US20040241015A1 - Turbocharger comprising a torsional-vibration damper - Google Patents

Turbocharger comprising a torsional-vibration damper Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20040241015A1
US20040241015A1 US10/489,663 US48966304A US2004241015A1 US 20040241015 A1 US20040241015 A1 US 20040241015A1 US 48966304 A US48966304 A US 48966304A US 2004241015 A1 US2004241015 A1 US 2004241015A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
turbocharger
torsional vibration
shaft
vibration damper
compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/489,663
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Loos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Accelleron Industries AG
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to ABB TURBO SYSTEMS AG reassignment ABB TURBO SYSTEMS AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LOOS, MARKUS
Publication of US20040241015A1 publication Critical patent/US20040241015A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/04—Antivibration arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/027—Arrangements for balancing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/668—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps damping or preventing mechanical vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbocharger according to the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 .
  • Turbo chargers are used for increasing the power of reciprocating piston engines. They possess a rapidly rotating rotor unit which comprises a turbine, a compressor and a shaft connecting the turbine and compressor.
  • the turbine of the turbocharger is operated by means of the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.
  • the turbine drives the compressor by means of the common shaft.
  • the gas compressed by the compressor is supplied to the combustion chambers of the engine for charging the latter.
  • the pressure, acting upon the turbine, of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine is not constant, and this may excite the turbocharger shaft into vibrations.
  • the pressure pulsations depend, inter alia, on the opening and closing characteristic of the outlet valves of the engine and on the configuration of the exhaust line.
  • the predominating ignition frequency of the engine is clearly to the forefront in the frequency spectrum of these pressure pulsations, said ignition frequency depending on the number of cylinders, on the working process (2-stroke/4-stroke) and on the engine rotational speed. It is the state of the art to dimension the shaft of the turbocharger in such a way that all the characteristic torsional frequencies of the turbocharger shaft are well above the maximum possible ignition frequency of the engine. It has thereby been possible hitherto to avoid resonance between the main excitation and the characteristic torsional frequencies and to design the turbochargers so as to be operationally reliable.
  • the object of the invention is, therefore, to provide a cost-effective turbocharger with a rapidly rotating rotor unit, the operating reliability of which is ensured without efficiency losses, even in the event of the rising levels of excitation to be expected in future for torsional vibrations of the turbocharger shaft.
  • the dampers are advantageously arranged at the compressor-side shaft end, in particular on the inlet side of the compressor wheel hub, since the vibration deflections and consequently the damping action are at their greatest there.
  • a further advantage is also the good cooling action in the case of a relatively constant and low temperature, this being advantageous for all forms of damper construction.
  • the outside diameter of the torsional vibration damper is selected such that it corresponds to approximately 80%-110%, most preferably to 90% to 100%, of the hub diameter of the compressor at the inlet.
  • damper in the region of the turbine, in which case it is necessary to ensure that materials with sufficient heat resistance are used.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a section along its longitudinal axis, a turbocharger with a torsional vibration damper in the region of, the compressor inlet;
  • FIG. 2 shows the turbocharger from FIG. 1 with a torsional vibration damper in the region between the compressor wheel and turbine wheel;
  • FIG. 3 shows the result of a measurement of the amplitude of the torsional vibration on a turbocharger shaft with torsional vibration damper
  • FIG. 4 shows the result of a measurement of the amplitude of the torsional vibration on a turbocharger shaft with torsional vibration damper.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 each show a turbocharger 10 with a rapidly rotating rotor unit 11 in a section along their longitudinal axes 18 .
  • Each rapidly rotating rotor unit 11 comprises a turbine 12 and a compressor 16 which are connected to one another via a common, turbocharger shaft 14 .
  • the turbine 12 has a turbine wheel 22 , surrounded by a turbine housing 20 and having turbine blades 23 .
  • the compressor wheel 26 has compressor blades 27 which are distributed regularly over the circumference of a compressor wheel hub 25 .
  • the compressor wheel 26 is surrounded by a compressor housing 24 and can be driven by the turbine 12 by means of the common shaft 14 .
  • the common turbocharger shaft 14 is mounted between the compressor wheel 26 and the turbine wheel 22 in a bearing housing 28 .
  • the turbine housing 20 forms a flow duct 29 which is connected (not illustrated) to the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine.
  • the flow duct 29 leads via the turbine wheel 22 and makes it possible, via a gas outlet housing 30 of the turbine housing 20 , to discharge the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine from the turbocharger 10 .
  • the compressor housing forms a second flow duct 32 , via the inlet 34 of which air or another combustible gas is sucked in, led via the compressor wheel 26 and at the same time compressed.
  • the compressed gas is finally discharged from the turbocharger 10 via an outlet, not explicitly illustrated, of the compressor housing 24 and into a feed line of the internal combustion engine (not illustrated).
  • a torsional vibration damper 36 which is secured fixedly in terms of rotation to the shaft 14 on the inlet side upstream of a compressor hub 25 of the compressor wheel 26 .
  • the viscose torsional vibration damper is cooled optimally by the gas flowing in.
  • the torsional vibration damper is thus located in the region of the highest torsional vibration amplitudes of the shaft 14 and can therefore exert its greatest action.
  • the radial extent of the torsional vibration damper 36 amounts to 100 % of the radial extent of the compressor wheel hub 25 in the region of the latter which follows the torsional vibration damper 36 .
  • the construction space is thereby utilized optimally, without the flow via the compressor wheel 26 being impeded.
  • the turbocharger 10 in FIG. 2 is identical to the turbocharger 10 from FIG. 1.
  • the torsional vibration damper 36 for reducing the torsional vibration load on the shaft 14 is not connected fixedly in terms of rotation to the turbocharger shaft 14 in the region of the compressor wheel 26 , but, instead, between the compressor wheel 26 and turbine wheel 22 in the region of the bearing housing 28 of the turbocharger 10 .
  • the greater radial construction space can advantageously be utilized here, thus giving the torsional vibration damper 36 a higher efficiency.
  • This higher efficiency admittedly, cannot always have a full effect on dampening efficiency because of the greater proximity to the nodal point of the torsional vibration.
  • a rubber damper is used here instead of a viscose torsional vibration damper.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show, by way of example, results of two measurements of the torsional vibration amplitudes on a turbocharger shaft, on the one hand, without a torsional vibration damper in FIG. 3, and, on the other hand, with a torsional vibration damper in FIG. 4.
  • the measurements are based on the use of a viscose torsional vibration damper in the region of the inlet of the compressor.
  • the vibration frequency of the torsional vibration is plotted at the top in Hertz and the rotational speed is plotted on the right in revolutions per second.
  • the engine orders 40 which occur are plotted diagonally.
  • the increased amplitudes 42 of the torsional vibrations 44 in the region of the associated exciting engine order 40 can be seen clearly in both figures.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US10/489,663 2001-09-17 2002-09-13 Turbocharger comprising a torsional-vibration damper Abandoned US20040241015A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01810898A EP1293657A1 (de) 2001-09-17 2001-09-17 Turbolader mit Torsionsschwingungsdämpfer
EP01810898.5 2001-09-17
PCT/CH2002/000506 WO2003025371A1 (de) 2001-09-17 2002-09-13 Turbolader mit torsionsschwingungsdämpfer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040241015A1 true US20040241015A1 (en) 2004-12-02

