US20040231391A1 - Method for extruding a profile or a similar billet from a bolt or bar and corresponding device - Google Patents

Method for extruding a profile or a similar billet from a bolt or bar and corresponding device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040231391A1
US20040231391A1 US10/483,344 US48334404A US2004231391A1 US 20040231391 A1 US20040231391 A1 US 20040231391A1 US 48334404 A US48334404 A US 48334404A US 2004231391 A1 US2004231391 A1 US 2004231391A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
extrusion
bar
prechamber
cutter
holder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/483,344
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English (en)
Inventor
Diethelm Wompner
Gregor Rotzinger
Adolf Ames
Armin Huber
Bertram Geigges
Holger Knissel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
Original Assignee
Alcan Technology and Management Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcan Technology and Management Ltd filed Critical Alcan Technology and Management Ltd
Assigned to ALCAN TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LTD. reassignment ALCAN TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KNISSEL, HOLGER, AMES, ADOLF, GEIGGES, BERTRAM, HUBER, ARMIN, ROTZINGER, GREGOR, WOMPNER, DIETHELM
Publication of US20040231391A1 publication Critical patent/US20040231391A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B21C33/006—Consecutive billets, e.g. billet profiles allowing air expulsion or bonding of billets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
    • B21C23/212—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C26/00—Rams or plungers; Discs therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/04—Cutting-off or removing waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D23/00—Machines or devices for shearing or cutting profiled stock

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a process for extrusion molding of a profile or similar billet from a bolt or bar which is guided in a receiver bore of a receiver or holder and extruded by means of an extrusion die in the extrusion direction through a molding cross section of a molding tool.
  • the front face of the bar is moved in the extrusion direction up to the rear face of the preceding bar, and the connection area of the bar ends resulting under pressure—namely compression and forming pressure—is then brought to the mould cross section.
  • the invention also concerns a device which is particularly suitable for this with a molding tool which is axially movable relative to the holder and can be adjusted and fixed in its spacing therefrom.
  • the ductile material of a heated casting bar which is preformed in the metal working area from non-ferrous or sintered metal or steel but in particular an aluminium alloy, or the roll bar section, is extruded by a die—or for hydrostatic extrusion molding by means of a fluid—through one or more mould cross sections of a molding tool which are positioned transverse to the extrusion direction.
  • the die moves in the processing direction of the resulting profile to the mould cross section; in indirect or reverse extrusion, the material is extruded against the die direction through a tool which is fixed on the hollow die.
  • Metals bars in particular those made of aluminium alloys, are coated with contaminants—for example lubricant residue—and an oxide layer. Above all the oxide particles at the bar face have proved extremely harmful for the structure of the resulting profile; the zone they produce with contaminating inclusions—also known as the transverse extrusion seam—is relatively long depending on the profile form and extrusion speed, and as quality requirements increase, leads to ever longer profile sections having to be discarded from the resulting extrusion with all resulting consequences of falling profitability with shrinking profile output; when the new bar is extruded, a transverse extrusion seam is created between this and the metal remaining in the tool inlet. This can be found in the extruded profile billet in the form of a tongue.
  • transverse extrusion seam zone of varying length must be cut away from the extruded profile billet.
  • the device presented in the said DE 196 05 885 C1 for performance of this process offers a cutter with two spaced cutting blades which are guided simultaneously in a radial movement path over the opening of the receiver bore and the rear surface of the tool.
  • the foregoing object is achieved by the present invention by providing a process for extrusion molding of a profile or similar billet from a bolt or bar, which is guided in a receiver bore of a receiver or holder and extruded by means of a extrusion die in the extrusion direction (x) through a mold cross section of a molding tool, where preferably before entering the mould cross section, the front face of the bar is moved in the extrusion direction (x) to the rear surface of a preceding bar and the connection area of the bar ends resulting under pressure is then brought to the mould cross section, characterised in that after contact of the front face of the one bar on the rear face of the preceding bar, air or similar fluid media present at these surfaces together with contaminants dissolved between them at the transverse extrusion seam surface is/are expelled approximately radially during the pressure build-up.
  • the invention further comprises a device for extrusion molding of a profile or similar billet from a bolt or bar, which is guided in a receiver bore of a receiver or holder and by means of an extrusion die extruded in the extrusion direction (x) through a mold cross section of a molding tool which is axially movable in relation to the holder and can be fixed and adjusted in distance (n) therefrom, in particular for performance of the process according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that in the gap, which is adjustable between the receiver or holder and the molding tool, is arranged a welding or prechamber and this is fitted with at least one side aperture or discharge channel.
  • air or similar fluid media present at these surfaces with the contaminants dissolved between them at the transverse extrusion seam surface can be dissipated approximately radially during the pressure build-up.
  • parts of the transverse extrusion seams are displaced radially.
  • the displaced parts of the transverse extrusion seam surface are dissipated approximately radially at the periphery before entry of the bar into the molding tool; due to the pressure build-up, from parts of the transverse extrusion seam surface at least one radial billet is formed and discharged at the side. According to the invention this can then be cut off and its flow path closed again before the actual extrusion process begins.
  • This process provides a targeted unlimited transverse extrusion until only a transverse extrusion seam surface without air inclusions enters the profile extrusion.
  • the continued extrusion process is performed as part of the invention under the exclusion of atmospheric oxygen. This measure also eliminates cases of residue in which transverse extrusion into limited volume catchment pockets is not sufficient and residue of the transverse extrusion seam surfaces contaminated with air can enter the profile extrusion.
  • the invention concerns a device which should be used above all to perform the process described above and in which, in the adjustable gap between the receiver or holder and the molding tool in the extrusion direction, a welding or prechamber is located from which at least one aperture or discharge channel leads away approximately radially. Allocated to the opening of such a discharge channel and straddling this is a cutting blade of a cutter.
  • the welding or prechamber in a tubular housing and in this preferably provide two approximately radial discharge channels on a common axis; this arrangement requires only one cutter with two cutting blades; the latter run parallel to each other in a U-shaped cross section of the cutter. At the end of the cutting process the cutter blade spans its allocated opening in a sealing manner and remains there throughout the entire subsequent extrusion process.
  • This device also contains a type of transverse extrusion seam welding chamber to be inserted between the die and receiver or firmly attached to one of these two components, with side apertures or discharge channels for transverse extrusion.
  • the side apertures can have any shape in order to expel the contaminated transverse extrusion seam surface safely from the area of the extruded product volume; when evidently sufficient extruded product volume has been expelled transversely, during the extrusion process the billets emerging at the side are cut by the cutter which then seals the side apertures or apertures of the discharge channels of the transverse extrusion seam prechamber.
  • this closing process has been performed and hence the transverse extrusion stopped, the actual extrusion process begins under air exclusion.
  • extrusion into the transverse extrusion seam prechamber continues until immediately before the side outlet openings.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 show a longitudinal section through a sketched holder or receiver of an extrusion press with an extrusion die which is arranged in front of the bolts or bars in the extrusion direction and a tool following at a distance;
  • FIG. 2 shows an axial view of the receiver of the extrusion press after cutting a face disc of the bolt or bar;
  • FIG. 4 shows the longitudinal section through the holder with the tool at its receiver face
  • FIGS 5 and 6 show two further longitudinal sections through a receiver with different forms of bolt
  • FIG. 7 shows a horizontal longitudinal section through an arrangement according to the invention of an extrusion press with prechamber
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross section through the arrangement in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 shows an oblique view of an extrusion residue.
  • An extrusion press for direct extrusion molding of profiles according to FIG. 1 has on an extrusion cylinder an extrusion die 10 which runs in the longitudinal axis A of a bore 16 passing through a receiver or holder 14 .
  • the diameter d of an extrusion disc 12 on the holder-side free face of the extrusion die 10 is slightly shorter than the free bore diameter so that the extrusion die 10 can be introduced into the receiver bore 16 .
  • the said free bore diameter can where applicable be bordered by the inner face of a receiver sleeve inserted in the holder 14 or its bore 16 and omitted in the drawing; in this case the interior of this receiver sleeve is known as the receiver bore 16 .
  • the maximum distance between a die-side receiver front 18 and the extrusion disc 12 in the rest position, not shown, of the extrusion die 10 is dimensioned such that placed before the receiver bore 16 is a bolt or bar 30 of alloy, in particular of a preheated aluminium alloy, which can be pushed into this receiver bore 16 by the extrusion die 10 in the extrusion direction x.
  • an axial multipiece swage 38 as a molding tool with flat molding dish 42 made in its holder—side tool surface 40 and of depth b and a contour corresponding for example approximately to the receiver bore 16 , and with a discharge channel 44 running in the extrusion direction x through which is expelled a billet 50 created in a molding cross section 46 of the swage 38 .
  • the contour of the molding dish 42 holding a disc-like molding 52 connected with the billet 50 is selected so that it contains all inlets of the tool 38 running in the extrusion direction x and not shown in the drawing for reasons of clarity.
  • a lifting device 54 for a cutter knife 56 which is provided to be movable radially into a gap 28 , determined by distance n, between the holder 14 and swage 38 .
  • the bolt or bar 30 is extruded through the molding tool 38 and thus forms the billet 50 starting from the disc-like molding 52 ; the molding 52 forms in the molding dish 42 described above of the swage 38 and is of one piece with an extrusion residue 60 of thickness e protruding from the tool surface 40 against the extrusion direction x; this is created during the extrusion process in the die-free face end area of the receiver bore 16 when the holder 14 is retracted against the extrusion direction x.
  • the surface 23 of the molding ring 22 at the receiver face 20 then stands as a stop face parallel to this at that distance n from the tool surface 40 .
  • the holder 14 and swage 38 are temporarily fixed in this position to allow a subsequent cutting process.
  • a new block or bar 30 is placed before the extrusion residue 60 and the surfaces of the block or bar 30 and extrusion residue 60 to be allocated to each other are cut away in order to improve the quality of the billet 50 in this area. Between the metal remaining in the inlets of tool 38 and the new bar 30 is created a transverse extrusion seam.
  • a heating device 64 with bilateral heating source 66 for example a high performance gas burner 64 with flame points 66 —radially into the gap 28 in order to heat the transverse extrusion seam or cut surfaces 36 , 62 before they are joined together under pressure and thus displace the contaminated surface for the transverse extrusion seam sideways from the welding area to be used; the parts of the transverse extrusion seam surface are then discarded radially into the holder pocket 24 on the molding ring 22 .
  • a closed cutting surface 62 aligned to the tool surface 40 is produced due to correspondingly designed material inlet openings in the swage 38 and a suitable cutter geometry.
  • a suitable cutter geometry In order to allow the sideways outlet of air, in the receiver face 20 are produced grooves, not shown in the drawing, through which the air can be discharged but no extruded product can escape.
  • the treatment of the said surfaces forming the transverse extrusion seam, as well as the said temperature increase, consists of a particular shaping of the cut surfaces facing each other; thus for example the cut surface 36 a according to FIG. 5 is formed in the shape of a pitched roof with radial horizontal ridge burr 35 , the cut surface 36 b in FIG. 6 in longitudinal section as a flat part ellipse.
  • the state shown here also concerns a first extrusion step in which pressure has built up; radial outflow of the metal leads to a peripheral ring edge 37 .
  • a tube 68 as a housing for a welding or a prechamber 70 of diameter i of approximately 560 mm in which the face 34 a of the advanced bolt 30 contacts the rear surface 33 a of the previously formed bolt 30 a .
  • the rear surface 33 a and front surface 34 a can where applicable also be considered cut surfaces if in particular cases they result from a cutting process.
  • the latter can be cut off during the extrusion process by a cutter 57 which is approximately U-shaped in cross section and arranged on a lift device 54 and the longitudinal axis B of which crosses the transfer direction y.
  • the cutter blades 59 of cutter 57 formed by the two legs of the U, after the cutting process close the openings 74 of the side apertures 72 as shown in FIG. 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US10/483,344 2001-07-11 2002-07-11 Method for extruding a profile or a similar billet from a bolt or bar and corresponding device Abandoned US20040231391A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10133529.6 2001-07-11
DE10133529 2001-07-11
PCT/EP2002/007744 WO2003006188A2 (de) 2001-07-11 2002-07-11 Verfahren zum strangpressen eines profils od. dgl. stranges aus einem bolzen oder barren sowie vorrichtung dafür

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040231391A1 true US20040231391A1 (en) 2004-11-25

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US (1) US20040231391A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1409171A2 (de)
AU (1) AU2002328882A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2453258A1 (de)
DE (2) DE10141223C1 (de)
WO (1) WO2003006188A2 (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090173128A1 (en) * 2008-01-04 2009-07-09 G. James Australia Pty. Ltd. Method of welding heated log segments in an aluminum extrusion process
JP2012076132A (ja) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-19 Showa Denko Kk 押出加工方法及び押出加工装置
CN103418631A (zh) * 2013-08-19 2013-12-04 无锡源创机械科技有限公司 一种卧式挤压机内置式打压余机构
CN104772358A (zh) * 2015-04-28 2015-07-15 哈尔滨理工大学 金属交替挤压成形装置及方法
CN107931497A (zh) * 2017-11-27 2018-04-20 上海鸿基金属制品有限公司 组合固定杆的冷镦成型工艺
CN109351794A (zh) * 2018-12-11 2019-02-19 湖南千源铝业有限公司 一种用于铝合金型材的挤压成型装置
CN109500125A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-22 佛山市南海华南锻造金属结构有限公司 一种带压余脱离机构的挤压机
CN113145607A (zh) * 2021-03-05 2021-07-23 张福有 一种用于废铜利用的回收装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008048576A1 (de) 2008-09-23 2010-03-25 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Herstellungsverfahren, Strangpresse und Matrize für ein Strangpress-Hohlprofil sowie Strangpress-Hohlprofil und Wärmetauscher mit einem Strangpress-Hohlprofil
DE102009040071A1 (de) 2009-09-04 2011-03-10 Bl Chemie Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Pressbolzen
RU2744402C1 (ru) * 2020-06-02 2021-03-09 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Балтийский государственный технический университет "ВОЕНМЕХ" им. Д.Ф. Устинова (БГТУ "ВОЕНМЕХ") Способ изготовления заготовки стального сердечника для бронебойно-зажигательной пули
CN112605144B (zh) * 2020-11-20 2022-02-15 顺德职业技术学院 一种铝合金家具铝材生产加工用快速压合装置
CN113059013B (zh) * 2021-02-07 2022-09-20 江苏伟业铝材有限公司 一种具有自动输送料结构的铝材挤压机及其使用方法

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US2782919A (en) * 1951-07-04 1957-02-26 Loewy Eng Co Ltd Tool supporting means in billet extrusion presses
US2964177A (en) * 1959-07-02 1960-12-13 Albert W Scribner Continuous extrusion
US3369385A (en) * 1965-07-07 1968-02-20 Reynolds Metals Co Metal extrusion apparatus
US5836190A (en) * 1996-02-05 1998-11-17 Alusuisse Technology & Management Ltd. Process for extruding a section or the like from an ingot and a device that purpose

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US1720722A (en) * 1927-11-26 1929-07-16 Western Electric Co Slug for use in extrusion operations and method of extrusion
GB655652A (en) * 1948-12-31 1951-07-25 Dow Chemical Co Improved method of producing continuous extruded metal articles
GB2033813B (en) * 1978-11-14 1982-06-30 Franco Belgedes Laminoirs Et T Pressure welding wedged metal bars

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2782919A (en) * 1951-07-04 1957-02-26 Loewy Eng Co Ltd Tool supporting means in billet extrusion presses
US2964177A (en) * 1959-07-02 1960-12-13 Albert W Scribner Continuous extrusion
US3369385A (en) * 1965-07-07 1968-02-20 Reynolds Metals Co Metal extrusion apparatus
US5836190A (en) * 1996-02-05 1998-11-17 Alusuisse Technology & Management Ltd. Process for extruding a section or the like from an ingot and a device that purpose

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090173128A1 (en) * 2008-01-04 2009-07-09 G. James Australia Pty. Ltd. Method of welding heated log segments in an aluminum extrusion process
US7712651B2 (en) 2008-01-04 2010-05-11 G. James Australia Pty. Ltd. Method of welding heated log segments in an aluminum extrusion process
US20100181369A1 (en) * 2008-01-04 2010-07-22 G. James Australia Pty. Ltd. Method of welding heated log segments in an aluminum extrusion process
US7950566B2 (en) 2008-01-04 2011-05-31 G. James Australia Pty. Ltd. Method of welding heated log segments in an aluminum extrusion process
JP2012076132A (ja) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-19 Showa Denko Kk 押出加工方法及び押出加工装置
CN103418631A (zh) * 2013-08-19 2013-12-04 无锡源创机械科技有限公司 一种卧式挤压机内置式打压余机构
CN104772358A (zh) * 2015-04-28 2015-07-15 哈尔滨理工大学 金属交替挤压成形装置及方法
CN107931497A (zh) * 2017-11-27 2018-04-20 上海鸿基金属制品有限公司 组合固定杆的冷镦成型工艺
CN109500125A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-22 佛山市南海华南锻造金属结构有限公司 一种带压余脱离机构的挤压机
CN109351794A (zh) * 2018-12-11 2019-02-19 湖南千源铝业有限公司 一种用于铝合金型材的挤压成型装置
CN113145607A (zh) * 2021-03-05 2021-07-23 张福有 一种用于废铜利用的回收装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003006188A2 (de) 2003-01-23
EP1409171A2 (de) 2004-04-21
DE10141223C1 (de) 2002-11-21
CA2453258A1 (en) 2003-01-23
DE10232608A1 (de) 2003-01-23
DE10232608B4 (de) 2004-04-15
WO2003006188A3 (de) 2003-11-27
AU2002328882A1 (en) 2003-01-29

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