Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap

Definitions

• This washing operation requires many times the volume of water required for the soap treatment and almost invariably natural water loaded with substances which cause hardness must be used for rinsing. In this washing operation, there-v owing to the large volume of rinsing water employed. The result of this is that the soap still contained in the goods is converted into lime soap and this latter gives the goods a harsh feeling, makes them sticky and brings about other well known troubles.
• the particular special soap that is employed in-the present process of manufacturing and production of the present soap includes a well known soap which is of a gelatinous consistency'and consists in a completely sulphonized oleaginous matter composed o fats, oils, fatty acids or oleic acids, either separately or ointly, in which the remaining sulphuric acid has been separated and finally being perfectly saponified by a quantity of.alkali equivalent to the existing fatty acids, to free the produced soap from the fatty acids and the alkali.
• This particular type of soap was discovered and used for the same purpose that the present soap is now used, the present soap, however, requiring a lesser quantity of the gelatinous substance soap for the given quantity of water in which it is used.
• An example will explain this:
• lime soap is in the form of a substance which can be easily rubbed up in the hand and which always tends to produce lather. It entirely lacks the stickiness of lime soap and can easily be washed out of the goods, whereas lime soap can only be removed by chemical action, that is to say, by decomposition with acid and subsequent treatment with soap.
• the amount'of soap can be reduced to such an extent that, even in the case of hard waters, a smaller'amount of soap is required than when working with chemically pure water or water artificially softened, or water obtained by the condensa tion of steam.
• the amounts of special soap which have to be added in order to secure the result according to the method. described are, as stated above, not more than one third of the amount equivalent to the substances which cause hardness. It must therefore be assumed that the body formed between the lime soap and the special soap takes part directly in the process or operation of washing.
• the said substances possess these powers, on the one hand, by virtue of their tendency to form complexes with the lime soap and, on the other hand, by virtue of their relationships to the solvent (and consequently hydration) which imparts stability to the colloidal system.
• the colloidal particles of lime soap are therefore prevented even by small quantities of the special soap with which they form complexes, from coalescing and separating, but even if separation docs take place on further dilution with hard water, the fine structure of the precipitate acquires a form which enables it to be washed away easily.
• the soap treatment be carried out with the hereinbefore described mixtures of ordinary soap and special soap, the latter apparently deposits itself in the interior of the fibres and, when the soap solution impregnating the goods is afterwards diluted in the washing operation, the ordinary soap solution or the precipitate deposited on the outside of the fibres is first washed off and the special soap which diffuses slowly out of the fibre is dissolved off therefrom.
• the special soap therefore forms a kind of protecting agent, so that the excess of lime and other substances which cause the hardness produced during the operation of washing by the addition of large volumes of water, is rendered incapa ble of depositing itself on the fibre in any which contain salts viz: the salts contained in sea water, and alkali salts, bicarbonatcs, and sulphate of sodium, which are often contained in natural Water.
• the process can therefore be used. with excellent results in soaping and washing operations which are carried out with sea water.
• toilet, shaving, washing and medicated soa s may be prepared which render the su stances which cause hardness and the before-mentioned salts contained in the water harmless.
• the said special soap or the like be introduced into the bath or washing water in the same manner as hereinbefore described; it is however advantageous for the consumer to obtain the mixture ready prepared, as will be obvious from the following remarks.
• the adc ition of the said special soap according to the present invention in the production of shaving soaps also makes it possible to use cheaperkinds of fat, such as distilled bone grease, and in particular all kinds of distilled fatty acids, in the manufacture thereof, whereas hitherto soaps made on the above mentioned fat basis are particularly sensitive to the action of lime and of the before-mentioned salts and will scarcely produce a lather in even only semi-hard waters.
• fat such as distilled bone grease
• hitherto soaps made on the above mentioned fat basis are particularly sensitive to the action of lime and of the before-mentioned salts and will scarcely produce a lather in even only semi-hard waters.
• soaps known as glycerine soap are on the market which originally contained a kind of colloidal solution of an alkali salt of a fatty acid in glycerine, (but more recently a similar one in alcohol) and which, on account of their transparency, are very popular. But such soaps, on the one hand, possess very little lathering power and, on the other hand, are not pleasant when used as toilet soaps, owing to the action on the skin of the alcohol which they contain.
• the addition of the said special soap to the glycerine soap gives the glycerine soap the softness and lathering power which, in its ordinary state, it lacks, without altering the appearance which renders it attractive and without the above described objectionable efi'ects. Further, the so called glycerine soap, manufactured according to the process herein described, does not exhibit the undesirable stickiness which the soaps prepared with .the addition of glycerine possess.
• the coconut-oil soaps made by the cold stirring process and mainlv used as toilet soaps, are liable to irritate the skin owing to the presence of an unavoidable excess of free alkali, but this can be considerably mitigated by the present process, quite a art from the fact that, in toilet soaps, and a so in shaving soaps etc., the avoidance of theformation of lime soap is specially important.
• Ewample II.--6O kg. of tallow and 40 kg. of bone grease are saponified with 60 kg. of caustic soda lye of 30 degrees B., in the well known way, salted out and boiled up. The mass is then allowed to settle, drawn off from the lye and the hot mass of soap crutched with from 4 to 6 kg. of the product known as Oleonate R or of that known as Monol. The soap is then allowed to solidify and further treated in the well known way.
• the soaps produced by the method herein described exhibit, without difiering in appearce from the usual soaps of the same type, a particularly persistent power of lathering and emulsification for neutral fats, and consequently possess an excellent softness which hitherto has been unknown, protect 'the ma: terials on which they are used, are particularly economical in use, and possess a-surprising degree of cleansing power.
• a further improvement of the process herein described is obtained if the mixtures of ordinary soap and special soap above described be incorporated with substances which assist the favourable colloidal chemical action, that is to say, increase the degree of dispersion or, in other words, are capable of ensuring the stability of the suspension of acting as pep tizing agents.
• Example Ill.-As in Example I a water of 12 degrees of hardness (German scale) is to be used in which woven goods are to be washed.
• the washing operation is carried out with 3 g. of soap containing 60 per cent of fatty acid, 0.45 g. and 0.1 g. of urea to each litre of water.
• the urea ensures the stability of the suspension or acts as a peptizing agent.
• Example I V.Like Example III. 0.08 g. of neutral sodium lactate is used as the added substance instead of urea.
• E wample V.Like Example III instead of urea there is added 10 0. cm. of a solution which is obtained by the decomposition or breaking down of glutine in a 1% solution bythe action of a solution of normal lye containing 40 g. of NaOH to one liter of water in an autoclave for one hour at a pressure of three atmospheres.
• Example Vl.-Like Example III instead of urea thereis added 0.06 g. disodium phosphate (Na PHO or of the equivalent quantity of borax or water glass.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=3837493

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (1)

• 0
  • BE BE331482D patent/BE331482A/xx unknown
• 1925
  • 1925-12-04 DE DEU9072D patent/DE576366C/de not_active Expired
• 1926
  • 1926-01-11 GB GB797/26A patent/GB259437A/en not_active Expired
  • 1926-01-12 FR FR610101D patent/FR610101A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1926-02-11 US US87682A patent/US1743054A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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