US20020047014A1 - Fuel cap device - Google Patents

Fuel cap device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020047014A1
US20020047014A1 US09/899,065 US89906501A US2002047014A1 US 20020047014 A1 US20020047014 A1 US 20020047014A1 US 89906501 A US89906501 A US 89906501A US 2002047014 A1 US2002047014 A1 US 2002047014A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
closer
main body
torque
cover
operating portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/899,065
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hiroyuki Hagano
Masayuki Nakagawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Assigned to TOYODA GOSEI CO., LTD. reassignment TOYODA GOSEI CO., LTD. INVALID RECORDING. SEE REEL 012346 FRAME 0875. (RE-RECORDED TO CORRECT THE RECORDATION DATE FROM 7-4-01 TO 7-6-01) Assignors: HAGANO, HIROYUKI, NAKAGAWA, MASAYUKI
Application filed by Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd filed Critical Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd
Assigned to TOYODA GOSEI CO., LTD reassignment TOYODA GOSEI CO., LTD RE-RECORD TO CORRECT THE RECORDATION DATE OF 07/04/2001 TO 07/06/2001, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 011971 FRAME 0401. Assignors: HAGANO, HIROYUKI, NAKAGAWA, MASAYUKI
Publication of US20020047014A1 publication Critical patent/US20020047014A1/en
Priority to US10/829,467 priority Critical patent/US20040262312A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/04—Tank inlets
    • B60K15/0406—Filler caps for fuel tanks

