US20030195719A1 - State detecting system and device employing the same - Google Patents

State detecting system and device employing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030195719A1
US20030195719A1 US10/387,524 US38752403A US2003195719A1 US 20030195719 A1 US20030195719 A1 US 20030195719A1 US 38752403 A US38752403 A US 38752403A US 2003195719 A1 US2003195719 A1 US 2003195719A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
information
storage means
power storage
calculation
state
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/387,524
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English (en)
Inventor
Akihiko Emori
Akihiko Kudou
Shigeyuki Yoshihara
Hideki Miyazaki
Toshisada Mitsui
Mitsuyuki Hombu
Kazuyoshi Sasazawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Resonac Corp
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd, Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Assigned to HITACHI, LTD., SHIN-KOBE ELECTRIC MACHINERY CO. reassignment HITACHI, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HOMBU, MITSUYUKI, MITSUI, TOSHISADA, SASAZAWA, KAZUYOSHI, YOSHIHARA, SHIGEYUKI, KUDOU, AKIHIKO, EMORI, AKIHIKO, MIYAZAKI, HIDEKI
Publication of US20030195719A1 publication Critical patent/US20030195719A1/en
Priority to US11/033,057 priority Critical patent/US7085661B2/en
Priority to US11/472,272 priority patent/US7406389B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
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    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel state detecting device for detecting states such as charge condition, residual capacity in a power storage means such as a lithium secondary battery, a nickel hydride battery, a lead seal battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and to a power source unit, a distribution type power storage device, and an electric vehicle which use the state detecting device.
  • a power storage means such as a lithium secondary battery, a nickel hydride battery, a lead seal battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and to a power source unit, a distribution type power storage device, and an electric vehicle which use the state detecting device.
  • a state detecting device is employed for detecting state of the power storage means in order to safely and effectively use the power storage means.
  • the state of the power storage means represents state of charge (hereinafter abbreviated as “SOC” indicative how much charged or how much dischargeable charge amount resides, residual capacity, or state of health (hereinafter abbreviated as “SOH”) indicative of how much exhausted or weakened or degree of deterioration.
  • SOC state of charge
  • SOH state of health
  • the SOC in the power source unit of a portable equipment, an electric vehicle and so forth can be detected by integrating a discharge current from a fully charged state and calculating a ratio of a charge amount residing in the power storage means (hereinafter referred to as “residual capacity”) versus a maximum chargeable charge amount (hereinafter referred to as “full capacity).
  • residual capacity a charge amount residing in the power storage means
  • full capacity a maximum chargeable charge amount
  • FIG. 10 is an illustration showing a residual capacity predicting method of the above-identified publication.
  • an initial battery characteristics is corrected by a temperature correction coefficient derived on the basis of a temperature of the battery and a deterioration correction coefficient derived based on deterioration of the battery, and a residual capacity of the battery is derived on the basis of the corrected battery characteristics, a discharge current during discharging and a terminal voltage.
  • the power storage means of some kind also has characteristics, such as charge efficiency, memory effect and so forth, and is required to make correction in consideration of these characteristics in precision of residual capacity with high precision.
  • the initial characteristics of the power storage mean generally contain individual difference. Correction for individual difference is also necessary in prediction of residual capacity with high precision.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a state detection system to perform correction for feeding back correction information obtained through the predetermined arithmetic operation to subsequent arithmetic operation and storage information to make a characteristic data to be used in arithmetic operation at least being accurate to enable detection of state, such as state of charge, state of health or the like, and a power source unit, a power storage device and an electric vehicle.
  • the present invention is directed to a state detecting system comprising a storage means for storing a characteristic data with respect to a power storage means arithmetically obtained on the basis of the measured information obtained by measuring a measuring object with respect to the power storage means by measuring means, calculation information relating to the arithmetic operation of the data, and set information preliminarily set relating to the characteristic data and the calculation information, an arithmetic means for calculating state information indicative of state of the power storage means on the basis of the measured information and set information and calculating correction information for performing correction by comparing a calculation result calculated and the set information, a first correcting means for correcting input of the arithmetic means on the basis of correction information obtained by the arithmetic means, or a second correcting means for correcting information stored or set in storage means based on correction information obtained by the arithmetic means, and a communication means for communicating a calculation result obtained from the arithmetic means to other device.
  • the state detecting system comprises a measuring means for measuring one or more of voltage, current, temperature, resistance and electrolyte concentration of a power storage means, a storage means for storing at least one of characteristic data of the power storage means, calculation coefficient and calculation procedure and preliminarily set value to be considered as true value or set information to be a logic considered as true phenomenon, an arithmetic means for calculating state of the power storage means on the basis of the measured value of the measuring means and the set information of the storage means and calculating a correction amount by comparing the calculation result and the set information, and communication means for communicating the calculation result of the arithmetic means to other device, and a correcting means for correcting the value of the storage means or input of the arithmetic means.
  • a measuring means for measuring one or more of voltage, current, temperature, resistance and electrolyte concentration of a power storage means
  • a storage means for storing at least one of characteristic data of the power storage means, calculation coefficient and calculation procedure and preliminarily set value to be considered
  • the correction means according to the present invention may determine a correction amount based on discrepancy of the calculation result of the calculation means and set information. For example, it is natural condition that charge state increases during charging. If discrepancy in that the charge state decreases during charging, this is corrected. In addition, it is natural when charge and discharge is performed within the allowable charge an discharge current value capable of charging and discharging the power storage within allowable use voltage range, overcharging or over discharging is not detected. If overcharging or over discharging is detected, allowable charge and discharge current is corrected. As set forth, according to the present invention, normal characteristics or natural phenomenon is taken as set information and compares with the calculation result to correct the value of the storage means or input of the arithmetic means is corrected with learning.
  • the value of the measuring means, calculation result or calculation procedure of the arithmetic means, when the current value is smaller than or equal to the predetermined value may be determined as the correction value. For example, under a condition where influence of self-discharge is small and if current value is 0 A, charge state varies little. Namely, when current value is 0 A, variation amount of charge state being 0 is taken as set value as true value. If current value is 0 A, charge state is varied; correction is performed to feedback the variation amount to the subsequent calculation with learning.
  • the storage means of the present invention has two or more mutually different calculation procedures.
  • the arithmetic means can derive the correction value from the calculation results of the calculation procedures to perform correction for feeding back the correction value to the subsequent calculation with learning.
  • the arithmetic means has the charge state calculating means and current integration means of the power storage means to calculate capacity of the power storage means based on different two charge state and current integration value die the period.
  • the storage means stores the initial capacity of the power storage means, and correction means may determine the correction information based on the capacity and initial capacity of the power storage means.
  • the present invention is characterized by a power source unit comprising power storage means, measuring means for measuring at least one of voltage, current, temperature, electric resistance and electrolyte concentration, and a state detecting system deriving state information of the power storage means on the basis of measured information measured by the measuring means, the state detecting system comprising state detecting system set forth above.
  • the present invention is characterized by a power storage device comprising a commercial power source connected to a switch, a photovoltaic generation device connected to the commercial power source via the switch, a load device connected to the photovoltaic generation device via a switch, a control converter controlling power of the commercial power source and the photovoltaic generation device and connected to the switch of the commercial power source via a switch, a control unit commanding switching of the switch of the commercial power source and the switch of the control converter and commanding the power, power storage means, measuring means for measuring at least one of voltage, current, temperature, electric resistance and electrolyte concentration, and a state detecting system deriving state information of the power storage means on the basis of measured information measured by the measuring means, the state detecting system comprising state detecting system set forth above.
  • the present invention is characterized by an electric vehicle comprising a generator performing power generation by revolution and rotation of a motor for driving wheel and the wheel or motor generator driving wheel and performing power generation by rotation of the wheel, a control converter connected to the motor and generator or the motor generator and converting a power thereof, a control unit designating the power of the control converter, power storage means connected to the control converter, a measuring means for measuring at least one of voltage, current, temperature, electric resistance and electrolyte concentration, and a state detecting system deriving state information of the power storage means on the basis of measured information measured by the measuring means, the state detecting system comprising state detecting system set forth above, and the control unit being controlled by a communication means.
  • the present invention is characterized by a hybrid vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine, a generator performing power generation by revolution of motor assisting driving force of wheel connected to the engine and rotation of wheel and a motor generator connected to the engine and assisting driving force of the engine and performing power generation, a control converter connected to the motor and the generator or the motor generator, for converting a power thereof, a control unit designating the power of the control converter, a power storage means connected to the control converter, a measuring means for measuring at least one of voltage, current, temperature, electric resistance and electrolyte concentration, and a state detecting system deriving state information of the power storage means on the basis of measured information measured by the measuring means, the state detecting system comprising state detecting system set forth above, and the control unit being controlled by a communication means.
  • the power storage means is selected among lithium secondary battery, a nickel hydride battery, a lead seal battery, an electric double layer capacitor and so forth.
  • FIG. 1 is a constructional illustration of a power source unit according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram sowing a calculation process of the power source unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a power storage means according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration showing a relationship between SOC and allowable charge and discharge current of power storage means according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration showing a voltage variation upon charging by a pulse current of the power storage means according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a constructional illustration of the power source unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration showing a relationship of OCV and SOC of the power storage means according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a constructional illustration of a distributed type power storage device of sunlight applied the state detection system and the power source unit according to the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a constructional illustration of an automotive vehicle applied the state detection system and the power source unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a constructional illustration showing the conventional residual capacity predicting method.
  • FIG. 1 is a constructional illustration of a power source unit according to the present invention.
  • the reference numeral 101 denotes power storage means
  • 102 denotes measuring means
  • 103 denotes storage means
  • 104 denotes arithmetic means
  • 105 denotes communication means
  • 106 denotes first correction means
  • 107 denotes second correction means.
  • the power storage means 101 is formed with a device having a power storage function, such as a lithium secondary battery, a nickel hydride battery, a lead seal battery, an electric double layer capacitor and so forth.
  • the measuring means 102 is formed with a sensor or an electric circuit measuring voltage, current, temperature, resistance, battery electrolyte concentration and so forth, to obtain necessary measured information.
  • the storage means 103 is constructed with a memory device, such as an EEPROM, flash memory, a magnetic disk and so forth to store calculation information including at least one of characteristic data, calculation coefficient and calculation procedure, and set value to be considered as a preliminarily set true value relating to the calculation information or set information consisted of logic considered as true phenomenon.
  • a memory device such as an EEPROM, flash memory, a magnetic disk and so forth to store calculation information including at least one of characteristic data, calculation coefficient and calculation procedure, and set value to be considered as a preliminarily set true value relating to the calculation information or set information consisted of logic considered as true phenomenon.
  • the arithmetic means 104 is formed with a microprocessor, a computer or the like, and derives a state information of the power storage means 101 on the basis of a measuring value of the measurement means 102 and a value of the storage means 103 . On the other hand, the result of calculation and the set information are compared to calculate the correction information to be these correction amounts.
  • state of the power storage means 101 there are various abnormality, such as SOC, SOH, allowable current, continuous charge and discharge period, allowable temperature, overcharging, over discharging and so forth.
  • the communication means 105 is constructed with a device or circuit for communicating a serial number, such as CAN, Bluetooth and so forth or a device or circuit communicating an ON-OFF signal, such as photo-coupler, relay and so forth. Then, a result of calculation calculated by the arithmetic means 104 is transmitted to other controller, display element or the like (not shown).
  • the first correction means 106 is constructed with a cache memory, a buffer memory, such as SRAM or the like, a register. Correction is performed by varying a value of the measuring means 102 , a value of the storage means 103 , a result of calculation of the arithmetic means 104 on the basis of a correction value derived by the arithmetic means 104 .
  • the second correction means 107 is constructed with a writing circuit of EEPROM, flash memory and so forth as the storage means 103 or a writing circuit of the magnetic disk or the like and re-writes the value in the storage means 103 based on the correction value calculated by the arithmetic means 104 .
  • first correction means 106 and the second correction means 107 are employed in the shown embodiment, it is possible to use one of these correction means or to employ other construction.
  • a microcomputer in which an A/D converter, a flash memory, a microprocessor, a communication circuit are integrated on the same device, the measuring means 102 , the storage means 103 , the arithmetic means 104 , the communication means, the first correction means 106 and the second correction means 107 can be integrated on the same device.
  • these can be used in common with other control unit.
  • the result of calculation per se is compared with the set value or the set information set as logic to perform correction with feeding back to subsequent arithmetic operation with learning the difference between the result of calculation and the set value or the set information. Therefore, it becomes possible to realize the state detection method and state detection system of the power storage means which is high accuracy with lesser characteristic data to be used in arithmetic operation and simple in arithmetic operation, and a power source unit employing the same.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a state detection method of the power storage means according to the present invention.
  • a step of measuring and reading voltage, current, temperature, resistance, electrolyte concentration and so forth of the power storage means 101 is measured to read the measuring value of the first correction means 106 or the arithmetic means 104 . or a value of the storage means 103 .
  • state of the power storage means 101 is calculated on the basis of the read value.
  • discrepancy judgment the result of calculation and the set value or logic is compared to make judgment of discrepancy. If no discrepancy is found, process does end to repeat the same sequence. If discrepancy is found, related parameters are corrected at a step of correction and writing to terminate writing in the memory. By repeating this sequence, correction to feed back the discrepancy to subsequent arithmetic operation with learning can be performed.
  • discrepancy between the result of calculation and the set value or logic means that, for example, it is natural logic to increase charge state during charging, discrepancy is found when the charge state is decreased during charging. Also, it is similarly the logic that the charge state is decreased during discharging, or charge state is not varied under the condition where influence of self-discharge can be ignored during resting. If discrepancy is case to this, correction is effected. Then, matrixing of such items may be performed to make discrepancy judgment with taking the matrix as discrepancy matrix.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the power storage means.
  • the reference numeral 201 denotes an electromotive force (OCV)
  • 302 denotes an internal resistor (R)
  • 303 denotes an impedance (Z)
  • 304 denotes a capacitor component (C).
  • OCV electromotive force
  • C capacitor component
  • Vp is polarized voltage
  • Z and C are voltages of the parallel connection pair.
  • OCV is used for calculation of SOC or allowable charge and discharge current. In the condition where the power storage means is charged and discharged, it is not possible to directly measure OCV. Therefore, OCV is derived by subtracting IR drop and Vp from CCV as expressed by the following equation (2).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration showing SOC, an allowable charge current and allowable discharge current of the power storage means. Associating with increase of SOC, the allowable discharge current is increased and allowable charge current is decreased. Assuming the maximum allowable voltage of the power storage means is Vmax and minimum allowable voltage is Vmin, the allowable charge current Icmax and allowable discharge current Idmax are respectively expressed by the following equations (3) and (4).
  • Ic max ( V max ⁇ OCV )/ Rz (3)
  • Id max ( OCV ⁇ V min)/ Rz (4)
  • Rz is equivalent impedance of R, Z, C in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration showing variation of voltage during charging by a pulse current of the power storage means.
  • a curve of CCV shown by a solid line is risen from a charge start timing (A) and is abruptly drops at a charge terminating timing (B). Dropping is due to IR drop. Subsequently, CCV is decreased moderately to gradually approach to the set information of OCV shown by one-dotted line. A voltage variation in this period mainly corresponds to Vp.
  • the set information of OCV not influenced by the IR drop or Vp is increased from A to B during charging but is not varied during a period between B where a current is 0 A to D (under the condition where influence of self-discharge or environmental temperature can be ignored). In contrast to this, the calculated value of OCV shown by broken line is not consistent with the set information of OCV, and shows moderately decreasing curve even from B to D.
  • the table 1 is a table showing a relationship between variation of SOC of the present invention and correction amount of Vp.
  • the correction amount of Vp is determined from variation of SOC at t ⁇ 0 and variation of SOC at t>0. For example, if variation of SOC at t ⁇ 0 is increase and variation of SOC at t>0 is also increase, Vp is decreased by 1%.
  • SOC Variation Soc Variation (t ⁇ 0) (t > 0, Current 0A)
  • Vp gradually approaches to the set value by learning effect. Namely,Vp is automatically tuned.
  • the absolute value of the correction amount is uniform at 1% here, it is preferred that this value is optimized depending upon kind of the power storage means, current pattern of the load, measurement error of the measuring means and so forth. On the other hand, as shown, it is preferred to apply Fuzzy theory for indicating direction of correction.
  • Vp depends on complicate parameter, such as individual difference or secular change, and further individual difference of secular change and so forth.
  • complicate parameter such as individual difference or secular change
  • further individual difference of secular change and so forth Upon modeling and reproducing these parameters accurately for taking in calculation, it becomes necessary to obtain the initial characteristics, a plurality of parameters, data to require substantial period and load.
  • influence of these individual difference, secular change and so forth are calculated with learning under actual use environment, these parameters are not required.
  • FIG. 6 is a constructional illustration of the power source unit according to the present invention.
  • the reference numeral 701 denotes a calculation procedure A
  • 702 denotes a calculation procedure B
  • 703 denotes a correction amount calculation procedure.
  • the arithmetic means 104 shows a part of the calculation procedure, and the arithmetic means have the arithmetic procedure A and the arithmetic procedure B.
  • the calculation procedure A 701 is taken as arithmetic procedure of SOC (hereinafter referred to as SOCV) derived from OCV set forth above, and the calculation procedure B 702 is taken as calculation procedure of SOC (hereinafter referred to as SOCi based on a current integration.
  • SOCV arithmetic procedure of SOC
  • SOCi calculation procedure of SOC
  • SOCo is an initial value of SOC upon starting of charging and discharging
  • d I is a various amount of the current integrated value
  • Q is a maximum chargeable charge amount (full capacity).
  • SOCi is superior in indicating variation amount in a short period, namely response characteristics, for directly calculation the current.
  • an absolute value is not always correct due to individual difference or secular change of Q, influence of ç or erroneous accumulation of current integrator.
  • SOCV can be calculated the absolute value with high precision by learning. However, it takes a little period in learning, response characteristics is relatively low in comparison with SOCi. Therefore, by the correction amount calculation procedure 703 , variation of SOCV and SOCi in relatively long period is compared to derive the correction amount to correct the item of d I/Q of the equation (6). On the other hand, SOCO is corrected with SOCV at arbitrary timing.
  • the correction amount is derived by comparing the results of calculation per se to feed back the results of calculation for subsequent calculation to repeat learning calculation. Since precision can be improved. Furthermore, since the individual difference of Q, secular change, influence of ç and accumulation of error in the current integrator can be corrected by learning calculation based on SOCV, these correction parameters are not required. Accordingly, it becomes possible to eliminate significant period and load spent for obtaining these parameters or data.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration showing a relationship between OCV and SOC of the power storage means. Associating with increase of SOC, OCV is increased gradually. Such relationship of SOC and OCV is shown in many of power storage means, such as lithium secondary battery, electric double layer capacitor and so forth.
  • the maximum chargeable charge amount (full capacity)Q can be derived.
  • SOC1 100 ⁇ Q1 / Q ( 8 )
  • SOC2 100 ⁇ Q2 / Q ( 9 )
  • SOC1 - SOC2 100 ⁇ ( Q1 - Q2 )
  • Q 100 ⁇ dQ / Q ( 10 )
  • Q 100 ⁇ dQ / ( SOC1 - SOC2 ) ( 11 )
  • full capacity Q of the power storage means can be derived.
  • full capacity Q can be derived using SOC derived from the electrolyte concentration or internal resistor and the current integration value.
  • Table 2 is a table showing a relationship of the correction coefficient K of the full capacity Q relative to the initial capacity Q 0 of the power storage means.
  • a ratio between the initial capacity of the power storage means stored in the storage means and the full capacity Q derived from the equation (11) is derived to obtain a correction coefficient K depending thereon.
  • Q/Qo 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 K 1.0 0.81 0.64 0.49 0.36 0.25
  • the power storage means decreases the full capacity associating with secular change. At the same time, the internal resistance is increased. A continuous charge and discharge period derived from the residual capacity, allowable charge current and allowable discharge current derived from equations (3) and (4) and allowable heat generation amount (or cooling control) or allowable charge and discharge power and so forth have to be corrected the initial values depending upon secular change. The foregoing correct coefficient is used for correction of these. Then, these values are preferably optimized depending upon the kind or system of the power storage means.
  • FIG. 8 is a constructional illustration of a photovoltaic generation equipment, to which the state detection system and the power source unit according to the present invention is applied.
  • the reference numeral 1001 denotes a commercial power source
  • 1002 denotes a photovoltaic generation equipment
  • 1003 denotes a load device
  • 1004 denotes a control converter
  • 1005 denotes a switch
  • 1006 denotes a state detecting device
  • 1007 denotes a power source unit.
  • the state detecting device 1006 is constructed with the measuring means 102 , the storage means 103 , the arithmetic means 104 , the communication means 105 , the first correction means 106 and the second correction means 107 .
  • the power source unit 1007 is constructed with a series connected circuit in which a plurality of power storage means 101 connected in series, and the state detecting device 1006 .
  • Both ends of the series connected circuit of the power storage means 101 is connected to the control converter 1004 .
  • the control converter 1004 is further connected to the commercial power source 1001 , the photovoltaic generation equipment 1002 and the load device 1003 via the switches 1005 respectively.
  • a control of a main control unit (MCU) of the control converter 1004 by a control of a main control unit (MCU) of the control converter 1004 , the commercial power source 1001 , the photovoltaic generation equipment 1002 m the load device 1003 are switched by the switches 1005 .
  • a command from the state detection device 1005 is connected by bidirectional communication between the communication means 105 and the MCU.
  • the photovoltaic generation equipment is an equipments to convert a sun light into a direct current by solar cells and to output an alternating current power by an inverter device.
  • the load device 1003 is a household electric equipment, such as an air conditioner, a refrigerator, an electronic oven, lighting and so forth, an electric equipment, such as a motor, an elevator, a computer, a medical equipment and so forth, or a secondary power source unit.
  • control converter 1004 is a charge and discharge device which converts the alternating current power into the direct current power or converts the direct current power into the alternating current power, and also serves as a controller for controlling charge and discharge and controlling the equipments, such as the photovoltaic generation equipment 1002 , the load device 1003 and so forth.
  • these equipment may incorporate the switch 1005 therein.
  • the power source unit according to the present invention mat take connection other than those illustrated herein. With the shown embodiments, when a sufficient power required by the load device 1003 cannot be supplied from the commercial power source 1001 or the photovoltaic generation equipment 1002 , the power is supplied from the power storage means 101 via the control converter 1004 . On the other hand, when power supply from the commercial power source 1001 or the photovoltaic generation equipment 1002 becomes excessive, the excessive power is stored in the power storage means 101 via the control converter 1004 .
  • the state detecting device 1007 may detect state of the power storage means 101 by each of the first to the sixth embodiments or the combination thereof. For combination of these, syllogism is applied. On the other hand, the result of state detection is fed to the control converter 1004 as a control amount for state or allowable charge and discharge current and so forth of the power storage means 101 .
  • the control converter 1004 controls charging and discharging depending thereon. Particularly, since the state detection device 1007 can perform high precision state detection, the power storage means 101 can be used safely and effectively.
  • control converter 1004 monitors power consumption of the load device 1003 and controls the load device 1003 . Therefore, power saving and effective use of the power can be achieved.
  • the state detection method, the state detection system of the power storage means in high precision and with smaller number of characteristic data to be used for calculation, and the power source unit, distribution type power storage device employing the same can be realized.
  • FIG. 9 is a constructional illustration showing an embodiment of an electric vehicle, to which the state detection system and the power source unit according to the present invention is applied.
  • the reference numeral 1101 denotes a motor generator
  • 1102 denotes a direct current load device.
  • the motor generator 1101 is connected to the series connected circuit of a plurality of power storage means 101 via the control converter 1004 .
  • the motor generator 1101 is directly coupled with a wheel in case of the electric vehicle.
  • an internal combustion engine is further coupled for assisting start-up or driving force (power running) and generation (re-generation).
  • power running power is supplied from the power source unit 1007 to the motor generator 1101 .
  • re-generation power is supplied from the power generator 1101 to the power source unit 1007 .
  • the direct current load device 1102 is an electric load, such as electromagnetic vale, audio unit and so forth, or the secondary power source unit.
  • the direct current load device 1102 is connected to the series connected circuit of the power storage means via the switch 1005 .
  • the state detection device 1007 may employ respective of the first to sixth embodiment or combination thereof. Via the communication means, state of the power storage means 101 or control amount of the allowable charge and discharge current or the like is fed to the control converter 1004 so that the control converter 1004 may control charging and discharging depending thereon. Particularly, since the state detection device 1007 may perform state detection with high precision, the power storage means 101 may be used safely and effectively.
  • the hybrid electric vehicle which can assist to a torque of the internal combustion engine upon star-running and can accumulate kinetic energy by converting into electric power, can be realized.

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US20060247871A1 (en) 2006-11-02
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US20050119856A1 (en) 2005-06-02
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US7406389B2 (en) 2008-07-29
CA2422213A1 (fr) 2003-10-10
CA2422213C (fr) 2007-12-18
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US7085661B2 (en) 2006-08-01
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