US20050153182A1 - Fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents

Fuel cell power generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050153182A1
US20050153182A1 US10/500,274 US50027404A US2005153182A1 US 20050153182 A1 US20050153182 A1 US 20050153182A1 US 50027404 A US50027404 A US 50027404A US 2005153182 A1 US2005153182 A1 US 2005153182A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
electric power
fuel cell
temperature
electricity
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Abandoned
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US10/500,274
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English (en)
Inventor
Masataka Ozeki
Akinari Nakamura
Shinji Miyauchi
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Panasonic Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Assigned to MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. reassignment MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MIYAUCHI, SHINJI, NAKAMURA, AKINARI, OZEKI, MASATAKA
Publication of US20050153182A1 publication Critical patent/US20050153182A1/en
Assigned to PANASONIC CORPORATION reassignment PANASONIC CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
Priority to US12/484,386 priority Critical patent/US8012640B2/en
Priority to US13/192,917 priority patent/US8263281B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell electricity-generating device which generates electricity using a fuel cell.
  • a related art fuel cell electricity-generating device has a fuel cell 1 of generating electricity with a fuel gas and an oxidizer, a fuel processor 2 of producing a fuel rich in hydrogen from an electricity-generating material comprising water incorporated in a natural gas or the like, a combustion device 3 of combusting a residual fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 , a blower 4 of supplying air into the fuel cell 1 as an oxidizer, an electric power generation instructing means 5 of adjusting the electric power generated by the fuel cell 1 and an electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 of adjusting the amount of electricity-generating material and water to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 .
  • the fuel processor 2 comprises a fuel producing means of producing a fuel to be supplied into the fuel cell 1 and a carbon oxide removing means of reducing the content of carbon monoxide in the fuel gas to an extent such that the catalyst of the fuel cell 1 is not damaged.
  • the combustion device 3 receives the residual fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 and combusts the residual fuel gas to raise the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 to a temperature at which the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 can efficiently produce a fuel gas (about 700° C.).
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 adjusts the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 so that the fuel gas can be supplied into the fuel cell 1 in an amount required to generate the electric power determined by the electric power generation instructing means 5 .
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 also adjusts the temperature of the fuel processor 2 by changing the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 .
  • the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 is reduced to reduce the amount of the residual fuel gas to be supplied into the combustion device 3 and hence the amount of combustion in the combustion device 3 is reduced, thereby lowering the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 increases the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 to increase the amount of the residual fuel gas to be supplied into the combustion device 3 and hence the amount of combustion in the combustion device 3 is increased, thereby raising the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the carbon monoxide removing means provided in the fuel processor 2 performs effectively its function of removing carbon monoxide normally at from about 200° C. to 300° C.
  • the fuel processor 2 comprises in combination a fuel producing means which works at about 700° C. and a carbon monoxide removing means which works at from about 200° C. to 300° C. and thus avoids sudden change of the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material so that the temperature of the two means are well balanced.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 changes the generated electric power successively depending on the load power to be supplied by the fuel cell electricity-generating device. Since the load power changes momentarily, it is desirable that the change of the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material be conducted at the same time with the change of the load power to effect efficient generation of electricity.
  • the generated electric power is raised at the same rate as that at which the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 is raised at a maximum rate at which the amount of the electricity-generating material can be raised (about 20 minutes needed to reach from 50% of rated output to rated output) because when the electricity-generating material runs short, the generated electric power cannot be raised.
  • a process which comprises suddenly lowering the generated electric power so that the amount of the residual fuel gas to be discharged from the fuel cell is transiently increased, and then decreasing the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material.
  • the generated electric power is suddenly decreased to increase the amount of the residual fuel gas to be discharged from the fuel cell as mentioned above
  • the residual fuel gas is then supplied into the combustion device 3 to suddenly increase the amount of combustion in the combustion device 3 in a short period of time, causing abnormal rise of the temperature of the fuel processor 2 that makes it necessary that the operation of the fuel cell electricity-generating device be suspended.
