspects in handling and transportation are not compromised by including the composition in a fuel,
- Example 2 For a given rpm the test in Example 2 showed that the engine running on the fuel in accordance with the invention required comparative to slightly less fuel flow rates to the diesel fuel and, at which flow rate, the power output increased. The exhaust temperature also significantly decreased. It is also believed that the lower rpm for the same power output and a lower operating temperature contributes to an improvement in engine life.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA2002/1965 | 2002-03-08 | ||
ZA200201965 | 2002-03-08 | ||
PCT/IB2003/000787 WO2003075954A1 (fr) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-03-03 | Additif de combustible |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050223628A1 true US20050223628A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
Family
ID=27805740
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/506,963 Abandoned US20050223628A1 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-03-03 | Fuel additive |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050223628A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1490102A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2005530862A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1297636C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003208499A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2518586A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003075954A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080104884A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-08 | Hubert Boux | Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use |
US20220002628A1 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2022-01-06 | Sulnox Group Plc | Emulsifer and emulsions |
WO2023031717A3 (fr) * | 2021-09-02 | 2024-03-21 | Glensol (Pty) Limited | Compositions d'émulsifiant |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006002058A (ja) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-05 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | エマルション燃料用乳化剤 |
JP6041383B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-31 | 2016-12-07 | 株式会社ニレコ | W/o可溶化型加水燃料 |
CN105623755B (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-18 | 佛山市南海区巨人化学品制造有限公司 | 一种高效汽油添加剂及其制备方法 |
GB2598470A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-03-02 | Antonio Trevino Quintanilla Sergio | Process for the production of an improved diesel fuel |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3527581A (en) * | 1966-10-17 | 1970-09-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Microemulsions of water in hydrocarbon fuel for engines |
US4173455A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1979-11-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fire-safe hydrocarbon fuels |
US5000757A (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1991-03-19 | British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Preparation and combustion of fuel oil emulsions |
US5284492A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1994-02-08 | Nalco Fuel Tech | Enhanced lubricity fuel oil emulsions |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS614724A (ja) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-01-10 | Showa Denko Kk | ピロ−ル系化合物の重合体の製造方法 |
SU1243342A1 (ru) * | 1984-07-23 | 1994-04-15 | В.С. Азев | Топливная композиция |
JPS61114724A (ja) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-06-02 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | 乳化剤組成物 |
-
2003
- 2003-03-03 EP EP03706789A patent/EP1490102A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-03 WO PCT/IB2003/000787 patent/WO2003075954A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-03-03 US US10/506,963 patent/US20050223628A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-03 CN CNB038102587A patent/CN1297636C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-03 JP JP2003574227A patent/JP2005530862A/ja active Pending
- 2003-03-03 AU AU2003208499A patent/AU2003208499A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-03 CA CA002518586A patent/CA2518586A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3527581A (en) * | 1966-10-17 | 1970-09-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Microemulsions of water in hydrocarbon fuel for engines |
US4173455A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1979-11-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fire-safe hydrocarbon fuels |
US5000757A (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1991-03-19 | British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Preparation and combustion of fuel oil emulsions |
US5284492A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1994-02-08 | Nalco Fuel Tech | Enhanced lubricity fuel oil emulsions |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080104884A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-08 | Hubert Boux | Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use |
US7976590B2 (en) | 2006-11-08 | 2011-07-12 | Global Terralene Inc. | Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use |
US20220002628A1 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2022-01-06 | Sulnox Group Plc | Emulsifer and emulsions |
US11667861B2 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-06-06 | Sulnox Group Plc | Emulsifier and emulsions |
WO2023031717A3 (fr) * | 2021-09-02 | 2024-03-21 | Glensol (Pty) Limited | Compositions d'émulsifiant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1297636C (zh) | 2007-01-31 |
CA2518586A1 (fr) | 2003-09-18 |
EP1490102A1 (fr) | 2004-12-29 |
AU2003208499A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
CN1652818A (zh) | 2005-08-10 |
WO2003075954A1 (fr) | 2003-09-18 |
JP2005530862A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HYDROFUEL (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED, SOUTH AFRICA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MAWDSLEY, MICHAEL JOHN;REEL/FRAME:016530/0419 Effective date: 20041011 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |