US20020082400A1 - Conjugates of T cell epitope deficient immunogen analogs for humoral anergy and chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules - Google Patents

Conjugates of T cell epitope deficient immunogen analogs for humoral anergy and chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20020082400A1
US20020082400A1 US09/753,350 US75335000A US2002082400A1 US 20020082400 A1 US20020082400 A1 US 20020082400A1 US 75335000 A US75335000 A US 75335000A US 2002082400 A1 US2002082400 A1 US 2002082400A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
conjugate
compound
mmol
group
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/753,350
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Coutts
David Jones
Douglas Livingston
Lin Yu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
La Jolla Pharmaceutical Co
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/914,869 external-priority patent/US5276013A/en
Priority claimed from US08/118,055 external-priority patent/US6060056A/en
Priority claimed from US08/152,506 external-priority patent/US5552391A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US09/753,350 priority Critical patent/US20020082400A1/en
Publication of US20020082400A1 publication Critical patent/US20020082400A1/en
Assigned to LA JOLLA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY reassignment LA JOLLA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: COUTTS, STEPHEN M., JONES, DAVID S., LIVINGSTON, DOUGLAS A., YU, LIN
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
    • A61K39/0008—Antigens related to auto-immune diseases; Preparations to induce self-tolerance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/35—Allergens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/60—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
    • A61K2039/6093—Synthetic polymers, e.g. polyethyleneglycol [PEG], Polymers or copolymers of (D) glutamate and (D) lysine

Definitions

  • This invention relates to conjugates comprising chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules coupled to biological or chemical molecules such as polynucleotides for treating diseases such as the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or “lupus”).
  • This invention also relates to the chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules.
  • D-GL random co-polymer D-glutamic acid/D-lysine
  • D-EK conjugates of the random co-polymer D-glutamic acid/D-lysine
  • valency platform molecules within the present invention are defined with respect to their chemical structure, valency, homogeneity and a defined chemistry which is amenable to effective conjugation with the appropriate biological and/or chemical molecules.
  • one aspect of the instant invention is directed to conjugates comprising the chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules and biological and/or chemical molecules.
  • biological and/or chemical molecules suitable for conjugation to chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules to form conjugates within the instant invention are carbohydrates, drugs, lipids, lipopolysaccharides, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, single-stranded or double-stranded oligonucleotides and chemical analogs thereof, analogs of immunogens, haptens, mimotopes, aptamers and the like.
  • Chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules suitable for use within the present invention include, but are not limited to, derivatives of biologically compatible and nonimmunogenic carbon-based compounds of the following formulae:
  • each of G [1] and G [2] is independently a linear, branched or multiply-branched chain comprising 1-2000, more preferably 1-1000, chain atoms selected from the group C, N, O, Si, P and S;
  • each of the n [1] moieties shown as T [1] and each of the p [2] ⁇ n [2] moieties shown as T [2] is independently chosen from the group
  • NHR SUB (amine), C( ⁇ O)NHNHR SUB (hydrazide), NHNHR SUB (hydrazine), C( ⁇ O)OH (carboxylic acid), C( ⁇ O)OR ESTER (activated ester), C( ⁇ O)OC( ⁇ O)R B (anhydride), C( ⁇ O)X (acid halide), S( ⁇ O) 2 X (sulfonyl halide), C( ⁇ NR SUB )OR SUB (imidate ester), NCO (isocyanate), NCS (isothiocyanate), OC( ⁇ O)X (haloformate), C( ⁇ O)OC( ⁇ NR SUB )NHR SUB (carbodiimide adduct), C( ⁇ O)H (aldehyde), C( ⁇ O)RB (ketone), SH (sulfhydryl or thiol), OH (alcohol), C( ⁇ O)CH 2 X (haloacetyl), R ALK
  • each of the n [1] moieties shown as T [1] and each of the p [2] ⁇ n [2] moieties shown as T [2] is independently chosen from the group NHR SUB (amine), C( ⁇ O)CH 2 X (haloacetyl), R ALK X (alkyl halide), S( ⁇ O) 2 OR ALK X (alkyl sulfonate), NR 1 R 2 wherein R 1 R 2 is —C( ⁇ O)CHCHC( ⁇ O)— (maleimide), C( ⁇ O)CR B ⁇ CR B 2 ( ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl), R ALK —Hg—X (alkyl mercurial), and S( ⁇ O)CR B ⁇ CR B 2 ( ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated sulfone);
  • each of the n [1] moieties shown as T [1] and each of the p [2] ⁇ n [2] moieties shown as T [2] is independently chosen from the group NHR SUB (amine), C( ⁇ O)CH 2 X (haloacetyl), NR 1 R 2 wherein R 1 R 2 is —C( ⁇ O)CHCHC( ⁇ O)— (maleimide), and C( ⁇ O)CR B ⁇ CR B 2 ( ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl);
  • n [1] moieties shown as T [1] and all of the p [2] ⁇ n [2] moieties shown as T [2] are identical;
  • each X is independently a halogen of atomic number greater than 16 and less than 54 or other good leaving group (i.e., weak bases such as alkyl or alkyl-substituted sulfonates or sulfates and the like, aryl or aryl-substituted sulfonates or sulfates and the like that act similarly to a halogen in this setting);
  • each R ALK is independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl (1-20C) group
  • each R SUB is independently H, linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl (1-20C), aryl (6-20C), or alkaryl (7-30C);
  • each R ESTER is independently N-succinimidyl, p-nitrophenyl, pentafluorophenyl, tetrafluorophenyl, pentachlorophenyl, 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, cyanomethyl and the like, or other activating group such as 5-chloro,8-quinolone, 1-piperidine, N-benzotriazole and the like;
  • each R B is independently a radical comprising 1-50 atoms selected from the group C, H, N, O, Si, P and S;
  • each of the n moieties shown as L [2] is independently chosen from the group O, NR SUB and S;
  • each of the n [2] moieties shown as J [2] is independently chosen from the group C( ⁇ O) and C( ⁇ S);
  • each of the n [2] moieties shown as Z [2] is independently a radical comprising 1-200 atoms selected from the group C, H, N, O, Si, P and S, containing attachment sites for at least p13 functional groups on alkyl, alkenyl, or aromatic carbon atoms;
  • n [2] moieties shown as Z [2] are identical;
  • each of the n [2] moieties shown as Z [2] is independently described by a formula chosen from the group:
  • Z [2] is W [4] ⁇ N ⁇ Y [4] (attachment site) p[2]/2 ⁇ 2 Formula 4
  • Z [2] is W [5] ⁇ CH ⁇ Y [5] (attachment side) p[2]/2 ⁇ 2 Formula 5
  • each of the n [2] moieties shown as W [3] , W [4] , or W [5] is independently a radical comprising 1-100 atoms selected from the group C, H, N, O, Si, P and S;
  • each of the n [2] moieties shown as Y [3] , each of the 2 ⁇ n [2] moieties shown as Y [4] , and each of the 2 ⁇ n [2] moieties shown as Y [5] is independently a radical comprising 1-100 atoms selected from the group C, H, N, O, Si, P and S, containing attachment sites for at least p [2] (for Y [3] ) or p [2]b /2 (for Y [4] and Y [5] , where p [2] /2 is an integer) functional groups on alkyl, alkenyl, or aromatic carbon atoms;
  • a conjugate comprises a chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecule and a multiplicity of polynucleotide duplexes of at least about 20 base pairs each bound to the platform molecule, and having significant binding activity for human SLE anti-dsDNA autoantibodies.
  • the polynucleotide duplexes are substantially homogeneous in length and one strand of the duplex is conjugated to the valency platform molecule either directly or via a linker molecule.
  • linker molecule usually synthetic polynucleotides are coupled to a linker molecule before being coupled to a valency platform molecule.
  • the linker containing strand of the duplex is coupled at or proximate (i.e. within about 5 base pairs) one of its ends such that each strand forms a pendant chain of at least about 20 base pairs measured from the site of attachment of the strand to the linker molecule.
  • the second strand is then annealed to the first strand to form a duplex.
  • Suitable linker molecules within the present invention are 6 carbon thiols such as HAD, a thio-6 carbon chain phosphate, and HAD p S, a thio-6 carbon chain phosphorothioate.
  • Chemically-defined valency platform molecules within the present invention are formed, for example, by reacting amino modified-PEG with 3,5-bis-(iodoacetamido) benzoyl chloride (hereinafter “DABA”); 3-carboxypropionamide-N,N-bis-[(6′-N′-carbobenzyloxyaminohexyl)acetamide] 4′′-nitrophenyl ester (hereinafter “BAHA”); 3-carboxypropionamide-N,N-bis-[(8′-N′-carbobenzyloxyamino-3′,6′-dioxaoctyl)acetamide] 4′′-nitrophenyl ester (hereinafter “BAHA OX ”) ; or by reacting amino
  • Still another aspect is a conjugate of (a) a chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecule and (b) a multiplicity of polynucleotide duplexes each and all of which is bound to the valency platform molecule by a functional group located at or proximate a terminus of one of the strands of the duplex, said conjugate being a human SLE tolerogen.
  • compositions of the above-described conjugates and pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles are another aspect of the invention.
  • a further aspect of the invention is a method for treating SLE in an individual in need of such treatment comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the above-described conjugates.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention is a method of inducing specific B cell anergy to an immunogen in an individual comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the above-described conjugates.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method of treating an individual for an antibody-mediated pathology in which undesired antibodies are produced in response to an immunogen comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the above-described conjugates.
  • a further aspect of the invention is a method for making the conjugates described above comprising: covalently bonding the biological or chemical molecule to a chemically-defined valency platform molecule to form a conjugate.
  • a further aspect of the invention is a method for making the conjugates for treating SLE described above comprising: reacting a multiplicity of single-stranded polynucleotides each of which is at least about 20 nucleotides in length and has a functional group at or proximate one of its termini that reacts with functional groups on the chemically-defined valency platform molecule to form a conjugate, and annealing complementary single-stranded polynucleotides to the single-stranded polynucleotides conjugated to the chemically-defined valency platform molecule to form pendant chains of double-stranded DNA.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention is directed to novel chemically-defined, non-polymeric valency platform molecules of the formulae:
  • each of the n [6] ⁇ p [6] moieties shown as T [6] and each of the n [7] ⁇ p [7] moieties shown as T [7] is independently chosen from the group NHR SUB (amine), C( ⁇ O)NHNHR SUB (hydrazide), NHNHR SUB (hydrazine), C( ⁇ O)OH (carboxylic acid), C( ⁇ O)OR ESTER (activated ester), C( ⁇ O)OC( ⁇ O)R B (anhydride), C( ⁇ O)X (acid halide), S( ⁇ O) 2 X (sulfonyl halide), C( ⁇ NR SUB )OR SUB (imidate ester), NCO (isocyanate), NCS (isothiocyanate), OC( ⁇ O)X (haloformate), C( ⁇ O)OC( ⁇ NR SUB )NHR SUB (carbodiimide adduct), C( ⁇ O)H (aldehy
  • each of the n [6] ⁇ p [6] moieties shown as T [6] and each of the n [7] ⁇ p [7] moieties shown as T [7] is independently chosen from the group NHR SUB (amine), C( ⁇ O)CH 2 X (haloacetyl), R ALK X (alkyl halide), S( ⁇ O) 2 OR ALK X (alkyl sulfonate), NR 1 R 2 wherein R 1 R 2 is —C( ⁇ O)CHCHC( ⁇ O)— (maleimide), C ( ⁇ O) CR B ⁇ CR B 2 ( ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl), R ALK —Hg—X (alkyl mercurial), and S( ⁇ O)CR B ⁇ CR B 2 ( ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated sulfone);
  • each of the n [6] ⁇ p [6] moieties shown as T [6] and each of the n [7] ⁇ p [7] moieties shown as T [7] is independently chosen from the group NHR SUB (amine), C( ⁇ O)CH 2 X (haloacetyl), NR 1 R 2 wherein R 1 R 2 is —C( ⁇ O)CH ⁇ CHC( ⁇ O)— (maleimide), and C( ⁇ O)CR B ⁇ CR B 2 ( ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl);
  • n [6] ⁇ p [6] moieties shown as T [6] and all of the n [7] ⁇ p [7] moieties shown as T [7] are identical;
  • each X is independently a halogen of atomic number greater than 16 and less than 54 or other good leaving group
  • each R ALK is independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl (1-20C) group
  • each R SUB is independently H, linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl (1-20C), aryl (1-20C), or alkaryl (1-30C);
  • each R ESTER is independently N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, p-nitrophenoxy, pentafluorophenoxy, or other activating group;
  • each R B is independently a radical comprising 1-50 atoms selected from the group C, H, N, O, Si, P and S;
  • each of the n [6] moieties shown as Q [6] and each of the 2 ⁇ n [7] moieties shown as Q [7] is independently a radical comprising 1-100 atoms selected from the group C, H, N, O, Si, P and S, containing attachment sites for at least p [6] (for Q [6] ) or p [7] /2 (for Q [7] , where p [7] /2 is an integer) functional groups on alkyl, alkenyl, or aromatic carbon atoms;
  • n [6] moieties shown as Q [6] are identical;
  • FIG. 1 shows the anti-PN response in mice primed with PN—KLH, treated with [(PN) 20 -BAHA]-EDDA, Conjugate 17-II, in the doses shown, which were given a booster injection of PN-KLH and then bled 5 days later.
  • Sera were tested at 3 dilutions by the Farr assay using radiolabeled PN at 10 ⁇ 8 M and the data are presented as the percentage reduction of anti-PN antibodies. There were 5 mice per group.
  • FIG. 2 shows the anti-KLH response in mice primed with PN—KLH, treated with [(PN) 20 -BAHA]-EDDA, Conjugate 17-II, in the doses shown, given a booster injection of PN-KLH and then bled 5 days later.
  • Anti-KLH antibodies were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results are expressed as the percent of a standard pool of antisera. There were 5 mice per group.
  • FIG. 3 shows the anti-PN response in mice primed with PN—KLH, treated with either [(PN), 6 -BAHA OX ]-EDDA (Conjugate 11-IV), [(PN) 20 -BAHA OX ]-EDDA (Conjugate 11-II), [(PN) 24 -BAHA OX ]-EDDA (Conjugate 11-VI) or [(PN) 32 -BAHA OX ]-EDDA (Conjugate 11-VIII) in the doses shown, given a booster injection of PN—KLH and then bled 5 days later. Sera were tested by the Farr assay using radiolabeled PN at 10 ⁇ 8 M. There were 5 mice per group.
  • FIG. 4 shows the anti-PN response in mice primed with PN—KLH, treated with (PN) 20 -HAD-AHAB-TEG, Conjugate 20-II, in the doses shown or with HAD-AHAB only, or the PN only or a mixture of each, then boosted with PN-KLH and bled 5 days later.
  • Sera were tested by the Farr assay using radiolabeled PN at a concentration of 10 ⁇ 8 M. The percent reduction was calculated and the data are presented. There were 5 mice per group.
  • FIG. 5 shows the anti-PN response in mice primed with PN-KLH, treated with (PN) 20 —HAD p S—AHAB—TEG, Conjugate 20-IV, in the doses shown, then boosted with PN-KLH and bled 5 days later. Sera were tested by the Farr assay using radiolabeled PN at a concentration of 10 ⁇ 8 M. There were 5 mice per group.
  • FIGS. 6 A-B show the structure of the derivatized valency platform molecule and the linker coupling the polynucleotide to the platform molecule for Conjugates 3-I, 3-II, 11-I, 11-II, 11-IV, 11-VI, 11-VIII, 17-I, 17-II, 20-I, 20-II, 20-III, and 20-IV.
  • FIG. 7 shows the structures of the derivatized valency platform molecule “HAD—AHAB—TEG.”
  • FIG. 8 compares the level of T cell proliferation induced by melittin peptides.
  • FIG. 9 compares the levels of anti-melittin peptide 2 antibodies produced in mice treated with melittin peptide Conjugate 2 versus the control mice treated with formulation buffer.
  • FIG. 10 compares the levels of anti-melittin antibodies produced in mice treated with melittin peptide Conjugate 2 versus the control mice treated with formulation buffer.
  • FIG. 11 compares the levels of anti-melittin peptide 2 antibody-forming cells in mice treated with melittin peptide Conjugate 2 versus the control mice treated with formulation buffer.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates that melittin peptide Conjugate 4, a conjugate of peptide #5 which contains a T cell epitope, was not a tolerogen.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates melittin conjugates within the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the increase in the percentage of reduction in anti-dsPN antibody achieved by conjugates within the present invention LJP-249A and LJP-249B which are Conjugate 3-II compared to a prior art conjugate (LJP-105) comprising D-EK and (PN) 50 .
  • FIG. 15 illustrates the suppression of serum circulating IgG anti-DNA antibodies in male BXSB mice treated with LJP-394, Conjugate 20-II.
  • An ELISA assay was used to measure IgG antibodies to (PN) 50 conjugated to D-EK. The serum from each of eight individual mice in each group was assayed.
  • valency platform molecule means a chemically-defined, non-polymeric, nonimmunogenic molecule containing sites which facilitate the attachment of a discreet number of biological and/or chemical molecules.
  • Nonimmunogenic is used to describe the valency platform molecule and means that the valency platform molecule elicits substantially no immune response when it is administered by itself to an individual.
  • mammals denotes a member of the mammalian species and includes humans, primates, mice and domestic animals such as cattle and sheep, sports animals such as horses, and pets such as dogs and cats.
  • immunogen means a chemical entity that elicits a humoral immune response when injected into an animal. Immunogens have both B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes.
  • analog of an immunogen intends a molecule that (a) binds specifically to an antibody to which the immunogen binds specifically and (b) lacks T cell epitopes.
  • the analog will normally be a fragment or derivative of the immunogen and thus be of the same chemical class as the immunogen (e.g., the immunogen is a polypeptide and the analog is a polypeptide), chemical similarity is not essential. Accordingly, the analog may be of a different chemical class than the immunogen (e.g., the immunogen is a carbohydrate and the analog is a polypeptide) as long as it has the functional characteristics (a) and (b) above.
  • the analog may be a protein, carbohydrate, lipid, lipoprotein, glycoprotein, lipopolysaccharide, nucleic acid or other chemical or biochemical entity.
  • An analog of an immunogen may also comprise a “mimotope.”
  • the term “mimotope” intends a synthetic molecule which competitively inhibits the antibody from binding the immunogen. Because it specifically binds the antibody, the mimotope is considered to mimic the antigenic determinants of the immunogen.
  • a mimotope (a) binds specifically to an antibody to which the immunogen binds specifically and (b) lacks T cell epitopes.
  • An analog of an immunogen may also comprise an “aptamer.”
  • the term “aptamer” intends a synthetic oligonucleotide which competitively inhibits the antibody from binding the immunogen.
  • an aptamer (a) binds specifically to an antibody to which the immunogen binds specifically and (b) lacks T cell epitopes.
  • B cell anergy intends unresponsiveness of those B cells requiring T cell help to produce and secrete antibody and includes, without limitation, clonal deletion of immature and/or mature B cells and/or the inability of B cells to produce antibody. “Unresponsiveness” means a therapeutically effective reduction in the humoral response to an immunogen. Quantitatively the reduction (as measured by reduction in antibody production) is at least 50%, preferably at least 75%, and most preferably 100%.
  • Antibody means those antibodies whose production is T cell dependent.
  • the valency of a chemically-defined valency platform molecule within the present invention can be predetermined by the number of branching groups added to the platform molecule. Suitable branching groups are typically derived from diamino acids, triamines, and amino diacids.
  • a conjugate within the instant invention is biologically stabilized; that is, it exhibits an in vivo excretion half-life of hours to days to months to confer therapeutic efficacy.
  • the chemically-defined valency platform molecules of the instant invention are also substantially nonimmunogenic (i.e., they exhibit no or only mild immunogenicity when administered to animals), non-toxic at the doses given (i.e., they are sufficiently non-toxic to be useful as therapeutic agents) and are preferably composed of a defined chemical structure. They provide a non-immunogenic, non-toxic polyfunctional substrate to which a multiplicity of biological or chemical molecules such as polynucleotide duplexes may be attached covalently. They will normally have an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 200,000, usually about 200 to about 20,000, and are homogeneous as compared to the prior art polymers which were a mixture of compounds of widely fluctuating molecular weight.
  • Examples of particularly preferred, homogenous valency platform molecules within the present invention are derivatized 2,2′-ethylenedioxydiethylamine (EDDA), triethylene glycol (TEG) and polyethylene glycols (PEGs) having a molecular weight of about 200 to about 8,000.
  • EDDA 2,2′-ethylenedioxydiethylamine
  • TAG triethylene glycol
  • PEGs polyethylene glycols
  • Conjugation of a biological or chemical molecule to the chemically-defined platform molecule may be effected in any number of ways, typically involving one or more crosslinking agents and functional groups on the biological or chemical molecule and valency platform molecule.
  • the synthetic polynucleotide duplexes that are coupled to the valency platform molecule are composed of at least about 20 bp and preferably 20-50 bp.
  • Polynucleotides described herein are deoxyribonucleotides unless otherwise indicated and are set forth in 5′ to 3′ orientation.
  • the duplexes are substantially homogeneous in length; that is, the variation in length in the population will not normally exceed about ⁇ 20%, preferably ⁇ 10%, of the average duplex length in base pairs. They are also preferably substantially homogeneous in nucleotide composition; that is, their base composition and sequence will not vary from duplex to duplex more than about 10%. Most preferably they are entirely homogeneous in nucleotide composition from duplex to duplex.
  • duplexes that are useful in the invention assume a B-DNA type helical structure. It should be understood that it is not intended that the invention be limited by this belief and that the duplexes may, upon more conclusive analysis assume Z-DNA and/or A-DNA type helical structures.
  • polynucleotide duplexes may be synthesized from native DNA or synthesized by chemical or recombinant techniques.
  • Naturally occurring or recombinantly produced dsDNA of longer length may be digested (e.g., enzymatically, chemically or by mechanical shearing) and fractionated (e.g., by agarose gel or Sephadex® column) to obtain polynucleotides of the desired length.
  • pairs of complementary single-stranded polynucleotide chains up to about 70 bases in length are readily prepared using commercially available DNA synthesizers and then annealed to form duplexes by conventional procedures.
  • Synthetic dsDNA of longer length may be obtained by enzymatic extension (5′-phosphorylation followed by ligation) of the chemically produced shorter chains.
  • the polynucleotides may also be made by molecular cloning. For instance, polynucleotides of desired length and sequence are synthesized as above. These polynucleotides may be designed to have appropriate termini for ligation into specific restriction sites. Multiple iterations of these oligomers may be ligated in tandem to provide for multicopy replication. The resulting construct is inserted into a standard cloning vector and the vector is introduced into a suitable microorganism/cell by transformation. Transformants are identified by standard markers and are grown under conditions that favor DNA replication. The polynucleotides may be isolated from the other DNA of the cell/microorganism by treatment with restriction enzymes and conventional size fractionation (e.g., agarose gel, Sephadex® column).
  • restriction enzymes and conventional size fractionation e.g., agarose gel, Sephadex® column.
  • the polynucleotides may be replicated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • Polynucleotides may be screened for binding activity with SLE antisera by the assays described in the examples.
  • the modified Farr assay in which binding activity may be expressed as I 50 is a preferred assay.
  • Polynucleotide duplexes having an I 50 of less than about 500 nM, preferably less than 50 nM, are deemed to have significant binding activity and are, therefore, useful for making the conjugates of this invention.
  • the polynucleotides are conjugated to the chemically-defined valency platform molecule in a manner that preserves their antibody binding activity. This is done by conjugating the polynucleotide to the valency platform molecule at a predetermined site on the polynucleotide chain such that the polynucleotide forms a pendant chain of at least about 20 base pairs measured from the conjugating site to the free (unattached) end of the chain.
  • the polynucleotides of the invention conjugates are coupled to a linker molecule at or proximate one of their ends.
  • the linker molecule is then coupled to the chemically-defined valency platform molecule.
  • a defined double-stranded PN can be conjugated to a valency platform molecule by first providing a single chain consisting of approximately 20 alternating cytosine (C) and adenosine (A) nucleotides.
  • C cytosine
  • A adenosine
  • the valency platform molecule is synthesized to include groups such as bromoacetyl.