  • This not only deteriorates the durability of the fuel processor 2 but also leads to the damage of the fuel processor 2 in the worst case.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell electricity-generating device which is not subject to abnormal rise of the temperature of the fuel processor and hence deterioration of the durability or damage of the fuel processor even if the load power shows sudden drop taking into account these problems of the related art fuel cell electricity-generating device.
  • a first invention of the present invention is a fuel cell electricity-generating device comprising:
  • a second invention of the present invention is the fuel cell electricity-generating device as described in Claim 1 , wherein the generated electric power is decreased at a rate with a predetermined upper-limit while the temperature of said fuel processor is rising but at unlimited rate while the temperature of said fuel processor is not rising.
  • a third invention concerns a fuel cell electricity-generating device comprising:
  • a fourth invention concerns the fuel cell electricity-generating device of the third invention wherein a mode of preventing the decrease of generated electric power (first power limitation mode) is executed when the temperature of said fuel processor is not lower than a first threshold value and the rate at which the generated electric power is decreased is not limited when the temperature of said fuel processor is not higher than a second threshold value which is lower than the first threshold value.
  • first power limitation mode a mode of preventing the decrease of generated electric power
  • a fifth invention concerns the fuel cell electricity-generating device of the fourth invention wherein said first power limitation mode is released when said electric power generation instructing means maintains or begins to raise the electric power generated by said fuel cell.
  • a sixth invention concerns the fuel cell electricity-generating device of the third invention wherein a mode of decreasing the generated electric power at a rate with a predetermined upper limit (second power limitation mode) is executed when the temperature of said fuel processor is not lower than a third threshold value, and the rate at which the generated electric power is decreased is not limited when the temperature of said fuel processor is not higher than a fourth threshold value which is lower than the third threshold value.
  • second power limitation mode a mode of decreasing the generated electric power at a rate with a predetermined upper limit
  • a seventh invention concerns the fuel cell electricity-generating device of the sixth invention wherein said second power limitation mode is released when said electric power generation instructing means maintains or begins to raise the electric power generated by said fuel cell.
  • an eighth invention concerns the fuel cell electricity-generating device of the third invention wherein a mode of preventing the decrease of generated electric power (first power limitation mode) is executed when the temperature of said fuel processor is not lower than the first threshold value, a mode of decreasing the generated electric power at a rate with a predetermined upper limit (second power limitation mode) is executed when the temperature of said fuel processor is not higher than the second threshold value, which is lower than said first threshold value and the rate at which the generated electric power is decreased is not limited when the temperature of said fuel processor is not higher than the fourth threshold value which is lower than the second threshold value.
  • first power limitation mode a mode of preventing the decrease of generated electric power
  • second power limitation mode a mode of decreasing the generated electric power at a rate with a predetermined upper limit
  • a ninth invention concerns the fuel cell electricity-generating device of the eighth invention wherein both of said first and second power limitation modes are released when said electric power generation instructing means maintains or begins to raise the electric power generated by said fuel cell.
  • a tenth invention concerns a fuel cell electricity-generating method of generating electricity using a fuel cell electricity-generating device comprising:
  • an eleventh invention concerns a fuel cell electricity-generating method of generating electricity using a fuel cell electricity-generating device comprising:
  • the generated electric power determined by the electric power generation instructing means of determining the electric power generated by the fuel cell is limited depending on the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor of producing a fuel to be supplied into the aforementioned fuel cell from an electricity-generating material, preventing abnormal rise of the temperature of the fuel processor even in the case of sudden drop of load power and hence the deterioration of durability or damage of the fuel processor.
  • FIG. 1 is a configurational diagram illustrating a fuel cell electricity-generating device according to a first embodiment of implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the operational state of an electric power generation instructing means 5 according to the first embodiment of implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a configurational diagram illustrating a fuel cell electricity-generating device according to a second embodiment of implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the operational state of an electric power generation instructing means 5 according to the second embodiment of implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a configurational diagram illustrating a fuel cell electricity-generating device according to a third embodiment of implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the operational state of an electric power generation instructing means 5 according to the third embodiment of implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a configurational diagram illustrating a fuel cell electricity-generating device according to a fourth embodiment of implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating the operational state of an electric power generation instructing means 5 according to the fourth embodiment of implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a configurational diagram illustrating a related art fuel cell electricity-generating device.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one of embodiments of implementation of the present invention. Where the constituent elements are the same as those of the related art example, the same numbers are used.
  • the fuel cell electricity-generating device has a fuel cell 1 of generating electricity with a fuel gas and an oxidizer, a fuel processor 2 of producing a fuel rich in hydrogen from an electricity-generating material comprising water incorporated in a natural gas or the like, a combustion device 3 of combusting a residual fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 , a blower 4 of supplying air into the fuel celll as an oxidizer, an electric power generation instructing means 5 of adjusting the electric power generated by the fuel cell 1 , an electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 of adjusting the amount of electricity-generating material and water to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 , a temperature sensing means 7 of sensing the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 and a temperature comparing means 8 of comparing the temperature detected at different points of time to judge to see if the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is rising or falling or kept unchanged.
  • the fuel processor 2 comprises a fuel producing means of producing a fuel to be supplied into the fuel cell 1 and a carbon monoxide removing means of reducing the content of carbon monoxide in the fuel gas to an extent such that the catalyst of the fuel cell 1 is not damaged.
  • the temperature sensing means 7 senses the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the temperature comparing means 8 compares the temperature detected at different points of time to judge to see if the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is rising or falling or kept unchanged and then outputs the results of judgment to the electric power generation instructing means 5 .
  • the combustion device 3 receives the residual fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 and combusts the residual fuel gas to raise the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 to a temperature at which the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 can efficiently produce a fuel gas (about 700° C.).
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 adjusts the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 so that the fuel gas can be supplied into the fuel cell 1 in an amount required to generate the electric power determined by the electric power generation instructing means 5 .
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 also changes the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 to adjust the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 is reduced to reduce the amount of the residual fuel gas to be supplied into the combustion device 3 and hence the amount of combustion in the combustion device 3 , causing the drop of the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 increases the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 to increase the amount of the residual fuel gas to be supplied into the combustion device 3 and hence the amount of combustion in the combustion device 3 , causing the rise of the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the algorithm through which the electric power generation instructing means 5 according to an embodiment of implementation of the present invention changes the generated electric power.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the electric power generated by the fuel cell electricity-generating device with the load power to be supplied (S 001 ). When the load power is greater than the electric power generated by the fuel cell electricity-generating device, the generated electric power is then raised at an upper limit of rate at which the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material can be raised without breaking the temperature balance of the fuel processor 2 (about 20 minutes are required to reach from 50% of rated output to rated output) (S 002 ). When the rated output of the fuel cell electricity-generating device is 1 kW, the electric power is raised at a rate of 100 W per 4 minutes. At the same time, the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 increases the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material at a rate that the amount corresponding to 100 W is increased per 4 minutes so as to supply the electricity-generating material in an amount required to generate the desired electric power.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 detects to see if the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is rising (S 003 ). If the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is falling or remains unchanged, the electric power generation instructing means 5 judges that the fuel processor 2 shows no abnormal temperature rise even when the amount of the residual fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 increases and then immediately changes the electric current withdrawn from the fuel cell to cause the generated electric power to coincide with the load power (S 004 ). At the same time, the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 decreases the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material at a rate that the amount corresponding to 100 W is decreased per 4 minutes.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 judges a fear that the amount of the residual fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 increases to cause abnormal rise of the temperature of the fuel processor 2 and then decreases the electric power at a rate of 100 W per 4 minutes, which is the same as the rate at which the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 decreases the amount of the electricity-generating material (S 005 ). As a result, the generated electric power gradually approaches to the load power to be supplied.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 immediately causes the generated electric power to coincide with the load power.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 decreases the generated electric power at the same rate as the rate at which the electricity-generating material is decreased. In this manner, when it is little likely that the temperature of the fuel processor 2 can rise abnormally, a high efficiency electricity generation can be realized.
  • the rise of the temperature of the fuel processor 2 can be inhibited, making it possible to prevent unnecessary suspension of the operation of the fuel cell electricity-generating device or avoid deterioration of durability of the fuel processor 2 and even damage of the fuel processor 2 .
  • FIG. 3 The configuration of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of implementation of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3 . Where the parts are the same as those of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment, the same numbers are used and their detailed description are omitted.
  • the fuel cell electricity-generating device has a fuel cell 1 of generating electricity with a fuel gas and an oxidizer, a fuel processor 2 of producing a fuel rich in hydrogen from an electricity-generating material comprising water incorporated in a natural gas or the like, a combustion device 3 of combusting a residual fuel gas discharged from.
  • the fuel cell 1 a blower 4 of supplying air into the fuel cell 1 as an oxidizer, an electric power generation instructing means 5 of adjusting the electric power generated by the fuel cell 1 , an electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 of adjusting the amount of electricity-generating material and water to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 , a temperature sensing means 7 of sensing the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 and a temperature comparing means 9 of comparing the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 with first, second, third and fourth threshold values described later, respectively, to judge to see if the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 is higher or not higher than the various threshold values.
  • the fuel processor 2 comprises a fuel producing means of producing a fuel to be supplied into the fuel cell 1 and a carbon monoxide removing means of reducing the content of carbon monoxide in the fuel gas to an extent such that the catalyst of the fuel cell 1 is not damaged.
  • the temperature sensing means 7 senses the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the temperature comparing means 9 compares the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 with the first, second, third and fourth threshold values to judge to see if the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 is higher or not higher than the various threshold values and then outputs the results of judgment to the electric power generation instructing means 5 .
  • the combustion device 3 receives the residual fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell and combusts the residual fuel gas to raise the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 to a temperature at which the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 can efficiently produce a fuel gas (about 700° C.).
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 adjusts the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 so that the fuel gas can be supplied into the fuel cell 1 in an amount required to generate the electric power determined by the electric power generation instructing means 5 .
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 also changes the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 to adjust the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 is reduced to reduce the amount of the residual fuel gas to be supplied into the combustion device 3 and hence the amount of combustion in the combustion device 3 , causing the drop of the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 increases the amount of the electricity-generating material to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 to increase the amount of the residual fuel gas to be supplied into the combustion device 3 and hence the amount of combustion in the combustion device 3 , causing the rise of the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the algorithm through which the electric power generation instructing means 5 according to an embodiment of implementation of the present invention changes the generated electric power.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the electric power generated by the fuel cell electricity-generating device with the load power to be supplied (S 101 ). When the load power is greater than the electric power generated by the fuel cell electricity-generating device, the generated electric power is then raised at an upper limit of rate at which the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material can be raised without breaking the temperature balance of the fuel processor 2 (about 20 minutes are required to reach from 50% of rated output to rated output) (S 102 ). When the rated output of the fuel cell electricity-generating device is 1 kW, the electric power is raised at a rate of 100 W per 4 minutes.
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 increases the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material at a rate that the amount corresponding to 100 W is increased per 4 minutes so as to supply the electricity-generating material in an amount required to generate the desired electric power.
  • first and second power limitation modes described later are executed, the power limitation mode which is executed at the same time during this process is released.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 with a first threshold temperature (about 780° C.) calculated from the temperature (about 800° C.) at which the catalyst of the fuel producing means is deteriorated taking into account safety (about 20° C.) (S 103 ). If the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is higher than the first threshold temperature (about 780° C.), the electric power generation instructing means 5 prevents the decrease of the generated electric power in the first power limitation mode (S 104 ). At the same time, the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 decreases the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material at a rate that the amount corresponding to 100 W is reduced per 4 minutes.
  • a first threshold temperature about 780° C.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 with a second threshold temperature (about 770° C.) (S 105 ). If the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is not higher than the second threshold temperature (about 770° C.), the first power limitation mode is released (S 106 ). On the other hand, if the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is higher than the second threshold temperature (about 770° C.) in S 105 , the first power limitation mode is not released even if the first power limitation mode has been already executed.
  • the second threshold temperature is determined taking into account the rate of change of temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 so that the execution/release of the first power limitation mode doesn't occur little by little but may be normally predetermined to be about 10° C. lower than the first threshold temperature.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 with a third threshold temperature (about 760° C.) (S 107 ) If the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is higher than the third threshold temperature (about 760° C.), the electric power generation instructing means 5 decreases, as the second power limitation mode, the electric power at a rate that the 100 W is decreased per 4 minutes which is the same as the rate at which the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 decreases the amount of the electricity-generating material (S 108 ).
  • the third threshold temperature may be predetermined to be about 20° C. lower than the first threshold temperature to make clear that the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is sufficiently lower than the first threshold temperature.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 with a fourth threshold temperature (about 750° C.) (S 109 ). If the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is not higher than the fourth threshold temperature (about 750° C.), the second power limitation mode is released and the electric power generation instructing means 5 immediately causes the generated electric power to coincide with the load power (S 110 ). On the other hand, if the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is higher than the fourth threshold temperature (about 750° C.) in S 109 , the second power limitation mode is not released even if the second power limitation mode has been already executed.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 decreases the generated electric power at the same rate as the rate at which the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material is decreased, making it possible to prevent abnormal rise of the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 prevents the decrease of the generated electric power, making it possible to prevent the fuel processor 2 from rising in temperature to destruction and hence unnecessary suspension of operation of the fuel cell electricity-generating device or deterioration of durability of the fuel processor 2 and even damage of the fuel processor 2 .
  • each of the power limitation modes are then released, making it possible to effect generation of electricity depending on the load power and hence at a high efficiency when the temperature of the fuel processor is normal.
  • FIG. 5 The configuration of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of implementation of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5 . Where the parts are the same as those of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment, the same numbers are used and their detailed description are omitted.
  • the fuel cell electricity-generating device has a fuel cell 1 of generating electricity with a fuel gas and an oxidizer, a fuel processor 2 of producing a fuel rich in hydrogen from an electricity-generating material comprising water incorporated in a natural gas or the like, a combustion device 3 of combusting a residual fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 , a blower 4 of supplying air into the fuel cell 1 as an oxidizer, an electric power generation instructing means 5 of adjusting the electric power generated by the fuel cell 1 , an electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 of adjusting the amount of electricity-generating material and water to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 , a temperature sensing means 7 of sensing the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 and a temperature comparing means 10 of comparing the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 with first and second threshold values described later, respectively, to judge to see if the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 is higher or not higher than the various threshold values.
  • the configuration of the fuel cell 1 , the fuel processor 2 , the combustion device 3 , the blower 4 , the electric power generation instructing means 5 and the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 are the same as that of the second embodiment and their description will be omitted.
  • the third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that only the first power limitation mode is executed but the second power limitation mode is not executed.
  • the temperature sensing means 7 detects the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
  • the temperature comparing means 10 compares the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 with first and second threshold temperatures described later to judge to see if the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 is higher than or not higher than the various threshold temperatures and then outputs the results of judgment to the electric power generation instructing means 5 .
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the algorithm through which the electric power generation instructing means 5 according to an embodiment of implementation of the present invention changes the generated electric power.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the electric power generated by the fuel cell electricity-generating device with the load power to be supplied (S 201 ). When the load power is greater than the electric power generated by the fuel cell electricity-generating device, the generated electric power is then raised at an upper limit of rate at which the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material can be raised without breaking the temperature balance of the fuel processor 2 (about 20 minutes are required to reach from 50% of rated output to rated output) (S 202 ). When the rated output of the fuel cell electricity-generating device is 1 kW, the electric power is raised at a rate of 100 W per 4 minutes.
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 increases the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material at a rate that the amount corresponding to 100 W is increased per 4 minutes so as to supply the electricity-generating material in an amount required to generate the desired electric power.
  • the power limitation mode which is executed is released at the same time during this process.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 with a first threshold temperature (about 780° C.) calculated from the temperature (about 800° C.) at which the catalyst of the fuel producing means is deteriorated taking into account safety (about 20° C.) (S 203 ). If the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is higher than the first threshold temperature (about 780° C.), the electric power generation instructing means 5 prevents the decrease of the generated electric power in the first power limitation mode (S 204 ). At the same time, the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 decreases the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material at a rate that the amount corresponding to 100 W is decreased per 4 minutes.
  • a first threshold temperature about 780° C.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 with the second threshold temperature (about 770° C.) (S 205 ). If the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is not higher than the second threshold temperature (about 770° C.), the first power limitation mode is released (S 206 ). The electric power generation instructing means 5 immediately causes the generated electric power to coincide with the load power (S 210 ).
  • the first power limitation mode is not released even if the first power limitation mode has been already executed (S 204 )
  • the second threshold temperature is determined taking into account the rate of change of temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 so that the execution/release of the first power limitation mode doesn't occur little by little but may be normally predetermined to be about 10° C. lower than the first threshold temperature.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 prevents the decrease of the generated electric power, making it possible to prevent the fuel processor 2 from rising in temperature to destruction and hence unnecessary suspension of operation of the fuel cell electricity-generating device or deterioration of durability of the fuel processor 2 and even damage of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the first power limitation mode is released, making it possible to effect generation of electricity depending on the load power and hence at a high efficiency when the temperature of the fuel processor is normal.
  • FIG. 7 The configuration of the fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment of implementation of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7 . Where the parts are the same as those of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment, the same numbers are used and their detailed description are omitted.
  • the fuel cell electricity-generating device has a fuel cell 1 of generating electricity with a fuel gas and an oxidizer, a fuel processor 2 of producing a fuel rich in hydrogen from an electricity-generating material comprising water incorporated in a natural gas or the like, a combustion device 3 of combusting a residual fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 , a blower 4 of supplying air into the fuel cell 1 as an oxidizer, an electric power generation instructing means 5 of adjusting the electric power generated by the fuel cell 1 , an electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 of adjusting the amount of electricity-generating material and water to be supplied into the fuel processor 2 , a temperature sensing means 7 of sensing the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 and a temperature comparing means 11 of comparing the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 with third and fourth threshold values described later, respectively, to judge to see if the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 is higher or not higher than the various threshold values.
  • the configuration of the fuel cell 1 , the fuel processor 2 , the combustion device 3 , the blower 4 , the electric power generation instructing means 5 and the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 are the same as that of the second embodiment and their description will be omitted.
  • the fourth embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that only the second power limitation mode is executed but the first power limitation mode is not executed.
  • the temperature sensing means 7 detects the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the temperature comparing means 11 compares the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 with third and fourth threshold temperatures described later to judge to see if the temperature detected by the temperature sensing means 7 is higher than or not higher than the various threshold temperatures and then outputs the results of judgment to the electric power generation instructing means 5 .
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating the algorithm through which the electric power generation instructing means 5 according to an embodiment of implementation of the present invention changes the generated electric power.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the electric power generated by the fuel cell electricity-generating device with the load power to be supplied (S 301 ). When the load power is greater than the electric power generated by the fuel cell electricity-generating device, the generated electric power is then raised at an upper limit of rate at which the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material can be raised without breaking the temperature balance of the fuel processor 2 (about 20 minutes are required to reach from 50% of rated output to rated output) (S 302 ). When the rated output of the fuel cell electricity-generating device is 1 kW, the electric power is raised at a rate of 100 W per 4 minutes.
  • the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 increases the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material at a rate that the amount corresponding to 100 W is increased per 4 minutes so as to supply the electricity-generating material in an amount required to generate the desired electric power.
  • the power limitation mode which is executed is released at the same time during this process.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 with the third threshold temperature (about 760° C.) (S 307 ) If the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is higher than the third threshold temperature (about 760° C.), the electric power generation instructing means 5 decreases the generated electric power at a rate of 100 W per 4 minutes, which is the same as the rate at which the electricity-generating material adjusting device 6 decreases the amount of the electricity-generating material, in the second power limitation mode (S 308 ).
  • the third threshold temperature may be predetermined to be about 20° C. lower than 780° C. so that the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is sufficiently lower than the temperature (about 780° C.) calculated from the temperature (about 800° C.) at which the catalyst of the fuel producing means is deteriorated taking into account safety (about 20° C.).
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 compares the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 with the fourth threshold temperature (about 750° C.) (S 309 ). If the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is not higher than the fourth threshold temperature (about 750° C.), the second power limitation mode is released and the electric power generation instructing means 5 immediately causes the generated electric power to coincide with the load power (S 310 ). On the other hand, if the temperature of the fuel producing means of the fuel processor 2 is higher than the fourth threshold temperature (about 750° C.) in S 309 , the second power limitation mode is not released even if the second power limitation mode has been already executed.
  • the electric power generation instructing means 5 decreases the generated electric power at the same rate as the rate at which the supplied amount of the electricity-generating material is decreased, making it possible to prevent abnormal rise of the temperature of the fuel processor 2 .
  • the second power limitation mode is then released, making it possible to effect generation of electricity depending on the load power and hence at a high efficiency when the temperature of the fuel processor is normal.
  • the same effect as exerted in the second embodiment can be exerted even if the first power limitation mode is not executed but only the second power limitation mode is executed.
  • the rate at which the electric power generation instructing means 5 raises the electric power is 100 W per 4 minutes
  • this rate should be changed if the configuration and heat capacity of the fuel processor vary, but such other cases still fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • the rate at which the electric power generation instructing means 5 raises the generated electric power depends on the configuration of the fuel processor 2 but may be such that the carbon oxide removing means constituting the fuel processor 2 falls within the range of appropriate temperatures.
  • the temperature of the carbon oxide removing means falls within the range of appropriate temperature, causing the content of carbon monoxide in the output of the carbon oxide removing means to fall below an appropriate amount.
  • the rate at which the electric power generation instructing means 5 raises the generated electric power may be such that the content of carbon monoxide in the output of the carbon oxide removing means is not higher than an appropriate value.
  • the rate may be such that the content of carbon monoxide in the output of the carbon oxide removing means is not higher than 20 ppm.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto if other catalysts are used in the fuel processor. Further, if the heat capacity of the fuel processor is great, it is appropriate that the temperature of the fuel processor is predetermined higher. On the contrary, if the heat capacity of the fuel processor is small, it is appropriate that the temperature of the fuel processor is predetermined lower. Even such cases fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention can provide a stable high reliability fuel cell electricity-generating device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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US10/500,274 2002-05-15 2003-05-14 Fuel cell power generation system Abandoned US20050153182A1 (en)

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US12/484,386 US8012640B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2009-06-15 Method for operating fuel-cell electricity-generating device
US13/192,917 US8263281B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2011-07-28 Method for operating fuel-cell electricity-generating device

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JP2002-140567 2002-05-15
JP2002140567 2002-05-15
PCT/JP2003/005983 WO2003105261A1 (ja) 2002-05-15 2003-05-14 燃料電池発電装置

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US12/484,386 Expired - Fee Related US8012640B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2009-06-15 Method for operating fuel-cell electricity-generating device
US13/192,917 Expired - Fee Related US8263281B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2011-07-28 Method for operating fuel-cell electricity-generating device

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JP (1) JP4533743B2 (ja)
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JP5391976B2 (ja) * 2009-09-30 2014-01-15 Ｔｏｔｏ株式会社 固体電解質型燃料電池
CN108475799B (zh) * 2015-12-15 2021-07-09 日产自动车株式会社 燃料电池系统以及燃料电池系统的控制方法
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WO2003105261A1 (ja) 2003-12-18
KR20040105697A (ko) 2004-12-16
JPWO2003105261A1 (ja) 2005-10-13
CN1602561A (zh) 2005-03-30
EP1505677A1 (en) 2005-02-09
EP1505677B1 (en) 2012-01-11
US20090253004A1 (en) 2009-10-08
JP4533743B2 (ja) 2010-09-01
US8012640B2 (en) 2011-09-06
US20110300459A1 (en) 2011-12-08
EP1505677A4 (en) 2007-11-28
US8263281B2 (en) 2012-09-11
CN1310365C (zh) 2007-04-11

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