Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/70—One oxygen atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/84—Sulfur atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

• the present invention relates to heterocyclic derivatives useful in methods of treating neurologic and other disorders and conditions mediated by the histamine H 3 receptor.
• Histamine [2-(imidazol-4-yl)ethylamine] is a transmitter substance. Histamine exerts a physiological effect via multiple distinct G-protein coupled receptors. It plays a role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions and is released from mast cells following antigen IgE antibody interaction. The actions of released histamine on the vasculature and smooth muscle system account for the symptoms of the allergic response. These actions occur at the H 1 receptor (Ash, A. S. F. and Schild, H. O., Br. J. Pharmacol., 1966, 27, 427) and are blocked by the classical antihistamines (e.g. diphenhydramine). Histamine is also an important regulator of gastric acid secretion through its action on parietal cells.
• H 2 receptor antagonists e.g. cimetidine
• H 2 receptor antagonists e.g. cimetidine
• the third histamine receptor —H 3 — was first described as a presynaptic autoreceptor in the central nervous system (CNS) (Arrang, J. -M., Garbarg, M., and Schwartz, J. -C., Nature 1983, 302, 832) controlling the synthesis and release of histamine.
• H 3 receptors are also located presynaptically as heteroreceptors on serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid containing) neurons. These H 3 receptors have also recently been identified in peripheral tissues such as vascular smooth muscle. Consequently there are many potential therapeutic applications for histamine H 3 agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists.
• histamine H 3 agonists may be beneficial in asthma due to their ability to reduce non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmission in airways and to reduce microvascular leakage (Ichinose et al Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1989,174, 49).
• NANC non-adrenergic non-cholinergic
• histamine H 3 antagonists and inverse agonists have similarly been proposed based on animal pharmacology experiments with known histamine H 3 antagonists (e.g. thioperamide). These include, dementia, Alzheimer's disease (Panula et al Abstr. Society Neuroscience, 1995, 21, 1977), epilepsy (Yokoyama et al Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1993, 234, 129) narcolepsy, eating disorders (Machidori et al Brain Research 1992, 590, 180), motion sickness, vertigo, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), learning and memory (Barnes et al Abstr.
• ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorders
• Histamine H 3 antagonists alone or in combination with a histamine H 1 antagonist, are reported to be useful for the treatment of upper airway allergic response (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,217,986; 5,352,707 and 5,869,479).
• GT-2331 a histamine H 3 antagonist
• Q 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 haloalkyl and C 2-7 alkenyl;
• Q 1 may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, OR 11 , C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl, C 2-5 alkenyl, nitro, amino (H 2 N—), R 11 HN—, R 11 R 12 N—, amido (H 2 NC(O)), R 11 HNC(O), R 11 R 12 NC(O) and R 11 OC(O), and
• R 11 and R 12 are independently C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl or C 2-5 alkenyl;
• M is a moiety of the formula —CH 2 R M , —CHOHR M , —C( ⁇ O)R M or —C( ⁇ N—OH)R M ,
• R M is selected from the group consisting of C 1-7 alkyl, R M1 HN—, R M1 R M2 N—, cycloalkyl, aryl, biaryl and heterocyclyl,
• R M may be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, OR M1 , C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl, C 2-5 alkenyl, nitro, amino (H 2 N—), R M1 HN—, R M1 R M2 N—, amido (H 2 NC(O)), R M1 HNC(O) and R M1 R M2 NC(O), and
• R M1 and R M2 are independently C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl or C 2-5 alkenyl;
• a 3 is NH, NR 3 , sulfur, sulfoxide, sulfone or oxygen, wherein R 3 is C 1-5 alkyl;
• L 3 is C 1-7 alkyl or C 2-7 alkenyl
• L 3 may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, methoxy and amino (H 2 N—);
• Q 3 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 haloalkyl, C 2-7 alkenyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 5-7 cycloalkenyl, aryl, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, (C 3-7 cycloalkyl)-(4-7 membered heterocyclyl, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl) —C 3-7 cycloalkyl, bi-(4-7 membered heterocyclyl), R 31 HN—, R 31 R 32 N—, azinoyl (R 31 HN + (O ⁇ ) or R 31 R 32 N + (O ⁇ )), C 3-7 cycloalkylamino, 4-7 membered heterocyclylamino, aryl C 1-6 alkylamino, C 3-7 cycloalkylsulfanyl, 4-7 membered heterocyclylsulfanyl and 4-7 membered heterocyclyloxy;
• Q 3 may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, OR 31 , C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl, C 2-5 alkenyl, nitro, amino (H 2 N—), R 31 HN—, R 31 R 32 N—, amido (H 2 NC(O)), R 31 HNC(O), R 31 R 32 NC(O), R 31 OC(O), C 3-7 cycloalkyl, monocyclic 4-7 membered heterocyclyl and monocyclic 4-7 membered heterocyclyl C 1-6 alkyl, and
• R 31 and R 32 are independently C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl or C 2-5 alkenyl;
• a 3 and L 3 are absent and Q 3 is sulfanyl
• the disclosed compounds are useful for treating or preventing neurologic disorders including sleep/wake and arousal/vigilance disorders (e.g. insomnia and jet lag), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), learning and memory disorders, cognitive dysfunction, migraine, neurogenic inflammation, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (pre-dementia), Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, narcolepsy, eating disorders, obesity, motion sickness, vertigo, schizophrenia, substance abuse, bipolar disorders, manic disorders and depression, as well as other histamine H 3 receptor mediated disorders such as upper airway allergic response, asthma and allergic rhinitis in a subject in need thereof.
• sleep/wake and arousal/vigilance disorders e.g. insomnia and jet lag
• ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorders
• learning and memory disorders e.g. insomnia and memory disorders
• cognitive dysfunction migraine, neurogenic inflammation, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (pre-dementia), Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, narcolepsy, eating disorders, obesity, motion sickness, vertigo
• the present invention also provides process intermediates useful in preparing compounds of Formula I.
