US20040256922A1 - Device for supplying electric power to a superconductor - Google Patents

Device for supplying electric power to a superconductor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040256922A1
US20040256922A1 US10/846,361 US84636104A US2004256922A1 US 20040256922 A1 US20040256922 A1 US 20040256922A1 US 84636104 A US84636104 A US 84636104A US 2004256922 A1 US2004256922 A1 US 2004256922A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
transformer
winding
secondary winding
primary winding
superconductor
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Abandoned
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US10/846,361
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English (en)
Inventor
Florian Steinmeyer
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STEINMEYER, FLORIAN
Publication of US20040256922A1 publication Critical patent/US20040256922A1/en
Priority to US11/423,186 priority Critical patent/US7355307B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
    • H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
    • H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for supplying to electric power to a superconductor, in particular to a superconducting winding, which can be cooled to a predetermined temperature for achieving superconductivity.
  • a superconducting rotor with a superconducting winding for an electric motor is known, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,919 A.
  • the superconducting winding is cooled by a cooling system to a sufficiently low temperature, so that the coil becomes superconducting.
  • a high-temperature superconducting material HTSC
  • the coil can be cooled by a cooling system that employs the Gifford-McMahon cycle or the Stirling cycle process for cooling.
  • An AC current is supplied to the superconducting coil via brush rings.
  • the brushes can wear down which adversely affects the life expectancy of the motor, and the brush rings can introduce excessive heat into the cooled region.
  • the current is supplied through a current supply line that is cooled only by thermal conduction, approximately 45 W/kA are introduced into the cooled region at a temperature of between 20 K and 40 K. At least 27 W of thermal energy are introduced by the two required current supply lines at a typical operating current in the superconductor of, for example, 300 A. This approximately equals the total cooling power of a conventional high-efficiency Gifford-McMahon cooler (approximately 25 W at 20 K).
  • the operating temperature of the coil increases with the heat loss introduced by the current supply lines. This reduces the critical current of the superconductor and hence also the magnetic field strength attained by the coil. This limits the current that can be efficiently supplied to the motor and makes the operation of the motor less cost-effective.
  • the device described herein is designed to supply power to a superconductor, in particular a superconducting winding of an electric motor with a superconducting rotor.
  • At least one transformer is used to transmit energy between a source of electric energy and the superconductor.
  • the transformer transmits the electric energy to the superconductor without the use of brushes that can wear out.
  • the transformer(s) can also significantly reduce heat transfer into the cooled superconductor.
  • a device for supplying electric energy to at least one superconductor, wherein the superconductor is cooled in a cooled region to at least one predetermined temperature for achieving superconductivity includes at least one electric energy source and a transformer for transferring electric energy between the at least one energy source and the superconductor.
  • the transformer has a primary winding electrically connected with the energy source and a secondary winding electrically connected with the superconductor. At least the secondary winding of the transformer is arranged within the cooled region.
  • a device for supplying electric energy to at least one superconductor, wherein the superconductor is cooled in a cooled region to at least one predetermined temperature for achieving superconductivity includes at least one electric energy source and a first transformer and a second transformer. Each transformer has a primary winding and a secondary winding for transferring electric energy between the energy source and the superconductor.
  • the primary winding of the first transformer is electrically connected with the energy source and the secondary winding of the second transformer is electrically connected with the superconductor. At least the primary winding of the first transformer is arranged outside the cooled region.
  • the transformer or transformers transform an AC voltage applied to the primary winding into an AC voltage in the secondary winding.
  • the magnitude of the AC voltage in the secondary winding of the transformer or the second transformer can be smaller or greater than, or equal to, the magnitude of the AC voltage in the primary winding of the transformer.
  • the secondary winding of the transformer can rotate relative to the primary winding and particularly together with the superconductor.
  • the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer and also of the second transformer can be spaced apart by an air gap, or alternatively by a layer of an electrically insulating material arranged between the primary winding and the secondary winding.
  • the primary winding of the transformer can be arranged outside the cooled region.
  • the primary and/or secondary winding of the first transformer and/or of the second transformer can also be arranged outside the cooled region.