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a fuel cap device furnished with a fuel cap for opening and closing a pouring inlet of a fuel tank in an automobile.
  • the present invention is based on Japanese Application No. 2000-204569, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • FIG. 20 is an explanatory view showing a neighborhood of the pouring inlet disposed at the rear part of an automobile.
  • a recess part 102 to be opened and closed by an oil cover 101 at the rear part of a car body panel, and a pouring inlet 104 for a filler pipe is located in a bottom wall 102 a thereof, and is sealed with a fuel cap 110 .
  • the fuel cap 110 has a casing (not shown) closing the pouring inlet 104 and a cover 114 attached to the casing.
  • the cover 114 projects outward an operating portion 116 .
  • the operating portion 116 is grasped with fingers of an operator to put the casing into the pouring inlet 104 and rotate the operating portion 116 about 90° in a clockwise direction, in short, till the position shown in FIG. 20.
  • the conventional fuel cap 110 has an outside edge 116 a of the operating portion 116 directing rearwards of the automobile as shown in FIG. 21 when closing the pouring inlet 104 .
  • the operating portion 116 rotates counterclockwise direction to easily loosen the fuel cap 110 .
  • the invention is to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and it is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a fuel cap device having a fuel cap enabling to open and close at small operating angles and being difficult to loosen by an unexpected external force.
  • the invention is to offer a fuel cap device disposed at a rear part of an automobile for opening and closing a pouring inlet connected to a fuel tank,
  • an operating portion comprising a projection which is attached to the upper part of the closer and passes through a center of the closer, bridging in a radius direction, and
  • the operating portion is determined to be at the closing position such that the operating portion transmits to the closer a moment rotating in the closing direction.
  • the fuel cap device for causing the fuel cap to close the pouring inlet, grasping the operating portion of the fuel cap with the fingers to insert the closer thereof into the pouring inlet, the operating portion is rotated in the closing direction, so that the closer is rotated together with the operating portion to seal between the pouring inlet and the closer via the sealing means.
  • the operating angle closing the fuel cap is as small as 180° or less and good in operation.
  • the outer circumferential edge of the operating portion is determined to be at the closing position such that the moment is transmitted in the closing direction from the operating portion to the closer, in case receiving an external force going from the rear side to the front side of the automobile when the fuel cap is closed. Accordingly, the outer circumferential edge of the operating portion receives the external force going from the rear side to the front side of the automobile, the fuel cap rotates in the closing direction, so that it is not loosened. Thus, even if the fuel cap receives the external force as being rear-ended, it can maintain the sealing function.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the rear part of an automobile
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view enlarging the neighborhood of the oil hole of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state of taking off the fuel cap from the state of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the opening and closing of the fuel cap
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the closing state of the fuel cap
  • FIG. 6 is a side view, partially in section, of the fuel cap
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the relationship between the casing side retaining portion of the casing main body and the filler neck;
  • FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing peripheral parts of the torque mechanism
  • FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view showing the neighborhood of the torque mechanism
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of the operation of the torque mechanism together with opening and closing of the fuel cap
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of the operation continuing from FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of the operation continuing from FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of the operation continuing from FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is an explanatory view of the operation continuing from FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 15 is an explanatory view of the operation continuing from FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of the operation continuing from FIG. 15;
  • FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of the operation continuing from FIG. 16;
  • FIG. 18 is an explanatory view of the operation continuing from FIG. 17;
  • FIG. 19 is an explanatory view of the positional relation of closing the fuel cap concerned with the other embodiment
  • FIG. 20 is an explanatory view showing a neighborhood of the pouring inlet disposed at the rear part of an existing automobile.
  • FIG. 21 is an explanatory view of the closing position of the existing fuel cap.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the rear part of the automobile.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are views enlarging the neighborhood of the oil hole of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a state of attaching the fuel cap
  • FIG. 3 shows a state of taking off the fuel cap, respectively.
  • a recess Pa is provided which opens and closes by an oil cover FL, while in a bottom wall Pb of the recess, a pouring inlet FNb (FIG. 3) of a filler neck FN is disposed.
  • the pouring inlet FNb is sealed by the fuel cap 10 .
  • FIG. 3 is enlarging the neighborhood of the oil hole of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a state of attaching the fuel cap
  • FIG. 3 shows a state of taking off the fuel cap, respectively.
  • a recess Pa is provided at the rear part of a car body panel VP which opens and closes by an oil cover FL, while in a bottom wall Pb of the reces
  • the fuel cap 10 comprises a casing main body 20 (closer) closing the pouring inlet FNb, a cover 40 affixed to the casing main body 20 , and a gasket (not shown) as a sealing means.
  • the cover 40 projects the operating portion 42 for rotating the fuel cap 10 by grasping with the fingers of the operator.