• a preferred embodiment of the present invention is an intermediate compound of the formula (II):
• Q 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 haloalkyl and C 2-7 alkenyl;
• Q 1 may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, OR 11 , C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl, C 2-5 alkenyl, nitro, amino (H 2 N—), R 11 HN—, R 11 R 12 N—, amido (H 2 NC(O)), R 11 HNC(O), R 11 R 12 NC(O) and R 11 OC(O), and
• R 11 and R 12 are independently C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl or C 2-5 alkenyl;
• R M is selected from the group consisting of methyl, R M1 HN—, R M1 R M2 N—, C 5-7 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohetyl), aryl, biaryl (e.g., haphthyl, or (4-phenyl) phenyl and 4-7 membered heterocyclyl with between 0 and 2 heteroatoms,
• cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohetyl
• aryl e.g., haphthyl, or (4-phenyl) phenyl and 4-7 membered heterocyclyl with between 0 and 2 heteroatoms
• R M may be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, OR M1 , C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl, C 2-5 alkenyl, nitro, amino (H 2 N—), R M1 HN—, R M1 R M2 N—, amido (H 2 NC(O)), R M1 HNC(O) and R M1 R M2 NC(O), and
• R M1 and R M2 are independently C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl or C 2-5 alkenyl;
• L 3 is C 1-7 alkyl or C 2-7 alkenyl
• L 3 may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, methoxy and amino (H 2 N—);
• Q 4 is hydrogen
• the invention encompasses the described compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable esters, ethers, N-oxides, amides, salts, hydrates or isotopically labeled forms thereof.
• a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein Q 1 is unsubstituted or substituted C 1-7 alkyl, more preferably unsubstituted or substituted C 1-5 alkyl, and most preferably unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl.
• Preferred substituents are those having a basic amine.
• a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein Q 1 is methyl.
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein M is a moiety of the formula —CH 2 R M , —CHOHR M , —C( ⁇ O)R M or —C( ⁇ N—OH)R M , and more preferably —CHOHR M , —C( ⁇ O)R M or —C( ⁇ N—OH)R M .
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein R M is unsubstituted or substituted C 3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl or 4-7 membered heterocyclyl.
• R M is aryl, and more preferably phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with halo, cyano, hydroxy, methoxy, C 1-3 alkyl, perhalomethyl, nitro or amino, and preferably substituted with F, Cl, Br, cyano, methoxy, C 1-3 alkyl, hydroxy, CF 3 or nitro.
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein A 3 is oxygen, sulfur or NH, and more preferably oxygen or sulfur, and most preferably oxygen.
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein L 3 is unsubstituted or substituted C 1-5 alkyl or C 2-5 alkenyl.
• L 3 is selected from (a) C 1-3 alkyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted, and independently may be unbranched or branched, and (b) C 4-5 alkyl, which is branched or substituted, or both.
• L 3 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl), 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl and 2-ethylpropyl.
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein L 3 is absent.
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein Q 3 is R 31 HN— or R 31 R 32 N—, or an unsubstituted or substituted nitrogen-containing 5-6 membered heterocyclyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl-5-6 membered heterocyclyl, 5-6 membered heterocyclyl —C 3-6 cycloalkyl or bi-heterocyclyl, and more preferably R 31 R 32 N— or an unsubstituted or substituted nitrogen-containing 5-6 membered heterocyclyl.
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein: Q 1 is methyl; M is a moiety of the formula —CH 2 R M , —CHOHR M , —C( ⁇ O)R M or —C( ⁇ N—OH)R M ; R M is phenyl (or pyridinyl, or both) unsubstituted or substituted with F, Cl, Br, cyano, methoxy, C 1-3 alkyl, CF 3 or nitro; A 3 is oxygen or sulfur; L 3 is selected from (a) C 1-3 alkyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted, and independently may be unbranched or branched, and (b) C 4-5 alkyl, which is branched or substituted, or both; and Q 3 is R 31 R 32 N—.
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I wherein: Q 1 is methyl; M is a moiety of the formula —CH 2 R M , —CHOHR M or —C( ⁇ O)R M ; R M is phenyl unsubstituted or substituted with F, Cl, Br, cyano, methoxy, C 1-3 alkyl, CF 3 or nitro; A 3 is oxygen or sulfur; L 3 is unsubstituted or substituted C 1-5 alkyl or C 2-5 alkenyl, or L 3 is absent; and Q 3 is an unsubstituted or substituted nitrogen-containing 5-6 membered heterocyclyl (e.g., piperidino, piperazino, or N-substituted 4-piperidinyl).
• Q 1 is methyl
• M is a moiety of the formula —CH 2 R M , —CHOHR M or —C( ⁇ O)R M
• R M is phenyl unsubstitute
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compound of formula I wherein:
• Q 1 is C 1-3 alkyl
• Q 1 may be substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of amino, R 11 HN—, R 11 R 12 N—, amido, R 11 HNC(O), R 11 R 12 NC(O) and R 11 OC(O), and
• R 11 and R 12 are independently C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl or C 2-5 alkenyl;
• M is a moiety of the formula —CH 2 R M , —CHOHR M , or —C( ⁇ O)R M ,
• R M is selected from the group consisting of C 1-3 alkyl, R M1 HN—, C 13 R M1 R M2 N—, C 5-7 cycloalkyl, aryl, biaryl and 4-7 membered heterocyclyl containing between 1 and 2 heteroatoms,
• R M may be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, OR M1 , C 1-5 alkyl, nitro, and amino; and
• a 3 is sulfur or oxygen
• L 3 is C 1-7 alkyl or C 2-7 alkenyl
• L 3 may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, methoxy and amino (H 2 N—);
• Q 3 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 haloalkyl, C 2-7 alkenyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 1-7 cycloalkenyl, aryl, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl-4-7 membered heterocyclyl, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl-C 3-7 cycloalkyl, bi-(4-7 membered heterocyclyl), R 31 HN—, R 31 R 32 N—, azinoyl, C 3-7 cycloalkylamino, 4-7 membered heterocyclylamino, aryl C 1-6 alkylamino, C 3-7 cycloalkylsulfanyl, 4-7 membered heterocyclylsulfanyl and 4-7 membered heterocyclyloxy;
• Q 3 may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, hydroxy, OR 3 ′, C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl, C 2-5 alkenyl, nitro, amino, R 31 HN—, R 31 R 32 N—, amido, R 31 HNC(O), R 31 R 32 NC(O), R 31 OC(O), C 3-7 cycloalkyl, monocyclic 4-7 membered heterocyclyl and monocyclic 4-7 membered heterocyclylalkyl, and
• R 31 and R 32 are independently C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 haloalkyl or C 2-5 alkenyl;
• a 3 and L 3 are absent and Q 3 is sulfanyl
• Preferred compounds of the present invention are as described in Examples I through V and XI through XVI.
• More preferred compounds of the present invention are:
• the present invention provides methods for the treatment of disorders and conditions modulated by a histamine receptor, more particularly the H 3 receptor, each method comprising administering a disclosed heterocyclic derivative.
• Illustrative of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of disorders mediated by the histamine H 3 receptor, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a disclosed compound.
• the invention also provides a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising formulating any of the compounds described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Exemplifying the invention are methods of treating neurologic disorders including sleep wake disturbances, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and cognitive dysfunction in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions described herein.
• An example of the invention is a method for treatment of sleep wake disturbances, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and cognitive dysfunction in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions described herein.
• [0097] Further illustrating the invention is a method of treating one or more conditions selected from the group consisting of sleep/wake and arousal/vigilance disorders, migraine, neurogenic inflammation, asthma, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (pre-dementia), Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, narcolepsy, eating disorders, obesity, motion sickness, vertigo, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, learning and memory disorders, schizophrenia, upper airway allergic response, allergic rhinitis, substance abuse, bipolar disorders, manic disorders and depression in a subject in need thereof, said method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions described herein.
• sleep/wake and arousal/vigilance disorders migraine, neurogenic inflammation, asthma, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (pre-dementia), Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, narcolepsy, eating disorders, obesity, motion sickness, vertigo, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, learning and memory disorders, schizophrenia, upper airway allergic response, allergic rhinitis
• the salts of the compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic “pharmaceutically acceptable salts.”
• Other salts may, however, be useful in the preparation of compounds according to this invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds include acid addition salts, which may, for example, be formed by mixing a solution of the compound with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid or phosphoric acid.
• suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali salts, for example, sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth salts, for example, calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed with suitable organic ligands, for example, quaternary ammonium salts.
• alkali salts for example, sodium or potassium salts
• alkaline earth salts for example, calcium or magnesium salts
• salts formed with suitable organic ligands for example, quaternary ammonium salts.
• Representative pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the following:
• the present invention also provides prodrugs of the compounds of this invention.
• prodrugs refer to compounds that are readily convertible in vivo into a compound of Formula I.
• administering shall encompass the treatment of the various disorders described with the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound that may not be specifically disclosed, but that converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the subject. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in “Design of Prodrugs”, ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.
• the compounds according to this invention may accordingly exist as enantiomers. Where the compounds possess two or more chiral centers, they may additionally exist as diastereomers. It is to be understood that all such isomers and mixtures thereof are encompassed within the scope of the present invention. It is also understood that certain compounds of the present invention may possess structural arrangements that permit the structure to exist as tautomers, and as such, these tautomers are intended to be included in the present invention. Furthermore, some of the crystalline forms for the compounds may exist as polymorphs and as such are intended to be included in the present invention. In addition, some of the compounds may form solvates with water (i.e., hydrates) or common organic solvents, and such solvates are also intended to be encompassed within the scope of this invention.
• halo or “halogen” shall mean chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine.
• alkyl whether used alone or as part of a substituent group, shall include unbranched and branched carbon chains, preferably of one to seven carbon atoms and more preferably of one to five carbon atoms, or one to three carbons, that are mono- or di-valent.
• methyl is used, which connotes the functional group (—CH 3 ), or (—CH 2 —), as is chemically appropriate for a given substitution.
• Alkyl groups include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and the like.
• haloalkyl shall denote unbranched or branched, mono- or di-valent “alkyl” groups substituted with one or more “halo” atoms, preferably one to five “halo” atoms, more preferably one to three “halo” atoms.
• Haloalkyl” groups shall include partially and fully halogenated groups and groups with mixed halogens such as —CHCl—CH 2 Cl, —CF 3 , —CFCl 2 , —CH(CH 2 Br)—(CH 2 ) 3 —CH 21 and —CCl 2 —CH(CHCl 2 )—CHCl—.
• alkenyl whether used alone or as part of a substituent group, shall include unbranched and branched carbon chains, preferably of two to seven carbon atoms and more preferably of two to five carbon atoms, that are mono- or di-valent.
• alkenyl groups include vinyl, ethylidine (for example, ethan-1-ylidene and ethan-1-yl-2-ylidene), allyl, pent-3-enyl, pent[3]eno, 3-methylhex-4-enyl, and the like.
• alkoxy shall denote the functional group (R—O ⁇ ), where R is a mono-valent straight or branched chain “alkyl” group as described above. For example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-hexyloxy, and the like.
• cycloalkyl shall denote a three- to eight-membered, saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring structure. Suitable examples include cyclopropyl, cylcobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and the like.
• cycloalkenyl shall denote a three- to eight-membered, partially unsaturated, monocyclic, carbocyclic ring structure (preferably a five- to eight-membered, partially unsaturated, monocyclic, carbocyclic ring structure), wherein the ring structure contains at least one double bond. Suitable examples include cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl, and the like.
• aryl shall refer to carbocyclic aromatic groups such as phenyl, naphthyl, (4-phenyl) phenyl and the like.
• arylalkyl shall mean any “alkyl” group substituted with an aryl group such as phenyl, naphthyl, and the like, wherein the arylalkyl group is bound through the alkyl portion.
• arylalkyl examples include benzyl, phenethyl, and napthylmethyl.
• heterocycle shall denote any three- to eight-membered (preferably four- to seven-membered, and more preferably four- to six-membered) monocyclic, seven- to eleven-membered (preferably eight- to ten-membered) bicyclic, or eleven- to fourteen-membered tricyclic ring structure containing at least one (e.g., between 1 and 2, or between 1 and 3) heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, optionally containing one to four (e.g., between 1 and 2, or between 1 and 3) additional heteroatoms, wherein the ring structure is saturated, partially unsaturated, aromatic or partially aromatic. Attachment through any heteroatom or carbon atom of the heterocyclyl group that results in the creation of a stable structure is included within this term.
• Exemplary monocyclic heterocyclyl groups can include azetidinyl, thietanyl, pyrrolidyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl (such as 1H-[1,2,4]triazolyl and 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl), tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazaolyl, thiadiazolyl, piperidyl, pyridyl, didehydropiperidyl, N-oxo-pyridyl, piperazyl, pyrimidyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, azepinyl, diazepanyl, and the like.
• triazolyl such as 1H-[1,2,4]triazo
• Exemplary bicyclic heterocyclyl groups can include thienofuryl, pyrrolopyridyl, furopyridyl, thienopyridyl, indolinyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, indazolyl, tetrahydroindazolyl, benzimidazolyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinuclidinyl, 3,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinazolinyl, and the like.
• Exemplary tricyclic heterocylclyl groups can include carbozolyl, acridyl, phenazyl, phenoxazyl, phenothiazinyl, thianthrenyl, and the like.
• heterocyclylalkyl shall mean any “alkyl” group substituted with a heterocyclyl group such as piperidyl or pyridyl, and the like, wherein the heterocyclylalkyl group is bound to the rest of the molecule through the alkyl portion.
• cycloalkyl-heterocyclyl As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the terms “cycloalkyl-heterocyclyl”, “heterocyclyl-cycloalkyl”, “bi-heterocyclyl” and “biaryl” shall denote independently selected pairs of cyclic systems directly joined to each other by a single bond.
• cycloalkylamino shall denote a secondary amino group substituted with cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and arylalkyl groups, respectively, wherein the cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, and arylalkylamino substituents are bound through the amino nitrogen.
• substituent groups include, but are not limited to, cyclohexylamino, piperidin-4-ylamino, benzylamino, and the like.
• substituents preferably from one to five substituents, more preferably from one to three substituents, most preferably from one to two substituents, independently selected from the list of substituents.
• substituents are independently selected from halo, cyano, C 1-5 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, nitro, aryl, arylalkyl, and the like.
• phenyl(alkyl)amido(alkyl) refers to a group of the formula:
• subject refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who has been the object of treatment, observation or experiment.
• terapéuticaally effective amount means that amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent, alone or in combination with another agent according to the particular aspect of the invention, that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician, which includes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease or disorder being treated.
• a method of treatment relating to a disclosed compound and another compound specified in the claim can include (a) an independently therapeutically effective amount of the disclosed compound and an independently therapeutically effective amount of the specified compound; (b) an independently sub-therapeutically effective amount of a disclosed compound and an independently sub-therapeutically effective amount of the specified compound; or (c) an independently therapeutically effective amount of one compound and an independently sub-therapeutically effective amount of the other compound.
• the invention features any of the above combinations such that the co-administration steps, the co-administration amounts, or both the steps and the amounts together provide the desired pharmaceutical effect. Advantages of such co-administration can include improvement in the side-effect profiles of one or more of the co-administered agents.
• composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product that results, directly or indirectly, from combinations of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
• the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by the following reaction schemes.
• the starting materials and reagents used in the following schemes are commercially available from such specialty chemical vendors, as Aldrich Chemicals Co., Fluka Chemical Corporation, and the like, or alternatively can be readily prepared by one of ordinary skill in the art.
• the choice of scheme is a matter of discretion that is within the capabilities of one of ordinary skill in the art.
• the processes for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention give rise to mixture of stereoisomers
• these isomers may be separated by conventional techniques such as preparative chromatography.
• the compounds may be prepared in racemic form, or individual enantiomers may be prepared either by enantiospecific synthesis or by resolution.
• the compounds may, for example, be resolved into their component enantiomers by standard techniques, such as the formation of diastereomeric pairs by salt formation with an optically active acid, such as ( ⁇ )-di-p-toluoyl-d-tartaric acid and/or (+)-di-p-toluoyl-1-tartaric acid followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free base.
• the compounds may also be resolved by formation of diastereomeric esters or amides, followed by chromatographic separation and removal of the chiral auxiliary. Alternatively, the compounds may be resolved using a chiral HPLC column.
• any of the processes for preparation of the compounds of the present invention it may be necessary and/or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules concerned. This may be achieved by means of conventional protecting groups, such as those described in “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, ed. J. F. W. McOmie, Plenum Press, 1973; and T. W. Greene & P. G. M. Wuts, “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999. The protecting groups may be removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods known from the art.
• This disclosure includes Schemes I, II, III, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII.
• optionally substituted compound 1 is treated first with a base, preferably an organometallic base (e.g. n-BuLi, LTMP, LDA, LHMDS or, more preferably, t-BuLi), at a low-temperature gradient (preferably from ⁇ 78° C. to 0° C.) in a solvent such as diethyl ether, benzene, DME or, preferably, THF, and is then treated with aidehyde R M CHO at low temperature (preferably ⁇ 78° C.) to yield compound 2.
• a base preferably an organometallic base (e.g. n-BuLi, LTMP, LDA, LHMDS or, more preferably, t-BuLi)
• a solvent such as diethyl ether, benzene, DME or, preferably, THF
• compound 3 is treated with an oxidizing agent (e.g. KMnO 4 , PCC, PDC, “Swern” oxidation reagents such as (COCl) 2 /DMSO/Et 3 N, or, preferably, MnO 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 ) to yield the desired compound 5 of the present invention.
• an oxidizing agent e.g. KMnO 4 , PCC, PDC, “Swern” oxidation reagents such as (COCl) 2 /DMSO/Et 3 N, or, preferably, MnO 2 in CH 2 Cl 2
• compound 2 may be treated with Br—L 3 —Cl in the presence of a base (e.g. NaH, KOH or, preferably, K 2 CO 3 in acetone) to provide compound 4.
• a base e.g. NaH, KOH or, preferably, K 2 CO 3 in acetone
• Compound 4 may be treated with an oxidizing agent, preferably MnO 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 , to yield compound 6, which is then treated with primary or secondary amine Q 3 -H in the presence of a base (e.g. K 2 CO 3 /acetone) to yield the desired compound 5 of the present invention.
• compound 4 may be treated with primary or secondary amine Q 3 —H in the presence of a base (e.g. K 2 CO 3 /acetone) to provide compound 3, which is then treated with an oxidizing agent, preferably MnO 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 , to again yield the desired compound 5 of the present invention.
• alpha-bromoketone 7 is treated with methylamine in diethyl ether, followed by a solution of formyl acetic anhydride (preformed from the reaction of acetic anhydride and formic acid) to afford compound 8.
• Compound 8 is treated with ethyl formate and an alkoxide (e.g. sodium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide or, preferably, sodium ethoxide) in a solvent such as benzene or, preferably, THF, then cooled and treated with hydrochloric acid (10%) and potassium thiocyanate to give compound 9.
• an alkoxide e.g. sodium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide or, preferably, sodium ethoxide
• Compound 9 is then treated with halide X-L 3 —Q 3 , where X is preferably chlorine, in the presence of a base (e.g. NaH, KOH or, preferably, Cs 2 CO 3 ) to provide the desired compound 5a of the present invention.
• a base e.g. NaH, KOH or, preferably, Cs 2 CO 3
• compound 5b (in which Q 4 is hydrogen) is treated with an oxidizing agent, preferably hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid or 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in dichloromethane or diethyl ether, to provide compound 10.
• an oxidizing agent preferably hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid or 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in dichloromethane or diethyl ether.
• Desired compound 11 of the present invention is obtained upon treatment of compound 10 with H—A 3 —L 3 —Q 3 in the presence of a base (e.g. KH or, preferably, NaH) in a solvent such as DMF, benzene, DME or, preferably, THF.
• a base e.g. KH or, preferably, NaH
• Desired compound 26 of the present invention is obtained upon reduction of compound 25 under “Wolff-Kishner” conditions, that is, treatment with hydrazine in the presence of a base (e.g. KOH, NaOH or, preferably, KOt-Bu) in a solvent such as ethylene glycol or, preferably, butanol at elevated temperature (e.g. 100° C.).
• a base e.g. KOH, NaOH or, preferably, KOt-Bu
• solvent such as ethylene glycol or, preferably, butanol at elevated temperature (e.g. 100° C.).
• Compound 25 is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of NaOAc or, preferably, pyridine in an alcoholic solvent (e.g. methanol or, preferably, ethanol) at elevated temperature (e.g. 80° C.) to afford the desired oxime compound 27 of the present invention.
• an alcoholic solvent e.g. methanol or, preferably, ethanol
• elevated temperature e.g. 80° C.
• Compound 20 is treated with an organolithium base (e.g. LDA, t-BuLi or, preferably, n-BuLi) at low temperature (preferably ⁇ 78° C.) in a solvent such as DME, diethyl ether or, preferably, THF, followed by treatment with an organodisulfide, preferably diphenyldisulfide, to afford compound 28.
• an organolithium base e.g. LDA, t-BuLi or, preferably, n-BuLi
• a solvent such as DME, diethyl ether or, preferably, THF
• an organodisulfide preferably diphenyldisulfide
• Compound 29 is obtained by treating compound 28 with a base (e.g. LHMDS, LDA or, preferably, LTMP) at low temperature (preferably ⁇ 78° C.) in a solvent such as THF, followed by aldehyde R M CHO.
• Compound 29 is
• oxidation reagents such as (COCl) 2 /DMSO/Et 3 N or, preferably, MnO 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 ) to yield compound 30, which is treated with an oxidizing agent (e.g. hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid, 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in dichloromethane, or, preferably, 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in diethyl ether) to provide compound 31.
• Desired compound 25 of the present invention is obtained upon treatment of compound 31 with H—A 3 —L 3 —Q 3 in the presence of a base (e.g. KH or, preferably, NaH) in a solvent such as DMF, benzene, DME or, preferably, THF.
• a base e.g. KH or, preferably, NaH
• Compound 28 is treated with an oxidizing agent (e.g. hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid or, preferably, 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in diethyl ether) to provide compound 32.
• an oxidizing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid or, preferably, 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in diethyl ether
• Compound 33 is obtained upon treatment of compound 32 with H—A 3 —L 3 —Q 3 in the presence of a base (e.g. KH or, preferably, NaH) in a solvent such as DMF, benzene, DME or, preferably, THF.
• Compound 34 is obtained by treating compound 33 with a base (e.g. LHMDS, LDA or, preferably, LTMP) at low temperature (preferably ⁇ 78° C.) in a solvent such as THF, followed by aldehyde R M CHO.
• a base e.g. LHMDS, LDA or,
• Compound 34 is treated with an oxidizing agent (e.g. KMnO 4 , PCC, PDC, “Swern” oxidation reagents such as (COCl) 2 /DMSO/Et 3 N or, preferably, MnO 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 ) to yield the desired compound 25 of the present invention.
• an oxidizing agent e.g. KMnO 4 , PCC, PDC, “Swern” oxidation reagents such as (COCl) 2 /DMSO/Et 3 N or, preferably, MnO 2 in CH 2 Cl 2
• Compound 35 is treated with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid to provide desired compounds 36 of the present invention as a mixture of desired oxidation states.
• the product mixture is separated by chromatography (e.g. flash chromatography on silica gel).
• Desired compound 38 of the present invention is obtained by treating compound 37 with an amine in the presence of a reducing agent such as NaBH 3 CN or, preferably, NaBH(OAc) 3 in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, CF 3 CH 2 OH or, preferably, 1,2-dichloroethane.
• a reducing agent such as NaBH 3 CN or, preferably, NaBH(OAc) 3 in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, CF 3 CH 2 OH or, preferably, 1,2-dichloroethane.
• the present invention provides a series of heterocyclic derivatives with the ability to modulate the activity of a histamine receptor, specifically the H 3 receptor.
• These heterocycles include N(1)-substituted imidazoles that contain both 2- and 5- substituents.
• the histamine H 3 receptor binding effectiveness of compounds of the present invention was determined using the human histamine H 3 receptor, Lovenberg et al Mol. Pharmacol. 1999, 1107. Screening using the human receptor is particularly important for the identification of new therapies for the treatment of human disease.
• Prior binding assays for example, relied on rat synaptosomes (Garbarg et al J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1992, 263, 304), rat cortical membranes (West et al Mol. Pharmacol. 1990, 610), and guinea pig brain (Korte et al Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 978).
• the present invention also provides methods useful for the treatment of diseases or conditions that are modulated by the histamine H 3 receptor including, but not limited to, sleep/wake and arousal/vigilance disorders, migraine, asthma, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (pre-dementia), Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, narcolepsy, eating disorders, obesity, motion sickness, vertigo, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, learning and memory disorders, schizophrenia, upper airway allergic response, allergic rhinitis, substance abuse, bipolar disorders, manic disorders and depression.
• diseases or conditions that are modulated by the histamine H 3 receptor including, but not limited to, sleep/wake and arousal/vigilance disorders, migraine, asthma, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (pre-dementia), Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, narcolepsy, eating disorders, obesity, motion sickness, vertigo, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, learning and memory disorders, schizophrenia, upper airway allergic response, allergic rhinitis, substance abuse, bipolar disorders, manic disorders and depression
• the present invention also provides compositions and methods useful for the treatment of disorders or conditions modulated by the histamine H 3 receptor in combination with compounds that modulate other receptors including, but not limited to, histamine H 1 and histamine H 2 receptors.
• the compounds, compositions and methods of the present invention are also useful in the treatment of diseases or conditions modulated by the histamine H 3 receptor (such as depression or other CNS disorders) in combination with compounds that are selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as PROZACTM, and selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitors.
• SSRIs serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
• PROZACTM selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitors
• the present invention provides methods for treating various disorders associated with histamine H 3 antagonist activity by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a composition comprising said compound, to a subject in need of such treatment. Also included in the present invention are methods of co-administration, comprising administering at least one disclosed compound and administering at least one agent selected from a histamine H 1 receptor modulating compound, a histamine H 2 receptor modulating compound, an SSRI (such as PROZACTM), and a selective norepinephrine uptake inhibiting compound; and combination compositions thereof.
• Co-administration includes essentially simultaneous administration of either a co-formulated combination or separate formulations, and administration of separate formulations at different times.
• the present invention provides a method of treating disorders and conditions mediated by the H 3 receptor, particularly a method of treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (i.e. improving attention and/or memory retention), in a subject in need thereof that comprises administering any of the compounds as defined herein in a therapeutically effective amount.
• ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• the compound may be administered to a subject by any conventional route of administration, including, but not limited to, intravenous, oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal and parenteral.
• the quantity of the compound that is effective for treating ADHD is between 0.01 mg per kg and 20 mg per kg of subject body weight.
• the present invention provides a method for treating dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease, wherein a compound of the present invention acts as a histamine H 3 antagonist (Panula et al Abstr. Society Neuroscience, 1995, 21, 1977).
• the present invention provides a method for treating epilepsy according to (Yokoyama et al Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1993, 234, 129), wherein a compound of the present invention acts as a histamine H 3 antagonist.
• the present invention provides a method for treating narcolepsy and/or eating disorders based on the reference, Machidori et al Brain Research 1992, 590,180, where a compound of the present invention acts as a histamine H 3 antagonist.
• the present invention provides a method for treating one or more disorders or conditions selected from a group consisting of motion sickness, vertigo, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), and learning and memory disorders, wherein a compound of the present invention acts as a histamine H 3 antagonist, based on the reference, Barnes et al Abstr. Society Neuroscience, 1993,19,1813.
• the present invention provides a method for treating schizophrenia based on the reference, Schlicker et al Naunyn - Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol., 1996, 353, 290-294, wherein a compound of the present invention acts as a histamine H 3 antagonist.
• the present invention provides a method of treating upper airway allergic response by administering a compound of the present invention alone, or in combination with a histamine H 1 antagonist. Such utility is reported in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,217,986; 5,352,707 and 5,869,479.
• compositions comprising one or more compounds of this invention in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• these compositions are in unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills, capsules, powders, granules, sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions, metered aerosol or liquid sprays, drops, ampoules, autoinjector devices or suppositories; for oral, parenteral, intranasal, sublingual or rectal administration, or for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
• the composition may be presented in a form suitable for once-weekly or once-monthly administration; for example, an insoluble salt of the active compound, such as the decanoate salt, may be adapted to provide a depot preparation for intramuscular injection.
• an insoluble salt of the active compound such as the decanoate salt
• the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier, e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and other pharmaceutical diluents, e.g. water, to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a pharmaceutical carrier e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium
• preformulation compositions when referring to these preformulation compositions as homogeneous, it is meant that the active ingredient is dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be readily subdivided into equally effective dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules.
• This solid preformulation composition is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from 1 to about 1000 mg of the active ingredient of the present invention.
• the tablets or pills of the novel composition can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action.
• the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
• the two components can be separated by an enteric layer, which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
• enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
• enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate.
• the liquid forms in which the novel compositions of the present invention may be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include, aqueous solutions, suitably flavoured syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavoured emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
• Suitable dispersing or suspending agents for aqueous suspensions include synthetic and natural gums such as tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyinyl-pyrrolidone or gelatin.
• sterile suspensions and solutions are desired. Isotonic preparations which generally contain suitable preservatives are employed when intravenous administration is desired.
• compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily.
• compounds for the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in that art.
• the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen.
• the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water and the like.
• suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the mixture.
• suitable binders include, without limitation, starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.
• Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.
• the compounds of the present invention can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multilamellar vesicles.
• Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phophatidylcholines.
• Compounds of the present invention may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled.
• the compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers.
• Such polymers can include polyinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamidephenol, polyhydroxyethylaspartamidephenol, or polyethyl-eneoxidepolylysine substituted with palmitoyl residue.
• the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross-linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
• a drug for example, polylactic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross-linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
• Compounds of this invention may be administered in any of the foregoing compositions and according to dosage regimens established in the art whenever treatment of disorders or conditions mediated by the histamine H 3 receptor (e.g. ADHD) is required.
• histamine H 3 receptor e.g. ADHD
• the daily dosage of the products may be varied over a wide range from 1 to 1,000 mg per adult human per day.
• the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, 250 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the subject to be treated.
• An effective amount of the drug is ordinarily supplied at a dosage level of from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg of body weight per day.
• the range is from about 0.02 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg of body weight per day, and especially from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg of body weight per day.
• the compounds may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day.
• Optimal dosages to be administered may be readily determined by those skilled in the art, and will vary with the particular compound used, the strength of the preparation, the mode of administration, and the advancement of the disease condition. In addition, factors associated with the particular subject being treated, including subject age, weight, diet and time of administration, will result in the need to adjust dosages.
• the methods of treatment described in the present invention may also be carried out using a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the compounds as defined herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutical composition may contain between about 5 mg and 1000 mg, preferably about 10 to 500 mg, of the compound, and may be constituted into any form suitable for the mode of administration selected.
• Carriers include necessary and inert pharmaceutical excipients, including, but not limited to, binders, suspending agents, lubricants, flavorants, sweeteners, preservatives, dyes, and coatings.
• compositions suitable for oral administration include solid forms, such as pills, tablets, caplets, capsules (each including immediate release, timed release and sustained release formulations), granules, and powders, and liquid forms, such as solutions, syrups, elixirs, emulsions, and suspensions.
• forms useful for parenteral administration include sterile solutions, emulsions and suspensions.
• the present invention also provides isotopically labeled compounds useful for positron emission tomography (PET), a non-invasive in vivo imaging technique, and/or for absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion (ADME) studies.
• PET positron emission tomography
• ADME absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion
• Positron emission tomography uses positron emitting radioisotopes as molecular probes.
• a compound containing positron emitting nuclides such as 11 C, 13 N, 15 O or 13 F
• annihilation radiation can be detected electronically using a coincidence technique.
• PET measurements can, for example, provide information about the location and density of receptors.
• an appropriately labeled compound provides a useful molecular probe and diagnostic tool for studying central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
• CNS central nervous system
• 18 F-labeled compounds which may be prepared from nitro-substituted, electron-deficient phenyl precursors by nucleophilic aromatic substitution using [ 18 F]fluoride ion. Nucleophilic fluorinations may be performed under anhydrous conditions in an inert atmosphere in a non-hydrolytic solvent, usually in the presence of a phase transfer agent, for example, Kryptofix 2.2.2® or tetra-N-butylammonium hydrogen carbonate. (Ding, Y. -S. et al J. Med. Chem., 1991, 34, 767-771).
• a phase transfer agent for example, Kryptofix 2.2.2® or tetra-N-butylammonium hydrogen carbonate.
• Step B Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-dimethylamino-ethylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol
• Step C Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-dimethylamino-ethylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]methanone
• Step D Additional Compounds Prepared Following Scheme I and Example I, Steps A, B, and C.
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is thiol (SH);
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is absent; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-(2-mercapto-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanol;
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 4-methylpentyl; and
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 4-methylpentyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(4-methylpentylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol;
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is ethyl;
• Q 3 is tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy;
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chloro-phenyl)- ⁇ 3-methyl-2-[2-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-ethylsulfanyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl ⁇ -methanol;
• 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ 7.35-7.29 (m, 4H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 5.78 (s, 1H), 4.59-4.54 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.49 (s, 3
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 2-hydroxyethyl; and
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is ethyl;
• Q 3 is cyclohexylsulfanyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-cyclohexylsulfanyl-ethylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is ethyl;
• Q 3 is tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy;
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chloro-phenyl)- ⁇ 3-methyl-2-[2-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-ethylsulfanyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl ⁇ -methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 2-hydroxyethyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is ethyl;
• Q 3 is cyclohexylsulfanyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[2-(2-cyclohexylsulfany-ethylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ 7.70 (dm), 7.39 (dm), 3.82 (s), 3.41-3.38 (m), 2.90-2.81 (m); and
• This example demonstrates the preparation of a compound of Formula I following Scheme I, wherein M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ; R M is p-chlorophenyl; A 3 is sulfur; L 3 is n-propyl; Q 3 is dimethylamino; and Q 1 is methyl.
• this compound can be prepared following Schemes II, IX, and X.
• Step A Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(3-chloro-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol
• Step B Preparation of (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[2-(3-chloro-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone
• Example II The product of Example II, Step A (2.1 g) was subjected to the same conditions as described in Example I, Step C (MnO 2 , 0.3 g) to provide (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[2-(3-chloro-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone (1.7 g, 81%).
• Step C Preparation of (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[2-(3-dimethylamino-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]methanone
• Step D Additional compounds prepared following Scheme I and Example II, Steps A, B, and C.
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 3-chloropropyl; and
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol;
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 4-morpholinyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-morpholin-4-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 4-morpholinyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-morpholin-4-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is cyclohexylamino;
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[2-(3-cyclohexylamino-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is benzylamino; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, [2-(3-Benzylamino-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-(4-bromo-phenyl)-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 4-thiomorpholinyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-thiomorpholin-4-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• Step B (4-Bromophenyl)-[2-(3-chloro-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol
• Step C (4-Bromophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol
• Step D (4-Bromophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone
• Step E Additional compounds prepared following Scheme I, and Example III, Steps A, B, C, and D.
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 3-chloropropyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(3-chloro-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is dimethylamino; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[2-(3-dimethylamino-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-(3,4-didehydropiperidyl);
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chloro-phenyl)- ⁇ 2-[3-(3,4-didehydropiperidin-1-yl)-propylsulfanyl]-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl ⁇ -methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 4-thiomorpholinyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-chloro-phenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-thiomorpholin-4-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-[1,4′]Bipiperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, [2-(3-[1,4′]Bipiperidinyl-1′-yl-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-(4-chloro-phenyl)-methanone;
• M+H found 461; and
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 3-chloropropyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[2-(3-chloropropylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• This example teaches the preparation of a compound of Formula I following Scheme II, wherein M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ; R M is p-chlorophenyl; A 3 is sulfur; L 3 is ethyl; Q 3 is 2-(1-methyl-pyrrolidyl); and Q 1 is methyl.
• Step A (4-Chlorophenyl)-(2-mercapto-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanone
• Step B Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)- ⁇ 3-methyl-2-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-ethylsulfanyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl ⁇ -methanone
• Step C Additional compounds prepared following Scheme II, and Example IV, Steps A, and B.
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is 2-methylpropyl;
• Q 3 is dimethylamino; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[2-(3-dimethylamino-2-methyl-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-methyl-piperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-ylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-(4-methyl-piperazyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chloro-phenyl)- ⁇ 3-methyl-2-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-propylsulfanyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl ⁇ -methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is phenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is dimethylamino; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, [2-(3-Dimethylamino-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl-methanone;
• This example teaches the preparation of a compound of Formula I following Scheme III, wherein M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ; R M is p-chlorophenyl; A 3 is oxygen; L 3 is methyl, Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropyl-piperidyl); and Q 1 is methyl.
• Step A Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-(3-methyl-2-propylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanol
• Example II The product of Example I, Step A (3.35 g) was subjected to the same conditions as described in Example I, Step B except that bromopropane (1.4 mL) was employed as the alkylating agent to provide (4-Chlorophenyl)-(3-methyl-2-propylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanol (2.69 g, 71%).
• Calculated for C 14 H 17 N 2 OSCl C, 56.65; H, 5.77, 9.44; found C, 55.88; H, 5.88; N, 9.84.
• Step B Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-(3-methyl-2-propylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanone
• Example V The product of Example V, Step A (2.69 g) was subjected to the same conditions as described in Example I, Step C (MnO 2 , 3.39 g) to provide (4-Chlorophenyl)-(3-methyl-2-propylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanone (2.67 g, 85%).
• Step C Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(propane-1-sulfonyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone
• Step D Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone
• Step E Additional compounds prepared following Scheme III, and Example V, Steps A, B, C, and D.
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfoxide (S ⁇ O);
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is methyl;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is ethyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is NH;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propylamino)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropyl-piperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is dimethylamino; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(3-dimethylamino-propoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-piperidin-4-yl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, 4-[5[(4-bromobenzoyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yloxymethyl]-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is ethyl;
• Q 3 is 1-(4-isopropylpiperazyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)- ⁇ 2-[2-(4-isopropyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl ⁇ -methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is phenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, [3-Methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is ethan-1-yl-2-ylidene;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropyl-piperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)- ⁇ 2-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-ylidene)-ethoxy]-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl ⁇ -methanone;
• Step F Additional Compounds that can be Prepared Following Scheme III and Example V, Steps A, B, C, and D, and E.
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 /CD 3 OD ( ⁇ 1:1): ⁇ 7.57 (m, 4H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 4.27 (d, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 2.10 (brs, 1H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.59 (m, 2H).
• Step G Additional Compounds that can be Prepared Following Scheme III and Example V, Steps A, B, C, D, E and F.
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is ethyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropylpiperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)- ⁇ 2-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-yl)-ethoxy]-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl ⁇ -methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-ethyl-piperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[2-(1-ethyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-sec-butyl-piperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[2-(1-sec-butyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-methyl-piperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl methoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-[1-(3-methylbutyl)-piperidyl]; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)- ⁇ 3-methyl-2-[1-(3-methyl-butyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy]-3H-imidazol-4-yl ⁇ -methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-bromophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1′-isopropyl-[1,4′]bipiperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Bromophenyl)-[2-(1′-isopropyl-[1,4′]bipiperidinyl-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M+H found 503; and
• Step A Preparation of 1-Methyl-2-phenylsulfanyl-1H-imidazole
• Step B Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-(3-methyl-2-phenylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanol
• Step C Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-(3-methyl-2-phenylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanone
• Step D Preparation of (2-Benzenesulfonyl-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-(4-chlorophenyl)-methanone
• Step E Preparation of (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone
• Step F Additional Compounds Prepared Following Scheme IX, and Example XI, Steps A, B, C, D, and E.
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R 1 is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is dimethylamino; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(3-dimethylamino-propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(4-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-phenoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is absent;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropyl-piperidyl); and
• Step G Additional Compounds that can be Prepared Following Scheme IX and Example XI, Steps A, B C, D, and E.
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is sulfur;
• L 3 is n-butyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(4-piperidin-1-yl-butylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• This example teaches the preparation of a compound of Formula I following Scheme X, wherein M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ; R M is 1-naphthalenyl; A 3 is oxygen; L 3 is propyl; Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and Q 1 is methyl.
• Step B Preparation of 1-[3-(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yloxy)-propyl]-piperidine
• Step C Preparation of [3-Methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-1-yl-methanol
• Step E Additional compounds prepared following Scheme X, and Example XII, Steps A, B, C, and D.
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is methyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is 4-methoxyphenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Methoxyphenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is 4-pyridyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, [3-Methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyridin-4-yl-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is 3-pyridyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, [3-Methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is 2-pyridyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, [3-Methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyridin-2-yl-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is cyclohexyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, Cyclohexyl-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is 4-biphenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, Biphenyl-4-yl-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is hydrogen;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, 3-Methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-3H-imidazol-4-yl-carbaldehyde;
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is 3,5-dichlorophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropylpiperidyl); and
• Q is methyl; also known as, (3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanol;
• M is —CHOHR M ;
• a M is hydroxy;
• R M is 4-cyanophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropylpiperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, 4- ⁇ Hydroxy-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methyl ⁇ -benzonitrile;
• 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ 7.57 (d), 7.48 (d), 6.20 (s), 5.72 (s), 3.13 (s), 0.96 (d);
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is 2-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropylpiperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (2-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is 4-fluorophenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropylpiperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Fluorophenyl)-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is 4-isopropylphenyl;
• a 3 is oxygen;
• L 3 is methyl;
• Q 3 is 4-(1-isopropylpiperidyl); and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Isopropylphenyl)-[2-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone;
• 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ 7.70-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 4.28-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.98-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.25 (
• This example teaches the preparation of a compound of Formula I following Scheme VII, wherein M is —CH 2 R M ; R M is p-chlorophenyl; A 3 is sulfur; L 3 is n-propyl; Q 3 is dimethylamino; and Q 1 is methyl.
• This example teaches the preparation of a compound of Formula I following Scheme VIII, wherein M is —C( ⁇ N—OH)R M ; R M is p-chlorophenyl; A 3 is sulfur; L 3 is n-propyl; Q 3 is dimethylamino; and Q 1 is methyl.
• This example teaches the preparation of a compound of Formula I following Scheme XII, wherein M is —CH 2 R M ; R M is 1-piperidyl; A 3 is oxygen; L 3 is n-propyl; Q 3 is 1-piperidyl; and Q 1 is methyl.
• This example teaches the preparation of a compound of Formula I following Scheme XI, wherein M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ; R M is p-chlorophenyl; A 3 is S(O); L 3 is n-propyl; Q 3 is dimethylamino; and Q 1 is methyl.
• Step A Preparation of (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[2-(3-dimethylamino-propane-1-sulfinyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone
• Step B Additional Compounds Prepared Following Scheme XI, and Example XVI, Step A.
• M is —C( ⁇ O)R M ;
• R M is p-chlorophenyl;
• a 3 is S(O 2 );
• L 3 is n-propyl;
• Q 3 is dimethylazinoyl; and
• Q 1 is methyl; also known as, (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(3-dimethylamino-propane-1-sulfonyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone oxide;
• a 10 cm tissue culture dish with a confluent monolayer of SK-N-MC cells was split two days prior to transfection. Using sterile technique the media was removed and the cells were detached from the dish by the addition of trypsin. One fifth of the cells were then placed onto a new 10 cm dish. Cells were grown in a 37° C. incubator with 5% CO 2 in Minimal Essential Media Eagle with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum. After two days cells were approximately 80% confluent. These were removed from the dish with trypsin and pelleted in a clinical centrifuge.
• the pellet was then re-suspended in 400 ⁇ L complete media and transferred to an electroporation cuvette with a 0.4 cm gap between the electrodes (Bio-Rad #165-2088).
• One ⁇ g supercoiled H 3 receptor cDNA was added to the cells and mixed.
• the voltage for the electroporation was set at 0.25 kV, the capacitance is set at 960 ⁇ F.
• the cells were diluted into 10 mL complete media and plated onto four 10 cm dishes. Because of the variability in the efficiency of electroporation four different concentrations of cells were plated. The ratios used were; 1:20, 1:10, 1:5, with the remainder of the cells being added to the fourth dish.
• the cells were allowed to recover for 24 h before adding the selection media (complete media with 600 ⁇ g/mL G418). After 10 days dishes were analyzed for surviving colonies of cells. Dishes with well isolated colonies were used. Cells from individual colonies were isolated and tested. SK-N-MC cells were used because they give efficient coupling for inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The clones that gave the most robust inhibition of adenylate cyclase in response to histamine were used for further study.
• PK i values were calculated based on a KD of 800 ⁇ M and a ligand concentration ([L]) of 800 ⁇ M according to the formula:
• K i (IC 50 )/(1+([ L ]/( K D )).
• K i Values Example Compound Name K i (nM) I (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[2-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl- 98 sulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone II (4-Chlorophenyl)-[2-(3-dimethylamino- 2 propylsulfanyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]- methanone II (4-Chlorophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl- 3.1 propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-methanone III (4-Bromophenyl)-[3-methyl-2-(3-piperidin-1-yl- 7.5 propylsulfanyl)-3H-imidazol-4-y

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Neurosurgery (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Anesthesiology (AREA)
• Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23070480

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (8)

• 2002
  • 2002-03-22 JP JP2002577795A patent/JP4653935B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-03-22 EP EP02757803A patent/EP1373218B9/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-03-22 AT AT02757803T patent/ATE383343T1/de active
  • 2002-03-22 DE DE60224509T patent/DE60224509T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-03-22 ES ES02757803T patent/ES2299596T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-03-22 DK DK02757803T patent/DK1373218T3/da active
  • 2002-03-22 US US10/104,283 patent/US20020198237A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-03-22 CA CA2442326A patent/CA2442326C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-03-22 WO PCT/US2002/009026 patent/WO2002079168A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2002-03-22 PT PT02757803T patent/PT1373218E/pt unknown
• 2004
  • 2004-01-14 US US10/757,625 patent/US7265135B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2008
  • 2008-03-26 CY CY20081100341T patent/CY1107362T1/el unknown

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events