US20030172920A1 - Hinge for a stove door - Google Patents

Hinge for a stove door Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030172920A1
US20030172920A1 US10/276,370 US27637003A US2003172920A1 US 20030172920 A1 US20030172920 A1 US 20030172920A1 US 27637003 A US27637003 A US 27637003A US 2003172920 A1 US2003172920 A1 US 2003172920A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
hinge
spring
hinge according
stove
locking part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/276,370
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English (en)
Inventor
Lina Gronbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gronbach Forschungs und Entwicklungs GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Gronbach Forschungs und Entwicklungs GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10152907A external-priority patent/DE10152907A1/de
Application filed by Gronbach Forschungs und Entwicklungs GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Gronbach Forschungs und Entwicklungs GmbH and Co KG
Assigned to GRONBACH FORSCHUNGS-UND ENTWICKLUNGS GMBH & CO KG reassignment GRONBACH FORSCHUNGS-UND ENTWICKLUNGS GMBH & CO KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GRONBACH, LINA
Publication of US20030172920A1 publication Critical patent/US20030172920A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D7/00—Hinges or pivots of special construction
    • E05D7/12—Hinges or pivots of special construction to allow easy detachment of the hinge from the wing or the frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
    • E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
    • E05F1/12—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs
    • E05F1/1246—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis
    • E05F1/1253—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a compression spring
    • E05F1/1261—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a compression spring for counterbalancing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
    • E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
    • E05F1/12—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs
    • E05F1/1246—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis
    • E05F1/1269—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a traction spring
    • E05F1/1276—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a traction spring for counterbalancing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/02—Doors specially adapted for stoves or ranges
    • F24C15/023—Mounting of doors, e.g. hinges, counterbalancing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D11/00—Additional features or accessories of hinges
    • E05D11/06—Devices for limiting the opening movement of hinges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D11/00—Additional features or accessories of hinges
    • E05D11/10—Devices for preventing movement between relatively-movable hinge parts
    • E05D11/1028—Devices for preventing movement between relatively-movable hinge parts for maintaining the hinge in two or more positions, e.g. intermediate or fully open
    • E05D11/105—Devices for preventing movement between relatively-movable hinge parts for maintaining the hinge in two or more positions, e.g. intermediate or fully open the maintaining means acting perpendicularly to the pivot axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/604—Transmission members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/638—Cams; Ramps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/682—Pins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2600/00—Mounting or coupling arrangements for elements provided for in this subclass
    • E05Y2600/40—Mounting location; Visibility of the elements
    • E05Y2600/46—Mounting location; Visibility of the elements in or on the wing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/26—Form or shape
    • E05Y2800/292—Form or shape having apertures
    • E05Y2800/296—Slots
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/30—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for domestic appliances
    • E05Y2900/308—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for domestic appliances for ovens

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hinge for a stove flap, which can also be referred to as a “stove hinge”, according to the preamble to claim 1.
  • Such stove hinges are already known in the art. They generally have a casing to which is pivoted a plug-in part. The casing is secured to the stove flap.
  • the plug-in part is inserted into the stove or stove casing, e.g., a side wall, or otherwise fastened there.
  • the casing can essentially be shaped like a box.
  • the pivot axis can be in a corner of the casing, e.g., in a lower outside corner, in particular at the location of the casing facing away from the segment of the plug-in part extending out of the casing.
  • Stove hinges of this kind often have a spring intended to offset the weight of the stove flap.
  • the stove flap is normally pivoted to a horizontal axis on the front side of the stove, wherein the stove flap is situated vertically over the pivot axis in the closed position, and can be pivoted to the outside up to an angle of 90°.
  • the opening torque of the stove flap increases in essentially a sinusoidal pattern.
  • the spring of the stove hinge makes it possible to offset this opening torque (door torque) of the stove flap.
  • the spring can also generate a certain locking force of the stove flap in its closed position.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a stove hinge with which torque generated by the spring can be easily influenced.
  • the hinge encompasses a spring guide loaded by a spring.
  • This spring is preferably a torsion or flat spiral spring.
  • the spring guide is provided with a roll guided into a cam plate (pitch cam, guide track) of the plug-in part.
  • cam plate pitch cam, guide track
  • the roll or other guide element can be guided into the camp late or guide track. However, it can also traverse the cam plate or guide track in another manner.
  • the cam plate layout can influence the torque exerted by the hinge on the stove flap. This torque depends on the progression and inclination of the guide track, and the achieved rotational angle or opening angle. The initial stress of the spring is controlled over the progression of the guide track. Special settings, lock-in positions and/or closure moments can be achieved via the inclination of the guide track.
  • the spring is preferably designed as a compression spring.
  • a compression spring in particular a torsion spring, placed under pressure is less susceptible to vibration than a tensioned spring, so that less disturbing noises are generated.
  • a tension spring can also be used.
  • the roll is provided on an outwardly facing bracket of the spring guide.
  • the roll is preferably located outside the hinge casing.
  • the cam plate has an inclination in the closed position of the hinge that generates the required closing force.
  • Legal regulations stipulate that stove flaps must reach a specific closing force. This closing force can be easily generated via the corresponding inclination of the cam plate.
  • the cam plate has a neutral section at a certain open position of the hinge.
  • the opening angle is preferably 200, forming the so-called “grill stop”.
  • the angle can also lie between 10° and 30°, and even exceed this in specific instances.
  • the neutral section of the cam plate triggers the “grill stop” of the stove flap at a predetermined opening angle.
  • the cam plate is preferably designed in such a way that the spring force generated by the cam plate progression essentially offsets the opening torque or door torque of the stove flap. If the cam plate has an inclination generating the required closing force in the closed position of the hinge, and/or if the cam plate has a neutral section at a certain open position of the hinge, the mentioned advantageous further development can be designed in such a way that the spring force generated by the cam plate progression essentially offsets the opening torque of the stove flap in those areas lying outside the closed position and/or specific open position.
  • the spring guide is preferably guided in the casing.
  • This guiding mechanism is preferably achieved using a support, wherein the support preferably consists of plastic or some other suitable material.
  • lever arm force of the roll can be varied relative to the pivot axis of the plug-in part.
  • the spring guide it is advantageous for the spring guide to have a guide pin that extends into another cam plate of the casing.
  • the guide pin in the casing and the additional cam plate in the spring guide can be provided. Changing the length of the lever arm force between the roll and pivot axis that can be generated by moving the spring guide relative to the casing makes it possible to additionally influence the torque exerted by the hinge on the stove flap.
  • the spring guide can be moved via the other cam plate (pitch cam, guide track), so that the lever arm of force of the acting spring force can be varied relative to the fulcrum of the plug-in part.
  • the torque is controlled by superposing the effects of the cam plate of the plug-in part and additional camp plate. This makes it possible to expand the range of influence on the torque. Further, the physical size of the hinge can be reduced.
  • the initial stress of the springs can be variable. It is advantageous that a stop be adjustable for the springs. This stop can be designed as a nut, or encompass a nut, so that turning it can produce a change in the initial spring stress. The arrangement is preferably such that the nut or other component can be adjusted by hand to vary the initial spring stress. The hinge can be adjusted to various stove flaps by changing the initial spring stress.
  • a locking part is connected with the plug-in part.
  • the locking part is preferably pivoted. It is advantageous for the pivot axis of the locking part to be shiftable.
  • the locking part can have a wedge.
  • the locking part preferably has an actuating projection.
  • the locking part has a face that forms a stop surface.
  • the distance between the face and pivot axis of the locking part widens as the locking part increasingly swivels out. In this way, the locking effect will be sufficient even when if distance between the pivot axis and the part interacting with the face of the locking part, e.g., a corner of the counter-bearing, should be greater than prescribed due to manufacturing tolerances, and or become greater over time due to instances of wear.
  • the face is preferably curved.
  • the face has a contour shaped like a circular arc, or at least essentially shaped like a circular arc, wherein the midpoint of the circular arc is spaced apart from the pivot axis of the locking part.
  • the invention also relates to a stove flap and/or a stove.
  • a stove flap In previously known stove flaps, it is often necessary to use two hinges. If the stove flap needs a counterweight, each of the hinges in previously known solutions must have a counterweight comprising a relatively strongly dimensioned spring.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a simplified stove flap.
  • this object is achieved by a hinge according to the invention and a dummy flange with a casing to which a plug-in part is pivoted.
  • the hinge according to the invention makes it possible to completely implement the counterweight.
  • the arrangement can be such that the entire counterweight for the stove flap is achieved using a hinge according to the invention.
  • a counterweight is then no longer required for the second hinge of the stove flap.
  • the second hinge of the stove flap requires no hinge according to the invention, but rather only a simplified hinge, or a “dummy hinge”, which comprises a casing to which a plug-in part is pivoted.
  • the second hinge, or dummy hinge requires no spring-loaded spring guide provided with a roll guided through a cam plate of the plug-in part. This results in a simplification and cost savings.
  • the dummy hinge comprises a spring, in particular a leg spring, which is mounted on the casing and on the plug-in part.
  • This spring can be used to generate a closing torque.
  • the spring or leg spring can generate a small closing torque to maintain the function of the locking device.
  • the dummy hinge has one or more features of the locking device.
  • the plug-in part of the dummy hinge preferably has connected to it a locking part, preferably pivoting, wherein the pivot axis of the locking part is preferably shiftable.
  • the locking part of the dummy hinge can have a wedge. It can also have an actuating projection.
  • the locking part of the dummy hinge has a face forming a stop surface, wherein the distance between the face and the pivot axis of the locking part preferably widens as the locking part increasingly swivels out.
  • the face is preferably curved.
  • the face can have a contour shaped like a circular arc, or essentially shaped like a circular arc, wherein the midpoint of the circular arc is spaced apart from the pivot axis of the locking part.
  • FIG. 1 the hinge in the closed position, rear view
  • FIG. 2 the hinge according to FIG. 1 in the closed position, side view,
  • FIG. 3 the hinge according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in the open position, at an opening angle of about 45°, side view,
  • FIG. 4 the hinge according to FIGS. 1 - 3 in the open position, at an opening angle of essentially 90°, side view,
  • FIG. 5 the hinge according to FIGS. 1 - 4 in the closed position, top view
  • FIG. 6 the progression of torque as a function of the opening angle of the hinge
  • FIG. 7 a modification of the hinge with a locking part in the locked position
  • FIG. 8 the hinge according to FIG. 7 in a partially open position
  • FIG. 9 the hinge according to FIG. 7 and 8 in the locked position
  • FIG. 10 a modification of the hinge shown on FIGS. 7 to 9 with a locking part, which has a face forming a stop surface, in a latched position with partially opened stove flap,
  • FIG. 11 the hinge according to FIG. 10 in a partially open position
  • FIG. 12 the hinge according to FIGS. 10 and 11 in the locked position
  • FIG. 13 a section from FIG. 10, magnified view
  • FIG. 14 a dummy hinge in the closed position, rear view
  • FIG. 15 the dummy hinge according to FIG. 14 in the open position, side view, and
  • FIG. 16 the dummy hinge according to FIGS. 14 and 15 in the closed position, side view.
  • the casing 1 of the hinge which can also be referred to as the hinge body, can be built into the stove doors. However, a reverse arrangement could also be selected, in which the casing 1 of the hinge is built into the stove or otherwise attached to the stove (not shown in the drawings).
  • a plug-in part 2 is secured to the casing 1 so that it can pivot around an axis 10 .
  • the connection to the stove is made via plug-in part 2 , which is latched or otherwise secured to the stove.
  • the pivot axis 10 is situated in the rear lower part of the casing 1 , on the side of the casing 1 facing away from the plug-in part 2 .
  • the plug-in part 2 extends out of the casing 1 .
  • a spring guide 3 is incorporated in the casing 1 .
  • the spring guide 3 encompasses a guide rod 11 that extends upwardly out of the casing 1 , and has a stop 12 at its upped end.
  • a compression spring 6 is tensioned between this stop 12 and a plastic support 5 .
  • the stop 12 can be designed as a nut (not shown in drawing), which can be turned on a thread provided at the upper end of the guide rod 11 (also not shown in drawing), thereby making it possible to change the pre-stress of the compression spring 6 .
  • the stop 12 designed as a nut can be adjusted using a tool, e.g., a screwdriver, a wrench or an Imbus wrench.
  • the nut can also be designed as a wing nut or other hand-manipulated nut.
  • the plastic support 5 lies on the upper sealing surface of the casing 1 . It has a downwardly pointing part (not shown in drawing), which lies in a corresponding recess in the upper end surface 13 of the casing, and through which the guide rod 11 of the spring guide 3 is routed.
  • the lower end of the spring guide 3 has an outwardly pointing bracket 14 , having secured to it a pin 7 , around which a roll 15 is pivoted.
  • a guide pin 8 is incorporated, in particular pressed, into the spring guide 3 , and guided in an additional cam plate 4 provided in the casing 1 . It is advantageous if the pin 8 lies deeper, i.e., closer to the roll 15 , than shown on the drawing, since the torque acting on the spring guide 3 then becomes smaller.
  • the lever arm force h between the axis 10 and roll 15 takes place over the progression of the additional cam plate 4 .
  • the additional cam plate 4 is shaped like a longitudinal slit, which runs straight and parallel to the direction of movement of the spring guide 3 in the upper, longer area, and bends to the left, i.e., away from the roll 15 , in the lower end area in the manner evident from FIGS. 2 to 4 . As a result, the lever arm force h diminishes to the completely open position shown on FIG. 4.
  • the plug-in part 2 accommodates a cam plate 9 through which the roll 15 reaches, and in which this roll 15 is guided.
  • the beginning of the cam plate 9 i.e., the point where the roll 15 is located, has an initial section 16 with a certain inclination when the hinge assumes the closed position shown on FIG. 2, which generates a preset closing force.
  • This initial section 16 is followed by a convex section, which can be referred to as a cam 17 .
  • a convex section which can be referred to as a cam 17 .
  • a neutral section 18 which lies at a point on the cam plate 9 corresponding to an opening angle of about 20°. If the roll 15 lies in the area of the neutral section 18 , the stove flap is in a stable position in which the opening torque (door torque) of the stove flap is essentially exactly as high as the counter-torque generated by the compression spring 6 . In this position, the stove flap is in the so-called grill stop.
  • the ensuing area 19 of the cam plate 9 is designed in such a way that the spring force generated over this section 19 essentially offsets the opening torque of the stove flap.
  • the bracket 20 represents the progression of the torque generated by a stove flap with a weight of about 10 kg. This torque increases in a sinusoidal pattern. It reaches its highest value at a full opening angle of 90°.
  • the cam plate 21 shows the progression of the torque generated by the hinge when opening the hinge. This torque has a maximum of somewhat more than 7.5 Nm at the outset of the opening process at an opening angle of about 5°. The very steep progression of the hinge torque up to this maximum is generated by the inclination of the initial section 16 of the cam plate 9 .
  • the hinge torque drops of considerably. It reaches the cam plate 20 in the area of about 17°. If the stove flap is opened further, the torque of the hinge generated by the spring force presented in the cam plate 21 essentially corresponds to the opening torque of the stove flap presented in the cam plate 20 . This can be achieved by appropriately shaping the section 19 of the cam plate 9 .
  • the torque generated by the hinge passes through the cam plate 22 , which lies deeper than the cam plate 21 due to the hinge hysteresis.
  • the cam plate 22 drops below the cam plate 20 at about 18°, decreases to approximately 0 Nm and again exceeds the cam plate 20 at about 13°.
  • the 18° to 13° range corresponds to the grill stop, which assumes a stable position at the minimum of the curve 22 i.e., at about 17°.
  • changing the control cam plates 21 , 22 also makes it possible to influence the stove flap in such a way that it drops softly after opened at a specific angle, e.g., 60°.
  • the cam plate 21 intersects the cam plate 20 at this angle, e.g., 60°, and runs under the cam plate 20 at larger angles.
  • cam plates 21 and 22 can be made to run at essentially the same distance on either side of the cam plate 20 , as shown on FIG. 6.
  • divergent hinge dimensions make it possible to lower or lift cam plates 21 and 22 , if needed.
  • a recess 24 which is interspersed by the plug-in part 2 and the bracket 14 of the spring guide 3 .
  • the roll 15 provided on the bracket 14 is located outside the casing 1 . This makes it possible to achieve a great distance, and hence high lever arm force h, between the axis 10 and the roll 15 .
  • the compression spring 6 can be dimensioned relatively weakly.
  • the force of the compression spring 6 is transmitted to the roll 15 via the spring guide 3 .
  • the roll 15 runs in the cam plate 9 of the plug-in part 2 .
  • the shape of the cam plate 9 enables an adjustment to the door torque in each open position.
  • the neutral section 18 adjacent to the cam 17 permits an intermediate stop during the opening process or closing process (“grill stop”).
  • the hinge is also suitable for stoves with very heavy doors.
  • the doors or flaps are relatively heavy. They reach a weight of up to 14 kg.
  • the invention provides a hinge that makes do with a low number of components.
  • the hinge characteristics can be freely selected via the shape of the cam plate 9 .
  • the torque can be offset in any open position of the door or stove flap.
  • the arrangement can be such that the torque generated by the spring is essentially exactly as high as the torque opening the door or flap.
  • the hinge according to the invention has a small structure. Because a compression spring less susceptible to vibration than a tension spring is used, no disturbing noises are produced.
  • the support or plastic support 5 further dampens vibrations and noise.
  • the spring pre-stress can be variable. Since the spring force is relatively low, the spring pre-stress can be adjusted by hand. As a result, a hinge can be used for different stoves. The hinge is adaptable to various stoves, or adjustable for different stoves.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 show a variation of the hinge, in which the additional cam plate 4 ′ lies deeper, i.e., closer to the roll 15 , than in the form of execution according to FIGS. 1 to 5 .
  • the additional cam plate 4 ′ is curved throughout in such a way that the lever arm force h decreases as the hinge increasingly opens.
  • the additional cam plate 4 ′ is curved in a way that the extent of the decrease in the lever arm force h becomes larger as the hinge increasingly opens.
  • FIGS. 7 and 9 do not show the spring guide 3 . Parts corresponding to those in the form of execution according to FIGS. 1 to 5 are marked with the same reference numbers.
  • a locking part 25 is connected with the plug-in part 2 .
  • the locking part has a pivot axis 26 that is mounted in a guide 27 of the plug-in part 2 so that it can pivot and slide longitudinally.
  • the locking part 25 can be pivoted around the pivot axis 26 .
  • the pivot axis 26 can be shifted in the guide 27 .
  • the guide 27 is essentially straight.
  • the end of the locking part 25 lying opposite the pivot axis 26 has a wedge 28 , which is formed by the lower contour 29 essentially shaped like a circular arc and the upper contour 30 also shaped essentially like a circular arc, and which narrows proceeding away from the pivot axis 26 .
  • An upwardly pointing actuating projection 31 is also provided on the locking part 25 between the pivot axis 26 and the wedge 28 .
  • the casing 1 of the hinge is connected with the stove flap.
  • the plug-in part 2 is hung into a counter-bearing 32 , which is secured to the stove.
  • the counter-bearing 32 has brackets 33 into which an extension 34 of the plug-in part 2 engages.
  • the counter-bearing 32 has a bracket 35 , on which the rounded outer end 36 of the plug-in part 2 sits.
  • FIG. 7 shows the latched position of the hinge.
  • the plug-in part 2 provides a recessed support surface 37 , whose contour corresponds to the bottom surface 29 of the locking part 25 .
  • the lower surface 29 of the locking part 25 sits on the support surface 37 .
  • the upper surface 30 of the locking part 25 lies on the corner 38 of the counter-bearing 32 .
  • the wedge 28 of the locking part 25 formed by the surfaces 29 , 30 is clamped between the support surface 37 and the corner 38 .
  • the pivot axis 26 of the locking part 25 lies in the central area of the guide 27 , somewhat outside the middle in the direction away from the axis 10 , as shown on FIG. 7.
  • the wedge 28 of the locking part 25 prevents the stove flap from lifting out.
  • the casing 1 of the hinge would have to be turned counterclockwise, which is prevented by the wedge 28 between the support surface 37 and the corner 38 .
  • the wedge 28 brings about an automatic interlock, which prevents the stove flap from lifting out.
  • the wedge 28 cannot work itself loose. This precludes operator errors, which otherwise could result in the stove flap being inadvertently unhinged if lifted in a closed position.
  • the outside end surface of the locking part 25 lies on the edge 39 bordering the slit 24 from above. This prevents a further closing of the hinge, i.e., a further pivot of the hinge clockwise around the axis 10 . If the stove flap is lifted in this locked positions the plug-in part 2 is unhinged. The extension 34 of the plug-in part 2 slides downward out of the brackets 33 , and the stove flap can be removed.
  • the stove flap is opened a bit more by pivoting the casing 1 out of the locked position shown on FIG. 9 counterclockwise around the axis 10 .
  • the locking part 25 can be pivoted clockwise around the pivot axis 26 .
  • the locking mechanism is released as a result, and the stove flap can be closed, i.e., the casing 1 can be further pivoted clockwise around the axis 10 .
  • the closed are 40 of the casing 1 lying over the upper edge 39 of the slit 24 engages.
  • the actuating projection 31 abuts this closed area 40 above the edge 39 , and is reliably brought by it into the latched position shown on FIG. 7 and kept there.
  • FIGS. 10 to 13 show a variation of the hinge depicted on FIGS. 7 to 9 , in which the corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numbers.
  • the locking part 25 ′ has a face 41 that forms a stop surface.
  • the pivot axis 26 ′ of the locking part 25 ′ is not shiftable, but rather fixed.
  • the cam plate 9 and additional cam plate 4 or 4 ′ are present in the form of execution according to FIGS. 10 to 13 , but not shown in order to simplify the drawing, with the same holding true for brackets 33 and 35 .
  • the circular arc 42 formed by the radius r around the midpoint m, on which the face 41 lies runs over the circular arc 44 in the area over the intersecting point 43 between this circular arc 42 and the circular arc 44 formed by the radius R around the midpoint M.
  • the radius R corresponds to the distance between the corner 38 forming a stop edge and the midpoint M of the pivot axis 26 ′ of the locking part 25 ′.
  • the locking part 25 ′ drops down under its own dead weight while turning around the pivot axis 26 ′, until its curved face 41 stops against the upper outside horizontal edge of the counter-bearing window 45 , i.e., against corner 38 , thereby latching the connection between the plug-in part 2 and counter-bearing 32 .
  • Upwardly shifting the radius midpoint m of the face 41 from the rotational point M of the pivot axis 26 ′ of the locking part 25 ′ by measure a determines the permissible tolerance X in a horizontal direction and Y in a vertical direction. In this case, care must be taken not to exceed a value depending on the friction of the paired materials to uphold the principle of self-locking.
  • FIG. 12 shows the locked position, in which the face 41 abuts the edge 39 .
  • FIG. 11 shows the intermediate position.
  • FIGS. 14 to 16 show a dummy hinge 46 that can be used along with a hinge according to the invention, e.g., based on one of the forms of execution shown on FIGS. 1 to 13 , for a stove flap.
  • the hinge according to the invention is dimensioned in such a way that it can absorb the forces necessary for providing a counterweight. The invention makes this possible.
  • the second hinge of the stove flap can then be formed by the dummy hinge shown on FIGS. 14 to 16 , in which a counterweight is not provided.
  • the dummy hinge according to FIGS. 14 to 16 lacks a spring-loaded spring guide provided with a roll guided through a cap plate of the plug-in part.
  • the dummy hinge 46 encompasses a casing 1 , in which a plug-in part 2 is pivoted around an axis 10 , and a leg spring 47 , which generates a small closing torque to maintain the function of the lock formed by a locking part 25 ′ and the other components of the form of execution shown on FIGS. 10 to 13 .
  • the leg spring 47 is mounted on the casing 1 and plug-in part 2 . It is mounted with one end in the-casing 2 , winds round the bolt of the axis 10 several times, and then proceeds with its other end to a stop bolt 48 provided on the plug-in part 2 , which it encompasses with its other end.
  • the dummy hinge 46 can be used in combination with a spring hinge according to the invention, e.g., according to one of the forms of execution on FIGS. 1 to 13 , to save on costs. It functions as a rotational axis, and generates no torque during opening to counterbalance the door weight. The dummy hinge 46 requires neither a compression spring nor a mechanism for conveying the forces. This makes it less expensive to manufacture.
  • the invention and its advantageous further developments enable the provision of a hinge according to the principle of dual-acting, simple or overlapped control cam plates.
  • the progression of the cam plate 9 brings about a stronger or weaker pre-stress on the spring 6 , so that the hinge torque can be controlled over the progression of the opening angle.
  • the cam plate 9 can further be dual-acting, in such a way that increasing the cam plate progression can generate a rising resistance or additional torque, thereby making it possible in particular to increase the closure moment during the closing process or create latching points.
  • the additional cam plate 4 offers another way to influence the torque progression over the opening area of the stove flap by changing the lever arm force h of the attacking force relative to fulcrum 10 .
  • overlapping the two cam plate controllers 9 and 4 makes it possible to expand the range of torque influence, so that the size of the hinge can be considerably reduced.
  • the interplay between the two cam plates 9 and 4 allows one to achieve nearly any desired hinge characteristics.
  • the additional cam plate 4 permits a decrease in the effective lever arm force h shortly before the end stop.
  • the arrangement can be such that the torque growing over the opening movement again tapers off.
  • the stove flap can be made to open by itself starting at a desired opening angle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
US10/276,370 2001-02-15 2002-02-15 Hinge for a stove door Abandoned US20030172920A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10107136.1 2001-02-15
DE10107136 2001-02-15
DE10152907.4 2001-10-26
DE10152907A DE10152907A1 (de) 2001-02-15 2001-10-26 Scharnier für eine Herdklappe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030172920A1 true US20030172920A1 (en) 2003-09-18

Family

ID=26008512

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/276,370 Abandoned US20030172920A1 (en) 2001-02-15 2002-02-15 Hinge for a stove door

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20030172920A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1287222B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0204073B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002064925A1 (fr)

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EP1612487A2 (fr) 2004-06-29 2006-01-04 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Charnière pour un appareil ménager
EP1619442A1 (fr) 2004-07-16 2006-01-25 Atasan Metal Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi Système de charnière pour des fours de cuisine
US7134169B2 (en) 2004-01-15 2006-11-14 Mansfield Assemblies Co. Hinge assembly and door mounting system including same
US20070101542A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-10 Poong Won Industry Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US20070232135A1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-04 Nuova Star S.P.A. Connection for hinge
US20080016651A1 (en) * 2006-07-18 2008-01-24 Warren Industries Ltd. Integrated hinge assembly with spring biased prop arm
US20100229345A1 (en) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-16 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Appliance door hinge
US20100251521A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Door hinge assembly
US20100257698A1 (en) * 2009-04-08 2010-10-14 Nuova Star S.P.A. Hinge for wings or doors
US20120036681A1 (en) * 2009-05-08 2012-02-16 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Door hinge for opening and closing a door of a domestic appliance
US20120060323A1 (en) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-15 Poong Won Industry Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US20130214663A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2013-08-22 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Hinge assembly for household appliances having an horizontally-pivoted front door
US8707519B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2014-04-29 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Domestic appliance hinge assembly with universal hinge body design
US8806718B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2014-08-19 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Domestic appliance hinge assembly with double linkage
US20150096148A1 (en) * 2012-05-17 2015-04-09 C.M.I. Cerniere Meccaniche Industriali S.R.L. Balanced Hinge Device With Programmable Brake
US20150107053A1 (en) * 2012-05-09 2015-04-23 C.M.I. Cemiere Meccaniche Industrial S.r.l. Balanced Hinge Device With Brake
US9181737B1 (en) * 2014-06-03 2015-11-10 Whirlpool Corporation Oven door opening magnetic hinge
US20160215550A1 (en) * 2013-09-02 2016-07-28 Union Industry Investment (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Hinge
US20170096849A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-06 Grass Gmbh & Co. Kg Hinge for a movable furniture part fastened to a body of an item of furniture
JP2018123655A (ja) * 2017-02-05 2018-08-09 西谷　均 丁番
US10301866B2 (en) 2015-01-13 2019-05-28 Apparatebau Gronbach GmbH Hinge for household appliance such as oven
US10704307B1 (en) * 2017-08-22 2020-07-07 Mansfield Engineered Components, Inc. Adjustable receiver for appliance hinge
US10704311B1 (en) * 2017-02-06 2020-07-07 Mansfield Engineered Components, Inc. Appliance lid hinge
US10907389B2 (en) * 2009-07-21 2021-02-02 Mansfield Engineered Components, Inc. Slow open and/or slow close hinge assembly and hinge system
US11072952B2 (en) * 2019-03-06 2021-07-27 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Side opening door keeper
US11162288B2 (en) * 2017-12-22 2021-11-02 Seo Won Korea Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US11168505B2 (en) * 2017-03-14 2021-11-09 C.M.I. Cerniere Meccaniche Industrian S.R.L. Motorized hinge device
WO2022081097A1 (fr) * 2020-10-12 2022-04-21 Turna D.O.O. Charnière de porte pour appareils ménagers
US20220145683A1 (en) * 2020-05-21 2022-05-12 Seo Won Korea Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US11624223B2 (en) 2018-12-12 2023-04-11 Mansfield Engineered Components, Inc. Side-accessible adjustable receiver for appliance hinge
US20230212902A1 (en) * 2020-09-09 2023-07-06 Seo Won Korea Co., Ltd Motor type hinge apparatus for door
US11781360B2 (en) 2020-02-17 2023-10-10 C.M.I. Cerniere Meccaniche Industriali S.R.L. Hinge device with programmable behavior
WO2023237564A1 (fr) * 2022-06-09 2023-12-14 C.M.I. Cerniere Meccaniche Industriali S.R.L. Charnière multifonction simplifiée

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DE102005017085B4 (de) * 2005-04-13 2009-01-15 Gronbach Forschungs- Und Entwicklungs Gmbh & Co. Kg Scharnier
ITBO20050564A1 (it) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 Cmi Srl Dispositivo compatto a cerniera per un portello
ITBO20060198A1 (it) * 2006-03-20 2007-09-21 Cmi Srl Dispositivo a cerniera bilanciata.
DE102011008252B4 (de) 2011-01-11 2022-05-05 Laag S.R.L. Scharnier für die Klappe eines Haushaltsgerätes
DE102011081917B4 (de) 2011-08-31 2023-02-09 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Dämpfung für Hausgerätetüren
SI24023A (sl) 2012-03-06 2013-09-30 Turna D.O.O. Naprava in metoda za kontrolirano zapiranje vrat
DE102012016939B4 (de) 2012-03-21 2016-02-18 Laag S.R.L. Scharnier für ein Gerät
DE102013011939A1 (de) 2013-07-17 2015-02-19 Laag S.R.L. Scharnier, insbesondere für einen Herd
SI24750A (sl) * 2014-06-04 2015-12-31 Turna D.O.O. Zaklep zapaha za tečaj vrat
CN105507706A (zh) * 2016-01-15 2016-04-20 胡国衡 一种烤箱铰链
CN110273606A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2019-09-24 江苏星徽精密科技有限公司 一种自适应烤箱不同壁厚的烤箱铰链安装结构及安装方法
CN110239317A (zh) * 2019-06-11 2019-09-17 苏州江南航天机电工业有限公司 一种裙边箱下翻门装置
CN113390117B (zh) * 2021-06-21 2022-08-26 华帝股份有限公司 一种吸油烟机的开合板结构
SE2150876A1 (en) * 2021-07-05 2023-01-06 Assa Abloy Ab Arrangement for access member, and access member system

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US2721547A (en) * 1952-05-05 1955-10-25 Tappan Stove Co Closure mechanism for a cooking range oven
US2823661A (en) * 1953-12-30 1958-02-18 Gen Electric Hinge construction for range oven doors and the like
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Cited By (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070119021A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2007-05-31 Habegger Jeffrey D Hinge assembly and door mounting system including same
US7134169B2 (en) 2004-01-15 2006-11-14 Mansfield Assemblies Co. Hinge assembly and door mounting system including same
EP1612487A3 (fr) * 2004-06-29 2006-01-11 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Charnière pour un appareil ménager
EP1612487A2 (fr) 2004-06-29 2006-01-04 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Charnière pour un appareil ménager
EP1619442A1 (fr) 2004-07-16 2006-01-25 Atasan Metal Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi Système de charnière pour des fours de cuisine
US7721388B2 (en) * 2005-11-04 2010-05-25 Poong Won Industry Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US20070101542A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-10 Poong Won Industry Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US20070232135A1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-04 Nuova Star S.P.A. Connection for hinge
US7765643B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2010-08-03 Nuova Star S.P.A. Connection for hinge
US20080016651A1 (en) * 2006-07-18 2008-01-24 Warren Industries Ltd. Integrated hinge assembly with spring biased prop arm
WO2008009100A1 (fr) * 2006-07-18 2008-01-24 Warren Industries Ltd. Ensemble charnière intégré avec bras propulseur contraint par ressort
US7845053B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2010-12-07 Warren Industries Ltd. Integrated hinge assembly with spring biased prop arm
US20100229345A1 (en) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-16 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Appliance door hinge
US8266765B2 (en) 2009-03-11 2012-09-18 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Appliance door hinge
US20100251521A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Door hinge assembly
US20100257698A1 (en) * 2009-04-08 2010-10-14 Nuova Star S.P.A. Hinge for wings or doors
US8286306B2 (en) * 2009-04-08 2012-10-16 Nuova Star S.P.A. Hinge for wings or doors
US20120036681A1 (en) * 2009-05-08 2012-02-16 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Door hinge for opening and closing a door of a domestic appliance
US8584321B2 (en) * 2009-05-08 2013-11-19 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Door hinge for opening and closing a door of a domestic appliance
US10907389B2 (en) * 2009-07-21 2021-02-02 Mansfield Engineered Components, Inc. Slow open and/or slow close hinge assembly and hinge system
US20120060323A1 (en) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-15 Poong Won Industry Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US8474103B2 (en) * 2010-09-13 2013-07-02 Poong Won Industry Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US20130214663A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2013-08-22 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Hinge assembly for household appliances having an horizontally-pivoted front door
US8985717B2 (en) * 2010-11-11 2015-03-24 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Hinge assembly for household appliances having an horizontally-pivoted front door
US9364132B2 (en) * 2012-05-09 2016-06-14 Cerniere Meccaniche Industrial S.r.l. Balanced hinge device with brake
US20150107053A1 (en) * 2012-05-09 2015-04-23 C.M.I. Cemiere Meccaniche Industrial S.r.l. Balanced Hinge Device With Brake
US20150096148A1 (en) * 2012-05-17 2015-04-09 C.M.I. Cerniere Meccaniche Industriali S.R.L. Balanced Hinge Device With Programmable Brake
US9145722B2 (en) * 2012-05-17 2015-09-29 C.M.I. Cerniere Meccaniche Industriali S.R.L. Balanced hinge device with programmable brake
US8707519B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2014-04-29 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Domestic appliance hinge assembly with universal hinge body design
US8806718B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2014-08-19 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Domestic appliance hinge assembly with double linkage
US20160215550A1 (en) * 2013-09-02 2016-07-28 Union Industry Investment (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Hinge
US9181737B1 (en) * 2014-06-03 2015-11-10 Whirlpool Corporation Oven door opening magnetic hinge
US10301866B2 (en) 2015-01-13 2019-05-28 Apparatebau Gronbach GmbH Hinge for household appliance such as oven
US20170096849A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-06 Grass Gmbh & Co. Kg Hinge for a movable furniture part fastened to a body of an item of furniture
US9945169B2 (en) * 2015-10-05 2018-04-17 Grass Gmbh & Co. Kg Hinge for a movable furniture part fastened to a body of an item of furniture
JP2018123655A (ja) * 2017-02-05 2018-08-09 西谷　均 丁番
US11111712B2 (en) 2017-02-06 2021-09-07 Mansfield Engineered Components, Inc. Appliance lid hinge
US10704311B1 (en) * 2017-02-06 2020-07-07 Mansfield Engineered Components, Inc. Appliance lid hinge
US11168505B2 (en) * 2017-03-14 2021-11-09 C.M.I. Cerniere Meccaniche Industrian S.R.L. Motorized hinge device
US10704307B1 (en) * 2017-08-22 2020-07-07 Mansfield Engineered Components, Inc. Adjustable receiver for appliance hinge
US11162288B2 (en) * 2017-12-22 2021-11-02 Seo Won Korea Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US11624223B2 (en) 2018-12-12 2023-04-11 Mansfield Engineered Components, Inc. Side-accessible adjustable receiver for appliance hinge
US11072952B2 (en) * 2019-03-06 2021-07-27 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Side opening door keeper
US20210301569A1 (en) * 2019-03-06 2021-09-30 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Side opening door keeper
US11692382B2 (en) * 2019-03-06 2023-07-04 Bsh Home Appliances Corporation Side opening door keeper
US11781360B2 (en) 2020-02-17 2023-10-10 C.M.I. Cerniere Meccaniche Industriali S.R.L. Hinge device with programmable behavior
US11629542B2 (en) * 2020-05-21 2023-04-18 Seo Won Korea Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US20220145683A1 (en) * 2020-05-21 2022-05-12 Seo Won Korea Co., Ltd. Door hinge
US20230212902A1 (en) * 2020-09-09 2023-07-06 Seo Won Korea Co., Ltd Motor type hinge apparatus for door
WO2022081097A1 (fr) * 2020-10-12 2022-04-21 Turna D.O.O. Charnière de porte pour appareils ménagers
WO2023237564A1 (fr) * 2022-06-09 2023-12-14 C.M.I. Cerniere Meccaniche Industriali S.R.L. Charnière multifonction simplifiée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR0204073A (pt) 2002-12-31
WO2002064925A1 (fr) 2002-08-22
EP1287222A1 (fr) 2003-03-05
BR0204073B1 (pt) 2012-08-07
EP1287222B1 (fr) 2004-04-28

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