  • a second single nucleotide chain consisting of approximately 20 alternating thymidine (T) and guanosine (G) nucleotides can then be annealed to the CA strand to form a double-stranded PN conjugate of the formula, [(PN) 20 -linker] 4 -valency platform molecule.
  • the polynucleotide may be coupled to the derivatized valency platform molecule at the 3′ end of the polynucleotide via a morpholino bridge formed by condensing an oxidized 3′ terminal ribose on one of the strands of the polynucleotide with a free amino group on the derivatized platform molecule and then subjecting the adduct to reducing conditions to form the morpholino linkage.
  • Such coupling requires the derivatized platform molecule to have at least an equal number of amino groups as the number of polynucleotide duplexes to be bound to the platform molecule. The synthesis of such a conjugate is carried out in two steps.
  • the first step is coupling one strand of the polynucleotide duplex to the derivatized platform molecule via the condensation/reduction reaction described above.
  • the oxidized 3′ terminal ribose is formed on the single polynucleotide strand by treating the strand with periodate to convert the 3′ terminal ribose group to an oxidized ribose group.
  • the single-stranded polynucleotide is then added slowly to an aqueous solution of the derivatized platform molecule with a pH of about 6.0 to 8.0 at 2-8° C.
  • the molar ratio of polynucleotide to platform molecule in all the conjugation strategies will normally be in the range of about 2:1 to about 30:1, usually about 2:1 to about 8:1 and preferably about 4:1 to 6:1.
  • the conjugate not have an excessively large molecular weight as large molecules, particularly those with repeating units, of m.w. >200,000 may be T-independent immunogens. See Dintzis et al., J. Immun. (1983) 131:2196 and J. Immun. (1989) 143:1239.
  • a strong reducing agent such as sodium cyanoborohydride
  • the complementary strand of the duplex is then added to the conjugate and the mixture is heated and slowly cooled to cause the strands to anneal.
  • the conjugate may be purified by gel permeation chromatography.
  • An alternative to the ribose strategy is forming aldehyde functionalities on the polynucleotides and using those functionalities to couple the polynucleotide to the platform molecule via reactive functional groups thereon.
  • Advantage may be taken of the fact that gem, vicinal diols, attached to the 3′ or 5′ end of the polynucleotide, may be oxidized with sodium periodate to yield aldehydes which can condense with functional amino groups of the platform molecule.
  • the resulting condensation product is a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen, e.g., a six-membered morpholino or piperidino ring.
  • the imino-condensation product is stabilized by reduction with a suitable reducing agent; e.g., sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride.
  • a suitable reducing agent e.g., sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride.
  • Another procedure involves introducing alkylamino or alkylsulfhydryl moieties into either the 3′ or 5′ ends of the polynucleotide by appropriate nucleotide chemistry, e.g., phosphoramidate chemistry.
  • the nucleophilic groups may then be used to react with a large excess of homobifunctional cross-linking reagent, e.g., dimethyl suberimidate, in the case of alkylamine derivatives, or an excess of heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent, e.g., m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS) or succinimidyl (4-iodoacetyl) aminobenzoate (SIAB), for the alkylsulfhydryl derivatives.
  • MBS m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
  • SIAB succinimidyl (4-iodoacetyl) aminobenzoate
  • the polynucleotide derivatives are reacted with amino groups on the platform molecule.
  • the sulfhydryl group may be reacted with an electrophilic center on the platform, such as a maleimide or ⁇ -hal
  • nucleosides employ Suitable deoxynucleoside derivatives. Suitable deoxynucleoside derivatives can be incorporated, by standard DNA synthetic chemistry, at desired positions in the polynucleotide, preferably on the 5′ or 3′ ends. These nucleoside derivatives may then react specifically and directly with alkylamino groups on the platform molecule. Alternatively, side reactions seen with the above-described dialdehyde chemistry, such as amine catalyzed beta-elimination, can be circumvented by employing appropriate nucleoside derivatives as the 3′ terminus of the chain to be attached.
  • 5′ methylene extension of ribose i.e., a 5′ (2-hydroxyethyl)-group instead of a 5′ hydroxymethyl group.
  • An alternative would be to use a phosphonate or phosphinate linkage for the 3′ terminal dinucleotide of the polynucleotide to be attached to the platform molecule.
  • Immunogens that are involved in antibody-mediated pathologies may be external (foreign to the individual) immunogens such as allergens, ⁇ -sperm associated with male infertility, the rheumatic fever carbohydrate complex, the RBC Rh/D antigen associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn, biological drugs, including native biological substances foreign to the individual such as therapeutic proteins, peptides and antibodies, and the like or self-immunogens (autoimmunogens) such as those associated with thyroiditis (thyroglobulin), stroke (cardiolipin) and myasthenia gravis (acetylcholine receptor).
  • autoimmunogens self-immunogens
  • Analogs to such immunogens may be identified by screening candidate molecules to determine whether they (a) bind specifically to serum antibodies to the immunogen and (b) lack T cell epitopes. Specific binding to serum antibodies may be determined using conventional immunoassays and the presence or absence of T cell epitopes may be determined by conventional T cell activation assays. In this regard, an analog which “binds specifically” to serum antibodies to the immunogen exhibits a reasonable affinity thereto. Further in this regard, it should be recognized that testing for T cell epitopes is conducted on a subject-by-subject basis using T cells taken from an intended recipient or from various patients that represent the target population of recipients.
  • the presence or absence of T cell epitopes may be determined using the tritiated thymidine incorporation assay described in the examples.
  • the presence of T cell eptiopes can also be determined by measuring secretion of T cell-derived lymphokines by methods well known in the art. Analogs that fail to induce statistically significant incorporation of thymidine above background are deemed to lack T cell epitopes. It will be appreciated that the quantitative amount of thymidine incorporation may vary with the immunogen. Typically a stimulation index below about 2-3, more usually about 1-2, is indicative of a lack of T cell epitopes.
  • a normal first step in identifying useful analogs is to prepare a panel or library of candidates to screen.
  • libraries may be made by synthetic or recombinant techniques such as those described by Geysen et al. in Synthetic Peptides as Antigens; Ciba Symposium (1986) 119:131-149; Devlin et al., Science (1990) 249:404-406; Scott et al., Science (1990) 249:386-390; and Cwirla et al., PNAS USA (1990) 87:6378-6382.
  • peptides of about 5 to 30 amino acids are synthesized in such a manner that each peptide overlaps the next and all linear epitopes are represented. This is accomplished by overlapping both the carboxyl and amino termini by one less residue than that expected for a B cell epitope. For example, if the assumed minimum requirement for a B cell epitope is six amino acids, then each peptide must overlap the neighboring peptides by five amino acids.
  • each peptide is then screened against antisera produced against the native immunogen, either by immunization of animals or from patients, to identify the presence of B cell epitopes. Those molecules with antibody binding activity are then screened for the presence of T cell epitopes as described in the examples. The molecules lacking T cell epitopes are useful as analogs in the invention.
  • the T cell epitope(s) of an immunogen are known or can be identified, random T cell screening of candidate analogs is not necessary.
  • the T cell epitope(s) may be altered (e.g., by chemical derivatization, or elimination of one or more components of the epitope) to render them inoperative or be eliminated completely, such as, for instance, in the case of peptides, by synthetic or recombinant procedures.
  • Mimotopes and aptamers are synthesized by conventional methods and are screened in the same manner as other analogs of immunogens.
  • the analogs are coupled to a nonimmunogenic valency platform molecule to prepare the conjugates of the invention.
  • Conjugates comprising valency platform molecules and biologically active molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, lipopolysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, drugs, and analogs of interest are synthesized utilizing the chemistries exemplified herein.
  • a preferred method of synthesis is to incorporate a linker molecule on the biological molecule by well known methods chosen on a case-by-case basis.
  • adriamycin doxorubicin
  • Adriamycin can also be modified to contain thiol groups for conjugation to a haloacetylated platform (Kaneko, T., et al., Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2:133 (1991)).
  • Carbohydrates such as oligosaccharides can be modified to contain a sulfhydryl-containing linker (Wood, S. J. and Wetzel, R., Bioconlugate Chemistry, 3:391 (1992)).
  • the sulfhydryl group is used for conjugation to a haloacetylated platform.
  • carbohydrates can be oxidized to generate aldehydes which is reacted in the presence of NaCNBH 3 with amino platforms to form conjugates.
  • Lipids such as glycol-lipids containing an ethanolamine group are reacted with an activated carboxylate on the platform.
  • Lipopolysaccharides containing sugar units are oxidized to generate aldehydes which are reacted in the presence of NaCNBH 3 with amino platforms to form conjugates by reductive amination.
  • sulfhydryl groups on the protein are conjugated to a platform via haloacetyl groups.
  • Glycoproteins are modified with a thiol linker using iminothiolate. The thiol reacts with platforms containing haloacetyl groups.
  • the conjugates will normally be formulated for administration by injection, (e.g., intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, intravenously etc.). Accordingly, they will typically be combined with pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carriers such as saline, Ringer's solution, dextrose solution, and the like.
  • the conjugate will normally constitute about 0.01% to 10% by weight of the formulation.
  • the conjugate is administered to an individual in amounts sufficient to at least partially reestablish tolerance to the autoantigens causing SLE. Such amounts are sometimes herein referred to as “therapeutically effective” amounts.
  • the particular dosage regimen i.e., dose, timing and repetition, will depend upon the particular individual, and that individual's medical history. Normally a dose of about 1 to 1000 vg conjugate/kg body weight will be given. Repetitive administrations may be required to achieve and/or maintain a state of immune tolerance.
  • Compound 16 A solution of 830 mg (0.99 mmol) of compound 15 in 7.5 mL of dioxane was added to a solution of 58 uL (59 mg, 0.40 mmol) of 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)-diethylamine (Fluka) and 111 mg (1.31 mmol) of NaHCO 3 in 7.5 mL of H 2 O. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture-was partitioned between 50 mL of 1 N HCl and 50 mL of CH 2 Cl 2 . The CH 2 Cl 2 layer was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated to provide 1.28 g of viscous oil.
  • Compound 35 A solution of 613 mg (0.41 mmol) of compound 16 in 20.3 mL of EtOH and 10.1 mL of cyclohexene was stirred and purged with nitrogen. 20 mg of 10% Pd on carbon (Aldrich) was added and the mixture was heated in a 85° oil bath for 1.5 hours. When cool, the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth using 50/50 H 2 O/acetone to rinse the flask and filter.
  • Pd on carbon Aldrich
  • the CH 2 Cl 2 layer was discarded, and the aqueous layer was extracted with two 50 mL portions of CH2Cl 2 , two 50 mL portions of 9/1 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH, 50 mL of 4/1 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH, and 50 mL of 3/2 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH.
  • the extracts were combined and dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated to provide 282 mg of solid.
  • a reflux condenser was affixed and the mixture was heated under N 2 atmosphere with stirring at 400 for 16 hours and then at 600 for 24 hours.
  • the mixture was acidified with 1 mL of concentrated HCI and transferred to a separatory funnel.
  • the oil which settled to the bottom was collected, and the aqueous phase was extracted with three 40 mL portions of CH 2 Cl 2 .
  • the oil and combined extracts were dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated to give 23.5 q of oil.
  • Biscyanoethyl ether was removed by Khugelrhor distillation at 110° and 0.25 torr.
  • the pot residue was crystallized from 1 L of H 2 O to give 8.43 g (41%) of compound 21 as white needles: m.p.
  • the mixture was shaken with 80 mL of 1 N HCl and the CH 2 Cl 2 layer which contained emulsions was washed with 100 mL of H 2 O.
  • the CH 2 Cl 2 layer was dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated.
  • Compound 30a A solution of 268 mg (1.04 mmol) of compound 10 in 4.65 mL of dioxane was added to a solution of 550 mg (0.13 mmol) of compound 38a and 175 mg (2.08 mmol) of NaHCO3 in 3.11 mL of H 2 O at 0°. The mixture was stirred for 20 hours and partitioned between 50 mL of 1 N H 2 SO 4 and two 50 mL portions of CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined CH 2 Cl 2 layers were dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated to an oil.
  • Compound 32 A solution of 1.0 g (0.25 mmol) of compound 3 in 12 mL of 5:1 CH 2 Cl 2 /dioxane was added dropwise to a 50° solution of 600 mg (1.0 mmol) of compound 1 in 10 mL of dioxane and 1.5 mL of pyridine. The resulting cloudy solution was stirred for 72 hours. 25 mL of CH 2 Cl 2 was added and the mixture was then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated and the semi-solid residue was purified by chromatography on G-10 Sephadexz.
  • Compound 45 A mixture of 560 mg (1.4 mmol) of compound 44 and 1.69 g (6.0 mmol) of compound 4 was heated under nitrogen at 1500 for 4 hours. The mixture was partitioned between 50 mL of EtOAc and 25 mL of 1N HCL, and the HCl layer was extracted with 25 mL of saturated NaHCO 3 s6lution, dried (K 2 CO 3 ), filtered, and concentrated to a viscous residue.
  • the resulting mixture was stirred under nitrogen for 18 hours and partitioned between 25 mL of 1N HCl and three 25 mL portions of CH 2 Cl 2 .
  • the aqueous phase was extracted with three 25 mL portions of 3/1 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH and three 25 mL portions of 1/1 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH.
  • the first two CH 2 Cl 2 extracts were discarded and the remaining extracts were combined, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated to give 102 mg of a viscous oil.
  • the mixture was stirred for 4 hours and then partitioned between 25 mL of CH 2 Cl 2 and 25 mL of chilled saturated NaHCO 3 solution.
  • the CH 2 Cl 2 layer was washed with saturated NaCl solution, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated.
  • a particularly specific method uses a thiol attached to the biological or chemical molecule to react nucleophilically with a reactive “thiophillic” group on the valency platform molecule to form a thioether bond, but other combinations of reactive groups on the platform molecule and on the biological or chemical molecule can also be employed for attaching biological or chemical molecules covalently to a valency platform molecule.
  • Table 1 contains a number of combinations of mutually reactive groups. The preference of any given method is dictated by the nature of the biological or chemical molecule (solubility, presence of other reactive groups, etc.).
  • valency platform molecules can be synthesized and conjugated with biological or chemical molecules. These examples show how peptides and oligonucleotides can be conjugated to valency platform molecules using some of the mutually reactive groups in Table 1. In addition to peptides and oligonucleotides, other biologically active molecules (proteins, drugs, etc.) can also be conjugated to valency platform molecules.
  • Compound A Compound 36 (861 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 252 mg (3.0 mmol) of NaHCO 3 are dissolved in 20 mL of 1/1 dioxane/H 2 O. The mixture is cooled to 0°, and a solution of 1.16 g (5.0 mmol) of N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate (Prochem Inc.) in 40 mL of dioxane is added to the stirred mixture. After 1 hour the mixture is extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatography to provide A.
  • Compound X—Bromoacetylated Peptide A peptide is synthesized with standard solid phase methods on a Wang (p-alkoxybenzyl) resin using FMOC chemistry. FMOC protected amino acids are added sequentially to the amino terminus. The final step involves coupling N-bromoacetylaminocaproic acid. The protecting groups are removed, and the peptide is removed from the resin with trifluoroacetic acid to give X which is purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC.
  • Peptide Platinum-Platform Coniugate. C. To the approximately 10 mmol solution of tetrathiol platform, a, in pH 10 buffer, is added an excess of a solution of bromoacetylated peptide, X, in DMSO. The peptide conjugate, C, is purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC.
  • Compound Y—Peptide with Activated Carboxylate A peptide is synthesized with standard solid phase methods on a Wang (p-alkoxybenzyl) resin, using TFA stable protecting groups (benzyl ester on carboxyl groups and CBZ on amino groups). Amino acid residues are added sequentially to the amino terminus. The peptide is removed from the resin with TFAto provide a peptide with one free carboxyl group at the carboxy terminus and all the other carboxyls and amines blocked. The protected peptide, Y, is purified by reverse phase HPLC.
  • Olicionucleotide Platform Coniugate.
  • a 500 uL aliquot (100 umol) of a 200 ThM solution of NalO 4 is added to a solution of 1.0 g (400 mg of full length, 25 umol) of ACT-modified (CA) 25 in 19.5 mL of H 2 O at 0° in the dark.
  • the mixture is kept at 0° for 40 minutes, and 50 miL of EtOH is added.
  • the mixture is kept at ⁇ 20° for 30 minutes and centrifuged for 5 minutes at 2000 RPM. The supernatant is discarded, and the pellet is dried under vacuum.
  • the pellet is dissolved in 3.3 mL of H 2 O, and to the resulting solution is added a solution of 4.3 mg (0.005 mmol) of 36 in 2.0 mL of pH 8.0 100 mM sodium borate. To the resulting solution is added 250 uL (50 umol) of a 200 mM solution of pyridine-borane complex in MeOH, and the mixture is kept at 37° for 4 days.
  • the conjugate, E can be purified by ion exchange chromatography.
  • Compound Z Peptide with Amino Group.
  • a peptide is synthesized with standard solid phase methods on a Wang (p-alkoxybenzyl) resin. Lysine ⁇ -amines are protected as CBZ groups. Amino acid residues are added sequentially to the amino terminus using FMOC chemistry. The last residue added is N-FMOC-aminocaproic acid. After cleaving from the resin with trifluoroacetic acid, the FMOC group is removed with piperidine to provide a peptide with a free amine linker. The peptide, Z, is purified by reverse phase HPLC.
  • Peptide—Platform Conjugate, H A solution of 0.05 mmol of Z and 0.1 mmol of Et 3 N in 1 mL of DMF is prepared. To the solution is added a solution of 16.5 mg (0.01 mmol) of G in 1 mL of DMF. The mixture is stirred until the reaction is complete. To remove protecting groups, the conjugate is dissolved in MeOH, and the solution is placed in a Parr hydrogenation apparatus with 100 mg of 10% Pd/C per gram of conjugate. The mixture is shaken under 60 psi H 2 , and the deprotected conjugate, H, is purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC.
  • Compound 1 Platinum with Four Isothiocyanates.
  • Thiophosgene (381 uL, 575 mg, 5.0 mmol) is added to a solution of 86i mg (1.0 mmol) of 36 in 10 mL of THF, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature until complete by TLC.
  • the mixture is partitioned between methylene chloride and a solution of 5% NaHCO 3 .
  • the extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated.
  • the product, I is purified by silica gel chromatography.
  • Peytide—Platform Coniugate. J A solution of 0.05 mmol of Z and 0.1 mmol of Et 3 N in 1 mL of DMF is prepared. To the solution is added a solution of 10.3 mg (0.01 mmol) of 1 in 1 mL of DMF. The mixture is stirred until the reaction is complete. To.remove protecting groups, the conjugate is dissolved in MeOH, and the solution is placed in a Parr hydrogenation apparatus with 100 mg of 10% Pd/C per gram of conjugate. The mixture is shaken under 60 psi H 2 , and the deprotected conjugate, J, is purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC.
  • Peptide Platform Coniugate. M. A solution of 1 mmol of Z in 10 mL of pyridine is added to a solution of 132 mg (0.2 mmol) of L in 5 mL of 1/1 THF/pyridine. The mixture is stirred until the reaction is complete. Solvents are removed in vacuo. To remove protecting groups, the conjugate is dissolved in MeOH, and the solution is placed in a Parr hydrogenation apparatus with 100 mg of 10% Pd/C per gram of conjugate. The mixture is shaken under 60 psi H 2 , and the deprotected conjugate, M, is purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC.
  • Compound M Compound L is treated with trifluoroacetic acid in CH 2 Cl 2 . When the reaction is complete, the mixture is concentrated under vacuum to provide compound M as the trifluoroacetate salt.
  • Compound N Compound 6 (Scheme 2) is treated with trifluoroacetic acid in CH 2 Cl 2 . When the reaction is complete, the mixture is concentrated under vacuum to provide compound E as the trifluoroacetate salt.
  • Compound P Compound 2 is dissolved in EtOH and hydrogenated in a Parr shaker with 100 mg of 10% palladium on carbon per gram of Q. The reaction is monitored for completeness by TLC. When the reaction is complete, the catalyst is removed by filtration, and the mixture is concentrated to yield compound P.
  • the polynucleotide d-[DMTr-(bzCp(CE)bzA) 10 ] was prepared on a Milligen 8800 Prep Scale DNA synthesizer (See FIG. 6A) following the manufacturer's protocols for DNA phosphoramidite synthesis.
  • the synthesis was carried out on 10 g of DMTr—d—bzA—CPG support with a nucleoside loading of 30.0 ⁇ mol/g.
  • the final DMTr blocking group was removed using the machine protocol.
  • Milligen activator solution, Cat. No. MBS 5040 (45 mL) and 0.385 g of compound 51 (see Reaction Scheme 11) were added to the reaction and the suspension was mixed for a minutes by argon ebullition.
  • the mixture was oxidized by the usual machine protocol and the support-bound polynucleotide was collected by filtration, air dried and treated with 100 mL of concentrated ammonia for 16 hours at 55° C.
  • the mixture was filtered through a Gelman 10 ⁇ polypropylene filter.
  • the filter was washed with 200 mL of 2 mM NaCl adjusted to pH 12 with NaOH.
  • the filtrate was then applied to a Amicon chromatography column (0.45 ⁇ 9.4 cm, 150 mL) which had been packed with Q-Sepharose (Pharmacia) equilibrated first with 3M NaCl and then with 2 mM NaCl, pH 12.
  • the column was eluted with 500 mL of a linear gradient (2 mM NaCl, pH 12 to mL 1.3 M NaCl, pH 12), then washed with 1.3 M NaCl, pH 12 until all U.V. absorbing material came off. Fractions which absorbed at 260 nm were further analyzed by polyacrylamide electrophoresis and those containing pure product were pooled. The pool (120 mL) was treated with 240 mL of cold isopropanol and stored for 30 minutes at ⁇ 20° C. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation in a Sorvall RC 3B centrifuge using a model H-6000A rotor for 15 minutes at 3000 rpm and 40° C. to yield DMTr-5′-modified (CA) 10 (14946 A260 units, 498 mg, 62.2 ⁇ M, 20% based on 300 ⁇ M, CPG nucleoside.)
  • Tr-5′-modified (CA) 10 was carried out as described above for the synthesis of DMTr-5′-modified (CA) 10 (prepared as described in Reaction Scheme 11 ) by substituting compound 53 for compound 51.
  • the material was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes.
  • the pellet was redissolved in 2 mL of water, 0.2 mL of 3M NaCl, treated with 4 mL isopropanol and recentrifuged.
  • the pellet was briefly dried under vacuum and dissolved in 2.8 mL of water and 1 mL of 0.1 N NaHCO 3 which had been sparged with helium. 6.7 mg of compound 3 (IA-DABA-PEG) was added, and the mixture was kept for 16 hours at room temperature in the dark.
  • the reaction mixture in a final volume of 6 mL was applied to a 5 ⁇ 91 (1800 Ml) Pharmacia column which was packed with Sephacryl 200 (Pharmacia).
  • the column was eluted with 0.5 M NaCl, 0.1 M sodium borate, pH 8.3.
  • a peristaltic pump was used and set to give a flow rate of approximately 2 mL per min., and fractions of 15 ml were collected. The absorbance of the fractions at 260 nm was measured. The fractions were also analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and those containing pure conjugate were pooled.
  • the pooled fractions from above contained 726 A 260 units.
  • the equivalent amount of (TG) 10 was added and the tube was heated at 90° C. for ten minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature over 1.5 hours.
  • An equal amount of isopropanol was added and the mixture kept for 3 hours at ⁇ 20° C. After centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, the pellet was dissolved in 0.15 M NaCl, 0.01 M sodium citrate, pH 6.8. 53 mg of the hybrid was obtained.
  • An aliquot of the material was diluted in the above buffer and the melting temperature of the duplex was determined in a Carey 3E spectrophotometer. The material had a Tm of 73.4° C. and 24.3% hyperchromicity.
  • a A 260 unit aliquot of the product was annealed with excess (TG) 10 as described above. This as well as unannealed conjugate and a (TG) 10 standard were analyzed by gel permeation HPLC on a Shodex Protein KW 8025 column on a Rainin HPLC instrument. The column was eluted isocratically with 0.05M NaH 2 PO 4 , pH 6.5, 0.5M NaCl. The run time was 12 minutes. The product had a retention time of 6.9 minutes and (TG) 10 9.2 minutes. Comparison of the area under the peaks showed that 98.09% of the product was double stranded DNA.
  • the conjugate is represented by the structure designated “Conjugate 3-II” in FIG. 6A.
  • Compound 58 was coupled to (CA) 25 as the final step of automated synthesis Forty-nine sequential steps were carried out using alternating dC and dA phosphoramidites beginning with 10 g of DMT—d—bzA—CPG support with a nucleoside loading of 30 ⁇ mol/g.
  • the DMTr blocking group was removed from the resulting d-[DMTr-(bzCp(CE)BzA) 25 ], and 40 mL of activator solution (Milligen, Cat. No. MBS 5040) and 800 mg of compound 58 were added to the reaction mixture.
  • the suspension was mixed for 8 minutes by argon ebullition and subjected to a conventional oxidation step.
  • the support bound polynucleotide was removed from the reaction vessel, air dried, and treated with 100 mL of concentrated ammonia for 40 hours at 55°. When cool, the mixture was filtered through a Gelman 10 Am polypropylene filter and the filtrate was then purified by conventional ion exchange chromatography. Fractions which absorbed at 260 nm were further analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and those containing pure product were combined and precipitated with isopropanol to provide 510 mg (31.9 ⁇ mol, 10%) of the ACT-modified (CA) 25 .
  • Conjugate 3-II was tested for its ability to tolerize mice that had been immunized with an immunogenic form of the polynucleotidp.
  • mice C57BL/6 female mice 6 weeks of age were purchased from Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, Me. The mice were housed and cared for by NIH approved methods.
  • mice were primed, according to the method of Iverson ( Assay for in vivo AdoDtive Immune Response in Handbook of Experimental Immunology, Vol. 2 Cellular Immunology, Eds. D. M. Weir, L. A. Herzenberg, C. Blackwell and A. Herzenberg, 4th Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford) by injecting the mice, i.p., with 100 ⁇ g of PN—KLH precipitated on alum and with 2 ⁇ 10 9 formalin fixed pertussis organisms as an adjuvant. The mice were boosted with 50 ⁇ g of PN—KLH, in saline, i.p.
  • SRBC Sheep Red Blood Cells
  • SRBC Sheep Red Blood Cells
  • the SRBC were coated with (CA) 25 :(TG) 25 (a 50 mer of CA:GT) by the method of Kipp and Miller (“Preparation of Protein-Conjugated Red Blood Cells with ECDI (Modification)” in Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology, (1980), Eds. B. B. Mishell and S. M. Shiigi, W. H. Freemen and Co., San Francisco, p. 103).
  • the SRBC were washed 4 times in cold saline, mixed with 2 mg of (CA) 25 :(TG) 25 coupled to D-EK in 0.35M mannitol, 0.01 M NaCl containing 10 mg of carbodiimide and incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C.
  • the coated SRBC were washed twice with cold Balanced Salt Solution and resuspended to 10 (v/v).
  • Plaque assay The number of anti-PN plaque forming cells (pfc) was determined using the Cunningham technique (Marbrook, J., “Liquid Matrix (Slide Method)”, in Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology, (1980), Eds. B. B. Mishell and S. M. Shiigi, W. H. Freemen and Co., San Francisco, p. 86.) The number of IgG pfc were determined by elimination of IgM plagues using rabbit and anti-mouse IgG as described by Henry (“Estimation of IgG responses by Elimination of IgM Plaques” in Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology, (1980), Eds. B. B. Mishell and S. M. Shiigi, W.
  • spleens were harvested and single cell suspensions made in balanced salt solution (BSS). Guinea pig serum was added to polynucleotide coated SRBC to give a final dilution of 1:9 guinea pig serum, and enough rabbit anti-mouse IgG was added to give a final dilution of 1:100 rabbit anti-mouse IgG. Equal volumes of the SRBC mixture and diluted spleen cells were mixed in microtiter wells and transferred to Cunningham chambers. Each spleen was tested individually and in triplicate. The edges of the chambers were sealed with paraffin and the chambers were incubated at 37° C. for 1 hour. The number of plaques were enumerated by viewing the chambers under an inverted microscope.
  • BSS balanced salt solution
  • mice were primed with PN—KLH precipitated on alum with pertussis as an adjuvant (A&P) and seven weeks later divided into groups of 3 mice each.
  • the mice were treated, i.p., with doubling dilutions of PN—DABA—PEG, Conjugate 3-II five days later all of the mice, including the control, were boosted with 50 ⁇ g of PN—KLH, in saline, i.p. Four days later, the spleens were harvested and the number of IgG pfc determined.
  • Table 2 all doses of Conjugate 3-Il tested showed a significant reduction in the number of pfc as compared to the control group.
  • One neck of the flask had an argon gas inlet while the other two necks were stoppered.
  • the total volume was adjusted to 7.7 mL with H 2 O and 0.87 mL of helium sparged IM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.8, and 0.97 mL of MeOH.
  • 1.9 mL (33.63 mg, 0.025 mmol) of a 17.7 mg/mL solution of compound 20 in MeOH was added to the mixture.
  • the resulting milture was stirred under argon for 20 hours and then diluted to 100 mL with a solution comprising 0.1 M NaCl, 0.05 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, and 10% MeOH.
  • the concentration was determined to be 17.7 mg/mL by absorbance at 260 nm (0.050 mg/absorbance unit); transition melt temperature 67.5° C.; hyperchromicity 27%; osmolality 346; pH 7.2.
  • the solution was diluted to a final concentration of 12.7 mg/mL and an osmolality of 299 by adding 7.23 mL of pH 7.2 1 ⁇ 2 X PBS and filtering through a 0.22 ⁇ filter.
  • a 50 mg/mL solution of the solid is prepared in He sparged 100 mM pH 10 sodium borate buffer. 0.25 equivalents of compound 20 as a 40 mg/mL solution in 9/1 MeOH/H 2 O is added to the mixture. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3-20 hours and diluted (0.1 M NaCl, 0.05 sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 10% MeOH). Purification is accomplished by chromatography on Factogel (equilibration; 0.1 M NaCl, 0.05 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 10% MeOH: elution gradient; 0.5 M NaCl, 0.05 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 10% MeOH to 0.8 M NaCl, 0.05 sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 10% MeOH).
  • the mixture was then placed in a freezer at ⁇ 20° C. for 2 hours, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes and then from at ⁇ 20° C. for 11 hours. The supernatant was decanted and the pellet was dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give a solid.
  • a solution of the solid was prepared in 110 mL of Ar sparged 100 mM pH 10 sodium borate buffer. 406 mg of compound 20 as a solution in 4.4 mL of 9/1 MeOH/H 2 O was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
  • mice were immunized with PN—KLH and A&P. After three weeks, groups of 5 mice/group were treated with either different doses of Conjugate 20-II or 4.5 nM HAD-AHAB-TEG (linker, HAD, attached to derivatized valency platform molecule, AHAB-TEG, see FIG. 7), or 18 nM (4 ⁇ 4.5) (CA) 10 (TG) 10 , or a mixture of 4.5 nM HAD—AHAB—TEG plus 18 nM (CA) 10 :(TG) 10 , i.p.; and one group was not treated. The groups were given booster injections and the sera were collected and assayed as described in Example 6.
  • Conjugate 20-II or 4.5 nM HAD-AHAB-TEG (linker, HAD, attached to derivatized valency platform molecule, AHAB-TEG, see FIG. 7), or 18 nM (4 ⁇ 4.5) (CA) 10 (TG) 10 , or
  • the percent reduction of the anti-PN response is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the anti-KLH responses of these mice was normal and were not significantly different than those shown in FIG. 2.
  • the PN must be coupled to the nonimmunogenic valency platform molecule in order to induce tolerance.
  • Coniugate 20-II causes a Reduction in the Number of PN-specific Antibody Producing Cells
  • mice were immunized with PN—KLH, A&P. After three weeks, groups of 3 mice/group were treated with different doses of Conjugate 20-II, i.p; one group was not treated. After five days, all of the mice were given a booster injection of PN—KLH in saline, i.p., and then 4 days later their spleens were harvested and assayed for the number of PN-specific, IgG-producing cells using the hemolytic plaque assay. The results, shown in Table 3, clearly show that this conjugate reduced the number of PN-specific IgG-producing cells.
  • mice C57BL/6 mice were immunized with PN—KLH, A&P. Three weeks later groups of 5 mice/group were treated with different doses of Conjugate 17-II intraperitoneally, (i.p.), and one group was not treated. Five days later all of the mice were given a booster injection of PN-KLH, in saline, i.p., and 7 days later the mice were bled. The sera were analyzed for antigeN antibody by the Farr assay at a PN concentration of 10 ⁇ 8 M. The percentage reduction of the anti-PN response is shown in FIG. 1. The sera were also analyzed for anti-KIH antibodies using an ELISA assay.
  • FIG. 2 The results, expressed as the percentage of anti-KLH compared to a standard pool of anti-KLH sera, are shown in FIG. 2.
  • the data in FIG. 1 show that this conjugate reduces the anti-PN response.
  • the anti-KLH (platform molecule) response in all of the mice is normal (see FIG. 2).
  • mice were immunized with PN—KLH, A&P. After three weeks, groups of 3 mice/group were treated with different doses of Conjugate 11-II, i.p., one group was not treated. Five days later, all of the mice were given booster injections of PN-KLH in saline, i.p.; and 4 days later their spleens were harvested and assayed for the number of PN-specific, IgG-producing cells using the hemolytic plaque assay. The results of this experiment with different doses of Conjugate 11-II are shown in Table 4.
  • a modified polynucleotide with a phosphorothioate joining. the linker to the 5′ end was prepared.
  • Synthesis of the twentymer, (CA) 10 , and the addition of the HAD linker to the polynucleotide was carried out according to the methodology of Example 5 except for the following.
  • the iodine solution was replaced with a 0.05 M solution of 3H-l,2-benzodithiole-3-one 1,1 dioxide (Glen Research, Sterling, Va.) in acetonitrile. Sulfurization was carried out according to the manufacturer's instruction. Ammonia treatment and purification were carried out as in Example 5.
  • Conjugation of the polynucleotide to the AHAB—TEG valency platform were carried out according to the methodology of Example 5.
  • Conjugate 20-IV causes a Reduction in the Number of PN-specific Antibody Producing Cells
  • mice were immunized with PN—KLH, A&P. After three weeks, groups of 3 mice/group were treated with different doses of Conjugate 20-IV, i.p.; one group was not treated. After five days, all of the mice were given a booster injection of PN—KLH in saline, i.p., and 4 days later their spleens were harvested and assayed for the number of PN-specific, IgG-producing cells using the hemolytic plaque assay. The results, shown in Table 5, show that this conjugate reduced the number of PN-specific IgG-producing cells.
  • a serum sample taken from each mouse was assessed for the presence of anti-DNA antibody by ELISA.
  • Falcon Probind 96 well microtitration assay plates (Becton Dickerson, Oxnard, CA) were coated with 100 ⁇ L/well of (PN) 50 -D—EK (a co-polymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine) at a concentration of 50 ⁇ g/mL overnight at 4° C.
  • the plates were washed twice with PBS without calcium and magnesium and 0.05% Tween 20 (wash buffer) using a M96V plate washer (ICN Biomedical, Inc., Irvine, Calif.).
  • the substrate OPD (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.)
  • OPD Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.
  • the plates were incubated in the dark until the highest reading of the highest standard was approximately 1 OD unit by an ELISA plate reader at OD 450 nm (Bio-Tek Instruments, Winooski, Vt.).
  • the reaction was stopped with 50 ⁇ L of 3M HCl and the plates were read at 490 nm.
  • the reference positive serum was included in each microtitration plate and the positive wells from each assay were within the sensitivity range of the reference curve 95% of the time. In the later bleeds, some positive samples exceeded the reference curve. However the most dilute mouse serum sample was within the range of the reference curve. No significant binding was observed by normal control negative serum.
  • the melittin molecule composed of 26 amino acids, is one of the major components of bee venom.
  • One third of the bee venor sensitive individuals have melittin specific antibodies.
  • Melittin is highly immunogenic in some mouse strains (Balb/c, CAF1).
  • the majority (>80%) of melittin specific antibodies in the responder mouse strains bind a B cell epitope which is the c-terminal heptapeptide of melittin.
