Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
  • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
  • G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
  • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
  • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
  • C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
  • C07K14/4702—Regulators; Modulating activity
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
  • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
  • C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
  • C07K14/4702—Regulators; Modulating activity
  • C07K14/4705—Regulators; Modulating activity stimulating, promoting or activating activity
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
  • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
  • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
  • G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
  • G01N33/5023—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects on expression patterns
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
  • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
  • G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
  • G01N33/5058—Neurological cells
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
  • G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
  • G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for assaying an ability to control a neurocyte plasticity which is dependent on a transcription regulatory factor.
• a cranial nervous function is based on a neural circuit consisting of various neurocytes. Such a complicated and precise network is formed as a result of a correct induction of a neuroaxon into a target cell to effect a synaptic binding with a correct target cell.
• This induction/binding process involves, as a matter of course, a neuroaxonal extension control (promotion, suppression, attraction, repelling and the like).
• a reduction in the cognitive ability in response to an ordinary aging is due to a neural dysfunction rather than due to a loss of neurocytes or synapses.
• a neural dysfunction is considered to be a disturbed mechanism of the neurocyte plasticity due to a difficulty in maintaining a normal condition of the structural plasticity (remodelling; hereinafter sometimes referred to as a neurocyte plasticity) of two protrusions possessed by a neurocyte (dendrite and neuroaxon) for some reason.
• the disturbed mechanism of the neurocyte plasticity is considered recently to be one of the pathogenic factors in diseases such as a mental retardation and Alzheimer-related cognition insufficiency.
• a specific protein i.e., a transcription regulatory factor
• a transcription regulatory factor i.e., a transcription regulatory factor
• a marker protein gene present on a neurocyte plasticising pathway such as an Eph A receptor which is a tyrosine kinase-type cell membrane receptor believed to control the neurocyte plasticity and a controlling factor referred to as a Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (or Rho GTPase inhibitor)
• Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor or Rho GTPase inhibitor
• the present invention provides:
• [0008] 1. a method for assaying (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an assay method of the present invention) an ability to control the neurocyte plasticity which is dependent on a transcription regulatory factor comprising any of the following amino acid sequences (hereinafter sometimes referred to as present amino acid sequences), comprising the steps:
• amino acid sequence a protein comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by a DNA which hybridizes under a stringent condition with a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 35 to 2440 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.6 and also having a transcription regulation ability;
• a first step for bringing a test substance into contact with a transformed mammalian cell obtainable by introducing a gene comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the present amino acid sequence;
• [0025] 7. a method for searching for a substance having an ability to control the neurocyte plasticity which is dependent on a transcription regulatory factor comprising a present amino acid sequence, wherein a substance having the ability is selected on the basis of the ability evaluated by an assay method according to the above 1 or 2 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a searching method of the present invention);
• a neurocyte plasticity regulator comprising as an active ingredient a substance selected by a searching method according to the above 7 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and obtained by formulating the active ingredient into a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a neurocyte plasticity regulator of the present invention);
• [0028] 10. a use of a gene comprising the nucleotide sequence encoding a present amino acid sequence as an exogenous gene for promoting the expression of a marker protein gene present on the neurocyte plasticising pathway which is dependent on a transcription regulatory factor comprising a present amino acid sequence in a mammalian cell by means of providing the exogenous gene in a position enabling the expression in the cell; and the like.
• a “transcription regulatory factor comprising any of the following amino acid sequences means a protein having a basic helix-loop-helix (hereinafter referred to as bHLH) motif and a PAS domain (Per-Arnt-Sim homology domain) involved in the neurocyte plasticity, which binds to a DNA by forming a heterodimer whereby acting as a transcription regulatory factor.
• bHLH basic helix-loop-helix
• PAS domain Per-Arnt-Sim homology domain
• a “neurocyte plasticity which is dependent on a transcription regulatory factor comprising any of the following amino acid sequences (i.e., a present amino acid sequences)” means a neurocyte plasticity in which the transcription regulatory factor comprising the present amino acid sequence (i.e., a present transcription regulatory factor) is involved and which is believed to occur as a result of a series of the cascade reactions starting from the present transcription regulatory factor.
• Such a series of the cascade reactions is referred to as a “the (i.e., present amino acid sequence-carrying) transcription regulatory factor-dependent neurocyte plasticising pathway” in the present invention, and a protein capable of being utilized as a measure of the neurocyte plasticity in the invention among the proteins present on the pathway as being subjected to the expression regulation is referred to as a “marker protein present on the (i.e., present amino acid sequence-carrying) transcription regulatory factor-dependent neurocyte plasticising pathway”.
• Those exemplified typically are an Eph A receptor, Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (or Rho GTPase inhibitor) and the like.
• the Eph A receptor is a tyrosine kinase type cell membrane receptor which is known widely to be related with the development of a brain, and several recent studies indicated the evidences of the involvement of the Eph A in the synapse plasticity, learning and memory, it is also implemented that the Eph A is involved in the potentiation of a memory, and its electrophysiological study results (LTP: long term potentiation of a synapse transmission efficiency) and behavior observation study results suggested that the activation of the Eph A is associated with the change in the cognition leading to the improvement in the memory in an adult brain. Also since the synapse plasticity is critical for the memory and the mnemonic data accumulation (as a basis of the mechanism), the activation of Eph A is considered to be associated with a neurocyte plasticising-promoting effect.
• a Rho is an intracellular signal transmitter, which is a protein known widely to be involved in the cell growth control, cell adhesion formation regulation, actin cytoskeleton structure formation and the like.
• a control factor inhibitory protein
• Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor or Rho GTPase inhibitor
• Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor is present in order to control the activation of the Rho.
• Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor is present in order to control the activation of the Rho.
• Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor or Rho GTPase inhibitor
• Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor is considered to regulate the neurocyte plasticity by means of controlling the GTPase activity of the Rho.
• a “transcription regulatory factor i.e., a present transcription regulatory factor) comprising any of the following amino acid sequences (i.e., a present amino acid sequences)” is a protein consisting of any amino acid sequence included in the amino acid group consisting of (a) the amino acid sequence represented by any of SEQ ID Nos.1 to 3, (b) the amino acid sequence of a protein comprising an amino acid sequence exhibiting an amino acid identity of 90% or more to the amino acid sequence represented by any of SEQ ID Nos.1 to 3 and also having a transcription regulation ability, (c) the amino acid sequence of a protein comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by a DNA which hybridizes under a stringent condition with a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 102 to 2507 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.4 and also having a transcription regulation ability, (d) the amino acid sequence of a protein comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by
• a present transcription regulatory factor includes a protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by any of SEQ ID Nos.1 to 3(i.e., a present amino acid sequences) (wherein the protein comprising the present amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID No.1 is a human-derived present transcription regulatory factors which may sometimes be designated as hNXF; the protein comprising the present amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID No.2 is a mouse-derived present transcription regulatory factor, which may sometimes be designated as mNXF; the protein comprising the present amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID No.3 is a rat-derived present transcription regulatory factor, which may sometimes be designated as rNXF), a protein comprising an amino acid sequence exhibiting an amino acid identity of 90% or more to the amino acid sequence represented by any of SEQ ID Nos.1 to 3 and also having a transcription regulation ability, a protein comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by a DNA which hybridizes under a stringent condition with a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented
• the difference from the amino acid sequence represented by any of SEQ ID Nos.1 to 3 observed in the amino acid sequence of a present transcription regulatory factor may for example be a variation such as the deletion, substitution, modification and addition of amino acids.
