US20040031353A1 - Material with high ballistic protective effect - Google Patents

Material with high ballistic protective effect Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040031353A1
US20040031353A1 US10/321,451 US32145102A US2004031353A1 US 20040031353 A1 US20040031353 A1 US 20040031353A1 US 32145102 A US32145102 A US 32145102A US 2004031353 A1 US2004031353 A1 US 2004031353A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
article
alloy
percent
weight
concentration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/321,451
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English (en)
Inventor
Horst Saiger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Boehler Bleche GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Boehler Bleche GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AT19912001A external-priority patent/AT411268B/de
Priority claimed from AT19922001A external-priority patent/AT411267B/de
Application filed by Voestalpine Boehler Bleche GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Boehler Bleche GmbH
Assigned to BOHLER BLECHE GMBH reassignment BOHLER BLECHE GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SAIGER, HORST
Publication of US20040031353A1 publication Critical patent/US20040031353A1/en
Priority to US11/878,344 priority Critical patent/US20080181807A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of known steel alloys as materials for the production of articles with high ballistic protective effect.
  • the ballistic protective effect of articles is generally characterized by their security against a puncture by projectiles and fragments when high-energy weapons act upon them.
  • a high protective effect and, simultaneously a reduced weight of the article or part and an improved economic efficiency of the production thereof.
  • EP-A-180805 discloses a steel helmet made of a low-alloy boron steel, which steel helmet is sandblasted after heat treatment.
  • An armor plate with a heat-treated microstructure is known from EP-A-1052296, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, which plate has a yield point of >1100 N/mm 2 as well as a hardness of >400 HB and, with a carbon content in percent by weight of 0.15 to 0.2, essentially comprises 1 to 2 percent by weight chromium (Cr), 0.2 to 0.7 percent by weight molybdenum (Mo), 1.0 to 2.5 percent by weight nickel (Ni), 0.05 to 0.25 percent by weight vanadium (V), the balance being iron (Fe).
  • a steel armor plate with improved penetration strength against projectiles is described in EP-B-731332, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the plate has a plurality of inclusions which are oriented essentially parallel to the surface of the plate and are concentrated in a region comprising one quarter to three quarters of the thickness of the plate.
  • EP-B-247020 discloses an armor plate having a base material of tough steel, onto which is applied by cladding at least one hard steel layer that is to face the impact and is comprised of 0.6 to 1.0 percent by weight carbon (C), 0.2 to 2.0 percent by weight silicon (Si), 0.2 to 2.0 percent by weight manganese (Mn), 0-8 to 2-0 percent by weight chromium (Cr), 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight molybdenum (Mo), 0.05 to 0.35 percent by weight vanadium (V), the balance being iron (Fe) and steel accompanying impurities.
  • C carbon
  • Si silicon
  • Mn manganese
  • Cr chromium
  • Mo molybdenum
  • V vanadium
  • an interlayer of pure nickel or pure iron having a thickness between 0.1 and 15% of the total plate thickness is arranged between the base material and the cladding, which interlayer is connected to the base material and the cladding by roll-bonding.
  • the interlayer not only facilitates the cladding of the base material, but also prevents the cladding material from flaking off, which cladding material, though heat-treatable to a hardness of 55 to 60 HRC, apparently has low toughness as a result.
  • the present invention provides a process for making an article with ballistic protective effect.
  • the process comprises the provision of an alloy and the shaping thereof into said article.
  • the alloy comprises, in percent by weight: Carbon (C) 0.26 to 0.79; Silicon (Si) 0.2 to 1.2; Manganese (Mn) 0.2 to 0.9; Chromium (Cr) 1.1 to 7.94; Molybdenum (Mo) 0.56 to 3.49; Vanadium (V) 0.26 to 1.74;
  • the balance being iron as well as accompanying elements and impurities.
  • the total concentration of phosphorus and sulfur is loss than 0.025
  • the concentration of nickel is less than 0.28
  • the total concentration of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, tin, zinc and boron is less than 0.011.
  • concentrations are based on the total weight of the composition (e.g., alloy), unless indicated otherwise. Moreover, in the context of concentrations, the term “less than” includes 0% by weight, i.e., complete absence. Also, it should be understood that the numerical values given herein are approximate values. i.e.. are not limited to the exact value indicated herein.
  • the alloy comprises one or more of C, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, and V in the following concentrations, in percent by weight: C 0.36 to 0.64; Si 0.36 to 0.9; Mn 0.36 to 0.7; Cr 1.7 to 5.95; Mo 1.05 to 2.9; V 0.36 to 1.25.
  • the alloy comprises one or more (e.g., all) of C, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, and V in the following concentrations, in percent by weight: C 0.41 to 0.58; Si 0.41 to 0.68; M 0.41 to 0.59; Cr 2.61 to 5.2; Mo 1.3 to 2.7; V 0.39 to 0.83.
  • the alloy comprises, in percent by weight: Carbon (C) 0.3 to 0.6; Silicon (Si) 0.08 to 0.59; Manganese (Mn) 0.1 to 0.6; Chromium (Cr) 0.9 to 1.5; Nickel (Ni) 2.4 to 5.5;
  • the balance being iron as well as accompanying elements and impurities.
  • the total concentration of phosphorus and sulfur is less than 0.025
  • the concentration of molybdenum is less than 0.34
  • the concentration of tungsten is less than 0.29
  • the total concentration of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, tin, zinc and boron is less than 0.011.
  • the alloy comprises one or more of C, Si, Mn, Cr, and Ni in the following concentrations, in percent by weight: C 0.36 to 0.54; Si 0.11 to 0.39; Mn 0.18 to 0.49; Cr 1.15 to 1.4; Ni 2.56 to 4.9.
  • the alloy comprises one or more (e.g., all) of C, Mn, and Ni in the following concentrations, in percent by weight: C 0.41 to 0.49; Mn 0.25 to 0.38; Ni 2.9 to 3.9.
  • the concentration of sulfur in the alloy is less than 0.005 percent by weight.
  • the process further comprises subjecting the alloy to a technology selected from ladle metallurgy, vacuum treatment, vacuum smelting, vacuum arc remelting, electroslag remelting (optionally under pressure), powder metallurgy or any combination thereof.
  • the article is subjected to a heat treatment to a strength of higher than 1800 N/mm 2 , e.g., higher than 2000 N/mm 2 , or even higher than 2100 N/mm 2 .
  • the present invention also is directed to an article that is obtainable by any of the processes set forth above.
  • the present invention further provides an article for providing ballistic protection.
  • the article comprises an alloy as set forth above (first and second alternatives), has a strength of higher than 1800 N/mm 2 , e.g., higher than 2000 N/mm 2 or even higher than 2100 N/mm 2 , and may have been processed as indicated above.
  • the article has a toughness at room temperature of higher than SEP 150 J, e.g., higher than SEP 185 J, or even higher than SEP 245 J.
  • the article comprises a plate, e.g., a plate having a thickness of at least 5 mm.
  • the present invention further provides a method of providing an object (including the human or animal body) with ballistic protection.
  • an object including the human or animal body
  • ballistic protection at least one of the surfaces of the object is covered (completely or partially) with a material comprising an alloy selected from those indicated above.
  • the alloy and/or the material may have been processed as set forth above. Furthermore, the material may show the strength and toughness properties indicated for the article provided by the present invention.
  • the advantageous properties achieved by the invention manifest themselves in a fixing test by a high proportion of stopped shots, and are particularly apparent in parts that have been heat-treated to a high strength of higher than 1900 N/mm 2 .
  • a still further improvement in the properties of the material is achieved when the sulfur content is kept below 0.005 percent by weight.
  • the selected elements in close coordination with the other alloying elements, have a positive effect on the microstructural transformations during heat treatment, i.e., promote an increase in hardness without interfering regions at the grain boundaries, and guarantee the formation of a largely homogeneous heat-treated microstructure during tempering.
  • the manufacturing technology has an effect on the ballistic protective effect of parts made thereof.
  • the manufacturing technologies ladle metallurgy, vacuum treatment, vacuum smelting or vacuum arc remelting, electroslag remelting (optionally under pressure) and powder metallurgy, individually and in any combination thereof can have an improving effect on the ballistic protection provided by parts produced in such manner, because the isotropy of the material in particular is promoted thereby.
  • a heat treatment can produce higher strength values with improved material toughness, whereby the product is given a substantially increased resistance to puncture by projectiles.
  • the mechanical properties of a material as determined by means of conventional tests may change substantially when a high-energy weapon acts on the material so that, strictly speaking, the penetration resistance to bullets or fragments as well as the cracking behavior of protective parts can only be evaluated by means of a firing test.
  • the alloy used according to the present invention shows special advantages as a material for products with high ballistic protective effect, not only because of the improved properties associated therewith, but also for economic reasons.
  • the total concentration of the alloying elements in the alloy is below 8.8 percent by weight, and a low-distortion heat treatment can be performed therewith.
  • the material also shows adequate weldability for component production, e.g., for armor-plating limousines.
  • a further improvement in the property profile is obtained by a reducing the sulfur content to below 0.005 percent by weight.
  • the manufacturing technologies ladle metallurgy, vacuum treatment, vacuum smelting or vacuum arc remelting, electroslag remelting (optionally under pressure) and powder metallurgy, individually and in any combination thereof, can have am improving effect on the ballistic protection provided by parts produced in such manner, because the isotropy of the material in particular is promoted thereby, also with regard to microsegregations. In this way, an increase in the toughness of the material can occur in all directions even with heat treatment to higher strengths of the material, and the resistance to puncture by projectiles can be increased.
  • FIG. 1 shows the percentage of stopped shots as a function of the thickness of a plate made of an alloy used according to the first alternative of the present invention, a maraging steel and a carbon steel, respectively;
  • FIG. 2 shows the percentage of stopped shots as a function of the thickness of a plate made of an alloy used according to the second alternative of the present invention, a maraging steel and a carbon steel, respectively.
  • ESU electroslag remelting
  • a plate made of Cr-Mo-V steel, treated by ladle metallurgy and vacuum degassed and having a composition, in percent by weight, of 0.45 carbon (C), 0.62 silicon (Si), 0.64 manganese (Mn), 0.016 phosphorus (P), 0.007 sulfur (S), 3.35 chromium (Cr), 1.62 molybdenum (Mo), and 0.32 vanadium (V) was rolled from a slab ingot to a thickness of 7.5 mm.
  • Specimens were fabricated from the plate, heat treated with different technologies and tested. Table 1 shows the heat treatment parameters and the mechanical values obtained.
  • FIG. 1 shows the percentage of stopped shots as a function of the plate thickness.
  • the proportion of shots stopped by a plate produced according to the present invention and a plate produced from a maraging steel is virtually the same under the same bombardment conditions.
  • the concentration of alloying elements is about 6%, whereas it is 41.5% in the maraging steel (comparison material), which makes the latter material substantially more expensive than the former.
  • a plate having a thickness of 6.8 mm was rolled from a slab ingot made of a vacuum treated steel having a composition, in percent by weight, of 0.5 carbon (C), 0.32 silicon (Si), 0.45 manganese (Mn), 0.017 phosphorus (P), 0.006 sulfur (S), 1.25 chromium (Cr), 0.18 molybdenum (Mo), 0.21 tungsten (W), and 3.97 nickel (Ni), the total concentration of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, tin, and boron being equal to 0.0085.
  • the firing test showed that the plate with the specimen designation AA had a shot stopping capability of 95; whereas a heat treated-plate made of carbon steel of the same thickness withstood only 56 of 100 bombardments from shots.
  • a plate having a thickness of 7.5 mm was manufactured from steel treated by ladle metallurgy and having phosphorous , sulfur , 1.42 chromium (Cr), 0.11 molybdenum (Mo), 0.09 tungsten (W), and 0.004 (As+Sb+Bi+Sn+Zn+B).
  • the steel had subsequently been subjected to electroslag remelting.
  • Heat treatment to a hardness of 57 HRC, afforded, at a hardening temperature of 880° C. and with air cooling after tempering at 200° C., a yield point of the material of Rm 2265 N/mm 2 , with an average notched impact strength of 202 J.
  • a 68.7% higher number of stopped shots was recorded as compared to a plate made of heat-treated carbon steel under otherwise identical conditions.
  • FIG. 2 shows the percentage of stopped shots as a function of the plate thickness. Starting at a plate thickness of 5 mm up to a thickness of 10 mm, the shots stopped by the maraging steel and those stopped by the steel according to the invention were proportionally essentially the same, with slight advantages for the material according to the invention in the plate thickness range of above 6 mm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
US10/321,451 2001-12-19 2002-12-18 Material with high ballistic protective effect Abandoned US20040031353A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/878,344 US20080181807A1 (en) 2001-12-19 2007-07-24 Material with high ballistic protective effect

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1992/2001 2001-12-19
AT19912001A AT411268B (de) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 Werkstoff mit hoher ballistischer schutzwirkung
AT19922001A AT411267B (de) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 Werkstoff mit hoher ballistischer schutzwirkung
AT1991/2001 2001-12-19

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/878,344 Division US20080181807A1 (en) 2001-12-19 2007-07-24 Material with high ballistic protective effect

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040031353A1 true US20040031353A1 (en) 2004-02-19

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ID=25608562

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US10/321,451 Abandoned US20040031353A1 (en) 2001-12-19 2002-12-18 Material with high ballistic protective effect
US11/878,344 Abandoned US20080181807A1 (en) 2001-12-19 2007-07-24 Material with high ballistic protective effect

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/878,344 Abandoned US20080181807A1 (en) 2001-12-19 2007-07-24 Material with high ballistic protective effect

Country Status (6)

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US (2) US20040031353A1 (es)
EP (1) EP1321535B1 (es)
BR (1) BR0205411A (es)
CA (1) CA2414305C (es)
DE (1) DE50202536D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2238556T3 (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100005556A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Pittman David L Vacuum sealed protective cover for ballistic panel

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007039993A1 (de) * 2007-08-23 2009-02-26 Edag Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Strukturteil für eine Fahrzeug-Panzerung
DE102008014914B4 (de) * 2007-08-23 2013-07-04 Vps Vehicle Protection Systems Gmbh Strukturteil für eine Fahrzeug-Panzerung
DE102008052632A1 (de) * 2008-10-22 2010-05-27 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Sicherungsschrank
JP5672255B2 (ja) 2012-02-21 2015-02-18 新日鐵住金株式会社 鍛鋼ロールの製造方法
DE102019116363A1 (de) 2019-06-17 2020-12-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Panzerungsbauteils für Kraftfahrzeuge

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3694174A (en) * 1971-05-13 1972-09-26 Us Army Dual property steel armor
US4484959A (en) * 1981-07-17 1984-11-27 Creusot-Loire Process for the production of a composite metal part and products thus obtained
US4645720A (en) * 1983-11-05 1987-02-24 Thyssen Stahl Ag Armour-plate and process for its manufacture
US5122336A (en) * 1989-10-09 1992-06-16 Creusot-Loire Industrie High hardness steel for armouring and process for the production of such a steel
US5458704A (en) * 1992-07-21 1995-10-17 Thyssen Stahl Ag Process for the production of thick armour plates
US5749140A (en) * 1995-03-06 1998-05-12 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Ballistic resistant metal armor plate
US6360936B1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2002-03-26 Aktiengesellschaft der Dillinger Hüttenwerke Method of manufacturing a composite sheet steel, especially for the protection of vehicles against shots
US20020124716A1 (en) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-12 Walter Grimm Method for producing tubes for heavy guns

Family Cites Families (8)

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GB577133A (en) * 1940-04-12 1946-05-07 William Herbert Hatfield A process for improving the properties of iron alloy castings
DE1207635B (de) * 1959-10-13 1965-12-23 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Verwendung einer Stahllegierung als Werkstoff fuer Helme
FR2106939A5 (en) * 1970-09-30 1972-05-05 Creusot Forges Ateliers Weldable clad steel sheet - for armour plate
DE2921854C1 (de) * 1979-05-30 1990-11-15 Thyssen Ind Ag Maschb Verfahren zum Herstellen einer aus Mehrlagenstahl bestehenden Panzerung
ATA109386A (de) * 1986-04-23 1993-06-15 Voest Alpine Stahl Linz Panzerblech
FR2619577B1 (fr) * 1987-08-17 1993-02-19 Aubert & Duval Acieries Composition d'acier au silicium-chrome-molybdene-vanadium et son application aux noyaux perforants de projectiles anti-blindages
JP2000080444A (ja) * 1998-08-31 2000-03-21 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd 銃砲身用合金鋼
ATE284977T1 (de) * 1999-05-08 2005-01-15 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag Verwendung eines stahls zur herstellung von panzerblech

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3694174A (en) * 1971-05-13 1972-09-26 Us Army Dual property steel armor
US4484959A (en) * 1981-07-17 1984-11-27 Creusot-Loire Process for the production of a composite metal part and products thus obtained
US4645720A (en) * 1983-11-05 1987-02-24 Thyssen Stahl Ag Armour-plate and process for its manufacture
US5122336A (en) * 1989-10-09 1992-06-16 Creusot-Loire Industrie High hardness steel for armouring and process for the production of such a steel
US5458704A (en) * 1992-07-21 1995-10-17 Thyssen Stahl Ag Process for the production of thick armour plates
US5749140A (en) * 1995-03-06 1998-05-12 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Ballistic resistant metal armor plate
US6360936B1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2002-03-26 Aktiengesellschaft der Dillinger Hüttenwerke Method of manufacturing a composite sheet steel, especially for the protection of vehicles against shots
US20020124716A1 (en) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-12 Walter Grimm Method for producing tubes for heavy guns
US6652680B2 (en) * 2001-03-09 2003-11-25 Edelstahlwerke Buderus Ag Method for producing tubes for heavy guns

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100005556A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Pittman David L Vacuum sealed protective cover for ballistic panel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2238556T3 (es) 2005-09-01
CA2414305C (en) 2006-08-15
EP1321535B1 (de) 2005-03-23
DE50202536D1 (de) 2005-04-28
CA2414305A1 (en) 2003-06-19
EP1321535A3 (de) 2003-08-13
EP1321535A2 (de) 2003-06-25
US20080181807A1 (en) 2008-07-31
BR0205411A (pt) 2004-07-20

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Owner name: BOHLER BLECHE GMBH, AUSTRIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SAIGER, HORST;REEL/FRAME:013593/0142

Effective date: 20021206

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION