US20050061495A1 - Microstructured apparatus for heating a fluid - Google Patents

Microstructured apparatus for heating a fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050061495A1
US20050061495A1 US10/987,684 US98768404A US2005061495A1 US 20050061495 A1 US20050061495 A1 US 20050061495A1 US 98768404 A US98768404 A US 98768404A US 2005061495 A1 US2005061495 A1 US 2005061495A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
microstructure
microstructure apparatus
fluid
outer tube
inner body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/987,684
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English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Schubert
Jurgen Brandner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Assigned to FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM KARLSRUHE GMBH reassignment FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM KARLSRUHE GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRADNER, JURGEN, SCHUBERT, KLAUS
Publication of US20050061495A1 publication Critical patent/US20050061495A1/en
Priority to US11/999,973 priority Critical patent/US7756404B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/026—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled and formed by bent members, e.g. plates, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2230/00—Sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
    • F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microstructure apparatus for heating a fluid, comprising an inner tube surrounded by an outer tube and a microstructure formed at the interface between the inner and the outer tubes.
  • Microstructure apparatus for heating fluids are used particularly for a position-independent condensation-free evaporation of liquids and for continuous flow heating particularly of gases.
  • Preferred areas of utilization are chemical or pharmaceutical processes and generally the chemical engineering field.
  • micro-structure apparatus have the advantage that, because of the principally smaller dimensions, the heat transfer paths are short and a large specific heat transfer surface can be provided such that the volume-based heat transfer can be relatively high.
  • DE 199 17 521 A1 discloses such a microstructure apparatus including direct and indirect electrical resistance heaters for heating fluids.
  • the microstructure apparatus comprises layers including microwave channels for the passage of a fluid to be heated and layers including electrical heaters.
  • a volume-specific increase of the heat transfer of at least the factor 100 is mentioned.
  • the proposed inner structured apparatus however requires several heating elements with dimensions in the micro-range. For designing the microstructure apparatus for larger fluid flows a number of such heating elements are required and that number increases with the flow volume for added capacity. This is necessary particularly if the volume-specific heat transfer capacity of the microstructure apparatus must not be reduced.
  • circumferential micro-passages are formed into the inner surface of the outer tube or the outer surface of the inner body so as to form flow passages which is provided with inlet and outlet structures and healing means are incorporated into the inner body for heating the fluid conducted through the microstructure flow passages.
  • a relatively large or macroscopic heating element is used which has operational advantages in comparison with several micro-heating elements, such as comparatively simple handling and low cost and also use advantages, in combination with a microstructure with its advantage of high efficiency in the transfer of heat to a fluid as pointed out earlier.
  • the materials of which the microstucture apparatus is manufactured are determined mainly by the application for the apparatus. Basically any materials such as ceramics or other inorganic, non-metallic materials, metals, plastics or combinations or compounds of these materials are suitable.
  • FIGS. 1 a , 1 b , and 1 c are cross-sectional views of different embodiments of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment with fluid inlet and outlet connections arranged centrally opposite each other, and
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment with three intermediate tubes disposed between inner and outer tubes.
  • the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 1 a comprises an inner tube 1 or another body with a preferably cylindrical outer surface, an outer tube 2 concentrically surrounding the inner tube 1 and having an inner surface in tight engagement with the inner tube 1 .
  • Inlet and outlet connectors 4 for a fluid are provided near the ends of the outer tube 2 and a microstructure 5 is formed in the interface area between the inner and outer tubes providing a volume in the form of a spiral passage extending between the fluid inlet and outlet connectors 4 .
  • the microstructure is essentially encased between the inner and the outer tubes wherein, ideally, the inner and outer tubes are in sealing engagement at the contact areas.
  • the microstructure 5 is in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 a in the form of an internal thread formed into the inner surface of the outer tube 2 wherein the tread course forms a channel interconnecting the two fluid inlet and outlet connectors 4 .
  • the remaining areas of the cylindrical inner surface of the outer tube 2 with a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the inner tube 1 should sealingly engage the outer surface of the inner tube 1 .
  • the seal connections 3 between the inner and the outer tubes 1 and 2 are chemically, mechanically and thermally resistant ring seals disposed at the opposite ends of the outer tube 2 . End covers may be provided to retain the seal rings or the tubes may be formed in these areas for example with cylindrical or conical fittings to hold the seal rings in place. Also, cement or solder connections may be provided for that purpose.
  • the inner tube 1 which is shown in all figures to be longer than the outer tube 2 extends at both ends from the outer tube 2 , although this not necessary. This is also true for a body with a cylindrical outer surface which may be used in place of an inner tube 1 as mentioned earlier.
  • the inner tube or such inner body is in all the embodiments directly or indirectly part of a heating structure.
  • the tube or the body is an integral component of a heating device for example in the form of a resistance heating element.
  • the tube or the body is for example a heat conductor which conducts heat from a separate heater to the fluid to be heated.
  • These may be separate heaters arranged within the inner tube or adaptively connected to the body. As heaters, electric resistance heating elements are considered to be particularly suitable.
  • a heating medium may be conducted through the inner tube for heating the inner tube 1 .
  • FIG. 1 b shows a second embodiment which is different from the first embodiment ( FIG. 1 a ) only in that the microstructure 5 ′ is formed as an external thread into the outer surface of the inner tube 1 ′ (or an inner cylindrical body), wherein the outer tube 2 ′ has a smooth inner surface in contact with the inner tube 1 ′.
  • connectors 4 are installed in the outer tube 2 ′. In this case, care has to be taken upon installation that the connectors are accurately positioned so as to be in communication with the microstructure 5 ′. With an appropriate sizing of the fit between the inner and the outer tube 1 ′, 2 ′, the contact surfaces are sealed so that the seals 3 shown in FIG. 1 are not needed.
  • one of the two connections is formed by an open end of the thread-like microstructure passage 5 at one end of the outer tube 2 .
  • Such an embodiment could furthermore be used as continuous flow heater installed between two separate fluid volumes. Since, with such an arrangement, no fluid losses could occur by leakages, sealed connections between the inner and outer tubes would also not be necessary. Further uses for embodiments with the thread-like passages open at least at one end of the outer tube would be for example the atomizing of a liquid to a spray or an aerosol or in the gasification or vaporization of a liquid wherein the particular advantage of the microstructure apparatus resides in its particularly sensitive and accurately adjustable flow control capability.
  • FIG. 2 shows in cross-section another embodiment, which in its configuration—but not in its operation—is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 a .
  • this arrangement comprises essentially an inner tube 1 and an outer tube 2 with a microstructure 5 formed into the inner surface of the outer tube 2 and two connections 4 and again two seal structures 3 at the opposite ends of the outer tube 2 .
  • the two connections 4 are arranged opposite each other on the outer tube 2 , preferably displaced circumferentially by 180°, but arranged axially at the same location. They extend each to an axial groove 6 formed into the inner surface of the outer tube 2 which communicates with the circumferential passages 5 of the microstructure.
  • a fluid to be heated is introduced through one of the connections 4 to the respective axial groove 6 and from there is distributed to the parallel passages of the microstructure 5 ′′ and flow through these passages to the second opposite groove 6 and out through the second connector 4 .
  • one of the connections 4 and a groove 6 can be combined to a connection extending axially over the microstructure 5 .
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment of the microstructure apparatus is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • This embodiment is different from the other embodiments in that one or more intermediate tubes 7 are installed between the inner tube 1 (or cylindrical body) and the outer tube 2 . All the inner or, respectively, outer surfaces are fitted to the respective adjacent tube surfaces so as to be sealed therewith as in the preceding embodiments except for the cases mentioned above.
  • the microstructure apparatus includes for example three intermediate tubes 7 , each provided with a microstructure 5 forming at least one thread-like passage and each including an opening 8 extending through the wall of the intermediate tube 7 placing the thread-like passages of adjacent intermediate tubes and the outer or, respectively, inner tubes in communication with each other.
  • All the microstructure passages are arranged by the openings 8 fluidically in series providing for a microstructure flow chain through the apparatus.
  • the connections 4 ′′ shown in FIG. 3 are in communication with the respective ends of the flow chain wherein the preferred flow direction is from the outer to the inner microstructures, that is, counter to the temperature differential in the microstructure apparatus.
  • microstructure passages 5 or the microstructure flow chain may be accessed at any location by additional connections. In this way, fluid amounts with an intermediate temperature can be withdrawn or introduced. Applications for such arrangements are present particularly in chemical engineering, wherein certain reactants or catalysts for chemical reactions must be introduced within a narrow temperature range or small fluid amounts with a certain temperature or a temperature profile must be withdrawn for example for an analysis.
  • the microstructure apparatus may be conceived as a chemical micro-reactor.
  • one or more reaction chambers that is, one or more areas with increased volume of the passages may be provided in the microstructure or microstructure chain.
  • the manufacture of the whole microstructure apparatus or parts thereof for example the inner, the intermediate or the outer tube of a catalytic material or a coating of the microstructure 5 at the contact areas with the fluid is possible.
  • a further increase in the volume-specific heat transfer capability can be achieved by an increase in the volume-specific heat transfer area in the microstructure 5 , for example, by a porous coating or by roughening of the heat transfer surface areas.
  • the porous coating may also consist of a catalyst or the roughened heat transfer area may consist of a catalyst or be coated by a catalyst.
  • the heat transfer surfaces may be provided with a protection layer consisting for example of a chemically resistant plastic or metallic material or with a wear layer of a chemically or physically deposited metal, hard material or ceramic material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
US10/987,684 2002-07-26 2004-11-12 Microstructured apparatus for heating a fluid Abandoned US20050061495A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/999,973 US7756404B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-12-08 Microstructured apparatus for heating a fluid