• a variation includes a variation which can artificially be introduced by means of a site-directed mutagenesis method or a mutagenic treatment as well as a polymorphic variation which occurs naturally such as a difference in an amino acid sequence resulting from the difference by the animal line, individual, organ and tissue.
• the “amino acid identity” means an identity and a homology in the amino acid sequence between two proteins.
• the “amino acid identity” described above can be determined by comparing two amino acid sequence which are aligned optimally over the entire range of a reference amino acid.
• a reference protein here may have an addition or deletion (for example, a gap) in the optimal alignment of the two amino acid sequences.
• Such an amino acid identity can be calculated for example by producing an alignment utilizing a Clustal W algorism [Nucleic Acid Res., 22 (22): 4673-4680 (1994)] using a Vector NTI.
• the amino acid identity can be investigated also by using a sequence analysis software, typically Vector NTI, GENETYX-MAC or any other analytical tools provide DNA public database.
• a public database can generally be available for example in the following URL: http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp.
• a preferred amino acid identity in the invention may for example be 90% or higher.
• a “DNA which hybridizes under a stringent condition” described above may for example be a DNA capable of maintaining a hybrid, which was formed previously as a DNA-DNA hybrid by a hybridization at 65° C. at a high ion concentration [for example using 6 ⁇ SSC (900 mM sodium chloride, 90 mM sodium citrate)], even after washing for 30 minutes at 65° C. at a low ion concentration [for example using 0.1 ⁇ SSC (15 mM sodium chloride, 1.5 mM sodium citrate)].
• 6 ⁇ SSC 900 mM sodium chloride, 90 mM sodium citrate
• the transcription regulation ability of a present transcription regulatory factor can be evaluated based for example on an assay using a reporter gene described below.
• a gene comprising the nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of a present transcription regulatory factor may be obtained for example from a tissue of an animal such as human, mouse, rat and the like in accordance with a genetic engineering method described for example in J. Sambrook, E. F. Frisch, T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989).
• RNA derived from a tissue of an animal is first prepared.
• a brain tissue is pulverized in a solution containing a protein denaturant such as guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine thiocyanate, and then the pulverized material is treated with phenol, chloroform and the like, to denature the protein.
• the denatured protein is removed for example by a centrifugation to obtain a supernatant, from which the total RNA is extracted by a guanidine hydrochloride/phenol method, SDS-phenol method, guanidine thiocyanate/CsCl method and the like.
• a commercially available kit based on the methods described above may for example be ISOGEN (NIPPON GENE).
• the resultant total RNA is used as a template and an oligo dT primer is annealed to a poly A sequence of the RNA, whereby synthesizing a single-stranded cDNA using a reverse transcriptase.
• the synthesized single-stranded cDNA is used as a template together with a primer which is an RNA obtained by inserting a nick and a gap into the RNA chain using an E. coli RnaseH, whereby synthesizing a double-stranded cDNA using an E. coli DNA polymerase I.
• the both ends of the synthesized double-stranded cDNA is made blunt using a T4 DNA polymerase.
• the double-stranded cDNA having both blunt ends is purified and recovered by means of a standard procedure such as a phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation.
• a commercially available kit based on the methods described above may for example be a cDNA synthesis system plus (Amarsham Pharmacia Biotech) or a TimeSaver cDNA synthesis kit (Amarsham Pharmacia Biotech).
• a cDNA library a commercially available cDNA library (GIBCO-BPL or Clontech) may also be employed.
• a genomic DNA may be prepared from a tissue sample of an animal such as human, mouse and rat in accordance with a standard method described for example in J. Sambrook, E. F. Frisch, T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989), or M. Muramatsu, “Labomanual genetic engineering” (Maruzen, 1988).
• the sample when the sample is a hair, 2 or 3 hairs are washed with a sterilized water and then with ethanol, cut into 2 to 3 mm pieces, which are combined with 200 ⁇ l of a BCL-Buffer [10 mM Tris-HCl (pH7.5), 5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.32 sucrose, 1 Triton X-100] followed by a Proteinase K at the final concentration of 100 ⁇ l/ml and SDS at the final concentration of 0.5 (w/v). The mixture thus obtained is incubated at 70° C. for 1 hour, and then subjected to a phenol/chloroform extraction to obtain a genomic DNA.
• BCL-Buffer 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH7.5), 5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.32 sucrose, 1 Triton X-100
• the sample is a peripheral blood
• the sample is treated using a DNA-Extraction kit (Stratagene) and the like to obtain a genomic DNA.
• the resultant genomic DNA is ligated to a vector such as a ⁇ gt10 using a ligase to obtain a genomic DNA library.
• a genomic DNA library a commercially available genomic DNA library (Stratagene) may also be employed.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene can be obtained for example by a polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter abbreviated as PCR) using as a primer an oligonucleotide comprising a partial nucleotide sequence of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.4, 5, 6 or 54 or the nucleotide sequence complementary to said partial nucleotide sequence or by a hybridization method using as a probe a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.4, 5, 6 or 54 or a partial nucleotide sequence of said partial nucleotide sequence.
• PCR polymerase chain reaction
• a primer employed in a PCR may for example be an oligonucleotide having a length of about 10 nucleotides to about 50 nucleotides which is an oligonucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from a 5′ non-translation region of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.4, 5, 6 or 54 and which is an oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence selected from a 3′ non-translation region of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.4, 5, 6 or 54.
• the forward primer may for example be the oligonucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO.7 and the oligonucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO.8.
• the reverse primer may for example be the oligonucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO.9 and the oligonucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO.10.
• An example of the PCR condition involves an incubation in 50 ⁇ l of a reaction solution containing 5 ⁇ l of a 10-fold diluted buffer for a LA-Taq polymerase (Takara), 5 ⁇ l of a 2.5 mM dNTP mixture (each 2.5 mM dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP) (the final concentration of each of dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP is 0.25 mM), each 0.25 to 1.25 ⁇ l of 20 ⁇ M primers (final concentration of 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ M), 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ g of a template cDNA and 1.25 units of a LA-Taq polymerase (Takara) for 1 minutes at 95° C. followed by 3 minutes at 68° C. in a single cycle, the cycle being repeated 35 times.
• a reaction solution containing 5 ⁇ l of a 10-fold diluted buffer for a LA-Taq polymerase
• a probe employed in a hybridization method may for example be the DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 102 to 2507 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.4, a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 51 to 2456 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.5, a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 35 to 2440 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.6, a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 1419 to 6164 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.54 and the like.
• hybridization condition involves an incubation at 65° C. in the presence of 6 ⁇ SSC (0.9M sodium chloride, 0.9M sodium citrate), 5 ⁇ Denhart's solution (0.1 (w/v) ficoll 400, 0.1 (w/v) polyvinyl pyrrolidone), 0.1 (w/v) BSA), 0.5 (w/v) SDS and 100 ⁇ g/ml denatured salmon sperm DNA followed by an incubation at room temperature for 15 minutes in the presence of 1 ⁇ SSC (0.005M sodium chloride, 0.015M sodium citrate) and 0.5 (w/v) SDS; followed by an incubation at 68° C.