  • the operating portion 42 forms the projection passing the center of the casing main body 20 and bridging in the radius direction.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are views explaining positional relations of the operating portion 42 when the fuel cap 10 opens and closes.
  • a state that the operating portion 42 of the fuel cap 10 shown in FIG. 4 stands in a vertical direction is a position for inserting and removing the fuel cap 10 , and as shown in FIG. 5 from FIG. 4, a position that the operating portion 42 rotates clockwise 120° is a closing position.
  • the closing position of the fuel cap 10 the automobile starts.
  • the operating portion 42 For closing the pouring inlet FNb with the fuel cap 10 from the state shown in FIG. 3, the operating portion 42 is grasped by the fingers to insert the casing main body 20 into the pouring inlet FNb. At this time, the longitudinal direction of the operating portion 42 is set vertical as shown in FIG. 4 to insert the casing main body 20 into the pouring inlet FNb. Subsequently, if the operating portion 42 rotates clockwise about 120°, the casing main body 20 rotates till the position of FIG. 5 together with the operating portion 42 . The fuel cap 10 closes thereby the pouring inlet FNb under a condition that the gasket seals between the casing main body 20 and filler neck FN.
  • the angle closing the fuel cap 10 is small as 120° or less, and the closing rotation does not require repetitions of several times and the operability is excellent.
  • the outer circumferential edge of the operating portion 42 is determined to be at the closing position of the fuel cap 10 such that the moment is transmitted in the closing direction from the operating portion 42 to the casing main body 20 in the closing direction (R 1 ) in case receiving an external force Pwl going from the rear side to the front side of the automobile when the fuel cap 10 is closed. Accordingly, the outer circumferential edge of the operating portion 42 receives the external force going from the rear side to the front side of the automobile, the fuel cap 10 rotates in the closing direction, so that it does not loosen. Thus, even if the fuel cap 10 receives the external force as being rear-ended, it can maintain the sealing function.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view, partially in section, of the fuel cap 10 .
  • the fuel cap 10 is mounted on the filler neck FN having the pouring inlet FNb supplying the fuel into a fuel tank (not shown), and comprises the casing main body 20 formed with a synthetic resin such as polyacetal, the cover 40 mounted on the casing main body 20 and formed with a synthetic resin such as nylon, a torque mechanism 80 , and the gasket GS sealing between the casing main body 20 and the filer neck FN.
  • the gasket GS is furnished outside under a flange part 33 at the upper part of the casing main body 20 .
  • the gasket GS interposes between a seal holder 21 a of the flange part 33 and the pouring inlet FNb of the filler neck FN, and serves as a sealing by being pushed toward the seal holder 21 a when the fuel cap 10 is inlaid in the pouring inlet FNb.
  • the casing main body 20 is formed at the lower part of outer periphery with a casing side retaining portion 20 a.
  • FIG. 7 is a view explaining the relationship between a casing side retaining portion 20 a of the casing main body 20 and the filler neck FN.
  • an opening side retaining portion FNc is formed on the inner periphery of the filler neck FN.
  • a neck side inserting notch FNd is defined which enables the casing side retaining portion 20 a of the fuel cap 10 to insert in an axial direction of the casing main body 20 .
  • the casing side retaining portion 20 a is aligned with the neck side inserting notch FNd, and if the fuel cap 10 is rotated at a predetermined angle (around 120°) under the condition where the fuel cap 10 is inserted into the filler neck FN, the casing side retaining portion 20 a is engaged with the opening side retaining portion FNc, whereby the fuel cap 10 is attached to the filler neck FN.
  • the cover 40 is mounted rotatably and detachably on the flange part 33 at the upper part of the casing main body 20 . That is, the cover 40 shown in FIG. 6 comprises a bottom wall 41 , the operating portion 42 projecting to the outer wall of the bottom wall 41 , and a side wall 43 formed in the outer circumference of the bottom wall 41 . In the inside of the side wall 43 , retaining projections 45 are provided at eight parts equidistantly following the circumference. If the retaining projections 45 engage an outer ring-shaped portion 33 a of the flange part 33 , the cover 40 is set to the casing main body 20 .
  • a torque mechanism 80 is provided between the casing main boy 20 and the cover 40 .
  • the torque mechanism 80 gives moderation to the cover 40 if it receives more than predetermined rotation torque when the fuel cap 10 closes the pouring inlet FNb so as to confirm that the fuel cap 10 is mounted on the filler neck FN at a desired rotation torque.
  • FIG. 8 is dismantled perspective views showing peripheral parts of the torque mechanism 80 .
  • FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view showing the neighborhood of the torque mechanism 80 .
  • the torque mechanism 80 has elastic pieces 194 and others of the same shape around a rotary shaft of the cover 40 and the same working effects, and so explanation will be mainly made to members of a shown upper side.
  • the torque mechanism 80 is equipped with main body side ribs 132 standing on an upper and outer circumference of the casing main body 20 , a tubular axial part 146 of the cover 40 , cover side retaining parts 146 a, cover side trigger projections 147 , a spring 182 , and a torque plate 190 .
  • the tubular axial part 146 stands at an inside center of the cover 40
  • the outer circumference of the tubular axial part 146 projects the cover side retaining parts 146 a as mountains in cross section.
  • the cover side trigger projections 147 project in arc.
  • the spring 182 is a torsion spring which intervenes between the casing main body 20 and the cover 40 , and is received within the tubular axial part 146 , passing through the torque plate 190 so as to be thus present between the casing main body 20 and the cover 40 for storing a urging force when the cover 40 rotates clockwise.
  • the torque plate 190 is a thin disk formed of a resin having penetrating holes and guide parts around the rotary shaft of the cover 40 . That is, the center of the torque plate 190 is defined with a center hole 191 for passing the tubular axial part 146 of the cover 40 and formed with the elastic torque pieces 194 on a peripheral edge portion of the center hole 191 .