  • Trp—Ile—Lys—Arg—Lys—Arg—Gln—Gln—Gly (“8 mer”) (SEQ. ID NO.: 3).
  • a cysteine was added as required for coupling certain peptides via a thioether bond to the valency platform molecule.
  • Peptides were purified by reversed phase HPLC following synthesis and lyophilized to dryness. The appropriate amount of peptide was then weighed out for each conjugation.
  • DABA-PEG diaminobenzoic acid
  • 4 iodoacetyl groups; MW approximately 4300 g/mole; 12 equivalents of peptide were used for each equivalent of DABA-PEG.
  • the PEG solution was added to the reduced peptide solution and allowed to react for at least one hour in the dark.
  • the peptide conjugate was purified by preparative HPLC. Before pooling and lyophilization, fractions were checked by electrophoresis using a 15% tricine gel.
  • mice Female Balb/c mice (6-8 weeks old; Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were obtained and housed at the La Jolla Pharmaceutical animal facility according to National Institutes.of Health guidelines. Food and water was provided ad libitum. Balb/c mice were immunized in each hind footpad with 50 ⁇ g of melittin molecule in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.). Popliteal lymph nodes were harvested aseptically seven days later. Lymph nodes were gently dissociated by teasing the cells through a 50-iesh sieve screen.
  • CFA Complete Freund's Adjuvant
  • the single cell suspension was washed in RPMI-1640 (Irvine Scientific, Irvine Calif.) containing glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin.
  • 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FCS) in quadruplicate wells of round bottom 96-well Corning microtitration plates were cultured with melittin or a melittin peptide at 10, 1.0 or 0.1 ⁇ g/mL.
  • Cells in the positive control wells were cultured with murine interleukin 2 (IL-2) at 100 or 50 U/mL, PHA (phytohemagglutinin) at 1 ⁇ g/mL.
  • the negative control wells contained lymph node cells in RPM-1640 and 10% FCS.
  • the cells were cultured for 4 days in a 37° C incubator with 5% CO 2 . Each well was pulsed with 1 ⁇ Ci of (3Hthymidine (ICN Biochemicals, Costa Mesa, Calif.) for an additional 18 hours. Cells were harvested onto a glass fiber filter mat using a semiautomatic cell harvester (Scatron, Sterling, Va.). Incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine was determined by liquid scintillation. The results were expressed as average counts per minute.
  • mice were primed intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 4 ⁇ g of melittin in CFA.
  • ICF Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant
  • 100 to 200 ⁇ L of blood was collected from the retro-orbital venous plexus 10 days later. Serum samples were assayed for anti-peptide or anti-melittin IgG antibodies.
  • T Cells from mice primed with melittin showed T cell proliferation in response to the whole melittin molecule and to C-terminal melittin peptides 3, 4, and 5 (FIG. 8).
  • C-terminal peptides 1 and 2 induced no significant T cell proliferation.
  • Melittin peptides 2 and 5 were conjugated to PEG.
  • the PEG conjugate of melittin peptide 2 (Conjugate 2) also did not induce significant T cell proliferation.
  • Spleen cells from mice treated with buffer control or conjugate 2 were assayed for the ability of antibody-forming cells to produce anti-melittin or anti-melittin peptide 2 antibodies as measured in a soluble ELISA assay.
  • the levels of anti-melittin peptide 2 antibody forming cells in the Conjugate 2 treatment group were significantly lower than in the control group which was administered formulation buffer.
  • mice Female C57BL/6 mice, ages 5 to 8 weeks were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me. Animals were maintained and treated accordingly to National Institutes of Health guidelines.
  • mice were primed by an i.p. injection containing 5 ⁇ g of melittin precipitated on alum and 2 ⁇ 10 9 B. pertussis (Michigan Department of Public Health, Lansing, Mich.) as an adjuvant. The mice were boosted with 5 ⁇ g of melittin, i.p., in PBS.
  • SRBC Sheep Red Blood Cells
  • Fresh SRBC (less than 2 weeks old) were washed four times with cold saline and one time with mannitol (0.35 M mannitol, 0.01 M NaCl).
  • the SRBC were suspended in mannitol to a concentration of 10% (v/v).
  • 100 ⁇ L of mannitol containing 30 ⁇ g of melittin peptide #3 were added to 1 mL aliquots of 10% SRBC which were then incubated on ice for 10 minutes.
  • This concentration was predetermined to inhibit all IgM pfc while enhancing the maximum number of IgG pfc.
  • An equal volume of this complement/anti-mouse IgG/SRBC suspension was mixed with a cell suspension of mouse spleen cells taken from a single mouse. 50 ⁇ L of each mixture was transferred to the chambers of a Cunningham slide (three chambers per slide). The edges were then sealed with paraffin and incubated at 37° C. for one hour. The number of plaques per chamber was counted with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Each spleen suspension was also assayed using non-conjugated SRBC as a control. The number of viable cells, in each spleen cell suspension, was determined.
  • the number of pfc per 10 6 spleen cells was determined for each chamber and the mean of the triplicates calculated.
  • the number of pfc for non-conjugated SRBC was subtracted from the number of pfc for conjugated SRBC to determine the number of peptide-specific pfc.
  • mice were primed with melittin. Groups (3 mice per group) of primed mice were boosted with melittin on days 5 2, 4, 6, and 8. On day 10 the mice were sacrificed and their spleens harvested. Cell suspensions were prepared and assayed for the number of peptide specific pfc determined. The optimal number of pfc was obtained 6 days after boosting with melittin.
  • mice primed with melittin were treated, i.p., with conjugates or with saline.
  • Conjugate 1 had only two peptides per PEG conjugate. Another had four peptides per PEG conjugate (Conjugate 2). The third had eight peptides per PEG conjugate (Conjugate 5).
  • Groups (3/group) of mice primed with melittin were treated, i.p., with the different conjugates or with saline. Five days later all of the mice, including the non-treated control group, were boosted with 5 ⁇ g of melittin.
  • mice Six days later, the mice were sacrificed, their spleens were harvested and the number of peptide-specific pfc determined. As shown in Table 8, Conjugate 1, containing two peptides per PEG molecule, was ineffective in reducing the number of peptide-specific pfc/10 6 spleen cells in mice primed and boosted with the parent protein melittin. The results show that both melittin conjugates 2 and 5 were effective as tolerogens; however, conjugate 5, which contained 8 peptides, was effective at a lower dose than conjugate 2 which contained four peptides per valency platform molecule.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
US09/753,350 1992-07-15 2000-12-29 Conjugates of T cell epitope deficient immunogen analogs for humoral anergy and chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules Abandoned US20020082400A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/753,350 US20020082400A1 (en) 1992-07-15 2000-12-29 Conjugates of T cell epitope deficient immunogen analogs for humoral anergy and chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/914,869 US5276013A (en) 1990-01-16 1992-07-15 Conjugates of biologically stable polyfunctional molecules and polynucleotides for treating systemic lupus erythematosus
US08/118,055 US6060056A (en) 1991-02-08 1993-09-08 Composition for inducing humoral anergy to an immunogen comprising a T cell epitope-deficient analog of the immunogen conjugated to a nonimmunogenic valency platform molecule
US08/152,506 US5552391A (en) 1990-01-16 1993-11-15 Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof
US08/453,254 US5606047A (en) 1990-01-16 1995-05-30 Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof
US76904196A 1996-12-18 1996-12-18
US09/753,350 US20020082400A1 (en) 1992-07-15 2000-12-29 Conjugates of T cell epitope deficient immunogen analogs for humoral anergy and chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US76904196A Continuation 1991-01-15 1996-12-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20020082400A1 true US20020082400A1 (en) 2002-06-27

Family

ID=46277215

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/753,350 Abandoned US20020082400A1 (en) 1992-07-15 2000-12-29 Conjugates of T cell epitope deficient immunogen analogs for humoral anergy and chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules
US09/752,533 Abandoned US20020107389A1 (en) 1992-07-15 2000-12-29 Conjugates of chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and biologically active molecules
US10/144,391 Expired - Fee Related US7115581B2 (en) 1991-01-15 2002-05-10 Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof
US10/631,388 Expired - Fee Related US7351855B2 (en) 1992-07-15 2003-07-30 Chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/752,533 Abandoned US20020107389A1 (en) 1992-07-15 2000-12-29 Conjugates of chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and biologically active molecules
US10/144,391 Expired - Fee Related US7115581B2 (en) 1991-01-15 2002-05-10 Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof
US10/631,388 Expired - Fee Related US7351855B2 (en) 1992-07-15 2003-07-30 Chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (4) US20020082400A1 (US07115581-20061003-C00015.png)
KR (1) KR100361933B1 (US07115581-20061003-C00015.png)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020107389A1 (en) * 1992-07-15 2002-08-08 Coutts Stephen M. Conjugates of chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and biologically active molecules
US20020110535A1 (en) * 2000-06-08 2002-08-15 Jones David S. Multivalent platform molecules comprising high molecular weight polyethylene oxide
US20030018190A1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2003-01-23 Jones David S. Valency platform molecules comprising carbamate linkages
US20030082635A1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2003-05-01 Lockheed Martin Corporation System and method for large scale detection of hazardous materials in the mail or in other objects
US20030114405A1 (en) * 2001-08-13 2003-06-19 Linnik Matthew D. Methods of treating systemic lupus erythematosus in individuals having significantly impaired renal function
US20040043019A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2004-03-04 Rauno Joks Method of treating immune-mediated diseases by administration of IgM
US20040208864A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2004-10-21 Vibeke Strand Methods of improving health-related quality of life in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus
US20040258683A1 (en) * 2003-03-30 2004-12-23 Linnik Matthew D. Methods of treating and monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus in individuals
US7081242B1 (en) 1999-11-28 2006-07-25 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Methods of treating lupus based on antibody affinity and screening methods and compositions for use thereof
US7138244B2 (en) 1991-02-08 2006-11-21 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Composition for inducing humoral anergy to an immunogen comprising a T cell epitope-deficient analog of the immunogen conjugated to a nonimmunogenic valency platform molecule

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1183230A1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2002-03-06 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Valency platform molecules comprising aminooxy groups
CA2543072A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-06-02 Pevion Biotech Ltd. Compositions comprising melittin-derived peptides and methods for the potentiation of immune responses against target antigens
US7855062B2 (en) * 2005-12-14 2010-12-21 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Bone cell delivery device
WO2011005688A1 (en) * 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Hdac 6 inhibitor-based methods for treating cancer
US8689878B2 (en) 2012-01-03 2014-04-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Junk basket with self clean assembly and methods of using same
US8993614B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2015-03-31 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Substituted pyrrolidine-2-carboxamides
MA45328A (fr) 2016-04-01 2019-02-06 Avidity Biosciences Llc Compositions acide nucléique-polypeptide et utilisations de celles-ci
WO2019113393A1 (en) 2017-12-06 2019-06-13 Avidity Biosciences Llc Compositions and methods of treating muscle atrophy and myotonic dystrophy
AU2021237465A1 (en) 2020-03-19 2022-10-13 Avidity Biosciences, Inc. Compositions and methods of treating Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Citations (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4351A (en) * 1846-01-07 Straw-cutter
US26856A (en) * 1860-01-17 Btjoying ships
US31635A (en) * 1861-03-05 Straw-cutter
US103990A (en) * 1870-06-07 Improvement in liquid-meters
US208864A (en) * 1878-10-08 Improvement in folding and tilting chairs
US224366A (en) * 1880-02-10 William w
US258683A (en) * 1882-05-30 Edwaed j
US4234563A (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-11-18 American Hospital Supply Corporation Insolubilized deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
US4399121A (en) * 1981-11-04 1983-08-16 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Iodothyronine immunogens and antibodies
US4558120A (en) * 1983-01-07 1985-12-10 The Dow Chemical Company Dense star polymer
US4568737A (en) * 1983-01-07 1986-02-04 The Dow Chemical Company Dense star polymers and dendrimers
US4734363A (en) * 1984-11-27 1988-03-29 Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. Large scale production of DNA probes
US4822594A (en) * 1987-01-27 1989-04-18 Gibby Wendell A Contrast enhancing agents for magnetic resonance images
US5135737A (en) * 1986-11-10 1992-08-04 The State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of The University Of Oregon Amplifier molecules for enhancement of diagnosis and therapy
US5171264A (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-12-15 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Immobilized polyethylene oxide star molecules for bioapplications
US5219564A (en) * 1990-07-06 1993-06-15 Enzon, Inc. Poly(alkylene oxide) amino acid copolymers and drug carriers and charged copolymers based thereon
US5229366A (en) * 1990-10-23 1993-07-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Peptide-containing polyethylene glycol derivatives and application thereof
US5229490A (en) * 1987-05-06 1993-07-20 The Rockefeller University Multiple antigen peptide system
US5268454A (en) * 1991-02-08 1993-12-07 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Composition for inducing humoral anergy to an immunogen comprising a t cell epitope-deficient analog of the immunogen conjugated to a nonimmunogenic carrier
US5276013A (en) * 1990-01-16 1994-01-04 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Conjugates of biologically stable polyfunctional molecules and polynucleotides for treating systemic lupus erythematosus
US5338532A (en) * 1986-08-18 1994-08-16 The Dow Chemical Company Starburst conjugates
US5648506A (en) * 1992-06-04 1997-07-15 Vivorx, Inc. Water-soluble polymeric carriers for drug delivery
US6011020A (en) * 1990-06-11 2000-01-04 Nexstar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nucleic acid ligand complexes
US6328970B1 (en) * 1993-04-23 2001-12-11 American Home Products Corporation Rapamycin position 27 conjugates
US6383766B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2002-05-07 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. Reduced cortisol conjugates
US6663839B2 (en) * 2001-02-26 2003-12-16 Abb Lummus Global Inc. Radial flow gas phase reactor and method for reducing the nitrogen oxide content of a gas
US6858210B1 (en) * 1998-06-09 2005-02-22 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Co. Therapeutic and diagnostic domain 1 β2GPI polypeptides and methods of using same
US20050175620A1 (en) * 2000-06-08 2005-08-11 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Co. Multivalent platform molecules comprising high molecular weight polyethylene oxide
US20050226844A1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2005-10-13 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Valency platform molecules comprising carbamate linkages

Family Cites Families (107)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US162953A (en) * 1875-05-04 Improvement in fire-alarm telegraphs
DE287950C (US07115581-20061003-C00015.png) *
US932819A (en) * 1906-12-11 1909-08-31 Internat Telegraph Construction Company Oscilliameter.