• 6 ⁇ SSC 0.9M sodium chloride, 0.9M sodium citrate
• 5 ⁇ Denhart's solution 0.1 (w/v) ficoll 400, 0.1 (w/v) polyvinyl pyrrolidone
• BSA 0.1 (w/v) BSA
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene can be prepared also by performing a chemical synthesis of a nucleic acid in accordance with a standard method such as a phosphite triester method (Hunkapiller, M. et al., Nature, 310, 105, 1984) based on the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO.4, 5, 6 or 54.
• a standard method such as a phosphite triester method (Hunkapiller, M. et al., Nature, 310, 105, 1984) based on the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO.4, 5, 6 or 54.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene thus obtained can be cloned into a vector in accordance with a genetic engineering method described in J. Sambrook, E. F. Frisch, T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989).
• the cloning can for example be performed using a TA cloning kit (Invitrogen) or a commercially available plasmid vector such as pBluescriptII (Stratagene).
• the nucleotide sequence of a resultant inventive DNA can be identified by a Maxam Gilbert method (described for example in Maxam, A. M. & W. Glibert, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74, 560, 1997) or a Sanger method (described for example in Sanger, F. & A. R. Coulson, J. Mol. Biol., 94, 441, 1975, Sanger, F. & Nicklen and A. R. Coulson., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74, 5463, 1997).
• a typical example of a present transcription regulatory factor gene may for example be the DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 102 to 2507 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.4, a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 51 to 2456 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.5, a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 35 to 2440 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.6, a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by the nucleotide numbers 1419 to 6164 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID No.54 and the like.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene is, as described above and below, can be utilized also for promoting the expression of a marker protein gene present on a present transcription regulatory factor-dependent neurocyte plasticising pathway in a malian cell by means of providing the DNA in the mammalian cell as an exogenous gene in a position enabling the expression in the cell.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene vector can be constructed by integrating a present transcription regulatory factor gene, in accordance with a standard genetic engineering method, into a vector capable of being utilized in a host cell to which said gene is introduced (hereinafter referred to as a basic vector), such as a vector which contains a gene information capable of being replicated in the host cell, which can independently be proliferated, which can be isolated and purified from the host cell and which has a detectable marker.
• a basic vector such as a vector which contains a gene information capable of being replicated in the host cell, which can independently be proliferated, which can be isolated and purified from the host cell and which has a detectable marker.
• a basic vector which can be employed for constructing A present transcription regulatory factor gene vector may for example be a plasmid pUC119 (Takara) or phagimid pBluescriptII (Stratagene) when using a coliform as a host cell.
• plasmids pGBT9, pGAD242, pACT2 (Clontech) may be exemplified.
• a vector containing an autonomous replication origin derived from a virus such as pRc/RSV, pRc/CMV (Invitrogen), bovine papilloma virus plasmid pBV (Amarsham Pharmacia Biotech) or EB virus plasmid pCEP4 (Invitrogen) and a virus such as a vaccinia virus may be exemplified, while an insect virus such as a baculovirus may be exemplified when using a insect cell as a host cell.
• a transfer vector containing a nucleotide sequence homologous to the genome of a virus to be employed can be used.
• a transfer vector is typically a plasmid available from Pharmingen such as pVL1372, pVL1393 (Smith, G. E., Summers M. E. et al., Mol. Cell Biol., 3, 2156-2165 (1983) and pSFB5 (Funahashi, S. et al., J. Virol., 65, 5584-5588 (1991).
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene When a present transcription regulatory factor gene is inserted into a transfer vector described above and the transfer vector and the genome of a virus are introduced into a host cell simultaneously, a homologous recombination occurs between the transfer vector and the genome of the virus, whereby obtaining a virus into whose genome the present transcription regulatory factor gene is integrated.
• the genome of a virus may be the genome for example of Baculovirus, Adenovirus, Vacciniavirus and the like.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene is integrated for example into a baculovirus by inserting the present transcription regulatory factor gene into a multiple cloning site of a transfer vector such as pVL1393 or pBL1392 followed by introducing the DNA of said transfer vector and a baculovirus genomic DNA (Baculogold; Pharmingen) into an insect cell line Sf21 (available from ATCC) for example by a calcium phosphate method followed by incubating the resulting cell.
• a transfer vector such as pVL1393 or pBL1392
• a virus particle containing the genome of the virus into which the present transcription regulatory factor gene has been inserted is recovered from the culture medium for example by a centrifugation, and then made free from proteins using phenol and the like, whereby obtaining the genome of the virus containing the present transcription regulatory factor gene. Subsequently, the genome of said virus is introduced into a host cell having a virus particle forming ability such as an insect cell line Sf21 for example by a calcium phosphate method and the resultant cell is incubated, whereby proliferating the virus particle containing the present transcription regulatory factor gene.
• a relatively small genome such as that of a mouse leukemia retrovirus can directly be integrated with a present transcription regulatory factor gene without using any transfer vector.
• a virus vector DC(X) (Eli Gilboa et al., BioTechniques, 4, 504-512 (1986)) is integrated with a present transcription regulatory factor gene on its cloning site.
• the resultant virus vector into which the present transcription regulatory factor gene has been integrated is introduced into a packaging cell such as an Ampli-GPE (J. Virol., 66, 3755 (1992)), whereby obtaining a virus particle containing the genome of the virus into which the present transcription regulatory factor gene has been inserted.
• a promoter capable of functioning in a host-cell is operably connected to the upstream of a present transcription regulatory factor gene and then integrated into a basic vector such as those described above, whereby constructing an present transcription regulatory factor gene vector capable of allowing the present transcription regulatory factor gene to be expressed in the host cell.
• the expression “operably connected” means that a promoter and a present transcription regulatory factor gene are bound to each other in a condition which allows the present transcription regulatory factor gene is expressed under the control of the promoter in a host cell into which the present transcription regulatory factor gene is to be introduced.
• a promoter capable of functioning in a host cell may for example be a DNA exhibiting a promoter activity in a host cell into which it is to be introduced.
• E. coli lactose operon promoter lacP
• tryptophan operon promoter trpP
• arginine operon promoter argP
• galactose operon promoter galP
• tac promoter T7 promoter, T3 promoter
• ⁇ phage promoter ⁇ -pL, ⁇ -pR
• those which may be exemplified when the host cell is an animal cell or fission yeast are Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter, cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, simian virus (SV40) early or late promoter, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter and the like.
• RSV Rous sarcoma virus
• CMV cytomegalovirus
• SV40 simian virus
• MMTV mouse mammary tumor virus
• the ADH1 promoter can be prepared by a standard genetic engineering method for example from an yeast expression vector pAAH5 comprising an ADH1 promoter and terminator [available from Washington Research Foundation, Ammerer et al., Method in Enzymology, 101 part (p.192-201)]; the ADH1 promoter is encompassed in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 299,733 by Washington Research Foundation, and should be used industrially or commercially in United States only after obtaining the approval from the claimant).
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene may be inserted to the downstream of said promoter so that the vector-possessed promoter and the present transcription regulatory factor gene are operably connected to each other.
• each of the plasmids such as pRc/RSV and pRc/CMV described above is provided with a cloning site downstream of a promoter capable of functioning in an animal cell, and by inserting a present transcription regulatory factor gene into said cloning site followed by a introduction into an animal cell, the present transcription regulatory factor gene can be expressed.
• any of these plasmids has previously been integrated with a SV40 autonomous replication origin, the introduction of said plasmid into a host cell which has been transformed with an SV40 genome from which an ori is deleted, such as a COS cell, leads to an extremely increased number of the intracellular plasmid copies, resulting in a high expression of the present transcription regulatory factor gene which has been integrated into said plasmid.
• an present transcription regulatory factor gene vector capable of allowing a present transcription regulatory factor gene to be expressed highly in a budding yeast such as CG1945 (Clontech) can be constructed by inserting the present transcription regulatory factor gene into the downstream of the ADH1 promoter of said plasmid or a derivative thereof.
• a method for introducing a present transcription regulatory factor gene vector into a host cell may be a standard introducing method suitable for the host cell.
• a standard method such as a calcium chloride method or electroporation described for example in J. Sambrook, E. F. Frisch, T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989) may be employed.
• the introduction into a cell described above can be effected in accordance with a general gene introduction method such as a calcium phosphate method, DEAE dextran method, electroporation, lipofection and the like.
• a general gene introduction method such as a calcium phosphate method, DEAE dextran method, electroporation, lipofection and the like.
• the introduction can be effected for example by means of an Yeast transformation kit (Clontech) based on a lithium method.
• the genome of the virus can be introduced into a host cell by a standard gene introduction method described above, or a virus particle containing the genome of the virus into which a present transcription regulatory factor gene has been inserted is infected to a host cell, whereby introducing the genome of said virus into the host cell.
• a marker gene is introduced into a host cell simultaneously with a present transcription regulatory factor gene vector and the cell is cultured in a manner suitable to the nature of the marker gene.
• the marker gene is a gene which impart the host cell with a resistance to a lethally active screening drug
• the cell into which the present transcription regulatory factor gene vector has been introduced is cultured in a medium supplemented with said drug.
• the combination of such a drug resistance imparting gene and a screening drug may for example be the combination of a neomycin resistance imparting gene with neomycin, the combination of a hygromycin resistance imparting gene with hygromycin, and the combination of blasticidin S resistance imparting gene and blasticidin S.
• the marker gene is a gene which compensates the auxotrophic nature of the host cell, then a minimum medium free from the relevant nutrition is used to culture the cell into which the present transcription regulatory factor gene vector has been introduced.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene vector and a marker gene-carrying vector are made linear by a digestion with restriction enzymes, and then introduced as described above into a host cell, which is cultured usually for several weeks to screen for an intended transformant on the basis of the expression of the introduced marker gene.
• a transformant generated as a result of the introduction of a present transcription regulatory factor gene into a chromosome of a host cell by introducing a present transcription regulatory factor gene vector comprising as a marker gene a gene providing a resistance to a screening drug describe above into a host cell as described above, subculturing this cell for several weeks in a medium supplemented with the screening drug, and then incubating a selected drug resistance clone surviving as a colony in a pure culture manner.
• a standard genetic engineering method may be employed to prepare the genomic DNA of the cell, from which the presence of the present transcription regulatory factor gene is detected by a PCR using as a primer an oligonucleotide comprising a partial nucleotide sequence of the introduced present transcription regulatory factor gene or by a southern hybridization method using as a probe the introduced present transcription regulatory factor gene. Since such a transformant can be stored frozen and can be made viable upon any need of use, it allows the step for producing the transformant at every time of the experiment to be omitted, and allows the experiment to be conducted using a transformant whose characteristics and the handling condition for which are well established.
• a present transcription regulatory factor By culturing a transformant obtained as described above, a present transcription regulatory factor can be produced.
• a transformant described above when a transformant described above is a microorganism, this transformant can be cultured using any culture medium containing carbon sources, nitrogen sources, organic salts and inorganic salts, as appropriate, used in an ordinary culture of an ordinary microorganism.
• the culture can be conducted in accordance with a usual procedure for an ordinary microorganism, such as a solid culture, liquid culture (rotary shaking culture, reciprocal shaking culture, Jar Fermenter, tank culture and the like).
• the culture temperature and the pH of the medium may appropriately be selected from the range enabling the growth of the microorganisms, and the culture is conducted usually at a temperature of about 15° C. to about 40° C. at a pH of about 6 to about 8.
• the culture time period is usually about 1 day to about 5 days, although it may vary depending on various culture conditions.
• an expression vector comprising a promoter of a temperature shift type or an induction type such as an IPTG induction type
• the induction time is preferably within 1 day, usually several hours.
• a transformant described above is an animal cell such as an insect cell
• the transformant can be cultured using a culture medium employed in an ordinary culture of an ordinary cell when such a transformant was prepared using a screening drug, then the culture is conducted preferably in the presence of the relevant drug.
• the culture is conducted for example in a DMEM medium supplemented with FBS at the final concentration of 10% (v/v) (NISSUI and the like) at 37° C. in the presence of 5% CO 2 with replacing the culture medium with a fresh medium every several days.
• a PBS solution supplemented with trypsin for example at a concentration of about 0.25 (w/v) is added to disperse the culture into individual cells, which are subjected to a several-fold dilution and then inoculated to new dishes where they are further cultured.
• an insect cell culture medium such as a Grace's medium containing 10% (v/v) FBS and 2% (w/v) Yeastlate is employed to conduct the culture at a temperature of 25° C. to 35° C.
• a cell which tends to be peeled off from a dish easily such as a Sf21 cell can be dispersed by pipetting instead of using a trypsin solution, whereby continuing the subculture.
• the culture time period is preferably shorter than the time period allowing a cytoplasm effect to be evident to cause the cell death, for example up to 72 hours after the virus infection.
• a present transcription regulatory factor produced by a transformant described above can be recovered appropriately by a combination of ordinary isolation and purification methods, and a fraction containing the present transcription regulatory factor can be obtained by collecting the transformant cells by a centrifugation after completion of the culture, suspending the collected cells in an ordinary buffer solution, pelletizing the cells for example using Polytron, ultrasonic treatment, Dounce homogenizer and the like, and then centrifuging the pelletized cell fluid to recover the supernatant.
• a further purified present transcription regulatory factor can be recovered by subjecting the supernatant fraction described above to various chromatographic procedures such as ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography and the like.
• the purification can be accomplished by an affinity chromatography using a glutathione sepharose (Amersham Pharmacia).
• a present transcription regulatory factor thus produced can be employed as an immune antigen for producing an antibody which recognizes a present transcription regulatory factor or a polypeptide comprising its partial amino acid sequence, and can also be employed in an assay for screening for a substance which binds to the present transcription regulatory factor.
• a present transcription regulatory factor produced as described above is immunized in accordance with an immunological procedure described in Frederick M. Ausubel et al., Short Protocols in Molecular Biology 3nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, whereby producing an antibody which recognizes a present transcription regulatory factor or a polypeptide comprising its partial amino acid sequence. More typically and in one example, a present transcription regulatory factor as an antigen is mixed with a complete Freunds adjuvant to form an emulsion. The resultant emulsion is administered subcutaneously to a rabbit. After about 4 weeks, an antigen emulsified in an incomplete Freunds adjuvant is administered.
• the blood is sampled to obtain a serum fraction, the antibody titre of which against the present transcription regulatory factor is then verified.
• the resultant serum fraction having the antibody titre which recognizes the present transcription regulatory factor or a polypeptide comprising its partial amino acid sequence is fractionated in accordance for example with an ordinary ammonium sulfate sedimentation method, whereby obtaining an IgG which recognizes the present transcription regulatory factor or a polypeptide comprising its partial amino acid sequence.
• a polypeptide comprising a partial amino acid sequence of a present transcription regulatory factor is synthesized chemically and administered as an immune antigen to an animal, whereby producing an antibody which recognizes the present transcription regulatory factor or a polypeptide comprising its partial amino acid sequence.
• an amino acid sequence which has as a low homology as possible with the amino acid sequences of other proteins and which has many differences from the amino acid sequence of a present transcription regulatory factor possessed by an animal species to be immunized is selected for example from the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID Nos.1 to 3.
• a polypeptide having a length of 10 amino acids to 15 amino acids consisting of the selected amino acid sequence is synthesized chemically by a standard method and crosslinked for example with a carrier protein such as Limulus plyhemus hemocyanin using MBS and the like and then used to immunize an animal such as a rabbit as described above.
• a carrier protein such as Limulus plyhemus hemocyanin using MBS and the like
• an antibody recognizing a polypeptide comprising a present transcription regulatory factor or a partial amino acid sequence thereof can be produced.
• an assay method comprising the steps: (1) a first step for bringing a test substance into contact with a mammalian cell expressing a present transcription regulatory factor; and, (2) a second step, after the first step, for measuring the expression level of a marker protein gene present on the transcription regulatory factor-dependent neurocyte plasticising pathway in the mammalian cell or an index value correlating with the level; and a step for evaluating the ability possessed by the test substance based on the expression level (measured in the second step) or the index value correlating with the level can be employed.
• a difference is investigated by comparing the marker protein gene expression level or an index value (first measured value, second measured value) correlating with the level in the groups employing two or more different substances independently as test substances. Based on the difference thus obtained (difference between the first measured value and the second measured value), the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability possessed by the test substance described above is evaluated, whereby accomplishing the assay of the ability. Based on the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability thus evaluated, the substance is identified as a substance having the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability.
• a present transcription regulatory factor can be utilized in a method for effectively analyzing the expression level of a marker protein gene present on the transcription regulatory factor-dependent neurocyte plasticising pathway or an index value correlating with the level which is essential for assaying a present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability possessed by a substance.
• a mammalian cell employed in an assay method of the present invention may be a cell isolated from a tissue, or a cell forming a population having identical functions and morphology, or a cell present in the body of a mammal. It is also possible to use an extracted system of the cell mentioned above.
• the origin of the cell may for example be a mammal, typically human, monkey, cattle, rabbit, mouse, rat, hamster and the like.
• the concentration of a test substance to be brought into contact with a mammalian cell which expresses a present transcription regulatory factor may usually be about 0.1 ⁇ M to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably 1 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M.
• the time period during which the mammalian cell is in contact with the test substance is usually 10 minutes to 2 days, preferably several hours to 1 days.
• the environment in which a test substance is brought into contact with a mammalian cell mentioned above is preferably an environment allowing the viable activity of the mammalian cell to be maintained, for example an environment in which an energy source for the mammalian cell is coexisting.
• an environment in which an energy source for the mammalian cell is coexisting typically, it is convenient to perform a first step in a culture medium.
• a first step of an assay method of the present invention for example by bringing a test substance into contact with a transformed mammalian cell (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a present transformed mammalian cell) obtainable by introducing a gene comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the present amino acid sequence into the mammalian cell.
• a transformed mammalian cell hereinafter sometimes referred to as a present transformed mammalian cell
• the concentration of a test substance to be brought into contact with a present transformed mammalian cell may usually be about 0.1 ⁇ M o about 100 ⁇ M, preferably 1 ⁇ M to 50 M.
• the time period during which the transformed mammalian cell is in contact with the test substance is usually 10 minutes to 2 days.
• a present transformed mammalian cell can be prepared as follows.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene is inserted using an ordinary genetic engineering technology into a vector capable of being used in a mammalian cell into which the present transcription regulatory factor gene is introduced in such a manner it is connected to a promoter in an expressible form to form a plasmid.
• the promoter employed here may be one which is functional in the mammalian cell into which the present transcription regulatory factor gene is introduced, such as an SV40 virus promoter, cytomegalovirus promoter (CMV promoter), Raus sarcoma virus promoter (RSV promoter), ⁇ actin gene promoter and the like. It is also possible to use a commercially available vector containing any of these promoters upstream of the multiple cloning site.
• the plasmid is introduced into a mammalian cell.
• a method for such a introduction into the mammalian cell may for example be a calcium phosphate method, electroinduction, DEAE dextran method, micelle formation and the like.
• the calcium phosphate method may be a method described in Grimm, S. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 10923-10927
• the electroinduciton and DEAE dextran method may for example be those described in Ting, A. T. et al. EMBO J., 15, 6189-6196
• the micelle formation may for example be a method described in Hawkins, C. J. et al., Proc.
• a commercially available reagent such as Lipofectamine (Gibco) or Fugene (Boehringer) may be utilized.
• a mammalian cell which has been introduced with a plasmid described above is cultured in a medium providing a screening condition suitable to a screening marker gene for example by utilizing the screening marker gene which has previously been contained in vector, whereby screening for the transformed mammalian cell. It is also possible to screen further continuously to obtain the transformed mammalian cell which now became a stable transformed mammalian cell into whose chromosome the present transcription regulatory factor gene has been introduced.
• the genomic DNA of the cell may be produced in accordance with an ordinary genetic engineering technology and then the presence of the present transcription regulatory factor gene in the genomic DNA may be detected and identified by means of a PCR employing a DNA comprising a partial nucleotide sequence of the present transcription regulatory factor gene as a primer, or by a southern hybridization method employing a DNA comprising a partial nucleotide sequence of the present transcription regulatory factor gene as a probe.
• a present transformed mammalian cell may be prepared also from a transformed non-human animal tissue described below by an ordinary procedure.
• a method for measuring the expression level of a marker protein gene present on a present transcription regulatory factor-dependent neurocyte plasticising pathway or an index value correlating with the level may for example be:
• a method for measuring the level of the marker protein described above for example by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) employing an antibody which recognizes specifically the marker protein, an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting and the like;
• RIA radioimmunoassay
• ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
• the quantification of an mRNA in the procedure (2) described above may employ an ordinary method such as an RT-PCR or northern hybridization (for example see, J. Sambrook, E. F. Frisch, T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press).
• the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability of a substance mentioned above is evaluated.
• the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability possessed by a test substance can be assayed.
• an assay method of the present invention it is possible to use at least one of the two or more different substance described above as a substance which does not have a present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability (for example, solvent, test system solution serving as a background) whereby evaluating the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability possessed by any of the other test substances, and it is also possible to use the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability possessed by at least one of the two or more different substance described above as a standard for evaluating the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability of any of the other test substances.
• a present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability for example, solvent, test system solution serving as a background
• a measured value 1 the expression level of a marker protein gene relevant to a present transcription regulatory factor or an index value correlating with the level
• a measured value 2 the expression level of the marker protein gene or the index value correlating with the level observed in a mammalian cell without any contact between the present transcription regulatory factor and a test substance
• the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability may be determined as a % control using the measured values described above in accordance with the following equation.
• a substance having the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability may be selected based on the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability evaluated by an assay method of the present invention(a searching method of the present invention).
• a test substance whose absolute value of a % control indicating a present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability is a statistically significant value, preferably 30% or higher, more preferably 50% or higher, is selected as a substance having the present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability.
• the % control is a positive value
• the substance is selected as one having a promoting ability
• the substance is selected as one having an inhibiting ability when the % control is a negative value.
• Such a substance may be any substance such as a low molecular weight compound, protein (including antibody) or peptide, as long as it has a present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability.
• a substance searched for by a searching method of the present invention has a present neurocyte plasticity-controlling ability, and may be used as an active ingredient of a neurocyte plasticity regulator (for example, therapeutic agent against cognitive ability insufficiency and mental retardation).
• a neurocyte plasticity regulator for example, therapeutic agent against cognitive ability insufficiency and mental retardation.
• a neurocyte plasticity regulator containing as an active ingredient a substance selected by a searching method of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered at an effective dose orally or parenterally to a mammalian animal such as human.
• the inventive neurocyte plasticity regulator when administered orally can be given in an ordinary form such as a tablet, capsule, syrup and suspension.
• the inventive neurocyte plasticity regulator given parenterally it can be administered in an ordinary liquid form such as a solution, emulsion and suspension.
• a method for administering the inventive neurocyte plasticity regulator in a form described above parenterally may for example be an injection or a rectal administration of a suppository.
• Such a suitable dosage form can be produced by incorporating a substance selected by a searching method of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof into a pharmaceutically acceptable ordinary carrier, excipient, binder, stabilizer, diluent and the like.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable ordinary carrier excipient, binder, stabilizer, diluent and the like.
• the dosage may vary depending on the age and the sex of the mammalian subject, degree of the disease, type of the arteriosclerotic condition exacerbation factor secretion inhibitor, dosage form and the like, the oral dose is usually about 1 mg to about 2 g as an active ingredient per day in an adult, preferably about 5 mg to about 1 g, while the injection may be given at about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg as an active ingredient in an adult. Such a daily dose may be given all at once or in several portions.
• a disease indicated for an inventive neurocyte plasticity regulator may for example be a senile cognition insufficiency, mental retardation and Alzheimer-related cognition insufficiency.
• the present invention also provides a utilization of a present transcription regulatory factor gene for promoting the expression of a marker protein gene present on a present transcription regulatory factor-dependent neurocyte plasticising pathway in a mammalian cell by means of providing the present transcription regulatory factor gene in the mammalian cell as an exogenous gene in a position enabling the expression in the cell.
• Such a mammalian cell may for example be a cell derived from a mammal such as human, monkey, mouse, rat, hamster and the like. Such a cell may be a cell which constitutes a population having identical functions and morphologies, or a cell present in the body of said mammalian animal.
• a range from a human receiving a so called gene therapy to a cell line employed in various experiments is contemplated, while when the mammalian animal is a non-human animal then a range from a non-human animal receiving a so called gene therapy to an animal model or a cell line employed in various experiments is contemplated.
• a preferred species is rat, mouse and the like.
• a mammalian cell is a cell in the body of a mammalian animal which can be diagnosed to suffer from a disease accompanied with a mental retardation or from Alzheimer's disease can be exemplified as a more typical case.
• a method for preparing a DNA encoding a present transcription regulatory factor may be prepared in accordance with a method equivalent to that described above.
• a transformant is prepared as described below, whereby obtaining a transformant in which said DNA is provided in a position which enables its expression in the mammalian cell.
• the phrase “provided in a position enabling the expression” means that a DNA molecule is placed in the position adjacent to a DNA sequence directing the transcription and the translation of its nucleotide sequence (i.g., promoting the production of a present transcription regulatory factor or its RNA molecule).
• the expression level of the present transcription regulatory factor gene may be any level which is sufficient to promote the expression of a marker protein gene when compared with a cell into which no present transcription regulatory factor gene has been introduced.
• the present transcription regulatory factor gene may be a DNA encoding the entire or a part of the present transcription regulatory factor.
• a gene construct employed for introducing a present transcription regulatory factor gene into a mammalian cell may employ a virus vector having an affinity to the mammalian cell to which said DNA is to be introduced, such as a retrovirus vector, adenovirus vector, adeno-associated virus vector or others.
• Said DNA may be placed under the control of a promoter which allows a present transcription regulatory factor gene to be expressed constitutively.
• a DNA may also be placed under the control of a promoter which regulates the expression of a present transcription regulatory factor gene via an environmental stimulation.
• said DNA may be expressed using a tissue-specific or cell type-specific promoter or a promoter which is activated by a chemical signal or exogenous signal such as a drug or by the introduction of a drug.
• a present gene construct is applied (for example by an infusion) to the site where an underexpression of a maker protein gene described above is expected, it may be applied to a tissue near the site where an event such as an underexpression of a maker protein gene described above is expected or to a vessel supplying to the cell assumed to undergo an underexpression of a maker protein gene described above.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene can be directed by an appropriate promoter (for example, a promoter of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), simian virus 40 (SV40) or metallothionein and the like), and may also be regulated by an appropriate mammalian animal regulatory factor.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene can be expressed if necessary using an enhancer known to direct predominantly to the expression of the DNA in a neurocyte.
• an enhancer may be any enhancer whose expression is characterized to be specific to a tissue or cell.
• a clone of a present transcription regulatory factor gene (genomic DNA) is employed as a gene construct [for example, a clone of a present transcription regulatory factor gene (genomic DNA) isolated by the hybridization with a present transcription regulatory factor gene (cDNA) described above], the regulation can be accomplished also via a cognate regulatory sequence, if necessary together with a regulatory sequence derived from an heterologous source containing any promoter or regulatory element described above.
• an expression promoting method described above When an expression promoting method described above is applied as a method for a gene therapy, it can be used by a direct administration of the present transcription regulatory factor gene into a cell. While the gene which may be employed may be any gene which has been produced or isolated by a standard method, a most convenient production can be accomplished by an in vivo transcription employing the present transcription regulatory factor gene under the control of a highly efficient promoter (for example, human cytomegalovirus promoter). The administration of the present transcription regulatory factor gene can be conducted by any of the direct nucleic acid administration methods described above.
• An expression promoting method described above can be applied also as a gene therapy method in which a normal gene is implanted into a diseased cell of a patient.
• the normal present transcription regulatory factor gene is transfected into the cell which is exogenous or endogenous to the patient and which can be cultured. Then, the transfected cell is infused serologically into a target tissue.
• the production of a present transcription regulatory factor by all technologies for the gene therapy gives an intracellular level of the present transcription regulatory factor which is at least equal to a normal intracellular level of the present transcription regulatory factor in a non-diseased cell.
• a method for introducing a present transcription regulatory factor gene in the production of a transformed mouse may for example be a microinjection method, a method employing a retrovirus, a method employing an embryonic stem cell (ES cell) and the like. Among those listed above, the microinjection method is employed most frequently.
• the microinjection method employs a micromanipulator to infuse a solution containing the relevant DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized ovum under the observation by a microscope.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene is infused into a fertilized ovum.
• it is preferably to remove the vector region employed for isolating this DNA as much as possible, to remove an AU-rich region contributing to the instabilization of a mRNA and to make the DNA linear for the purpose of integrating the DNA into a chromosome at a high probability, it is also preferable to insert an intron previously into the DNA, and such an intron may for example be a ⁇ -globin intron and the like.
• a fertilized ovum is obtained from a mouse of a line suitable for the purpose.
• An inbred C57BL/6 mouse or C3H mouse, a cross line of the C57BL/6 mouse with another line (such as (C57BL/6 ⁇ DBA/2) F1), a non-inbred line ICR mouse may be exemplified.
• the fertilized ovum is obtained by mating a female mouse whose superovulation is induced by intraperitoneal administration of both of a pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and chorionic gonadotropin with a male mouse followed by isolating the ovum from this female mouse.
• the isolated fertilized ovum is placed in a culture drop, which is maintained in a CO 2 gas incubator, whereby enabling the storage until the infusion of the relevant DNA.
• the infusion of the DNA is conducted under the observation with an inverted microscope fitted with a micromanipulator.
• a fertilized ovum employed is preferably one in a developmental stage of the time when the male pronucleus becomes larger than the female pronucleus through the time-when the both pronuclei are fused with each other.
• the fertilized ovum is fixed, and a DNA solution containing the relevant DNA is infused into the male pronucleus of the fertilized ovum.
• This DNA solution can be prepared as a complex if necessary.
• a substance used for forming a complex may for example be a liposome, calcium phosphate, retrovirus and the like.
• the infusion of the DNA solution is evident from the swelling of the male pronucleus.
• the amount of the DNA infused may for example be an amount containing about 200 to about 3,000 copies of the relevant DNA.
• a fertilized ovum into which a present transcription regulatory factor gene has been infused is then cultured as described above until it becomes a blastocyst, which is then implanted into the uterus of a surrogate mother.
• the ovum is implanted into the oviduct of the surrogate mother immediately after the infusion of the DNA.
• the surrogate mother is preferably a female mouse in a pseudo-pregnant female mouse after mating with a male mouse whose seminal duct has been ligated.
• the relevant female mouse is excised at the back skin and muscle near the kidneys to take the ovaries, oviducts and uterus out, and the ovarian membrane is opened to search for the oviduct opening. Then a surviving fertilized ovum after infusing the relevant DNA is imported from the oviduct opening, and then the ovaries, oviducts and uterus are returned into the abdominal cavity, and then the muscle coats are sutured and the skin is clipped. After about 20 days, a neonate is born.
• a part of the somatic tissue of the neonate thus obtained is cut out as a sample, from which DNAs are extracted and subjected for example to a southern blotting, whereby identifying the relevant DNA.
• a PCR may also be employed for identification.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene as an active ingredient of a present transcription regulatory factor gene therapy agent may be prepared as described above, it can be employed in the form of a recombinant vector or recombinant virus containing the relevant DNA.
• a form may for example be a virus vector such as a retrovirus vector, adenovirus vector, adeno-associated virus vector, herpes simplex virus vector, SV40 vector, polyoma virus vector, papilloma virus vector, picornavirus vector and vaccinia virus vector and the like.
• an AdEasy Kit produced by QUANTUM is employed to integrate a present transcription regulatory factor gene into a multiple cloning site of a Transfer Vector, and the resultant recombinant vector is made linear, and then transformed into a coliform microorganism together with a pAdEasy vector, and a homologous recombinant DNA is integrated into a human 293A cell, whereby producing a recombinant virus containing the present transcription regulatory factor gene, which is then recovered and used.
• a non-viral vector such as a plasmid DNA comprising a human cytomegalovirus promoter region.
• a use of a plasmid DNA is extremely beneficial in a system where the present transcription regulatory factor gene is delivered locally using a non-viral vector.
• a non-viral vector can be introduced by means of a) direct infusion, b) liposome-mediated introduction, c) cell transfection by calcium phosphate method, electroporation and DEAE-dextran method, d) polybrene-mediated delivery, e) protoplast fusion, f) microinjection, g) introduction using polylysine and the like.
• a present transcription regulatory factor gene therapy agent can be given at an effective dose parenterally to a mammalian animal such as a human.
• a parenteral administration can be accomplished for example by an injection (subcutaneous, intravenosu) as described above.
• a suitable dosage form described above can be produced by incorporating a present transcription regulatory factor gene (including vector form, virus form, plasmid form of the present transcription regulatory factor gene) into a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an aqueous solvent, non-aqueous solvent, buffering agent, solubilizing aid, osmotic agent, stabilizer and the like.
• auxiliary agents such as a preservative, suspending agent, emulsifier and the like may also be added.
• the dose may vary depending on the age, sex, body weight of a mammalian animal to be treated, the type of a present fat accumulation inhibitor, and the dosage form, it is usually an amount of an active ingredient which gives an intracellular level of a present transcription regulatory factor which is equal to a level allowing the present transcription regulatory factor to act effectively in the cell of the patient.
• the daily dose described above may be given all at once or in portions.
• Polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide-sequences represented by SEQ ID NO.7 (aagcacggag gaggaagccg ccggtgcgtc gggac) and 8 (ggagagcggc tccacgtctt gatgacaata tgcca) were synthesized using a DNA synthesizer (Applied Biosystems Model 394).
• 10 ng of a mouse Brain cDNA library (#10655-017, Gibco BRL) was employed together with the polynucleotides described above as primers whereby effecting a PCR.
• each 10 pmol of the polynucleotide described above was added to 50 ⁇ l of the reaction solution, and an LA-Taq polymerase (Takara) and a buffer attached to the kit containing this enzyme were employed.
• the PCR reaction solution was incubated using a PCR system 9700 (Applied Biosystems) and subjected to 35 cycles, each cycle consisting of an incubation for 1 minutes at 95° C. followed by 3 minutes at 68° C.
• the DNA (about 1 ⁇ g) which was recovered as described above was mixed with a pGEM T easy vector (Promega) (10 ng), and combined with a T4 DNA ligase to effect a reaction, whereby obtaining a pGEM-mNXF.
• the nucleotide sequence of the resultant pGEM-mNXF was determined using an ABI Model 3700 autosequencer by a dye terminator method. The determined nucleotide sequence was compared with the nucleotide sequence obtained by the direct sequencing described above, and it was confirmed that the nucleotide sequence in the translation region exhibited a complete agreement.
• a plasmid for expressing a full length present transcription regulatory factor in a mammalian cell (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a present expression plasmid) was prepared as described below.
• the direction of the insertion fragment in relation with the multiple cloning site of the pGEM-mNXF obtained in EXAMPLE 1 was in such a construction that the Sp6 promoter of a commercial pGEM vector was positioned upstream of the initiation codon.
• this pGEM-mNXF (1 ⁇ g) was employed as a template together with the oligonucleotide primers represented by SEQ ID Nos.11 and 12 (primer pair: forward primer 5′-gggcgctgcagcccagccatgtaccgatccaccaaggg-3′, reverse primer 5′-aatctcggcgttgatctggt-3′) to effect a PCR using a KODplus polymerase (TOYOBO), whereby a partial DNA fragment of the present transcription regulatory factor gene into which a Kozac sequence (5′CCAGCCACC-3′) immediately before the initiation codon of the present transcription regulatory factor gene and a PstI restriction enzyme site upstream thereof had been introduced.
• a KODplus polymerase TOYOBO
• PCR conditions employed 35 cycles, each cycle involving an incubation at 95° C. for 1 minute followed by 55° C. for 30 seconds followed by 72° C. for 1 minute.
• the amplified DNA fragment thus obtained was cleaved with PstI and BssHII, and subjected to a low melting point agarose gel electrophoresis (NusieveGTG agarose; FMCbio), whereby accomplishing the purification and recovery.
• the DNA fragment thus purified and recovered was used as an insert fragment as described below.
• a vector GEM-mNXF which had been cleaved with PstI and BssHII and then SAP-treated was subjected to a low melting point agarose gel electrophoresis (Agarose L, Nippon Gene) to recover a DNA fragment.