  • the elastic torque piece 194 has a fulcrum at a one-sided or cantilevered supporting edge 194 a shaped in arc, projects the plate side retaining part 194 b toward the inside circumference, and has a leg part 194 d formed at a free end side.
  • the torque plate 190 is defined with arc shaped rib guiding parts 193 for slidably disposing the main body side ribs 132 which reciprocate between pressing edges 193 a and 193 b being both edges of the rib guiding parts 193 .
  • the main body side rib 132 is an arc shaped member following the rib guiding part 193 , and has retaining projections 132 a, 132 b in the inside circumference.
  • guide parts 132 c are formed for slidably supporting the cover side trigger projections 147 .
  • supporting edges 132 e, 132 f are formed respectively, the supporting edge 132 e being for supporting the legs 194 d of the elastic torque pieces 194 .
  • FIGS. 10 to 18 are views explaining operations of the torque mechanism 80 together with opening and closing of the fuel cap 10 .
  • FIGS. 10 to 14 show operations until closing of the fuel cap 10
  • FIGS. 14 to 18 show operations until opening of the same.
  • the upper side figures show the positional relations of the cover 40
  • the central figures show the positional relations of the torque plate 190 being main
  • the lower side figures show the positional relations between the casing side retaining part 20 a of the casing main body 20 and the neck side inserting notch FNd.
  • the operating portion 42 of the cover 40 is held by the thumb and the forefinger so as to align the casing side retaining part 20 a of the casing main body 20 to the neck side inserting notch FNd of the filler neck FN and insert the axial direction. Then, if the operating portion 42 of the cover 40 is vertically directed, the casing side retaining part 20 a and the neck side inserting notch FNd are brought to a position enabling to insert, thereby to provide a positional relation easy to attach the fuel cap 10 .
  • the positional relation of the torque mechanism 80 at this time is brought by the urging force of the spring 182 to the position where the main body side rib 132 is engaged with the elastic torque piece 194 , i.e., to the position under the condition where the leg 194 d of the elastic torque piece 194 is supported by the supporting edge 132 e of the main body rib 132 .
  • the torque mechanism 80 makes a series of operations as shown from FIGS. 10 to 14 . That is, the clockwise rotating force given to the cover 40 is transmitted to the torque plate 190 via the engagement between the cover side retaining portion 146 a of the cover 40 and the plate side retaining part 194 b of the torque plate 190 , so as to rotate the torque plate 190 in the same direction. Accompanied with the rotation of the torque plate 190 , the main body side rib 132 is pushed by the leg 194 d of the elastic piece 194 .
  • the cover 40 , the torque plate 190 , and the casing main body 20 are rotated about 100° together to close the pouring inlet FNb, and the casing side retaining part 20 a is in engagement with the opening side retaining part FNc (State in FIG. 11).
  • the cover side retaining part 146 a bends the elastic torque piece 194 (State in FIG. 12), and further going beyond the plate side retaining part 194 b, a first attaching-detaching condition is thus made (State in FIG. 13)
  • the cover 40 rotates about 30°, and when passing this condition, a user can confirm the moderation.
  • the urging force accumulated in the spring 182 rotates the cover 40 counterclockwise by releasing the operator's hands from the operating portion 42 of the cover 40 .
  • the urging force of the spring 182 rotates counterclockwise the cover 40 and the torque plate 190 via the engagement between the cover side retaining portion 146 a and the plate side retaining part 194 b.
  • the main body side rib 132 integral with the casing main body 20 is also secured.
  • the leg 194 d of the elastic torque piece 194 separates from the supporting edge 132 e of the main body rib 132 , and the elastic torque piece 194 is of cantilever (State in FIG. 14). Further the cover 40 is secured in a state where the pressing edge 193 b of the rib guide part 193 is brought into abutment with the main body side rib 132 . Under this state, the fuel cap 10 closes the pouring inlet FNb (refer to FIG. 5). By adjusting a position on which the pressing edge 193 b of the rib guide part 193 is formed, the securing angle of the operating part 42 may be predetermined.
  • the cover 40 and the casing main body 20 are retained having a predetermined relative angle a for a lost motion between the cover 40 and the casing main body 20 as shown in FIG. 14, when the fuel cap 10 closes the pouring inlet FNb.
  • the cover 40 recovers to an initial position with respect to the casing main body 20 . Under this state, the fuel cap 10 closes the pouring inlet FNb (refer to FIG. 5) without forming angle for a lost motion.
  • the total rotation angle of the cover 40 after the operator's hand is released from the operation portion 42 makes an angle b shown in FIG. 16.
  • the position of the neck side inserting notch FNd is provided by offsetting 20° to 30° in the clockwise direction, the operating portion 42 can be set at the desired position.
  • the moderation can be ascertained when the cover side retaining part 146 a of the cover 40 goes beyond the plate side retaining part 194 b of the torque plate 190 , and as it is seen that the fuel cap 10 is tightened at a predetermined torque, the tightening at the constant torque is available, irrespective of elasticity of the gasket.
  • the fuel cap 10 is sufficiently operated at the small rotating angle as about 140° through the engagement between the casing side retaining part 20 a and the opening side retaining part FNc, and rotating operations of several times are not requisite, and the attaching operation is simple.
  • the securing angle of the operating part 42 can be set at a desired angle irrespective of the engagement state between the pouring inlet FN and the casing main body 20 .
  • the operating portion 42 receives the external force at the rear part of the automobile, and for rotating the fuel cap 10 in the closing direction, it is sufficient that the end of the operating portion positions within the range of 90° of the angle ⁇ , and preferably ⁇ 1 is 5° or more, ⁇ 2 is 40° or more, specially preferably, ⁇ 1 is 10° or more, and ⁇ 2 is 45° or more.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
US09/899,065 2000-07-06 2001-07-06 Fuel cap device Abandoned US20020047014A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/829,467 US20040262312A1 (en) 2000-07-06 2004-04-22 Fuel cap device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000-204569 2000-07-06
JP2000204569A JP2002019478A (ja) 2000-07-06 2000-07-06 燃料キャップ装置

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/829,467 Continuation-In-Part US20040262312A1 (en) 2000-07-06 2004-04-22 Fuel cap device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20020047014A1 true US20020047014A1 (en) 2002-04-25

Family

ID=18701810

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/899,065 Abandoned US20020047014A1 (en) 2000-07-06 2001-07-06 Fuel cap device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20020047014A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1170163B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002019478A (de)
DE (1) DE60109527T2 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060283860A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel filler cap
US9434248B2 (en) * 2012-09-28 2016-09-06 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Fuel tank opening and closing device
USD1015152S1 (en) * 2021-07-26 2024-02-20 Arman Simonyan Gas cap container lid

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102452696B1 (ko) 2017-12-12 2022-10-11 현대자동차주식회사 음정을 발생하는 락킹 구조를 구비한 차량용 연료캡

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5449086A (en) * 1993-10-18 1995-09-12 Stant Manufacturing Inc. Delayed actuation fuel cap
US5462190A (en) * 1995-01-23 1995-10-31 General Motors Corporation Fuel cap tether apparatus
EP1154935B1 (de) * 1998-10-06 2006-01-04 Stant Manufacturing Inc. Schnellverschluss mit drehmomentbegrenzung für einfüllstutzen
DE60013941T2 (de) * 1999-03-31 2005-10-20 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd., Nishikasugai Tankdeckel und damit versehener Kraftstofftank

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060283860A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel filler cap
US9434248B2 (en) * 2012-09-28 2016-09-06 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Fuel tank opening and closing device
USD1015152S1 (en) * 2021-07-26 2024-02-20 Arman Simonyan Gas cap container lid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1170163B1 (de) 2005-03-23
EP1170163A3 (de) 2003-01-15
EP1170163A2 (de) 2002-01-09
JP2002019478A (ja) 2002-01-23
DE60109527T2 (de) 2006-02-16
DE60109527D1 (de) 2005-04-28

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: TOYODA GOSEI CO., LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: INVALID RECORDING;ASSIGNORS:HAGANO, HIROYUKI;NAKAGAWA, MASAYUKI;REEL/FRAME:011971/0401

Effective date: 20010702

AS Assignment

Owner name: TOYODA GOSEI CO., LTD, JAPAN

Free format text: RE-RECORD TO CORRECT THE RECORDATION DATE OF 07/04/2001 TO 07/06/2001, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 011971 FRAME 0401.;ASSIGNORS:HAGANO, HIROYUKI;NAKAGAWA, MASAYUKI;REEL/FRAME:012346/0875

Effective date: 20010702

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION