US20040056001A1 - Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes - Google Patents

Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040056001A1
US20040056001A1 US10/253,099 US25309902A US2004056001A1 US 20040056001 A1 US20040056001 A1 US 20040056001A1 US 25309902 A US25309902 A US 25309902A US 2004056001 A1 US2004056001 A1 US 2004056001A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rim
folded rim
members
folded
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/253,099
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English (en)
Inventor
Venkatasubramanian Ananthanarayanan
Desra Herbst
Dharmendra Ramachandra
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Technologies Inc filed Critical Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority to US10/253,099 priority Critical patent/US20040056001A1/en
Assigned to DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. reassignment DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ANANTHANARAYANAN, VENKATASUBRAMANIAN, HERBST, DESRA N., RAMACHANDRA, DHARMENDRA M.
Priority to AU2003261292A priority patent/AU2003261292A1/en
Priority to BR0313518-7A priority patent/BR0313518A/pt
Priority to PCT/US2003/023701 priority patent/WO2004028730A1/en
Priority to JP2004539816A priority patent/JP4405922B2/ja
Priority to EP03798680.9A priority patent/EP1545824B1/de
Publication of US20040056001A1 publication Critical patent/US20040056001A1/en
Priority to US10/914,837 priority patent/US7323653B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/08—Seam welding not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
    • B23K11/093—Seam welding not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups for curved planar seams
    • B23K11/0935—Seam welding not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups for curved planar seams of tube sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/3009—Pressure electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/3081—Electrodes with a seam contacting part shaped so as to correspond to the shape of the bond area, e.g. for making an annular bond without relative movement in the longitudinal direction of the seam between the electrode holder and the work

Definitions

  • This invention relates to metallurgy, and more particularly to a method for metallurgically joining two members.
  • Resistance welding of a first metal member to a second metal member is a known metallurgical process wherein the first and second metal members are heated by their own electrical resistance to a semi-fused or a fused state by the passage of very heavy electrical currents through the members for very short lengths of time, and are then welded together, by forcing the first and second members together under pressure while the welding current is applied across the members.
  • Resistance welding has many advantages in efficiently and effectively providing consistently reliable welds in high-volume manufacturing operations, when compared to alternative brazing or welding methods using gas torches or electrical arcs.
  • the second member is partially disposed through the hole in the first member with the flange of first member projecting away from the rim of the second member, and applying clamping pressure and electrical current through electrodes to form a weld, wherein after the weld is created, the rim of the second member is seated on the first member at the first longitudinal end of the through hole.
  • the method may be used for second members fitting into the hole in the first member with either an interference or a non-interference fit between the first and second members.
  • the electrodes may be used for longitudinally compressing the transversely-projecting solid annular rim, and transversely compressing the longitudinally projecting flange during the welding process to achieve a fit tight enough for a high quality resistance weld to be made at the interface between the first and second members.
  • Our invention provides such an improved method for resistance welding of thin-walled sheet metal tubes and similar shaped members, through utilization of a folded rim on one of the members that defines an air gap inside the folded rim.
  • the folded rim is forced against the other member under sufficient pressure to flatten the folded rim to a point that there remains substantially no air gap inside the folded rim, and the members are resistance welded together.
  • thin-walled sheet metal tubes and similar shaped members can be welded together with significantly less need for a close pre-weld fit between the members than was required in prior methods for joining such thin walled members.
  • Our invention may also be used with members of non-annular shape.
  • the folded rim on the first of the two members, and the second member may define faying surfaces, with the air gap inside the folded rim extending generally parallel to the faying surfaces of the members.
  • the method may further comprise forcing the faying surfaces of the folded rim and second member against one another by applying pressure through the folded rim in a direction generally perpendicular to the faying surfaces.
  • the first and second members may define a juncture between one another, intersecting and extending from the faying surfaces, and the method may further include engaging the folded rim of the first member with a first electrode having a portion thereof extending beyond the folded rim, and applying pressure against the folded rim with the first electrode in a first direction generally perpendicular to the faying surfaces.
  • the second member is engaged with a second electrode, and pressure is applied against the second member with the second electrode in a direction opposite the first direction.
  • An electrical current may then be applied between the electrodes for resistance heating of the first and second members, and the first electrode moved toward the second electrode, while resistance welding together the first and second members, to a point where the portion of the first electrode extending beyond the folded rim contacts the second member.
  • Pressure and electrical current may be continued after the portion of the first electrode extending beyond the folded rim contacts the second member, to thereby continue resistance heating of the juncture and force a portion of the material from the melted folded rim to flow into the juncture between the first and second members for welding them together.
  • Pressure and a first level of electrical current flow through the first and second members may be continued for a first period of time for softening the rim by electrical resistance heating and causing the softened rim to deform against the second member.
  • a second level of electrical current higher than the first level of current may then be applied for a second period of time sufficient to at least partially melt the folded rim and form a deformation resistance weld between the first and second member.
  • the method may further include applying the second level of electrical current for a period of time sufficient to substantially completely melt the folded rim.
  • the first and second members may define a juncture thereof intersecting and extending from the faying surfaces, and the pressure and electrical current at the second level are maintained for a period of time sufficient for a portion of the material from the melted folded rim to flow into the juncture and weld together the first and second members.
  • FIGS. 1A through 1C are progressive cross sections of an exemplary embodiment of welded joint between two tubes joined co-linearly end-to-end through the use of folded rim, by the method of our invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section of an exemplary embodiment of welded joint between two tubes joined end-to-end, at an angle to one another, by the method of our invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section showing a small tube welded to a large tube, by the method of our invention, with the axis of the smaller tube oriented perpendicularly to the axis of the larger tube;
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show two tubes of similar diameter joined to form a tee junction, by the method of our invention, with additional forming operations used in conjunction with the folded rim of our invention to provide an oval end on one tube and localized flattening the wall of the second tube;
  • FIG. 5 shows an application of our method in a joint having a non-tubular member in the form of a flat stamping having a folded rim, welded into a slot in a tube, according to our invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a U-shaped channel having a folded rim, welded to a tube having a locally flattened area with a notch for receiving the end of the channel and the folded rim, according to our invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a butt welded joint, according to our invention, between a first member having a folded rim and a second member.
  • FIGS. 1 A through FIG. 1C sequentially depict an exemplary embodiment of our invention for joining a second thin-walled sheet metal member, in the form of a second tube 12 , to a first thin-walled sheet metal member, in the form of a first tube 10 , by a process that we call “deformation resistance welding.”
  • the second tube 12 defines a longitudinal axis 14 , and an inside and an outside surface 16 , 18 of the second tube 12 .
  • the lower axial end, as oriented in FIGS. 1 - 3 , of the second tube 12 is formed outward to form an annular shaped flange 20 extending generally transversely to the longitudinal axis 14 .
  • the first tube 10 includes an annular wall 22 having inside and outside surfaces 24 , 26 , with a portion of the annular wall 22 being shaped to form a folded rim 28 extending radially outward from the outer surface 26 of the first tube 10 in a generally transverse direction to the longitudinal axis 14 .
  • the inner surface 24 of the wall 22 of the first tube 10 defines an air gap 30 inside of the folded rim 28 .
  • the upper end, as shown in FIGS. 1 - 3 , of the first tube 10 includes a piloting portion 32 thereof extending longitudinally from the folded rim 28 , for insertion into the open end of the second tube 12 inside of the annular flange 20 .
  • the lower surface of the annular flange 20 of the second member 10 and the upper surface of the folded rim 28 respectively define faying (i.e. mating) surfaces 34 , 36 thereof.
  • the air gap 30 inside the folded rim 28 extends in a direction generally parallel to the faying surfaces 34 , 36 , both prior to and after resistance welding the first and second tubes 10 , 12 together.
  • the folded rim 28 is forced against the annular flange 20 by engaging the folded rim 28 with a first electrode 38 , and applying pressure against the folded rim 28 with the first electrode 38 in a first direction generally perpendicular to the faying surfaces 34 , 36 , while simultaneously engaging the annular flange 20 second member 12 with a second electrode 40 , and applying pressure against the flange 20 with the second electrode 40 in a direction opposite the first direction.
  • the folded rim 28 is flattened by applying sufficient pressure through the electrodes 38 , 40 , and moving at least one of the first and second electrodes 38 , 40 toward the other electrode 38 , 40 , while resistance welding together the first and second tubes 10 , 12 , by applying an electrical current between the electrodes 38 , 40 for resistance heating of the first and second members 10 , 12 to a temperature that a metallurgical bond is formed at the faying surfaces 34 , 36 and between the portion of the inner surface 24 within the flattened folded rim 28 .
  • the space formed between the faying surfaces 34 , 36 of the first and second members 10 , 12 defines a juncture 42 between the members 10 , 12 that may be either a tight press fit, or be a looser fit to provide a small gap between the faying surfaces 34 , 36 .
  • the length of time that current is maintained at the second level for resistance welding of the juncture 42 will depend upon the degree of melting that is desired for a particular joint.
  • the first electrode 38 includes a portion 44 thereof that extends radially beyond the folded rim, in such a manner that the portion 44 of the first electrode 38 extending beyond the folded rim 28 contacts the flange 20 second member 12 , as pressure and movement of the electrodes are continued during the deformation resistance welding process.
  • first level of electrical current applied during forming of the folded rim 28 may be approximately half of the second level of current applied during welding, and that the first and second periods of time may be substantially the same duration. It may also be desirable for some materials to pulse the current during either or both of the forming and welding operations.
  • the specific current levels and heating periods will, of course, vary dependent upon factors including the joint configuration, the materials used for the members, and the physical shape and thickness of the members, as is illustrated by the following examples:
  • SHAPE Tubular members .125 inches inside diameter THICKNESS: .050 inch wall thickness
  • FORMING CURRENT 3-4 thousand amps; pulsed for 5-10 cycles at 60 Hz.
  • FORMING PRESSURE 300 pounds force WELDING CURRENT: 6-8 thousand amps; pulsed for 5-10 cycles at 60 Hz.
  • WELDING PRESSURE 300 pounds force
  • SHAPE Tubular members 4-5 inches inside diameter THICKNESS: .125 inch wall thickness FORMING CURRENT: 60 to 75 thousand amps; for 1 second FORMING PRESSURE: 800 to 1000 pounds force WELDING CURRENT: 125 to 150 thousand amps for one second WELDING PRESSURE: 800 to 1000 pounds force
  • our invention may be practiced in many arrangements, within the scope of our invention, other than the exemplary embodiments specifically described thus far.
  • our method may be utilized for joining two tubes 10 , 12 , end-to-end as described above, but at an angle as shown in FIG. 2, rather than co-linearly as was the case in the joint shown in FIGS. 1 A- 1 C.
  • a small tube 10 is welded to a large tube 12 , with the axis 44 of the smaller tube 10 oriented perpendicularly to the axis 14 of the larger tube 12 .
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show two tubes 10 , 12 of similar diameter joined to form a tee junction.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B also illustrate an example of a joint having additional forming operations, specifically forming an oval end on one tube 10 and locally flattening the wall of the second tube 12 , used in conjunction with the folded rim 28 to form a deformation resistance weld according to our invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flat stamping 46 having a folded rim 28 , welded into a slot 48 in a tube 50 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a U-shaped channel 52 having a folded rim 28 , welded to a tube 54 having a locally flattened area 56 with an notch 58 for receiving the end of the channel 52 and the folded rim 28 .
  • our invention may also be used for butt welding a first member 60 having a folded rim 28 to a second member 62 , without the use of a piloting portion 32 of the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 1A through 1C.
  • our invention may be utilized with virtually any metal that can be resistance welded, including steel and aluminum.
  • Our invention may be practiced with either AC welding equipment, or DC welding equipment of either polarity.
  • Our invention may also be practiced using fluxing or filler materials added as plating on the faying surfaces, or in other forms, to facilitate completing the weld.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US10/253,099 2002-09-24 2002-09-24 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes Abandoned US20040056001A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/253,099 US20040056001A1 (en) 2002-09-24 2002-09-24 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes
AU2003261292A AU2003261292A1 (en) 2002-09-24 2003-07-30 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes
BR0313518-7A BR0313518A (pt) 2002-09-24 2003-07-30 Método para unir um segundo componente a um primeiro componente
PCT/US2003/023701 WO2004028730A1 (en) 2002-09-24 2003-07-30 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes
JP2004539816A JP4405922B2 (ja) 2002-09-24 2003-07-30 金属シート、管及び類似の形状部材の変形抵抗溶接方法
EP03798680.9A EP1545824B1 (de) 2002-09-24 2003-07-30 Verformungswiderstandsschweissen von blech, rohren und ähnlichen formen
US10/914,837 US7323653B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2004-08-10 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/253,099 US20040056001A1 (en) 2002-09-24 2002-09-24 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/914,837 Continuation US7323653B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2004-08-10 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes

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US20040056001A1 true US20040056001A1 (en) 2004-03-25

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US10/253,099 Abandoned US20040056001A1 (en) 2002-09-24 2002-09-24 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes
US10/914,837 Expired - Lifetime US7323653B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2004-08-10 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/914,837 Expired - Lifetime US7323653B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2004-08-10 Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes

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US (2) US20040056001A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1545824B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4405922B2 (de)
AU (1) AU2003261292A1 (de)
BR (1) BR0313518A (de)
WO (1) WO2004028730A1 (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040035833A1 (en) * 2002-08-22 2004-02-26 Venkatasubramanian Ananthanarayanan Method for metallurgically joining a tube to a member
US20050194360A1 (en) * 2003-05-06 2005-09-08 Delphi Technologies Inc. Method for resistance welding/brazing a tube to a member
US20060006147A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Ananthanarayanan Venkatasubram Method for welding heat exchanger tube to tubesheet
US20060006148A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Ananthanarayanan Venkatasubram Welding apparatus for resistance welding heat exchanger tube to tubesheet
US20060016788A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-01-26 Suhre Ryan J Method for welding employing current
US20070261786A1 (en) * 2006-05-09 2007-11-15 Pei-Chung Wang Method for attaching intersecting tubes
US20070272077A1 (en) * 2006-05-24 2007-11-29 Genie Industries, Inc. Linear actuator assembly
US20080105498A1 (en) * 2006-06-12 2008-05-08 Genie Industries, Inc. Joint assembly and related methods
US20110104511A1 (en) * 2009-11-04 2011-05-05 Mazda Motor Corporation Method of bonding metallic members, and metallic bonded body
US20120103942A1 (en) * 2008-10-22 2012-05-03 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method for manufacturing a tubular frame structure with stand alone node
US20120294671A1 (en) * 2010-01-27 2012-11-22 Alexander Dietrich Method for connecting a shaft and a hub and shaft-hub arrangement
CN103521904A (zh) * 2013-10-10 2014-01-22 大连三洋压缩机有限公司 一种电阻焊接方法
WO2015123311A1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-20 Magna International Inc. Method of joining dissimilar materials
US10456850B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2019-10-29 Magna International Inc. Joining of dissimilar materials

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US20040056001A1 (en) 2002-09-24 2004-03-25 Delphi Technologies Inc. Deformation resistance welding of sheet metal, tubes, and similar shapes
US7823918B2 (en) * 2007-08-28 2010-11-02 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Inflators and method for manufacturing inflators
BR102012017279B1 (pt) * 2012-07-12 2019-02-12 Embraco Indústria De Compressores E Soluções Em Refrigeração Ltda Dispositivo e processo de conformação e soldagem simultânea de tubos conectores para compressores
CN102909470B (zh) * 2012-10-19 2015-12-09 东莞市金瑞五金制品有限公司 一种实现铜与铁焊接的生产工艺
JP6207829B2 (ja) * 2012-11-06 2017-10-04 ユニプレス株式会社 燃料タンクにおけるフィラーパイプへのブリーザパイプ接続構造の製造方法
CN106270992A (zh) * 2016-09-02 2017-01-04 广州亨龙智能装备股份有限公司 消防瓶电阻焊工艺

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Cited By (31)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6998560B2 (en) 2002-08-22 2006-02-14 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method for metallurgically joining a tube to a member
US20040035504A1 (en) * 2002-08-22 2004-02-26 Venkatasubramanian Ananthanarayanan Method for joining a tube to a member
US20040035833A1 (en) * 2002-08-22 2004-02-26 Venkatasubramanian Ananthanarayanan Method for metallurgically joining a tube to a member
US20040035834A1 (en) * 2002-08-22 2004-02-26 Venkatasubramanian Ananthanarayanan Method for metallurgically joining a tube to a member
US6953907B2 (en) 2002-08-22 2005-10-11 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method for metallurgically joining a tube to a member
US20040035832A1 (en) * 2002-08-22 2004-02-26 Venkatasubramanian Ananthanarayanan Method for metallurgically joining a tube to a member
US6953147B2 (en) 2002-08-22 2005-10-11 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method for joining a tube to a member
US6847001B2 (en) * 2002-08-22 2005-01-25 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method for metallurgically joining a tube to a member
US20050194360A1 (en) * 2003-05-06 2005-09-08 Delphi Technologies Inc. Method for resistance welding/brazing a tube to a member
US7423232B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2008-09-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method for resistance welding/brazing a tube to a member
US20060006148A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Ananthanarayanan Venkatasubram Welding apparatus for resistance welding heat exchanger tube to tubesheet
US7253372B2 (en) 2004-07-07 2007-08-07 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method for welding heat exchanger tube to tubesheet
US20060006147A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Ananthanarayanan Venkatasubram Method for welding heat exchanger tube to tubesheet
US7476824B2 (en) 2004-07-07 2009-01-13 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Welding apparatus for resistance welding heat exchanger tube to tubesheet
US20060016788A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-01-26 Suhre Ryan J Method for welding employing current
WO2006014663A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-02-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Resistance welding method
US20090114623A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2009-05-07 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method for welding employing current
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US20050006352A1 (en) 2005-01-13
US7323653B2 (en) 2008-01-29
EP1545824B1 (de) 2013-09-11
BR0313518A (pt) 2005-06-28
JP4405922B2 (ja) 2010-01-27
JP2006500220A (ja) 2006-01-05
EP1545824A1 (de) 2005-06-29
WO2004028730A1 (en) 2004-04-08
EP1545824A4 (de) 2009-12-09
AU2003261292A1 (en) 2004-04-19

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