Family

ID=8184140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/489,663 Abandoned US20040241015A1 (en) 2001-09-17 2002-09-13 Turbocharger comprising a torsional-vibration damper

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20040241015A1 (de)
EP (2) EP1293657A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2005502817A (de)
KR (1) KR100865649B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1298977C (de)
DE (1) DE50207326D1 (de)
RU (1) RU2304223C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2003025371A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060086090A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Kilkenny Jonathan P Vibration limiter for coaxial shafts and compound turbocharger using same
US20140208741A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Turbocharger with axial turbine stage
US11143206B2 (en) 2016-11-08 2021-10-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Rotary machine

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1602803A1 (de) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-07 ABB Turbo Systems AG Vorrichtung zum Reduzieren von Schwingungen eines Verbrennungsmotor und Abgasturbolader umfassenden Systems
AU2007256565B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2011-03-03 Vestas Wind Systems A/S A wind turbine comprising a detuner
CN101652563B (zh) * 2006-12-20 2012-02-08 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 扭转阻尼装置的使用以及包括扭转阻尼装置的风轮机
JPWO2014167905A1 (ja) 2013-04-12 2017-02-16 株式会社Ihi インペラの締結検査方法、インペラの締結方法、インペラの締結検査装置、およびインペラの締結装置
US10677312B2 (en) * 2018-02-15 2020-06-09 General Electric Company Friction shaft damper for axial vibration mode

Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2573398A (en) * 1947-05-12 1951-10-30 George S Butenkoff Torsional vibration dampener
US3667214A (en) * 1970-03-11 1972-06-06 Gen Motors Corp Engine turbosupercharger with vibration reducing drive
US3678782A (en) * 1969-11-15 1972-07-25 Hidemasa Aoki Viscous rubber dampers
US3734484A (en) * 1971-04-02 1973-05-22 Houdaille Industries Inc Torsional vibration damper
US3990324A (en) * 1974-03-07 1976-11-09 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Vibration damper and method of making said damper
US4044628A (en) * 1976-03-24 1977-08-30 U.S. Manufacturing Corporation Torsional damper
US4254847A (en) * 1978-07-24 1981-03-10 Houdaille Industries, Inc. Rubber viscous torsional dampers and method of making same
US4378865A (en) * 1980-12-10 1983-04-05 Houdaille Industries, Inc. Rubber and viscous/rubber torsional dampers and method of making the same
US4501348A (en) * 1981-07-31 1985-02-26 Sachs-Systemtechnik Gmbh Torsional oscillation damper with laterally displaceable damper member
US4924674A (en) * 1987-09-30 1990-05-15 Isuzu Motors Limited Turbocharger with rotary electric machine
US5140868A (en) * 1989-07-31 1992-08-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Viscous and rubber-type torsional damper
US5761969A (en) * 1994-02-25 1998-06-09 Simpson Industries, Inc. Torsional vibration damper
US20020108588A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2002-08-15 Litens Automotive Internal combustion engine combination with direct camshaft driven coolant pump
US6457311B2 (en) * 2000-03-09 2002-10-01 Daimlerchrysler Ag Exhaust-gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine
US6478553B1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2002-11-12 General Motors Corporation High thrust turbocharger rotor with ball bearings
US6499969B1 (en) * 2000-05-10 2002-12-31 General Motors Corporation Conically jointed turbocharger rotor
US20030026715A1 (en) * 2001-07-31 2003-02-06 Kazuo Ojima Turbo-charger for internal-combustion engine
US20030029392A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2003-02-13 Litens Automotive Internal combustion engine combination with direct camshaft driven coolant pump
US20030029393A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2003-02-13 Litens Automotive Internal combustion engine combination with direct camshaft driven coolant pump

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3632222A (en) * 1970-10-21 1972-01-04 Avco Corp Damping means for differential gas turbine engine
US3814549A (en) * 1972-11-14 1974-06-04 Avco Corp Gas turbine engine with power shaft damper
DE3413388A1 (de) * 1984-04-10 1985-10-24 Aktiengesellschaft Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch, 6710 Frankenthal Abgasturbolader
JPH0842633A (ja) * 1994-07-29 1996-02-16 Bridgestone Corp トーショナルダンパー