  • the primary winding and/or the secondary winding of the second transformer can also be arranged inside the cooled region.
  • the superconductor can rotate with respect to the motor stator.
  • the secondary winding of one of the first and second transformers can also rotate relative to the primary winding of that first or second transformer and also together with the superconductor.
  • At least one rectifier or MOSFET can be electrically connected before the superconductor.
  • the rectifier or MOSFET can be telemetrically controlled.
  • the transformer can be operated at high frequencies to increase its efficiency.
  • the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer and/or of the second transformer can be arranged axially side-by-side or radially stacked on top of one another.
  • the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer can be arranged at, on, or in a common magnetic flux-conducting body.
  • the primary winding of the transformer can be arranged at, on, or in a first magnetic flux-conducting body
  • the secondary winding of the transformer can be arranged at, on, or in a second separate magnetic flux-conducting body.
  • the primary winding and the secondary winding of at least one of the first and second transformers can be arranged at, on, or in a common magnetic flux-conducting body.
  • the primary winding and the secondary winding of the first transformer can be arranged at, on, or in a first magnetic flux-conducting body
  • the primary winding and the secondary winding of the second transformer can be arranged at, on, or in a second magnetic flux-conducting body.
  • a superconductor constructed in the manner described above can rotate and hence form a superconducting rotor coil in an electric motor.
  • the primary winding of the transformer can be stationary relative to the superconductor, while the secondary winding of the transformer can rotate together with the superconducting rotor coil.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a first embodiment of a synchronous motor with a superconducting rotor coil with two transformers
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a second embodiment of a synchronous motor with a superconducting rotor coil with two transformers
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of a third embodiment of a synchronous motor with a superconducting rotor coil with two transformers
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of a fourth embodiment of a synchronous motor with a superconducting rotor coil with one transformers
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a diagram with the time dependence of the current in the rotor coil.
  • the electric motor 1 with a superconducting rotor coil (winding) 2 .
  • the rotor coil 2 must be cooled to enable superconductivity in the coil 2 .
  • the electric motor 1 includes a cooled region 9 which is indicated in FIG. 1 by dash-dotted lines and is located inside a cryogenic vessel 13 .
  • the region 9 is cooled by a cooling system that operates according to the Gifford-McMahon cycle or the Stirling cycle.
  • the rotor coil 2 is preferably made of a high-temperature superconducting material (HTSC) having superconducting transition temperature above 35 K.
  • HTSC high-temperature superconducting material
  • Power to the rotor coil 2 is supplied by an electric energy source 3 , which can be a stationary power supply 15 .
  • a first transformer 4 is provided for transmitting the electric energy to the rotor coil 2 .
  • the first transformer 4 has a primary winding 5 axially spaced by an air gap 7 from a secondary winding 6 . While the primary winding 5 is stationary, the secondary winding 6 is connected with the schematically indicated rotor 16 for rotation therewith.
  • the shaft 14 of rotor 16 is supported in bearings (not shown).
  • the primary winding 5 of the transformer 4 is electrically connected with the energy source 3 .
  • the energy source 3 produces an AC voltage U 1 , i.e., a temporally changing voltage of alternating polarity, which is applied to the primary winding 5 of the transformer 4 .
  • the AC voltage U 1 is electrically coupled via the air gap 7 to the secondary winding 6 of the transformer 4 and transformed.
  • the transformed output voltage of the secondary winding referred to as U 2 , is also an AC voltage.
  • the ratio U 2 /U 1 of the two AC voltages U 2 and U 1 can be set by selecting number of turns in the primary winding 5 and/or the secondary winding 6 .
  • the two windings 5 and 6 of the first transformer 4 are located outside the cooled region 9 , i.e. essentially at ambient temperature T u .
  • a second transformer 8 is connected downstream of the first transformer 4 and, in particular, to the secondary winding 6 of the first transformer 4 .
  • the second transformer 8 is connected to and supplies electric energy to the rotor coil 2 .
  • the second transformer 8 is located in the cooled region 9 having a temperature T s that supports superconductivity of the rotor coil 2 .
  • the primary winding 80 of the second transformer 8 is electrically connected with the secondary winding 6 of the first transformer 4 via a high-current wire (current supply line) 68 .
  • the center tap of the secondary winding 81 of the transformer 8 is electrically connected with the rotor coil 2 , as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the supply voltage generated at the secondary coil 81 of the second transformer 8 is also an AC voltage and shown as U 3 .
  • the AC voltage U 1 supplied by power supply 15 is stepped up by the transformer 4 to a significantly higher voltage U 2 .
  • the transformation ratio can be at least 2, in particular at least 5, or can be greater than 10.
  • Both transformers 4 and 8 operate at high frequencies.
  • the operating frequencies are typically in a range between 100 Hz and 1 MHz, but can also be smaller or greater.
  • Each of the transformers 4 and 8 has a transformation ratio which can be selected over a wide range.
  • the energy from the electric energy source 3 is preferably supplied into the “cold region”, i.e., from the first transformer 4 to the second transformer 8 , at a higher voltage U 2 and a smaller current via the electric connection, i.e. the current supply line 68 .
  • the electric energy is transformed in the second transformer 8 to a smaller voltage U 3 and a correspondingly higher current. Accordingly, the second transformer 8 can be used to bring the current in the circuit of the superconductor 2 to the required level by stepping down the voltage U 2 to the smaller voltage U 3 . Only small thermal losses are observed in the cooled region 9 which is at cryogenic temperatures.
  • the current for operating the superconducting coil 2 is subsequently rectified in a rectifier—depicted in FIG. 1 in form of a circuit with two MOSFET switches.
  • the MOSFET gates have to be controlled by a voltage with the proper phase, which is achieved by using a controller 16 that rotates together with the rotor.
  • the controller 16 is controlled in a non-contacting manner by schematically indicated telemetry 17 .
  • This can be accomplished, for example, by infrared transmission, via a fiber-optic brush ring, or by radio waves.
  • the telemetry 17 is typically required anyway for monitoring the operating temperature and voltage of the rotor coil 2 . If necessary, the transformer 4 can also supply the energy for powering the controller 16 or the telemetry 17 .
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show alternative embodiments of the electric motor 1 .
  • the primary winding 5 and the secondary winding 6 of the transformer in FIG. 1 are arranged side-by-side in the axial direction of shaft 14
  • the two windings 5 , 6 are stacked radially in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • the air gap 7 is here shaped as a hollow cylinder. Otherwise, the configuration of the electric motor 1 is substantially identical to that of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows an electric motor 1 wherein the primary winding 5 of the transformer 4 is arranged in an annular recess of a common magnetic flux-conducting element (yoke) 65 that holds the primary winding 5 and the secondary winding 6 .
  • yoke common magnetic flux-conducting element
  • the flux-conducting yoke 65 of the transformer 4 can be constructed of laminated ferrite sheets (transformer sheets) to prevent eddy currents.
  • laminated ferrite sheets transformer sheets
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the electric motor 1 which has only a single transformer—namely the transformer 4 —for supplying power to the rotor coil 2 ; the second transformer 8 used in the embodiments described above with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 , has been eliminated.
  • the stationery primary winding 5 of the transformer 4 is here located in a “warm region”, i.e., essentially at ambient temperature T u .
  • the rotating secondary winding 6 is arranged in the “cold region”, i.e., at the superconducting temperature T s .
  • a wall 12 made of a non-conducting material fills the gap between the two windings 5 , 6 .
  • Suitable non-conducting materials are, in particular, glass fiber reinforced plastics.
  • the wall 12 can here be, for example, a portion of the wall of the cryogenic vessel 13 .
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 results in a particularly simple configuration.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a diagram of the current I flowing in the rotor coil 2 as a function of time t. Three operating regions are illustrated:
  • the magnetic field is rapidly built up in coil 2 by rapidly increasing the current in the coil 2 (charging phase 18 , MOSFETs 10 in FIG. 1 in charging configuration).
  • the gate supply of the rectifier bridge in the charging circuit is synchronized, with the power supply operating at a high voltage and/or high frequency to guarantee a high energy transfer rate.
  • discharge phase 20 MOSFETs 10 in discharge configuration
  • the phase of the MOSFET synchronization is shifted by 180°. Again, high voltages and/or high frequencies are selected for rapid discharge.
  • MOSFETs are advantageous because high voltages and frequencies can be implemented, allowing a rapid adjustment to changing operating conditions.
  • Protective diodes can be used to protect the windings should a faulty synchronization occur.
  • the coil is discharged according to the transformer-rectifier principle with cold MOSFET switches.
  • the proposed device of the invention eliminates brushes which reduced wear on the motor parts during operation.
  • the motor is also very compact and can therefore have a high power density.
  • the current supply line introduces only a small amount of heat into the cooled region, which helps maintain the superconducting properties of the coil and a high magnetic field in the rotor coil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)
US10/846,361 2001-11-15 2004-05-14 Device for supplying electric power to a superconductor Abandoned US20040256922A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/423,186 US7355307B2 (en) 2001-11-15 2006-06-09 Rotary transformer for supplying electric power to a superconducting rotor

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10156212.8 2001-11-15
DE10156212A DE10156212A1 (de) 2001-11-15 2001-11-15 Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Versorgung wenigstens eines Supraleiters
PCT/DE2002/004071 WO2003047077A1 (de) 2001-11-15 2002-10-31 Vorrichtung zur elektrischen versorgung wenigstens eines supraleiters

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PCT/DE2002/004071 Continuation WO2003047077A1 (de) 2001-11-15 2002-10-31 Vorrichtung zur elektrischen versorgung wenigstens eines supraleiters

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US11/423,186 Continuation US7355307B2 (en) 2001-11-15 2006-06-09 Rotary transformer for supplying electric power to a superconducting rotor

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US11/423,186 Expired - Fee Related US7355307B2 (en) 2001-11-15 2006-06-09 Rotary transformer for supplying electric power to a superconducting rotor

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US (2) US20040256922A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1454404A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4309274B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR100991301B1 (ja)
DE (1) DE10156212A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2003047077A1 (ja)

Cited By (7)

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US20090273251A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2009-11-05 Ralf Cordes Synchronous Machine
US20110025438A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2011-02-03 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Superconducting apparatus
US20130197821A1 (en) * 2010-12-10 2013-08-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Rotating electrical machine
WO2016024214A1 (en) * 2014-08-11 2016-02-18 Victoria Link Limited Superconducting current pump
US9998047B2 (en) 2015-01-16 2018-06-12 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Synchronous machine with rechargeable power storage devices
US10886820B2 (en) 2015-10-09 2021-01-05 Oswald Elektromotoren Gmbh Electrical machine
US20230188011A1 (en) * 2021-12-14 2023-06-15 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Telemetry system for electric motor rotor

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DE102004048961A1 (de) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-27 Siemens Ag Elektrische Maschine mit HTS-Läuferwicklung
WO2007036430A1 (de) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und vorrichtung zur induktiven energieübertragung an supreleitende erregerspulen einer elektrischen maschine
DE102005047541A1 (de) 2005-09-30 2007-05-03 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Energiezu- und -abfuhr zu und aus einer ohmsch-induktiven Last und dabei verwendeter Gleichrichter
US8134345B2 (en) * 2005-11-29 2012-03-13 General Electric Company Cryogenic exciter
CN100571007C (zh) * 2006-05-16 2009-12-16 中国科学院电工研究所 超导储能用双向多电平软开关dc/dc及其电压侧移相控制方法
JP5201551B2 (ja) 2008-08-06 2013-06-05 株式会社Ｉｈｉ 超電導コイル及び磁場発生装置
TWI379328B (en) * 2008-12-02 2012-12-11 Delta Electronics Inc Magnetic element
US8320088B2 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-11-27 Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. Power transfer mechanism for use in transmission and distribution level electrical power systems
EP2551999A1 (de) * 2011-07-27 2013-01-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Maschine mit schleifringloser Erregung
KR101446866B1 (ko) * 2013-04-16 2014-10-06 정윤도 고온 초전도 코일을 이용한 무선전력전송장치
US11387741B2 (en) * 2017-03-28 2022-07-12 Allison Naito Superconducting magnet engine
EP4068311B1 (en) 2021-03-30 2024-02-28 Bruker Switzerland AG Method for charging and/or discharging and/or reversing the charge of a superconducting-switch-free superconductively closed circuit via direct current feeding, superconducting-switch-free superconductively closed circuit for use with said method, superconducting magnet and method for producing said superconducting circuit

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US7816828B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2010-10-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Synchronous machine
CN101278464B (zh) * 2005-09-30 2012-10-10 西门子公司 同步电机
US20090273251A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2009-11-05 Ralf Cordes Synchronous Machine
US20110025438A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2011-02-03 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Superconducting apparatus
US8362860B2 (en) * 2009-01-30 2013-01-29 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Superconducting apparatus
US9696178B2 (en) * 2010-12-10 2017-07-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Rotating electrical machine
US20130197821A1 (en) * 2010-12-10 2013-08-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Rotating electrical machine
WO2016024214A1 (en) * 2014-08-11 2016-02-18 Victoria Link Limited Superconducting current pump
KR20170070003A (ko) * 2014-08-11 2017-06-21 빅토리아 링크 엘티디 초전도 전류 펌프
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KR102312084B1 (ko) 2014-08-11 2021-10-13 빅토리아 링크 엘티디 초전도 전류 펌프
US9998047B2 (en) 2015-01-16 2018-06-12 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Synchronous machine with rechargeable power storage devices
EP3046235B1 (en) * 2015-01-16 2019-06-05 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Synchronous machine with rechargeable power storage devices
US10886820B2 (en) 2015-10-09 2021-01-05 Oswald Elektromotoren Gmbh Electrical machine
US20230188011A1 (en) * 2021-12-14 2023-06-15 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Telemetry system for electric motor rotor

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US20070070559A1 (en) 2007-03-29
US7355307B2 (en) 2008-04-08
DE10156212A1 (de) 2003-06-05
KR100991301B1 (ko) 2010-11-01
KR20040053312A (ko) 2004-06-23
EP1454404A1 (de) 2004-09-08
JP4309274B2 (ja) 2009-08-05
WO2003047077A1 (de) 2003-06-05
JP2005510997A (ja) 2005-04-21

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