US3225063A (en) 1962-05-21 1965-12-21 Scott Paper Co Organic cyclic carbonates
US4179337A (en) 1973-07-20 1979-12-18 Davis Frank F Non-immunogenic polypeptides
US4024222A (en) * 1973-10-30 1977-05-17 The Johns Hopkins University Nucleic acid complexes
DE2412217A1 (de) * 1974-03-14 1975-10-09 Bayer Ag Polyalkylenoxidhaltige urethanpolyole mit sulfonsaeuregruppe(n)
GB1578348A (en) * 1976-08-17 1980-11-05 Pharmacia Ab Products and a method for the therapeutic suppression of reaginic antibodies responsible for common allergic
US4191668A (en) * 1977-02-03 1980-03-04 Scripps Clinic And Research Foundation Induction of immunological tolerance
US4388441A (en) * 1977-02-03 1983-06-14 Scripps Clinic & Research Foundation Induction of immunological tolerance
US4220565A (en) 1979-01-18 1980-09-02 Scripps Clinic & Research Foundation Immunochemical conjugates: method and composition
US4289872A (en) 1979-04-06 1981-09-15 Allied Corporation Macromolecular highly branched homogeneous compound based on lysine units
US4349538A (en) 1979-12-07 1982-09-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Nuclease-resistant hydrophilic complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
US4381239A (en) * 1981-02-10 1983-04-26 Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. Method for reducing the pyrogen content of or removing pyrogens from substances contaminated therewith
US4415590A (en) 1982-04-26 1983-11-15 Betamed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Herpes treatment
JPS5927900A (ja) * 1982-08-09 1984-02-14 Wakunaga Seiyaku Kk 固定化オリゴヌクレオチド
US6022544A (en) * 1983-01-24 2000-02-08 The John Hopkins University Therapeutic suppression of specific immune responses by administration of oligomeric forms of antigen of controlled chemistry
US5370871A (en) 1983-01-24 1994-12-06 The Johns Hopkins University Therapeutic suppression of specific immune responses by administration of oligomeric forms of antigen of controlled chemistry
US5126131A (en) * 1983-01-24 1992-06-30 The Johns Hopkins University Therapeutic suppression of specific immune responses by administration of antigen-competitive conjugates.
US4650675A (en) * 1983-08-18 1987-03-17 The Children's Medical Center Corporation Oligonucleotide conjugates
US5447722A (en) 1983-12-12 1995-09-05 University Of Manitoba Method for the suppression of an immune response with antigen-MPEG conjugates in nonsensitized individuals
DK160818C (da) * 1983-12-30 1991-10-07 Hoffmann La Roche N-ring-holdige glycerolderivater, fremgangsmaade til fremstilling deraf, anvendelse deraf til fremstilling af et blodpladeaktiveringsfaktorhaemmende middel samt laegemidler indeholdende en saadan forbindelse
DE3438694A1 (de) 1984-10-23 1986-04-24 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Neue amidoalkylmelamine und aminoalkylmelamine und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4751181A (en) * 1984-12-31 1988-06-14 Duke University Methods and compositions useful in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases
US4732863A (en) * 1984-12-31 1988-03-22 University Of New Mexico PEG-modified antibody with reduced affinity for cell surface Fc receptors
US4766106A (en) * 1985-06-26 1988-08-23 Cetus Corporation Solubilization of proteins for pharmaceutical compositions using polymer conjugation
US4917888A (en) * 1985-06-26 1990-04-17 Cetus Corporation Solubilization of immunotoxins for pharmaceutical compositions using polymer conjugation
US5206344A (en) * 1985-06-26 1993-04-27 Cetus Oncology Corporation Interleukin-2 muteins and polymer conjugation thereof
GB2184732B (en) * 1985-12-26 1990-07-11 Showa Denko Kk Active support substance and adsorbent for chromatography
US4863713A (en) 1986-06-23 1989-09-05 The Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Method and system for administering therapeutic and diagnostic agents
US6312679B1 (en) * 1986-08-18 2001-11-06 The Dow Chemical Company Dense star polymer conjugates as dyes
US5527524A (en) * 1986-08-18 1996-06-18 The Dow Chemical Company Dense star polymer conjugates
US4933288A (en) * 1986-11-21 1990-06-12 Cetus Corporation Use of a modified soluble Pseudomonas exotoxin A in immunoconjugates
US4808705A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-02-28 Cetus Corporation Stable formulations of ricin toxin a chain and of RTA-immunoconjugates and stabilizer screening methods therefor
JPH0761992B2 (ja) * 1987-02-06 1995-07-05 武田薬品工業株式会社 置換アミン誘導体
US5674911A (en) 1987-02-20 1997-10-07 Cytrx Corporation Antiinfective polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene copolymers and methods of use
US4904582A (en) * 1987-06-11 1990-02-27 Synthetic Genetics Novel amphiphilic nucleic acid conjugates
US4981979A (en) * 1987-09-10 1991-01-01 Neorx Corporation Immunoconjugates joined by thioether bonds having reduced toxicity and improved selectivity
US4923985A (en) 1988-05-25 1990-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health & Human Services Process for synthesizing macrocyclic chelates
DE68909416T2 (de) * 1988-10-12 1994-03-24 Centocor Inc Radiotherapeutische immunokonjugate, etikettiert mit iod-125.
US5252720A (en) 1989-03-06 1993-10-12 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Metal complexes of water soluble texaphyrins
US5324844A (en) * 1989-04-19 1994-06-28 Enzon, Inc. Active carbonates of polyalkylene oxides for modification of polypeptides
US5122614A (en) * 1989-04-19 1992-06-16 Enzon, Inc. Active carbonates of polyalkylene oxides for modification of polypeptides
DE3916871A1 (de) 1989-05-24 1990-11-29 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Modifiziertes phosphoramidit-verfahren zur herstellung von modifizierten nukleinsaeuren
WO1991006006A1 (fr) * 1989-10-19 1991-05-02 Yamasa Shoyu Kabushiki Kaisha Excipient de liaison d'anticorps antiphospholipides, immuno-analyse utilisant cet excipient et kit associe
US5552391A (en) * 1990-01-16 1996-09-03 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof
US5391785A (en) * 1990-01-16 1995-02-21 La Jolla Pharmaceutial Company Intermediates for providing functional groups on the 5' end of oligonucleotides
JPH04218000A (ja) 1990-02-13 1992-08-07 Kirin Amgen Inc 修飾ポリペプチド
US5053423A (en) 1990-03-22 1991-10-01 Quadra Logic Technologies Inc. Compositions for photodynamic therapy
US5238940A (en) 1990-03-22 1993-08-24 Quadra Logic Technologies Inc. Compositions for photodynamic therapy
US5185433A (en) 1990-04-09 1993-02-09 Centocor, Inc. Cross-linking protein compositions having two or more identical binding sites
FR2664274B1 (fr) 1990-07-09 1992-09-11 Rhone Poulenc Sante Procede de preparation de sulfates cycliques.
US5386020A (en) * 1991-01-10 1995-01-31 New York University Multiply connected, three-dimensional nucleic acid structures
CA2106474C (en) 1991-03-19 2004-02-10 R. Martin Emanuele Polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene copolymers with improved biological activity
CA2062240A1 (en) 1991-06-07 1992-12-08 Susan J. Danielson Labeled hydantoin derivatives for immunoassays
US5126311A (en) * 1991-09-06 1992-06-30 Eastman Kodak Company Mixture of dyes for black dye donor for thermal color proofing
US5495006A (en) * 1991-09-27 1996-02-27 Allelix Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. Antiviral polynucleotide conjugates
US5278051A (en) * 1991-12-12 1994-01-11 New York University Construction of geometrical objects from polynucleotides
WO1993012145A1 (en) * 1991-12-19 1993-06-24 Baylor College Of Medicine Pva or peg conjugates of peptides for epitope-specific immunosuppression
US5747244A (en) * 1991-12-23 1998-05-05 Chiron Corporation Nucleic acid probes immobilized on polystyrene surfaces
US5321095A (en) 1993-02-02 1994-06-14 Enzon, Inc. Azlactone activated polyalkylene oxides
FR2701263B1 (fr) * 1993-02-09 1995-04-21 Elie Stefas Procédé d'obtention d'une composition aqueuse protéinique, composition correspondante, glycoprotéine contenue et son utilisation pour la stabilisation de l'albumine et la détection ou le dosage d'anticorps.