Patent Citations (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2573398A (en) * 1947-05-12 1951-10-30 George S Butenkoff Torsional vibration dampener
US3678782A (en) * 1969-11-15 1972-07-25 Hidemasa Aoki Viscous rubber dampers
US3667214A (en) * 1970-03-11 1972-06-06 Gen Motors Corp Engine turbosupercharger with vibration reducing drive
US3734484A (en) * 1971-04-02 1973-05-22 Houdaille Industries Inc Torsional vibration damper
US3990324A (en) * 1974-03-07 1976-11-09 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Vibration damper and method of making said damper
US4044628A (en) * 1976-03-24 1977-08-30 U.S. Manufacturing Corporation Torsional damper
US4254847A (en) * 1978-07-24 1981-03-10 Houdaille Industries, Inc. Rubber viscous torsional dampers and method of making same
US4378865A (en) * 1980-12-10 1983-04-05 Houdaille Industries, Inc. Rubber and viscous/rubber torsional dampers and method of making the same
US4501348A (en) * 1981-07-31 1985-02-26 Sachs-Systemtechnik Gmbh Torsional oscillation damper with laterally displaceable damper member
US4924674A (en) * 1987-09-30 1990-05-15 Isuzu Motors Limited Turbocharger with rotary electric machine
US5140868A (en) * 1989-07-31 1992-08-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Viscous and rubber-type torsional damper
US5761969A (en) * 1994-02-25 1998-06-09 Simpson Industries, Inc. Torsional vibration damper
US6457311B2 (en) * 2000-03-09 2002-10-01 Daimlerchrysler Ag Exhaust-gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine
US6499969B1 (en) * 2000-05-10 2002-12-31 General Motors Corporation Conically jointed turbocharger rotor
US20020108588A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2002-08-15 Litens Automotive Internal combustion engine combination with direct camshaft driven coolant pump
US20030029392A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2003-02-13 Litens Automotive Internal combustion engine combination with direct camshaft driven coolant pump
US20030029393A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2003-02-13 Litens Automotive Internal combustion engine combination with direct camshaft driven coolant pump
US6588381B2 (en) * 2001-02-15 2003-07-08 Litens Automotive Internal combustion engine combination with direct camshaft driven coolant pump
US6478553B1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2002-11-12 General Motors Corporation High thrust turbocharger rotor with ball bearings
US20030026715A1 (en) * 2001-07-31 2003-02-06 Kazuo Ojima Turbo-charger for internal-combustion engine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060086090A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Kilkenny Jonathan P Vibration limiter for coaxial shafts and compound turbocharger using same
US7150152B2 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-12-19 Caterpillar Inc Vibration limiter for coaxial shafts and compound turbocharger using same
US20140208741A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Turbocharger with axial turbine stage
US9181855B2 (en) * 2013-01-31 2015-11-10 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Turbocharger with axial turbine stage
US11143206B2 (en) 2016-11-08 2021-10-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Rotary machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2304223C2 (ru) 2007-08-10
CN1555457A (zh) 2004-12-15
EP1293657A1 (de) 2003-03-19
EP1427927A1 (de) 2004-06-16
JP2005502817A (ja) 2005-01-27
CN1298977C (zh) 2007-02-07
EP1427927B1 (de) 2006-06-21
KR20040035796A (ko) 2004-04-29
KR100865649B1 (ko) 2008-10-29
RU2004111682A (ru) 2005-05-20
DE50207326D1 (de) 2006-08-03
WO2003025371A1 (de) 2003-03-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2110531B1 (de) Abgasturbolader
JP4898491B2 (ja) パワータービン試験装置
US7559741B2 (en) Turbomachine having an axially displaceable rotor
KR100923187B1 (ko) 전동 과급기의 베어링 구조
WO2010122653A1 (ja) ハイブリッド排気タービン過給機
US20090238689A1 (en) Shaft bearing assembly
US9494189B2 (en) Turbocharger bearing housing oil groove
US20110274537A1 (en) Blade excitation reduction method and arrangement
US20090257867A1 (en) Turbine, in particular for an exhaust-gas turbocharger, and exhaust-gas turbocharger
US20040241015A1 (en) Turbocharger comprising a torsional-vibration damper
US7150152B2 (en) Vibration limiter for coaxial shafts and compound turbocharger using same
US20020004007A1 (en) Exhaust turbine for a turbocharger
EP2792868B1 (de) Abgasturbinensuperlader
KR101265927B1 (ko) 터보기계 및 배기-가스 터보차저
US10851662B2 (en) Sealing structure for turbines, and turbine and gas turbine having the same
KR101048947B1 (ko) 단일 스프링 아이솔레이터의 윤활 최적화
JP4448854B2 (ja) ラジアルタイプのコンプレッサからなるとともに後退翼を有するインペラを備えた内燃エンジンのためのターボコンプレッサシステム
US20200300158A1 (en) Turbine
JP2009191794A (ja) ハイブリッド排気タービン過給機
KR102000360B1 (ko) 압축기 및 이를 포함하는 가스 터빈
RU2269021C1 (ru) Промежуточный корпус компрессора двухконтурного турбореактивного двигателя
JP2008208734A (ja) ２段圧縮式排気タービン過給機
SU1815427A1 (en) Turbocompressor
CN110242404A (zh) 涡轮增压器组件
Rothemund A new MAN radial type high-pressure supercharger

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ABB TURBO SYSTEMS AG, SWITZERLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LOOS, MARKUS;REEL/FRAME:016055/0295

Effective date: 20040210

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION