US20050072958A1 - Oxygen scavenger for low moisture environment and methods of using the same - Google Patents

Oxygen scavenger for low moisture environment and methods of using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050072958A1
US20050072958A1 US10/677,582 US67758203A US2005072958A1 US 20050072958 A1 US20050072958 A1 US 20050072958A1 US 67758203 A US67758203 A US 67758203A US 2005072958 A1 US2005072958 A1 US 2005072958A1
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Prior art keywords
oxygen
composition
salt
water
moisture
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Abandoned
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US10/677,582
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English (en)
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Thomas Powers
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Multisorb Technologies Inc
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Individual
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Priority to US10/677,582 priority Critical patent/US20050072958A1/en
Assigned to MULTISORB TECHNOLOGIES, INC. reassignment MULTISORB TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: POWERS, THOMAS
Priority to PCT/US2004/015823 priority patent/WO2005040304A1/en
Priority to EP04752777.5A priority patent/EP1689826B1/de
Priority to CA2540554A priority patent/CA2540554C/en
Publication of US20050072958A1 publication Critical patent/US20050072958A1/en
Priority to IL174207A priority patent/IL174207A/en
Assigned to MULTISORB TECHNOLOGIES, INC. reassignment MULTISORB TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: POWERS, THOMAS H.
Priority to US11/688,047 priority patent/US8029842B2/en
Priority to IL211336A priority patent/IL211336A/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/02—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/3409—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A23L3/3418—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
    • A23L3/3427—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O in which an absorbent is placed or used
    • A23L3/3436—Oxygen absorbent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to oxygen-absorbents, and more specifically to oxygen-absorbing compositions, devices, and methods of storage for low-moisture environments.
  • oxygen absorbing packages into the product package to protect against spoilage, loss of potency, or other loss of value due to oxidation of the product.
  • packages themselves contain oxygen absorbers, or scavengers, and are added into or constructed into sealed packages.
  • the sealed containers having the oxygen scavenging packages within them have been used to lengthen shelf-life of many products. Some examples of this include preserving oils from rancidity, foods from developing mold and bacteria growth, pharmaceuticals from loss of potency, sensitive diagnostic products from oxidation, electronics from corrosion and archives and artifacts from yellowing and embrittlement.
  • the typical oxygen absorber depends upon oxidation of iron or similar metal to reduce oxygen.
  • Other techniques include the use of chemical or biochemical methods but these are typically limited in application by relatively low capacity, low rate of reaction, and higher cost.
  • An improved oxygen-absorbing composition or system would allow for oxygen scavenging in a relatively low moisture environment.
  • the present invention provides oxygen-absorbing compositions, devices, and methods for oxygen scavenging in a low moisture environment.
  • the present invention provides an oxygen absorbing composition comprising at least one oxygen reducing agent, water, a carrier, an electrolyte salt(s), and a humectant salt(s), which may be the same as the electrolyte salt, present in an amount sufficient to reduce the water activity of the composition to below 0.6.
  • the present invention includes as one embodiment an oxygen scavenging composition
  • an oxygen scavenging composition comprising 30-70 wt % electrolytic iron, 10-40 wt % carrier (or stabilizer), 10-20 wt % water, 1-10 wt % sodium chloride, and 1-30 wt % humectant salt.
  • a more preferred embodiment is an oxygen scavenging composition comprising 30-55 wt % electrolytic iron, 25-37 wt % silica gel, 10-15 wt % water, 3-6 wt % sodium chloride, and 3-6 wt % humectant salt.
  • the present invention also includes a device for scavenging oxygen within a low-moisture container, the device comprising an oxygen absorbing composition comprised of an oxygen reducing agent, water, a carrier, an electrolyte salt, and a humectant salt, which may be the same as the electrolyte salt, present in an amount sufficient to reduce the water activity of the composition to below 0.6; and a barrier to enclose the oxygen absorbing composition and retain the oxygen absorbing composition within the low-moisture container.
  • the barrier allows the passage of oxygen to the composition and limits (or retards) the escape of moisture out of the composition. When the moisture does equilibrate, the ERH of the container will not exceed the ERH of the oxygen scavenging composition itself.
  • the method comprises placing a moisture-sensitive, oxygen-sensitive substance into an oxygen-permeable container having an environment with an equilibrium relative humidity of less than 50%; and disposing an oxygen-scavenging composition within the oxygen-permeable container, the oxygen-scavenging composition disposed within an oxygen-permeable barrier and having a water activity less than 0.60.
  • the FIGURE illustrates a device containing the composition of the present invention to reduce oxygen content within a container housing a dosage form pharmaceutical.
  • the present invention provides compositions, devices, and methods for storing moisture-sensitive, oxygen-sensitive substances in a low-moisture, low-oxygen environment.
  • a container 100 housing a pharmaceutical product, in this case capsules 110 .
  • Typical such containers would be made from any of a number of materials, including polyethylene (both HDPE and LDPE), polypropylene, polystyrene, and polycarbonate.
  • the container allows some oxygen to enter the space surrounding pharmaceutical capsules 110 , despite being made of a material which generally resists oxygen passage. In such a case, the oxygen which does manage to pass through the container wall must be absorbed in order to prolong the useful life of pharmaceutical capsules 110 .
  • the FIGURE also shows the presence of one embodiment of the present invention, namely sachet 120 which contains oxygen absorbing composition 130 .
  • the barrier e.g. sachet
  • the barrier is made of a material (described in more detail below) which allows oxygen to pass through but limits water passage.
  • This oxygen permeability and water (non)permeability are also defined in more detail below.
  • the oxygen absorbing composition needs a certain level of moisture to adequately absorb oxygen, yet humid environments are undesirable from the standpoint of the stored product (in this case capsules 110 ).
  • the present invention thus has adequate water present in the sachet, which water is generally restricted from leaving the sachet.
  • oxygen enters the dry container environment passes through the barrier material into the sachet interior and is absorbed within the oxygen scavenging composition, all while water presence is generally limited to within the sachet. It is this control of water activity between the container environment and sachet environment which forms part of the invention in conjunction with appropriate oxygen scavengers (described in more detail below).
  • Water activity typically represented by the variable, A w , is an indicator of the free moisture content of a substance, but is not simply the percent weight of water within a substance. Often, the total moisture content of a substance is defined as the percentage weight of water in relation to the dry weight of the substance. This number is also different than the water activity value.
  • ERH equilibrium relative humidity
  • the active part of moisture content and, therefore, water activity provides better information than the total moisture content regarding the micro-biological, chemical and enzymatic stability of perishable products such as food or pharmaceuticals.
  • Water activity can also be directly compared with the relative humidity of the ambient air to prevent dimensional changes in a product such as paper or photographic film, and to prevent hygroscopic powders (powdered sugar, salt) from caking or turning into a solid block.
  • the present invention solves this problem by utilizing an effective oxygen absorbing composition which has a self-contained and limited water supply so that the composition can work in a relatively low moisture environment.
  • the composition itself is contained within a package material that has barrier properties to maintain the relatively low moisture environment outside of the package.
  • the present invention provides a system where the oxygen scavenging package material holds the necessary moisture within the package to support the oxygen scavenging reaction while maintaining a relative humidity outside the package (but within the container, in other words the environment outside the oxygen scavenging package but inside the product container, such as a pill bottle) at less than the A w of the oxygen absorbing formula and below the level at which detrimental effects of moisture would impact the container's contents (e.g. a pharmaceutical). More specifically, a product which is otherwise stable at ⁇ 60% relative humidity can be protected from oxidation by this oxygen absorber.
  • the combination of a scavenging agent and electrolyte with water in a suitable carrier has been known as an oxygen absorbing composition.
  • the present invention also contains a humectant salt, which is used to bind moisture within the oxygen absorbing composition such that water activity of the composition remains high relative to the ERH of the environment outside of the package which surrounds the stored product (e.g. pharmaceutical or food). It is noted that over enough time (typically several months or years) a steady state condition will be reached. By steady state, it is meant that eventually the water activity inside the package will essentially equilibrate with the relative humidity outside of the package, and although oxygen absorption will still occur within the package, moisture content within the container will have effectively risen to detrimental levels, given enough time.
  • the important aspect of the present invention is that early in the term of storage (early part of the shelf-life), the oxygen absorption is occurring readily in a low moisture container. This is especially beneficial in the first few weeks of storage as this is the time when a relatively high amount of oxygen is present within the container as a result of typical packaging conditions.
  • oxygen is quickly removed from the container's inner environment, despite there being a very dry environment within the container.
  • dry environments meant poor oxygen absorption.
  • Typical reducing agents used with the present invention include iron, copper, zinc, sulfides, sulfites, ascorbic acid, salts of ascorbic acid, chlorine, iodine, bromine, carotenoids, tocopherol, polyphenols, and combinations thereof.
  • iron and in particular a 200 mesh electrolytic iron powder.
  • Carriers used with the present invention include silica (and silica gel), clay, cellulose, natural and synthetic silicates, a gelling agent, and combinations thereof.
  • Humectant salts used with the present invention include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, iodides, carbonates, sulfate salts, and combinations thereof. Preferred among these are sodium chloride and calcium chloride.
  • the package material should have limited water permeability but relatively high oxygen permeability.
  • limited water permeability it is meant that the escape of water from the package be adequately limited or retarded so that adequate moisture is present within the package to support oxygen absorption.
  • the barrier will work in accordance with the present invention.
  • Such materials can be quantitatively defined as any which has a vapor transmission rate preferably no greater than 0.5 g/100 in 2 /day at 100° F., 90% RH, and more preferably no greater than 0.1 g/100 in 2 /day at 100° F., 90% RH.
  • oxygen transmission rate should be at least 20 cc/100 in 2 /day at 73° F. 50% RH, and preferably greater than 50 cc/100 in 2 /day at 73° F. 50% RH.
  • Preferred among these materials are laminated films or film and paper composite structures. More preferred are laminates of water-oil-grease resistant paper and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) film. Included among preferred embodiments are linear low density polyethylene films laminated to an Aclar film (Aclar is a fluorine-containing plastic in sheet form and is a trademark of Honeywell International Inc.). In such a film, the LLDPE acts as both the seal and semi-permeable layer. Generally, however, appropriate barrier materials would include materials comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, nylon, ionomer, and laminated combinations thereof, so long as they exhibit the permeabilities defined above.
  • the barrier itself could take many forms, including sachets, canisters, capsules, self-adhesive laminates, and labels.
  • the self-adhesive laminate could be used in a variety of applications, including as a backing layer for a blister-pack application or as a label for a food or pharmaceutical package.
  • the present invention includes the use of a device for scavenging oxygen within a low-moisture container.
  • the device is comprised of an oxygen absorbing composition and a barrier to enclose the oxygen absorbing composition and retain the oxygen absorbing composition within the low-moisture container.
  • the oxygen composition comprises at least one oxygen reducing agent, water, a carrier, an electrolyte salt, and a humectant salt, which may be the same as the electrolyte salt, present in an amount sufficient to reduce the water activity of the composition to below 0.6.
  • the barrier is selected such that it allows the passage of oxygen to the composition and limits the escape of moisture out of the composition.
  • the method comprises the steps of: (a) dissolving an electrolyte salt and a humectant salt in water, wherein the humectant salt may be the same as the electrolyte salt, and wherein the humectant salt and electrolyte salt are present in sufficient amount to reduce the water activity of the composition to below 0.6; (b) mixing the solution of step (a) with a carrier; (c) blending the mixture of step (b) with at least one reducing agent; and (d) placing the blend of step (c) within a barrier, the barrier allowing the passage of oxygen to the blend and limiting the escape of moisture away from the blend.
  • the components used in this method are as defined above.
  • the present invention also includes a method of storing moisture-sensitive, oxygen-sensitive substances in a low-moisture, low-oxygen environment.
  • the method comprises the steps of placing a moisture-sensitive, oxygen-sensitive substance into an oxygen-permeable container having an environment with an equilibrium relative humidity of less than 50%; and disposing an oxygen-scavenging composition within said oxygen-permeable container, said oxygen-scavenging composition disposed within an oxygen-permeable barrier and having a water activity less than 0.60.
  • the components used in this method are as defined above.
  • An oxygen-absorbing blend was prepared by combining 20 grams (g) sodium chloride (NaCl), 10 g ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O 6 ), and 10 g sodium ascorbate (Na—C 6 H 7 O 6 ) with 60 g of water. This mixture was combined 45/55 with silica gel. The blend was found to have an ERH of 59%. Seventy-five one hundredths of a gram (0.75 g) of this blend was mixed with 0.75 g of 200 mesh electrolytic iron and sealed within a semipermeable sachet.
  • the sachet was placed within a high barrier test container with a measured amount of air and was found to absorb over 200 cc of oxygen in 60 days in a dry atmosphere. During this time the ERH within the test container did not exceed 51%.
  • An oxygen absorbing blend was prepared by combining 10 g sodium chloride and 20 g calcium chloride with 70 g of water. This mixture was combined 45/55 with silica gel. The blend was found to have an ERH of 48.3%.
  • the sachet was a laminate of water-oil-grease resistant paper and a linear low density polyethylene film.
  • the film had a water vapor transfer rate of 0.456 g/100 in 2 /day @1100° F., 90% r.h. and an oxygen transfer rate of 61.8 cc/100 in 2 /day @ 73° F., 50% r.h.
  • the sachet was placed within a high barrier test container with 500 cc of air and was found to absorb over 37 cc of oxygen in 66 days in a dry atmosphere.
  • An oxygen absorbing blend was prepared by combining 10.4 g sodium chloride, 20.8 g calcium chloride, and 68.8 g of water. This mixture was combined 45/55 with silica gel.
  • 1.2 g of this blend was mixed with 1.2 g of 200 mesh electrolytic iron, combined with 0.1 g of a 50% dispersion of a binder (polyvinyl pyrollidone) and sealed within a semipermeable canister.
  • the canister was constructed of a cylindrical polyethylene body and a film end material. The end material had a water vapor transfer rate of 0.008 g/100 in 2 /day and an oxygen transfer rate of 45 cc/100 in 2 /day @ 73° F., 50% r.h.
  • the canister was placed within a high barrier test container with a measured amount of air and was found to absorb oxygen at the rate of 0.85 cc/day. During this time the ERH within the test container did not exceed 56.9%. The same formulation ceased to absorb after 13 days in a permeable sachet.
  • An oxygen absorbing blend was prepared by combining 10 g sodium chloride, 40 g potassium iodide, and 50 g of water. This mixture was combined 45/55 with silica gel. The blend was found to have an ERH of 43.8%.
  • the sachet was a laminate of water-oil-grease resistant paper and a linear low density polyethylene film.
  • the film had a water vapor transfer rate of 0.456 g/100 in 2 /day @1100° F., 90% r.h. and an oxygen transfer rate of 61.8 cc/100 in 2 /day @ 73° F., 50% r.h.
  • the sachet was placed within a high barrier test container with a measured amount of air and was found to absorb over 97 cc of oxygen in 52 days in a dry atmosphere.
  • the electrolytic iron was 200 mesh in each case.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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US10/677,582 2003-10-02 2003-10-02 Oxygen scavenger for low moisture environment and methods of using the same Abandoned US20050072958A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/677,582 US20050072958A1 (en) 2003-10-02 2003-10-02 Oxygen scavenger for low moisture environment and methods of using the same
PCT/US2004/015823 WO2005040304A1 (en) 2003-10-02 2004-05-19 Oxygen scavenger for low moisture environment and methods of using the same
EP04752777.5A EP1689826B1 (de) 2003-10-02 2004-05-19 Sauerstoffänger für niederfeuchtes umfeld und anwendungen
CA2540554A CA2540554C (en) 2003-10-02 2004-05-19 Oxygen scavenger for low moisture environment and methods of using the same
IL174207A IL174207A (en) 2003-10-02 2006-03-09 Oxygen scavenger for low moisture environment
US11/688,047 US8029842B2 (en) 2003-10-02 2007-03-19 Low water activity oxygen scavenger and methods of using
IL211336A IL211336A (en) 2003-10-02 2011-02-21 Method of making an oxygen scavenger composition for low moisture environment and methods of using the same

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EP (1) EP1689826B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2540554C (de)
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Cited By (13)

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US20060076536A1 (en) * 2004-09-29 2006-04-13 Barshied Scott R Oxygen scavenging pharmaceutical package and methods for making same
US20070164254A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2007-07-19 Multisorb Technologies, Inc. Low water activity oxygen scavenger and methods of using
AU2005304895B2 (en) * 2004-11-09 2009-02-05 Multisorb Technologies, Inc. Humidity control device
US20090061057A1 (en) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Cryovac, Inc. Multilayer Film Having an Active Oxygen Barrier Layer With Radiation Enhanced Active Barrier Properties
US20090061061A1 (en) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Cryovac, Inc. Multilayer Film Having Passive and Active Oxygen Barrier Layers
US20100242725A1 (en) * 2009-03-26 2010-09-30 Marcus Dukes Oxygen scavenger and a method for scavenging oxygen
WO2011156704A2 (en) 2010-06-10 2011-12-15 Multisorb Technologies, Inc. Chabazite and clinoptilolite in oxygen absorbers
WO2011142890A3 (en) * 2010-05-12 2012-02-23 Multisorb Technologies, Inc. Controlled release of water to an oxygen scavenger
US8226850B1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2012-07-24 Clemson University Research Foundation Thermally enhanced oxygen scavengers including a transition metal and a free radical scavenger
CN104098087A (zh) * 2014-06-17 2014-10-15 华南理工大学 一种金属/茶多酚作为还原剂还原氧化石墨烯的方法
US9333288B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2016-05-10 Becton Dickinson France, S.A.S. Attachable plunger rod and associated packaging
US9656016B2 (en) 2014-01-29 2017-05-23 Beckton, Dickinson And Company Syringe packaging system including oxygen absorber
CN113926438A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-14 干霸干燥剂(深圳)有限公司 一种显色指示型高吸湿凝胶干燥剂及其制备方法

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WO2008135570A1 (en) 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Airsec Container with moisture control capacity
EP3578169A1 (de) 2009-02-26 2019-12-11 Glaxo Group Limited Pharmazeutische formulierungen enthaltend 4-{(1 r)-2-[(6-{2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]ethoxy}hexyl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl}-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
GB0921075D0 (en) 2009-12-01 2010-01-13 Glaxo Group Ltd Novel combination of the therapeutic agents
US20170028382A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2017-02-02 Multisorb Technologies, Inc. Oxygen Absorber
US20200123352A1 (en) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Food Industry Research And Development Institute Oxygen scavenging formulation and method of scavenging oxygen
EP4192909A1 (de) 2020-08-07 2023-06-14 Basf Se Verbesserte sauerstoffbarriere von 1,4-butandiolhaltigen polymeren

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