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10234043A DE10234043A1 (de) 2002-07-26 2002-07-26 Mikrostrukturapparat zum Erhitzen eines Fluids
DE10234043.9 2002-07-26
PCT/EP2003/007954 WO2004013556A1 (de) 2002-07-26 2003-07-22 Mikrostrukturapparat zum erhitzen eines fluids

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2003/007954 Continuation-In-Part WO2004013556A1 (de) 2002-07-26 2003-07-22 Mikrostrukturapparat zum erhitzen eines fluids

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/999,973 Continuation-In-Part US7756404B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-12-08 Microstructured apparatus for heating a fluid

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US20050061495A1 true US20050061495A1 (en) 2005-03-24

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US10/987,684 Abandoned US20050061495A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2004-11-12 Microstructured apparatus for heating a fluid
US11/999,973 Active 2025-06-08 US7756404B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-12-08 Microstructured apparatus for heating a fluid

Family Applications After (1)

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US (2) US20050061495A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1525426B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE532022T1 (de)
DE (1) DE10234043A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2004013556A1 (de)

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US20180279645A1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-10-04 Ali Group S.R.L. - Carpigiani Machine for liquid or semi-liquid food products

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US20080268301A1 (en) * 2007-04-24 2008-10-30 Sung-Chul Lee Fuel reforming apparatus and its method of driving and fuel cell system including the apparatus
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WO2004013556A1 (de) 2004-02-12
US7756404B2 (en) 2010-07-13
EP1525426A1 (de) 2005-04-27
ATE532022T1 (de) 2011-11-15
EP1525426B1 (de) 2011-11-02
US20080089676A1 (en) 2008-04-17

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