US5681811A (en) 1993-05-10 1997-10-28 Protein Delivery, Inc. Conjugation-stabilized therapeutic agent compositions, delivery and diagnostic formulations comprising same, and method of making and using the same
US5359030A (en) 1993-05-10 1994-10-25 Protein Delivery, Inc. Conjugation-stabilized polypeptide compositions, therapeutic delivery and diagnostic formulations comprising same, and method of making and using the same
KR100361933B1 (ko) * 1993-09-08 2003-02-14 라 졸라 파마슈티칼 컴파니 화학적으로정의된비중합성결합가플랫폼분자및그것의콘주게이트
US5965566A (en) 1993-10-20 1999-10-12 Enzon, Inc. High molecular weight polymer-based prodrugs
US5840900A (en) 1993-10-20 1998-11-24 Enzon, Inc. High molecular weight polymer-based prodrugs
US5880131A (en) * 1993-10-20 1999-03-09 Enzon, Inc. High molecular weight polymer-based prodrugs
US5643575A (en) * 1993-10-27 1997-07-01 Enzon, Inc. Non-antigenic branched polymer conjugates
US5919455A (en) * 1993-10-27 1999-07-06 Enzon, Inc. Non-antigenic branched polymer conjugates
AU696638B2 (en) 1993-11-16 1998-09-17 Yamasa Corporation Method of assaying antiphospholipid antibody and kit therefor
US5618528A (en) * 1994-02-28 1997-04-08 Sterling Winthrop Inc. Biologically compatible linear block copolymers of polyalkylene oxide and peptide units
US5730990A (en) * 1994-06-24 1998-03-24 Enzon, Inc. Non-antigenic amine derived polymers and polymer conjugates
US5650234A (en) * 1994-09-09 1997-07-22 Surface Engineering Technologies, Division Of Innerdyne, Inc. Electrophilic polyethylene oxides for the modification of polysaccharides, polypeptides (proteins) and surfaces
US5932462A (en) * 1995-01-10 1999-08-03 Shearwater Polymers, Inc. Multiarmed, monofunctional, polymer for coupling to molecules and surfaces
US5698664A (en) 1995-04-26 1997-12-16 The Penn State Research Foundation Synthesis of polyphosphazenes with controlled molecular weight and polydispersity
US5874409A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-02-23 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company APL immunoreactive peptides, conjugates thereof and methods of treatment for APL antibody-mediated pathologies
US5672662A (en) 1995-07-07 1997-09-30 Shearwater Polymers, Inc. Poly(ethylene glycol) and related polymers monosubstituted with propionic or butanoic acids and functional derivatives thereof for biotechnical applications
DE19541404A1 (de) 1995-11-07 1997-05-15 Degussa Verfahren zur selektiven Synthese von Silylalkyldisulfiden
DK1704878T3 (da) * 1995-12-18 2013-07-01 Angiodevice Internat Gmbh Tværbundne polymerpræparater og fremgangsmåder til deres anvendelse
US6106828A (en) * 1996-02-15 2000-08-22 Novo Nordisk A/S Conjugation of polypeptides
US5780319A (en) * 1996-04-19 1998-07-14 Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics Immunoassays to detect antiphospholipid antibodies
IL128229A0 (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-11-30 Ortho Mcneil Pharm Inc Polypeptides having a single covalently bound n-terminal water-soluble polymer
US5844056A (en) 1996-08-07 1998-12-01 The University Of Akron Star polymers having multiple polyisobutylene arms emanating from a calixarene core, initiators therefor, and method for the synthesis thereof
US6214966B1 (en) * 1996-09-26 2001-04-10 Shearwater Corporation Soluble, degradable poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives for controllable release of bound molecules into solution
US6258351B1 (en) * 1996-11-06 2001-07-10 Shearwater Corporation Delivery of poly(ethylene glycol)-modified molecules from degradable hydrogels
US5990237A (en) 1997-05-21 1999-11-23 Shearwater Polymers, Inc. Poly(ethylene glycol) aldehyde hydrates and related polymers and applications in modifying amines
ATE469166T1 (de) * 1997-06-06 2010-06-15 Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co Ltd Chemisch modifizierte polypeptide
US6284246B1 (en) * 1997-07-30 2001-09-04 The Procter & Gamble Co. Modified polypeptides with high activity and reduced allergenicity
DE19748489A1 (de) * 1997-11-03 1999-05-06 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Polyethylenglykol-derivatisierte Biomoleküle und deren Verwendung in heterogenen Nachweisverfahren
US6368612B1 (en) * 1997-12-12 2002-04-09 Biohybrid Technologies Llc Devices for cloaking transplanted cells
US6180095B1 (en) * 1997-12-17 2001-01-30 Enzon, Inc. Polymeric prodrugs of amino- and hydroxyl-containing bioactive agents
US5985263A (en) 1997-12-19 1999-11-16 Enzon, Inc. Substantially pure histidine-linked protein polymer conjugates
US6624142B2 (en) * 1997-12-30 2003-09-23 Enzon, Inc. Trimethyl lock based tetrapartate prodrugs
US5965119A (en) 1997-12-30 1999-10-12 Enzon, Inc. Trialkyl-lock-facilitated polymeric prodrugs of amino-containing bioactive agents
ATE399809T1 (de) * 1998-03-12 2008-07-15 Nektar Therapeutics Al Corp Verfahren zur herstellung von polymerkonjugaten
US6824766B2 (en) * 1998-04-17 2004-11-30 Enzon, Inc. Biodegradable high molecular weight polymeric linkers and their conjugates
US6251382B1 (en) * 1998-04-17 2001-06-26 Enzon, Inc. Biodegradable high molecular weight polymeric linkers and their conjugates
US6153655A (en) * 1998-04-17 2000-11-28 Enzon, Inc. Terminally-branched polymeric linkers and polymeric conjugates containing the same
IL126447A (en) * 1998-10-04 2004-09-27 Vascular Biogenics Ltd An immune preparation that confers tolerance in oral administration and its use in the prevention and / or treatment of atherosclerosis
US6399578B1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2002-06-04 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Conjugates comprising galactose α1,3 galactosyl epitopes and methods of using same
US6365173B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2002-04-02 Efrat Biopolymers Ltd. Stereocomplex polymeric carriers for drug delivery
DE60032255T2 (de) * 1999-10-04 2007-06-28 Nektar Therapeutics Al, Corp., Huntsville Polymer-stabilisierte neuropeptide
CA2393638C (en) * 1999-12-22 2009-10-20 Shearwater Corporation Method for the preparation of 1-benzotriazolyl carbonate esters of poly(ethylene glycol)
US6547654B2 (en) * 2000-07-22 2003-04-15 Americo Del Raso Automatic abrasive sleeve tightening means and quick release system for an oscillating spindle sander
US20020091340A1 (en) * 2000-11-13 2002-07-11 Robbins Daniel J. Vibration device for use with a resting unit
US7810829B2 (en) * 2002-07-03 2010-10-12 Fleet Engineers, Incorporated Fender assembly and adjustable mounting bracket therefor

Patent Citations (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4351A (en) * 1846-01-07 Straw-cutter
US26856A (en) * 1860-01-17 Btjoying ships
US31635A (en) * 1861-03-05 Straw-cutter
US103990A (en) * 1870-06-07 Improvement in liquid-meters
US208864A (en) * 1878-10-08 Improvement in folding and tilting chairs
US224366A (en) * 1880-02-10 William w
US258683A (en) * 1882-05-30 Edwaed j
US4234563A (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-11-18 American Hospital Supply Corporation Insolubilized deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
US4399121A (en) * 1981-11-04 1983-08-16 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Iodothyronine immunogens and antibodies
US4558120A (en) * 1983-01-07 1985-12-10 The Dow Chemical Company Dense star polymer
US4568737A (en) * 1983-01-07 1986-02-04 The Dow Chemical Company Dense star polymers and dendrimers
US4734363A (en) * 1984-11-27 1988-03-29 Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. Large scale production of DNA probes
US5338532A (en) * 1986-08-18 1994-08-16 The Dow Chemical Company Starburst conjugates
US5135737A (en) * 1986-11-10 1992-08-04 The State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of The University Of Oregon Amplifier molecules for enhancement of diagnosis and therapy
US4822594A (en) * 1987-01-27 1989-04-18 Gibby Wendell A Contrast enhancing agents for magnetic resonance images
US5229490A (en) * 1987-05-06 1993-07-20 The Rockefeller University Multiple antigen peptide system
US5276013A (en) * 1990-01-16 1994-01-04 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Conjugates of biologically stable polyfunctional molecules and polynucleotides for treating systemic lupus erythematosus
US5171264A (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-12-15 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Immobilized polyethylene oxide star molecules for bioapplications
US6011020A (en) * 1990-06-11 2000-01-04 Nexstar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nucleic acid ligand complexes
US5219564A (en) * 1990-07-06 1993-06-15 Enzon, Inc. Poly(alkylene oxide) amino acid copolymers and drug carriers and charged copolymers based thereon
US5229366A (en) * 1990-10-23 1993-07-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Peptide-containing polyethylene glycol derivatives and application thereof
US5268454A (en) * 1991-02-08 1993-12-07 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Composition for inducing humoral anergy to an immunogen comprising a t cell epitope-deficient analog of the immunogen conjugated to a nonimmunogenic carrier
US6060056A (en) * 1991-02-08 2000-05-09 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Composition for inducing humoral anergy to an immunogen comprising a T cell epitope-deficient analog of the immunogen conjugated to a nonimmunogenic valency platform molecule
US5648506A (en) * 1992-06-04 1997-07-15 Vivorx, Inc. Water-soluble polymeric carriers for drug delivery
US6328970B1 (en) * 1993-04-23 2001-12-11 American Home Products Corporation Rapamycin position 27 conjugates
US6858210B1 (en) * 1998-06-09 2005-02-22 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Co. Therapeutic and diagnostic domain 1 β2GPI polypeptides and methods of using same
US6383766B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2002-05-07 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. Reduced cortisol conjugates
US20050226844A1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2005-10-13 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Valency platform molecules comprising carbamate linkages
US20050175620A1 (en) * 2000-06-08 2005-08-11 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Co. Multivalent platform molecules comprising high molecular weight polyethylene oxide
US6951939B2 (en) * 2000-06-08 2005-10-04 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Multivalent platform molecules comprising high molecular weight polyethylene oxide
US6663839B2 (en) * 2001-02-26 2003-12-16 Abb Lummus Global Inc. Radial flow gas phase reactor and method for reducing the nitrogen oxide content of a gas

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7208156B2 (en) 1991-02-08 2007-04-24 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Composition for inducing humoral anergy to an immunogen comprising a T cell epitope-deficient analog of the immunogen conjugated to a nonimmunogenic valency platform molecule
US7163683B2 (en) 1991-02-08 2007-01-16 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Composition for inducing humoral anergy to an immunogen comprising a T cell epitope-deficient analog of the immunogen conjugated to a nonimmunogenic valency platform molecule
US7138244B2 (en) 1991-02-08 2006-11-21 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Composition for inducing humoral anergy to an immunogen comprising a T cell epitope-deficient analog of the immunogen conjugated to a nonimmunogenic valency platform molecule
US20020107389A1 (en) * 1992-07-15 2002-08-08 Coutts Stephen M. Conjugates of chemically defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and biologically active molecules
US20050026856A1 (en) * 1992-07-15 2005-02-03 Coutts Stephen M. Chemically defined non-polymeric valency platvorm molecules and conjugates thereof
US20030018190A1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2003-01-23 Jones David S. Valency platform molecules comprising carbamate linkages
US7081242B1 (en) 1999-11-28 2006-07-25 La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company Methods of treating lupus based on antibody affinity and screening methods and compositions for use thereof
US20020110535A1 (en) * 2000-06-08 2002-08-15 Jones David S. Multivalent platform molecules comprising high molecular weight polyethylene oxide
US20030114405A1 (en) * 2001-08-13 2003-06-19 Linnik Matthew D. Methods of treating systemic lupus erythematosus in individuals having significantly impaired renal function
US20030082635A1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2003-05-01 Lockheed Martin Corporation System and method for large scale detection of hazardous materials in the mail or in other objects
US20040043019A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2004-03-04 Rauno Joks Method of treating immune-mediated diseases by administration of IgM
US20040208864A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2004-10-21 Vibeke Strand Methods of improving health-related quality of life in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus
US20070218072A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2007-09-20 Vibeke Strand Methods of improving health-related quality of life in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus
US20040258683A1 (en) * 2003-03-30 2004-12-23 Linnik Matthew D. Methods of treating and monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus in individuals
US20070191297A1 (en) * 2003-03-30 2007-08-16 Linnik Matthew D Methods of treating and monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus in individuals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7115581B2 (en) 2006-10-03
US20020107389A1 (en) 2002-08-08
US7351855B2 (en) 2008-04-01
US20030162953A1 (en) 2003-08-28
KR100361933B1 (ko) 2003-02-14
US20050026856A1 (en) 2005-02-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5633395A (en) Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof
US7115581B2 (en) Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof
US7138244B2 (en) Composition for inducing humoral anergy to an immunogen comprising a T cell epitope-deficient analog of the immunogen conjugated to a nonimmunogenic valency platform molecule
EP1808183A2 (en) Chemically-defined non-polymeric valency platform molecules and conjugates thereof
US5276013A (en) Conjugates of biologically stable polyfunctional molecules and polynucleotides for treating systemic lupus erythematosus
US20050175620A1 (en) Multivalent platform molecules comprising high molecular weight polyethylene oxide
JP3836888B2 (ja) 化学的に定義された非ポリマー性結合手プラットフォーム分子およびその複合体
PT642798E (pt) Moléculas plataforma de valência não poliméricas defenidas quimicamente e seus conjugados.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: LA JOLLA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:COUTTS, STEPHEN M.;JONES, DAVID S.;LIVINGSTON, DOUGLAS A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017499/0958

Effective date: 19940107

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION