US20040016487A1 - Coupled transponder and antenna system and method - Google Patents

Coupled transponder and antenna system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040016487A1
US20040016487A1 US10/320,794 US32079402A US2004016487A1 US 20040016487 A1 US20040016487 A1 US 20040016487A1 US 32079402 A US32079402 A US 32079402A US 2004016487 A1 US2004016487 A1 US 2004016487A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
toroidal body
antenna
loop antenna
transponder
bore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/320,794
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English (en)
Inventor
David Johnson
Joseph Letkomiller
Richard Pollack
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/320,794 priority Critical patent/US20040016487A1/en
Publication of US20040016487A1 publication Critical patent/US20040016487A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in or for vehicle tyres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B60C23/0422—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver characterised by the type of signal transmission means
    • B60C23/0433—Radio signals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0491—Constructional details of means for attaching the control device
    • B60C23/0493—Constructional details of means for attaching the control device for attachment on the tyre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07758—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
    • G06K19/07764—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag the adhering arrangement making the record carrier attachable to a tyre

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the coupling of electronic devices such as a transponder and antenna and, more specifically, to direct magnetic coupling of a transponder and annular antenna for use in pneumatic tires.
  • This invention relates to an annular apparatus, including an antenna for electronically transmitting tire or wheel identification or other data at radio frequency.
  • the apparatus includes a radio-frequency transponder comprising an integrated circuit chip having data capacity at least sufficient to retain identification information for the tire or wheel.
  • Other data such as the inflation pressure of the tire or the temperature of the tire or wheel at the transponder location, can be transmitted by the transponder along with the identification data.
  • the subject invention is specifically directed to the coupling of a transponder to an antenna for use in pneumatic tires, the invention is not so restricted.
  • the principles herein described may find application in the magnetic coupling of a range of electronic devices to an annular antenna for myriad other applications that will be apparent to those in the art.
  • transponder antenna coil is a large diameter wire loop of one or a very few turns. Such an antenna is very useful in a tire, for example, where the loop can be deployed in the tire crown or sidewall to provide a continuous coupling through 360 degrees of rotation.
  • a large loop of one or a few turns offers a large area to capture energy from the field of the reader antenna coil, but has very low inductance.
  • a poor quality resonant LC circuit and poor impedance matching to the transponder electronics results.
  • a transformer may be employed, consisting of a low number of primary turns in series with the loop antenna and a high number of secondary turns connected to the input of the transponder electronics.
  • the transformer provides a higher inductance on the primary side and therefore enables a high quality tuned LC circuit, a high voltage level at the transponder input, and good impedance matching to the transponder electronics.
  • the most efficient means of creating such a transformer is by using a ferrite material, typically in a toroidal configuration, to yield a high efficiency and high coupling factor in a small volume.
  • connection between the large diameter antenna loop and the fine wire used in the primary winding of a toroidal transformer can, however, be problematic in a transponder package.
  • the antenna loop is often a stiff and strong material to meet the requirements of a particular application such as tires. Electrical connection between the stiff wire and the fine wire creates reliability and process problems.
  • the material composition of the loop antenna may not permit soldering and the small space available may make establishing a strong mechanical connection difficult.
  • terminating a stiff wire in the small volume available in transponder packages may result in a weak and less than durable terminal junction.
  • stress imposed on the connection from flexing or other movement of the loop antenna may cause the connection to fail.
  • only a small amount of epoxy or other encapsulant material is available to resist such stress.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,975 discloses a pneumatic tire having an integrated circuit (IC) transponder and pressure transducer. As described in this patent, the transponder may be attached to an inner surface of the tire by means of a tire patch or other similar material or device.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,541,574 discloses an annular antenna lodged within a groove that extends around a tube.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,319,220 discloses a system for monitoring tire pressure comprising wheel units in the tires and a common receiver. Each wheel unit has an antenna comprising a continuous wire loop embedded in an open annulus which is disposed against the inner periphery of the tire for transmitting signals and for receiving power.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,147,659 discloses the use of metallic component members in a tire as an antenna directly connected to a transponder.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,074,227 discloses a tire pressure indicator for a tire and includes a transponder coupled to a signal coil that is disposed as a circular loop about the tire.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,491,483 discloses a single loop annular antenna mechanically and magnetically coupled to a transponder through an impedance transformer.
  • a system providing an annular antenna that is magnetically coupled to but mechanically de-coupled from a transponder has not been attained. Additionally, a satisfactory system will comprise relatively inexpensive components that facilitate easy and inexpensive manufacture and assembly. Moreover, a satisfactory system will be durable and capable of withstanding the stress described above that is attendant many applications for the system including tires.
  • the subject invention overcomes the deficiencies in known systems and methods for coupling an annular antenna to an electrical device such as a transponder.
  • a toroidal body is formed from material having a high electromagnetic permeability. No primary winding is used in conjunction with or as part of the toroidal device. Rather, the antenna loop is passed directly through the center opening in the toroid and couples magnetically with the toroidal body absent a primary winding. Magnetic coupling occurs between the loop and the toroid, and therefore into the secondary winding because the current induced in the loop antenna from the transceiver magnetic field creates a magnetic field near the loop. The magnetic field is induced directly into the ferrite toroid that closely surrounds the loop wire(s).
  • DMC Direct Magnetic Coupling
  • the DMC approach allows the antenna loop to pass through the transponder package without a mechanical connection and therefore eliminates the problems with making and maintaining the connection between the loop wire and the transponder package discussed previously.
  • the secondary turn ratio may be varied to accommodate optimum impedance matching. Consequently, the DMC technique provides a high energy coupling and high durability since external connection between the antenna loop and the toroidal body is eliminated.
  • the process of attaching the antenna loop to a transponder is simplified rendering any remote coupling between wire bundles or cables and transponders substantially less difficult.
  • the magnetic coupling between annular antenna and transponder using the DMC technique is maintained in a continuous 360 degree read and dead zones in the interrogation area are avoided.
  • the antenna and the transponder are at least partially embedded into a non-conductive encapsulant material to render the antenna and transponder package unitarily transportable.
  • a non-conductive encapsulant material to render the antenna and transponder package unitarily transportable.
  • the encapsulant material further serves to maintain the antenna and the toroidal body in mechanically decoupled yet electromagnetically coupled advantageous relationship.
  • a method for associating a loop antenna with an electronic device such as a transponder through a toroidal body having a central opening.
  • the method comprises the steps of positioning the loop antenna to project through the central opening in non-contacting relationship with the toroidal body; establishing a direct magnetic coupling between the loop antenna and the toroidal body; and coupling the electronic device to the antenna through the toroidal body.
  • a further aspect of the invention is to include the steps of at least partially encapsulating the antenna and the electronic device package in a non-conductive material so as to render the antenna and the electronic device package unitarily transportable and to fix the relative position between the antenna and the electronic device in a specified orientation.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tire and the subject annular apparatus with portions of the tire removed for the purpose of illustration.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional schematic of a tire mounted to a rim and illustrating alternative locations in which to mount the subject annular apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a tire portion having a transponder and antenna assembly positioned against a tire sidewall surface.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional schematic view of a tire and wheel assembly mounted to a vehicle frame.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of the subject antenna projecting through a transponder module.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the subject annular assembly.
  • FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of the subject transponder module.
  • FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view thereof.
  • FIG. 9 is a top plan view thereof
  • FIG. 10 is a longitudinal section view through the transponder module of FIG. 9 taken along the line 10 - 10 .
  • FIG. 11 is a transverse section view through the transponder module of FIG. 9 taken along the line 11 - 11 .
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the module circuit board.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the receiver module.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the transponder module.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram of the car transceiver and tire monitoring system.
  • a “transponder” is an electronic apparatus (device) capable of monitoring a condition such as air pressure within a pneumatic tire, and then transmitting that information to an external device.
  • the external device can be either an RF (radio frequency) reader/interrogator or, simply an RF receiver.
  • a simple receiver can be used when the transponder is “active”, and has its own power source.
  • a reader/interrogator would be used when the transponder is “passive” and is powered by an RF signal from the reader/interrogator.
  • the transponder forms a component of an overall tire-condition monitoring/warning system.
  • a “ferrite toroid” is coupled to the transponder by a secondary winding.
  • a “ferrite toroid” is a toroidal body formed from ferro-magnetic material by a continuous curved surface and including a central through opening.
  • the toroidal body may be cylindrical, oblong, symmetrical, or asymmetrical without departing from the invention herein set forth.
  • a transponder In order to send or receive RF signals, a transponder must have an antenna.
  • This antenna is annular in configuration and may either be incorporated into the tire during manufacture or affixed to the tire by way of a post manufacture procedure.
  • the antenna may comprise a single wire or a plurality of strands.
  • Various commercially available transponders, sensors, and other electrical devices deployed in combination with an annular antenna are suitable for use in conformance with the principles of the subject invention

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
US10/320,794 2002-07-24 2002-12-16 Coupled transponder and antenna system and method Abandoned US20040016487A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/320,794 US20040016487A1 (en) 2002-07-24 2002-12-16 Coupled transponder and antenna system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39806602P 2002-07-24 2002-07-24
US39830802P 2002-07-24 2002-07-24
US10/320,794 US20040016487A1 (en) 2002-07-24 2002-12-16 Coupled transponder and antenna system and method

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US39806602P Continuation 2002-07-24 2002-07-24

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US20040016487A1 true US20040016487A1 (en) 2004-01-29

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Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/320,794 Abandoned US20040016487A1 (en) 2002-07-24 2002-12-16 Coupled transponder and antenna system and method
US10/320,947 Abandoned US20040016488A1 (en) 2002-07-24 2002-12-16 Annular antenna and transponder apparatus and method of disposition in pneumatic tires
US10/320,026 Expired - Fee Related US6809700B2 (en) 2002-07-24 2002-12-16 Tag housing and assembly method for annular apparatus

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/320,947 Abandoned US20040016488A1 (en) 2002-07-24 2002-12-16 Annular antenna and transponder apparatus and method of disposition in pneumatic tires
US10/320,026 Expired - Fee Related US6809700B2 (en) 2002-07-24 2002-12-16 Tag housing and assembly method for annular apparatus

Country Status (5)

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US (3) US20040016487A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP1384603B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (2) JP2004136866A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (2) BR0302367A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE60302289T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US20050132789A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Starinshak Thomas W. Tire antenna containment system and method
CN112785827A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2021-05-11 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 一种基于网络通讯技术的天线角度控制系统及方法

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BR0302367A (pt) 2004-11-23
US20040017321A1 (en) 2004-01-29
BR0302310A (pt) 2004-08-17
US20040016488A1 (en) 2004-01-29
DE60302289T2 (de) 2006-07-20
JP2004136866A (ja) 2004-05-13
US6809700B2 (en) 2004-10-26
JP2004058997A (ja) 2004-02-26

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