• the recovered DNA fragment (0.1 ⁇ g) was ligated with the insert fragment (0.5 ⁇ g) described above using a T4 Ligase to obtain a pGEM-mNXF kozac into which a Kozac sequence (5′CCAGCCACC-3′) had been introduced immediately before the initiation codon of the present protein gene derived from a mouse.
• the nucleotide sequence of the insert fragment was verified to be correct using a DNA sequencer (Model 3700; PE biosystems).
• this pGEM-mNXF kozac was cleaved simultaneously with 3 enzymes PstI, NotI and ScaI, and then subjected to a low melting point agarose electrophoresis to recover an about 2.5 kbp of an mNXF kozac PstI-NotI DNA fragment.
• the recovered DNA fragment was imparted with a blunt end using a T4 polymerase and then used as an insert fragment.
• This vector (0.1 ⁇ g) was ligated with the insert fragment (0.5 ⁇ g) described above using a T4 Ligase to obtain (a) a pRC/RSV-mNXFsense which is a plasmid expressing the sense strand of the mNXF kozac under the control of the RSV promoter and (2) a pRC/RVS-mNXFantisense which is a plasmid expressing the antisense strand of the mNXF kozac under the control of the RSV promoter. Whether the prepared plasmid was the desired plasmid or not was checked by investigating the nucleotide sequence of the margin between the vector and the inserted fragment.
• RNA yield was 23 ⁇ g when using the plasmid (a) (i.e., pRC/RSV-mNXFsense) and 26 ⁇ g when using the plasmid (b) (i.e., pRC/RSV-mNXFantisense).
• the commercial kit described above and the RNA obtained were employed as a starting material for radiolabeling each RNA with [ ⁇ -P 32 )-dATP (Amersham Pharmacia) using specific primers and reverse transcriptases contained in the commercial kit.
• the radiolabeled RNA hereinafter referred to as a probe
• the hybridization reaction was conducted using a commercial kit of a nylon membrane having various genes blotted thereon (Atlas cDNA Expression array-Neurobiology; 7736-1, Clontech) together with the hybridization buffers attached thereto.
• the hybridization employed a 18-hour reaction of (a) a nylon membrane corresponding to the probe derived from a pRC-RSV-mNXFsense-introduced cell and (b) a nylon membrane corresponding to the probe derived from a pRC-RSV-mNXFantisense-introduced cell each in an identical incubator under an identical condition.
• the nylon membrane was washed with 2 ⁇ SSC, 1% SDS buffer (68° C., 30 minutes). This procedure was repeated 4 times, and then a further washing was made with 0.1 ⁇ SSC, 0.5% SDS buffer (68° C., 30 minutes).
• Each nylon membrane was wrapped with a plastic film, exposed to an IP plate (FUJI FILM) for 7 days, and subjected to an image analyzer (BASstation; FUJI FILM) to quantify and compare the intensity of a probe hybridization signal corresponding to each of various genes on the nylon membrane.
• IP plate FUJI FILM
• BASstation FUJI FILM
• the hybridization signal to the EphA1 gene on (a) the nylon membrane corresponding to the probe derived from a pRC-RSV-mNXFsense-introduced cell was significantly more intense than that on (b) the nylon membrane corresponding to the probe derived from a pRC-RSV-mNXFantisense-introduced cell.
• the present transcription regulatory factor was verified to have an ability of promoting the expression of the EphA1.
• RNA yield was 23 ⁇ g when using the plasmid (a) (i.e., pRC/RSV-mNXFsense) and 26 ⁇ g when using the plasmid (b) (i.e., pRC/RSV-mNXFantisense).
• the commercial kit described above and the RNA obtained were employed as a starting material for radiolabeling each RNA with [ ⁇ -P 32 ]-dATP (Amersham Pharmacia) using specific primers and reverse transcriptases contained in the commercial kit.
• the radiolabeled RNA hereinafter referred to as a probe
• the hybridization reaction was conducted using a commercial kit of a nylon membrane having various genes blotted thereon (Atlas cDNA Expression array-Neurobiology; 7736-1, Clontech) together with the hybridization buffers attached thereto the hybridization employed a 18-hour reaction of (a) a nylon membrane corresponding to the probe derived from a pRC-RSV-mNXFsense-introduced cell and (b) a nylon membrane corresponding to the probe derived from a pRC-RSV-mNXFantisense-introduced cell each in an identical incubator under an identical condition. After the reaction, the nylon membrane was washed with 2 ⁇ SSC, 1% SDS buffer (68° C., 30 minutes).
• the hybridization signal to the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor gene on (a) the nylon membrane corresponding to the probe derived from a pRC-RSV-mNXFsense-introduced cell was significantly less intense than that on (b) the nylon membrane corresponding to the probe derived from a pRC-RSV-mNXFantisense-introduced cell.
• the present transcription regulatory factor was verified to have an ability of inhibiting the expression of the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor.
• the pRC/RSV-mNXFsense-introduced cells prepared in EXAMPLE 2 are cultured in a 10% FBS-supplemented DMEM medium (NISSUI SEIYAKU) at 37° C. in the presence of 5% CO 2 in a petri dish (Falcon) whose diameter is about 10 cm. On the next day, the cultured cells are dispersed by a trypsin treatment, washed twice with an FBS-free DMEM medium, and then dispersed again in the DMEM medium.
• FBS-supplemented DMEM medium NISSUI SEIYAKU
• Falcon petri dish
• the dispersed cells are inoculated at 10 6 cells/well in a 6-well plate to which (a) a culture medium supplemented only with DMSO or (b) a culture medium supplemented with a test substance dissolved at a varying concentration in DMSO has previously been added.
• the cells in this plate are cultured at 37° C. for about 24 hours, and then the culture medium is discarded from the plate, and the cells are washed with PBS ( ⁇ ), and then the total RNA is extracted from each well using Isogen (NIPPON GENE).
• RNA thus extracted is employed as a starting material to produce a single-stranded cDNA using an oligodT (Amersham Pharmacia) and a Reverse transcriptase (Superscript II, Gibco etc.). Then this single-stranded cDNA is employed as a template to perform a PCR using a LA-Taq (Takara) together with a combination of the forward primers (SEQ ID Nos.13 to 17) and the reverse primers (SEQ ID Nos.18 to 22) listed below.
• the PCR employs 30 cycles, each cycle being performed at 95° C. for 1 minute followed by 68° C. for 1 minute.
• the amount of the mRNA of the EphA 1 present in the total RNA is thus calculated and the amount of the mRNA of the EphA 1 in the total RNA extracted from the cells cultured in the culture medium supplemented only with DMSO is compared with the amount of the mRNA of the EphA 1 in the RNA extracted from the cells cultured in the culture medium supplemented with any of various test substances, thereby assaying and evaluating the ability to control the neurocyte plasticity dependent on the present transcription regulatory factor possessed by the test substance. Based on the results, desired substances are selected.
• the amount of the mRNA of the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor present in the total RNA is thus calculated and the amount of the mRNA of the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor in the total RNA extracted from the cells cultured in the culture medium supplemented only with DMSO is compared with the amount of the mRNA of the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor in the total RNA extracted from the cells cultured in the culture medium supplemented with any of various test substances, whereby assaying and evaluating the ability to control the neurocyte plasticity dependent on the present transcription regulatory factor possessed by the test substance. Based on the results, desired substances are selected.
• a method for assaying an ability to control a neurocyte plasticity which is essential for searching for a substance used for controlling the neurocyte plasticity in a mammalian cell can for example be provided.

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