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Definitions

• L-glutamic acid is mainly produced by fermentative methods using so-called L-glutamic acid producing coryneform bacteria belonging to the genus Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium or Microbacterium, or mutant strains thereof (Amino Acid Fermentation, pp.195-215, Gakkai Shuppan Center, 1986).
• treY gene is known for Brevibacterium helvolum among bacteria belonging to the genus Brevibacterium bacteria, any otsA gene is not known for them.
• bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium bacteria there is known a pathway via a reaction catalyzed by a product encoded by treS gene (trehalose synthase (TreS)), which gene is different from the otsA gene and treY gene, as a gene coding for a enzyme in trehalose biosynthesis pathway (De Smet K. A., et al., Microbiology, 146 (1), 199-208 (2000)).
• this pathway utilizes maltose as a substrate and does not relate to usual L-glutamic acid fermentation that utilizes glucose, fructose or sucrose as a starting material.
• An object of the present invention is to improve production efficiency of L-glutamic acid in L-glutamic acid production by fermentation using coryneform bacteria through suppression of the production of trehalose as a secondary product.
• the inventors of the present invention assiduously studied in order to achieve the aforementioned object. As a result, they found that bacterium belonging to the genus Brevibacterium contained otsA gene and treY gene like Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and the production efficiency of L-glutamic acid was improved by disrupting at least one of these genes. Thus, they accomplished the present invention.
• the present invention provides the followings.
• a method for producing L-glutamic acid comprising culturing a coryneform bacterium according to any one of (1) to (4) in a medium to produce and accumulate L-glutamic acid in the medium, and collecting the L-glutamic acid from the medium.
• a DNA according to (6) which is a DNA defined in the following (a) or (b):
• a DNA according to (8) which is a DNA defined in the following (a) or (b):
• the coryneform bacterium of the present invention is a coryneform bacterium having L-glutamic acid producing ability, in which trehalose synthesis ability is decreased or deleted.
• the coryneform bacteria referred to in the present invention include the group of microorganisms defined in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th edition, p.599 (1974), which are aerobic Gram-positive rods having no acid resistance and no spore-forming ability aerobic. They have hitherto been classified into the genus Brevibacterium, but united into the genus Corynebacterium at present ( Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 41, 255 (1981)), and include bacteria belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or Microbacterium closely relative to the genus Corynebacterium. Examples of such coryneform bacteria are mentioned below.
• Corynebacterium lilium Corynebacterium glutamicum
• Corynebacterium lilium ( Corynebacterium glutamicum ) ATCC 15990
• the trehalose synthesis ability of such coryneform bacteria as mentioned above can be decreased or deleted by mutagenizing or disrupting a gene coding for an enzyme in trehalose synthesis pathway using mutagenesis treatment or genetic recombination technique.
• a mutation may be a mutation that suppresses transcription or translation of the gene coding for the enzyme in trehalose synthesis pathway, or a mutation that causes elimination or decrease of an enzyme in trehalose systhesis pathway.
• the enzyme in trehalose systhesis pathway may be exemplified by, for example, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, maltooligosyltrehalose synthases, or both of these.
• the disruption of a gene coding for an enzyme in trehalose systhesis pathway can be performed by gene substitution utilizing homologous recombination.
• a gene on a chromosome of a coryneform bacterium can be disrupted by transforming the coryneform bacterium with DNA containing a gene coding for an enzyme in trehalose systhesis pathway modified so that a part thereof should be deleted and hence the enzyme in trehalose systhesis pathway should not normally function (deletion type gene), and allowing recombination between the deletion type gene and a normal gene on the chromosome.
• Such gene disruption by homologous recombination has already been established.
• the gene coding for an enzyme in trehalose systhesis pathway may be exemplified by, for example, the otsA gene or treY gene, or it may consist of both of these. Since the nucleotide sequences of the otsA gene and treY gene of Brevibacterium lactofermentum and flanking regions thereof have been elucidated by the present invention, those genes can be easily obtained by preparing primers based on the sequences and performing PCR (polymerase chain reaction, see White, T. J. et al., Trends Genet., 5, 185 (1989)) using the primers and chromosomal DNA of Brevibacterium lactofermentum as a template.
• PCR polymerase chain reaction
• nucleotide sequence comprising the otsA gene and the nucleotide sequence comprising the treY gene of Brevibacterium lactofermentum obtained in the examples described later are shown in SEQ ID NOS: 29 and 31, respectively. Further, the amino acid sequences encoded by these nucleotide sequences are shown in SEQ ID NOS: 30 and 32, respectively.
• the otsA gene and treY gene each may be one coding for a protein including substitution, deletion, insertion or addition of one or several amino acids at one or a plurality of positions, provided that the activity of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase or maltooligosyltrehalose synthase encoded thereby is not deteriorated. While the number of “several” amino acids differs depending on positions or types of amino acid residues in the three-dimensional structure of the protein, it is preferably 1-40, more preferably 1-20, further preferably 1-10.
• a DNA coding for the substantially same protein as trehalose-6-phosphate synthase or maltooligosyltrehalose synthase described above can be obtained by, for example, modifying each of the nucleotide sequences by, for example, the site-directed mutagenesis method so that one or more amino acid residues at a specified site should involve substitution, deletion, insertion, addition or inversion.
• Such a DNA modified as described above may also be obtained by a conventionally known mutation treatment.
• the mutation treatment includes a method of treating DNA coding for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase or maltooligosyltrehalose in vitro, for example, with hydroxylamine, and a method for treating a microorganism, for example, a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia harboring a DNA coding for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase or maltooligosyltrehalose with ultraviolet irradiation or a mutating agent usually used for mutation treatment such as N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and nitrous acid.
• NTG N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
• substitution, deletion, insertion, addition, or inversion of nucleotide as described above also includes a naturally occurring mutant or variant on the basis of, for example, individual difference or difference in species or genus of microorganisms that harbor trehalose-6-phosphate synthase or maltooligosyltrehalose.
• a DNA coding for the substantially same protein as trehalose-6-phosphate synthase or maltooligosyltrehalose synthase described above can be obtained by expressing such a DNA having a mutation as described above in a suitable cell, and examining the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase activity or maltooligosyltrehalose synthase activity of the expression product.
• a DNA coding for substantially the same protein as trehalose-6-phosphate synthase can also be obtained by isolating a DNA hybridizable with a DNA having, for example, a nucleotide sequence corresponding to nucleotide numbers of 484-1938 of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29 or a probe that can be prepared from the nucleotide sequence under a stringent condition, showing homology of 55% or more, preferably 65% or more, more preferably 75% or more, to the foregoing nucleotide sequence, and having trehalose-6-phosphate synthase activity from a DNA coding for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase having a mutation or from a cell harboring it.
• a DNA coding for substantially the same protein as maltooligosyltrehalose synthase can also be obtained by isolating a DNA hybridizable with a DNA having, for example, a nucleotide sequence corresponding to nucleotide numbers of 82-2514 of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 31 or a probe that can be prepared from the nucleotide sequence under a stringent condition, showing homology of 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, to the foregoing nucleotide sequence, and having maltooligosyltrehalose synthase activity from a DNA coding for maltooligosyltrehalose synthase having a mutation or from a cell harboring it.
• the “stringent condition” referred to herein is a condition under which so-called specific hybrid is formed, and non-specific hybrid is not formed. It is difficult to clearly express this condition by using any numerical value.
• the stringent condition includes a condition under which DNA's having high homology, for example, DNA's having homology of not less than 55%, preferably not less than 60%, are hybridized with each other, and DNA's having homology lower than the above level are not hybridized with each other.
• the stringent condition is exemplified by a condition under which DNA's are hybridized with each other at a salt concentration corresponding to an ordinary condition of washing in Southern hybridization, i.e., 1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, preferably 0.1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, at 60° C.
• a partial sequence of each gene can also be used.
• Such a probe can be produced by PCR using oligonucleotides produced based on the nucleotide sequence of each gene as primers and a DNA fragment containing each gene as a template.
• the washing conditions for the hybridization may consists of 50° C., 2 ⁇ SSC and 0.1% SDS.
• Genes hybridizable under such conditions as described above include those having a stop codon generated in a coding region of the genes, and those having no activity due to mutation of active center.
• mutants can be easily removed by ligating each of the genes with a commercially available expression vector, and measuring trehalose-6-phosphate synthase activity or maltooligosyltrehalose synthase activity.
• the encoded trehalose-6-phosphate synthase or maltooligosyltrehalose synthase are not required to have their activities.
• the otsA gene or treY gene used for the gene disruption may be a gene derived from another microorganism, so long as they can undergo homologous recombination with these genes of coryneform bacteria.
• an otsA gene of bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia or Mycobacterium treY gene of bacterium belonging to the genus Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium helvolum , or bacterium belonging to the genus Rhizobium can be mentioned.
• a deletion type gene of the otsA gene or treY gene can be prepared by excising a certain region with restriction enzyme(s) from a DNA fragment containing one of these genes or a part of them to delete at least a part of coding region or an expression regulatory sequence such as promoter.
• a deletion type gene can also be obtained by performing PCR using primers designed so that a part of gene should be deleted. Furthermore, a deletion type gene may be one obtained by single nucleotide mutation, for example, a frame shift mutation.
• An otsA gene on a host chromosome can be replaced with a deletion type otsA gene as follows. That is, a deletion type otsA gene and a marker gene for resistance to a drug, such as kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and streptomycin, are inserted into a plasmid that cannot autonomously replicate in coryneform bacteria to prepare a recombinant DNA.
• a coryneform bacterium can be transformed with the recombinant DNA, and the transformant strain can be cultured in a medium containing the drug to obtain a transformant strain in which the recombinant DNA was introduced into chromosomal DNA.
• such a transformant strain can be obtained by using a temperature sensitive plasmid as the plasmid, and culturing the transformants at a temperature at which the temperature sensitive plasmid cannot replicate.
• the recombinant DNA causes recombination with an otsA gene sequence that originally exists on the chromosome, and two of fused genes comprising the chromosomal otsA gene and the deletion type otsA gene are inserted into the chromosome so that other portions of the recombinant DNA (vector portion and drug resistance marker gene) should be interposed between them.
• the deletion type otsA gene is eliminated from the chromosomal DNA together with the vector portion (including the drug resistance marker gene) by recombination of two of the otsA genes.
• the normal otsA gene is left on the chromosomal DNA and the deletion type otsA gene is excised, or conversely, the deletion type otsA gene is left on the chromosomal DNA and the normal otsA gene is excised. It can be confirmed which type of the gene is left on the chromosomal DNA by investigating structure of the otsA gene on the chromosome by PCR, hybridization or the like.
• the coryneform bacterium used for the present invention may have enhanced activity of an enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of L-glutamic acid in addition to the deletion or decrease of trehalose synthesis ability.
• the enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of L-glutamic acid include glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydratase, citrate synthase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, enolase, phosphoglyceromutase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, phosphofructokinase, glucose phosphate isome
• an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction for generating a compound other than L-glutamic acid by branching off from the biosynthetic pathway of L-glutamic acid may be declined or made deficient.
• Examples of such an enzyme include ⁇ -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, phosphate acetyltransferase, acetate kinase, acetohydroximate synthase, acetolactate synthase, formate acetyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, L-glutamate decarboxylase, 1-pyrroline dehydrogenase and so forth.
• a temperature sensitive mutation for a biotin activity inhibiting substance such as surface active agents
• a coryneform bacterium having L-glutamic acid producing ability the bacterium becomes to be able to produce L-glutamic acid in a medium containing an excessive amount of biotin in the absence of a biotin activity inhibiting substance.
• a coryneform bacterium the Brevibacterium lactofermentum AJ13029 strain disclosed in WO96/06180 can be mentioned.
• the AJ13029 strain was deposited at the National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (currently, the independent administrative corporation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, International Patent Organism Depositary (Chuo Dai-6, 1-1 Higashi 1-Chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan, postal code: 305-5466) on Sep. 2, 1994, and received an accession number of FERM P-14501. Then, it was transferred to an international deposit under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty on Aug. 1, 1995, and received an accession number of FERM BP-5189.
• the medium used for producing L-glutamic acid is a usual medium that contains a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic ions and other organic trace nutrients as required.
• a carbon source it is possible to use sugars such as glucose, lactose, galactose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, blackstrap molasses and starch hydrolysate; alcohols such as ethanol and inositol; or organic acids such as acetic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid and succinic acid.
• the nitrogen source there can be used inorganic ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate and ammonium acetate, ammonia, organic nitrogen such as peptone, meat extract, yeast extract, corn steep liquor and soybean hydrolysate, ammonia gas, aqueous ammonia and so forth.
• inorganic ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate and ammonium acetate, ammonia, organic nitrogen such as peptone, meat extract, yeast extract, corn steep liquor and soybean hydrolysate, ammonia gas, aqueous ammonia and so forth.
• the inorganic ions (or sources thereof), added is a small amount of potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, iron ions, manganese ions and so forth.
• the organic trace nutrients it is desirable to add required substances such as vitamin B 1 , yeast extract and so forth in a suitable amount as required.
• the culture is preferably performed under an aerobic condition performed by shaking, stirring for aeration or the like for 16 to 72 hours.
• the culture temperature is controlled to be at 30° C. to 45° C.
• pH is controlled to be 5 to 9 during the culture.
• inorganic or organic acidic or alkaline substances ammonia gas and so forth can be used.
• Collection of L-glutamic acid from fermentation broth can be performed by, for example, methods utilizing ion exchange resins, crystallization and so forth. Specifically, L-glutamic acid can be adsorbed on an anion exchange resin and isolated from it, or crystallized by neutralization.
• otsA gene of Brevibacterium lactofermentum was not known, it was obtained by utilizing a nucleotide sequence of otsA gene of another microorganism for reference.
• the otsA genes of Escherichia and Mycobacterium had been hitherto elucidated for their entire nucleotide sequences (Kaasen I., et al., Gene, 145 (1), 9-15 (1994); De Smet K. A., et al., Microbiology, 146 (1), 199-208 (2000)).
• DNA primers P1 and P2 for PCR were synthesized first.
• the DNA primers P1 and P2 corresponded to the regions of the nucleotide numbers of 1894-1913 and 2531-2549 of the nucleotide sequence of the otsA gene of Escherichia coli (GenBank accession X69160), respectively. They also corresponded to the regions of the nucleotide numbers 40499-40518 and 41166-41184 of the otsA gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (GenBank accession Z95390), respectively.
• PCR was performed by using the primers P1 and P2 and chromosomal DNA of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 as a template with a cycle consisting of reactions at 94° C. for 0.5 minute, 50° C. for 0.5 minute and 72° C. for 4 minutes, which was repeated for 30 cycles.
• a substantially single kind of amplified fragment of about 0.6 kbp was obtained.
• This amplified fragment was cloned into a plasmid vector pCR2.1 by using “Original TA Cloning Kit” produced by Invitrogen to obtain pCotsA. Then, the nucleotide sequence of the cloned fragment was determined.
• DNA primers P10 SEQ ID NO: 8
• P12 SEQ ID NO: 10
• unknown regions flanking to the partial fragment was amplified by “inverse PCR” (Triglia, T. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 16, 81-86 (1988); Ochman H., et al., Genetics, 120, 621-623 (1988)).
• the chromosomal DNA of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 was digested with a restriction enzyme BamHI, BglII, ClaI, HindIII, KpnI, MluI, MunL, SalI or XhoI, and self-ligated by using T4 DNA ligase (Takara Shuzo).
• PCR was performed with a cycle consisting of reactions at 94° C. for 0.5 minute, 55° C. for 1 minute and 72° C. for 4 minutes, which was repeated for 30 cycles.
• a plasmid for otsA gene disruption was produced.
• a plasmid for otsA gene disruption was produced as follows. PCR was performed by using the plasmid pCotsA previously constructed in the cloning of the otsA gene as a template and the primers P29 (SEQ ID NO: 33) and P30 (SEQ ID NO: 34) comprising ClaI site with a cycle consisting of reactions at 94° C. for 0.5 minute, 55° C. for 0.5 minute and 72° C.
• the amplified fragment was digested with ClaI, blunt-ended by using T4 DNA polymerase (Takara Shuzo), and self-ligated by using T4 ligase (Takara Shuzo) to construct a plasmid pCotsAC containing the otsA gene having a frame shift mutation (1258-1300th nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 29 were deleted) at an approximately central part thereof.
• plasmid pCotsAC for gene disruption, a L-glutamic acid producing bacterium, Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869, was transformed by the electric pulse method, and transformants were selected as to the ability to grow in CM2B medium containing 20 mg/L of kanamycin. Because the plasmid pCotsAC for otsA gene disruption did not have a replication origin that could function in Brevibacterium lactofermentum , resultant transformants obtained by using the plasmid suffered homologous recombination occurred between the otsA genes on the chromosome of Brevibacterium lactofermentum and the plasmid pCotsAC for gene disruption.
• strains in which the vector portion of the plasmid pCotsAC for gene disruption was eliminated due to re-occurrence of homologous recombination were selected based on acquired kanamycin sensitivity as a marker.
• a strain introduced with the desired frame shift mutation was selected. Selection of such a strain was performed by PCR using chromosomal DNA extracted from a strain that became kanamycin sensitive as a template and the DNA primers P8 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and P13 (SEQ ID NO: 11) with a cycle consisting of reactions at 94° C. for 0.5 minute, 55° C. for 0.5 minute and 72° C. for 1 minutes, which was repeated for 30 cycles, and sequencing of the obtained amplified fragment using the DNA primer P8 to confirm disfunction of the otsA gene due to introduction of frame shift mutation.
• the strain obtained as described above was designated as AOA strain.
• treY gene of Brevibacterium lactofermentum was not known, it was obtained by using nucleotide sequences of treY genes of the other microorganisms for reference.
• the nucleotide sequences of treY genes were hitherto elucidated for the genera Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium and Rhizobium (Maruta K., et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1289 (1), 10-13 (1996); Genbank accession AF039919; Maruta K., et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 60 (4), 717-720 (1996)).
• the PCR DNA primers P3 and P4 correspond to the regions of the nucleotide numbers of 975-992 and 2565-2584 of the nucleotide sequence of the treY gene of Arthrobacter species (GenBank accession D63343), respectively. Further, they correspond to the regions of the nucleotide numbers 893-910 and 2486-2505 of the treY gene of Brevibacterium helvolum (GenBank accession AF039919), respectively. Furthermore, they correspond to the regions of the nucleotide numbers of 862-879 and 2452-2471 of treY gene of Rhizobium species (GenBank accession D78001).
• PCR was performed by using the primers P3 and P4 and chromosomal DNA of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC13869 as a template with a cycle consisting of reactions at 94° C. for 0.5 minute, 55° C. for 0.5 minute and 72° C. for 2 minutes, which was repeated for 30 cycles.
• a substantially single kind of an amplified fragment of about 1.6 kbp was obtained.
• This amplified fragment was cloned into a plasmid vector pCR2.1 by using “Original TA Cloning Kit” produced by Invitrogen. Then, the nucleotide sequence was determined for about 0.6 kb.
• the chromosomal DNA of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 was digested with a restriction enzyme BamHI, HindIII, SalI or XhoI, and self-ligated by using T4 DNA ligase (Takara Shuzo).
• PCR was performed with a cycle consisting of reactions at 94° C. for 0.5 minute, 55° C. for 1 minute and 72° C. for 4 minutes, which was repeated for 30 cycles.
• HindIII or SalI was used as the restriction enzyme, an amplified fragment of 0.6 kbp or 1.5 kbp was obtained, respectively.
• nucleotide sequences of these amplified fragments were directly determined by using the DNA primers P16 to P28 (SEQ ID NOS: 16-28).
• SEQ ID NOS: 16-28 The nucleotide sequence of treY gene of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 was determined as shown in SEQ ID NO: 31.
• the amino acid sequence encoded by this nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NOS: 31 and 32.
• a plasmid for treY gene disruption was produced.
• PCR was performed by using the primers P17 (SEQ ID NO: 17) and P25 (SEQ ID NO: 25) and the chromosomal DNA of ATCC 13869 as a template with a cycle consisting of reactions at 94° C. for 0.5 minute, 60° C. for 0.5 minute and 72° C. for 2 minutes, which was repeated for 30 cycles.
• the amplified fragment was digested with EcoRI and ligated to pHSG299 (Takara Shuzo) digested with EcoRI by using T4 DNA ligase (Takara Shuzo) to obtain a plasmid pHtreY.
• this pHtreY was digested with AflII (Takara Shuzo), blunt-ended by using T4 DNA polymerase (Takara Shuzo), and self-ligated by using T4 ligase (Takara Shuzo) to construct a plasmid pHtreYA containing the treY gene having a frame shift mutation (four nucleotides were inserted after the 1145th nucleotide in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31) at an approximately central part thereof.
• plasmid pCtreYA a L-glutamic acid producing bacterium, Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869, was transformed by the electric pulse method, and transformants were selected as to the ability to grow in CM2B medium containing 20 mg/L of kanamycin. Because the plasmid pCtreYA for treY gene disruption does not have a replication origin that could function in Brevibacterium lactofermentum , the transformants obtained by using the plasmid suffered recombination occurred between the treY genes on the Brevibacterium lactofermentum chromosome and the plasmid pCtreYA for gene disruption.
• strains in which the vector portion of the plasmid pCtreYA for gene disruption was eliminated due to re-occurrence of homologous recombination were selected based on acquired kanamycin sensitivity as a marker.
• a strain introduced with the desired frame shift mutation was selected. Selection of such a strain was performed by PCR using the DNA primers P19 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and P25 (SEQ ID NO: 25) with a cycle consisting of reactions at 94° C. for 0.5 minute, 55° C. for 0.5 minute and 72° C. for 1.5 minutes, which was repeated for 30 cycles, and sequencing the obtained fragment using the DNA primer P21 or P23 to confirm dysfunction of the trey gene due to introduction of frame shift mutation.
• the strain obtained as described above was designated as ⁇ TA strain.
• the ATCC 13869 strain, AOA strain and ATA strain were each cultured for producing L-glutamic acid as follows. Each of these strains was refreshed by culturing it on a CM2B plate medium, and each refreshed strain was cultured in a medium containing 80 g of glucose, 1 g of KH 2 PO 4 , 0.4 g of MgSO 4 , 30 g of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.01 g of FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, 0.01 g MnSO 4 .7H 2 O, 15 ml of soybean hydrolysate solution, 200 ⁇ g of thiamin hydrochloride, 3 ⁇ g of biotin and 50 g of CaCO 3 in 1 L of pure water (adjusted to pH 8.0 with KOH) at 31.5° C. After the culture, amount of L-glutamic acid accumulated in the medium and absorbance at 620 nm of the culture broth diluted 51 times were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
• the Brevibacterium lactofermentum strains of which otsA gene or treY gene was disrupted showed growth in a degree similar to that of the parent strain, and in addition, increased L-glutamic acid production compared with the parent strain.
• SEQ ID NO: 1 Primer P1 for amplification of otsA
• SEQ ID NO: 2 Primer P2 for amplification of otsA
• SEQ ID NO: 14 Primer P3 for amplification of treY
• SEQ ID NO: 15 Primer P4 for amplification of treY
• SEQ ID NO: 29 Nucleotide sequence of otsA gene
• SEQ ID NO: 30 Amino acid sequence of OtsA
• SEQ ID NO: 31 Nucleotide sequence of treY gene
• SEQ ID NO: 32 Amino acid sequence of TreY

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• 2000
  • 2000-07-05 JP JP2000204256A patent/JP4304837B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2001
  • 2001-06-22 AU AU54019/01A patent/AU784207B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2001-07-02 US US09/895,382 patent/US20020137150A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-07-02 PE PE2001000652A patent/PE20020212A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2001-07-03 AT AT01115635T patent/ATE383427T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-07-03 MY MYPI20013168 patent/MY134051A/en unknown
  • 2001-07-03 DE DE60132277T patent/DE60132277T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-07-03 EP EP01115635A patent/EP1174508B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-07-04 BR BR0102669-0A patent/BR0102669A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-07-04 PL PL01348447A patent/PL348447A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2001-07-04 RU RU2001118543/13A patent/RU2276189C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-07-04 KR KR1020010039749A patent/KR100809856B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2001-07-05 CN CNA2006101373724A patent/CN1935983A/zh active Pending
  • 2001-07-05 CN CN2004101022358A patent/CN1664106A/zh active Pending
  • 2001-07-05 CN CN011217413A patent/CN1335394B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-07-05 CN CNA2004101022362A patent/CN1763200A/zh active Pending
• 2003
  • 2003-08-11 US US10/637,551 patent/US7307160B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2007
  • 2007-04-19 US US11/785,643 patent/US20100124777A1/en not_active Abandoned

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